Modify ctype.h headers to test for non-GNU inline semantics correctly

This fixes the -Dcomponent=shared_library build at -Oz.

Cherry-picks change: https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/150680/

Change-Id: Ia31cfb8f01465b6f5354ec619223d7cc78b064e2
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/271161
Reviewed-by: Fabrice de Gans-Riberi <fdegans@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Peter Collingbourne <pcc@chromium.org>