| This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation |
| characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got the |
| ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read more |
| about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file. |
| |
| =head1 NAME |
| |
| perlos390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS |
| |
| =head1 SYNOPSIS |
| |
| This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl |
| on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services. |
| |
| =head1 DESCRIPTION |
| |
| This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, |
| 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are |
| the ones we've tested it on. |
| |
| You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before |
| running the Configure script for Perl. |
| |
| |
| =head2 Tools |
| |
| The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links |
| to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl. |
| http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
| |
| |
| =head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 |
| |
| If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format. |
| |
| Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: |
| |
| http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html |
| |
| to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: |
| |
| pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar |
| |
| or |
| |
| zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r |
| |
| If you get lots of errors of the form |
| |
| tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted. |
| |
| you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll |
| first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory |
| |
| rm -rf perl-... |
| |
| and then use pax. |
| |
| =head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary |
| parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: |
| |
| cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc |
| |
| This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file |
| and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. |
| The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was |
| SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular |
| Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. |
| |
| GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as |
| well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the |
| L</Tools>. |
| |
| Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while |
| trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such |
| trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make |
| from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make |
| (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software |
| for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. |
| |
| If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system |
| supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file |
| properly via the shell command: |
| |
| cp /samples/startup.mk /etc |
| |
| and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting |
| _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make). |
| |
| You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before |
| running the "make install" step for Perl. |
| |
| There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file |
| that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with |
| the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant |
| there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: |
| |
| #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port |
| reuse */ / |
| |
| You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might |
| note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem |
| and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. |
| If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl |
| to build its "Socket" extension. |
| |
| For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your |
| world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). |
| |
| =head2 Configure Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL |
| for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file |
| for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things |
| to watch out for include: |
| |
| =over 4 |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| A message of the form: |
| |
| (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, |
| mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) |
| |
| is nothing to worry about at all. |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. |
| In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc |
| before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction |
| of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. |
| This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed |
| to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your |
| misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball. |
| Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before |
| attempting to re-run Configure. |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by |
| default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then |
| be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. |
| See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. |
| If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the |
| $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order |
| for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. |
| If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to: |
| |
| CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found. |
| From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at |
| |
| then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either |
| libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and |
| proceed. |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is |
| a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to |
| not work correctly when the optimizer is on. |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the |
| networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong |
| names. In particular, make sure that there's either |
| an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that |
| gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file |
| /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT |
| /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). |
| You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN |
| in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to |
| properly set up your /etc networking files. |
| |
| =back |
| |
| =head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| Simply put: |
| |
| sh Configure |
| make |
| make test |
| |
| if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: |
| |
| make install |
| |
| this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending |
| on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether |
| or not you have write access to the directories you specified. |
| |
| =head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed |
| by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. |
| |
| Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your |
| 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space |
| limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF |
| profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE |
| parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl |
| with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). |
| |
| Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit |
| settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: |
| |
| ulimit -a |
| |
| To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the |
| Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. |
| |
| If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the |
| Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system |
| header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. |
| |
| =head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| The "make test" step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before |
| installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful |
| run of "make test". Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen |
| anomalies: |
| |
| =over 4 |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| A message of the form: |
| |
| io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
| CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
| CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
| ok |
| |
| indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so |
| with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| A message of the form: |
| |
| lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe |
| (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
| File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not |
| set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
| ok |
| |
| indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. |
| To correct that problem issue the command: |
| |
| chmod a+t /tmp |
| |
| from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. |
| |
| =item * |
| |
| Out of Memory! |
| |
| Recent perl test suite is quite memory hungry. In addition to the comments |
| above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS |
| in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma |
| to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins. |
| |
| The C code asks for: |
| |
| #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON)) |
| |
| The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP, |
| and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap |
| increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries |
| to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment |
| and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory |
| available. |
| |
| A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()> |
| to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this |
| case something like: |
| |
| HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) |
| |
| is needed to get through the test suite. |
| |
| |
| =back |
| |
| =head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors |
| if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the |
| Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. |
| |
| =head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII |
| character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character |
| set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under |
| EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. |
| |
| Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support |
| #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from |
| IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS |
| releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. |
| If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: |
| |
| head `whence perldoc` |
| |
| for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to |
| have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. |
| |
| If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your |
| rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for |
| working with Perl on USS. |
| |
| =head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 |
| systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small |
| magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of |
| that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following |
| Perl code: |
| |
| my $x = 100000.0; |
| my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' |
| my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' |
| print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 |
| |
| Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal |
| to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. |
| |
| The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: |
| |
| #include <stdio.h> |
| #include <math.h> |
| main() |
| { |
| double r1,r2; |
| double x = 100000.0; |
| double y = 0.0; |
| double z = 0.0; |
| x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; |
| r1 = modf (x,&y); |
| x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; |
| r2 = modf (x,&z); |
| printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); |
| /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ |
| } |
| |
| =head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: |
| |
| perl Makefile.PL |
| make |
| make test |
| make install |
| |
| If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also |
| be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with |
| the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 |
| but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for |
| building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations |
| building a static perl + xs extension boils down to: |
| |
| perl Makefile.PL |
| make |
| make perl |
| make test |
| make install |
| make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl |
| |
| In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather |
| than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for |
| xs based extensions. |
| |
| If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or |
| linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your |
| login shell then run: |
| |
| export _C89_CCMODE=1 |
| |
| If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. |
| |
| =head1 AUTHORS |
| |
| David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker |
| and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. |
| Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. |
| Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. |
| Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. |
| |
| =head1 SEE ALSO |
| |
| L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. |
| |
| http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
| |
| http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG245944.html |
| |
| http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc |
| |
| http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
| |
| http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/ |
| |
| http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/ |
| |
| =head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 |
| |
| If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390) |
| and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list. |
| To subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org. |
| |
| See also: |
| |
| http://lists.perl.org/list/perl-mvs.html |
| |
| There are web archives of the mailing list at: |
| |
| http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
| http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ |
| |
| =head1 HISTORY |
| |
| This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 |
| release of Perl. |
| |
| This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. |
| |
| Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs. |
| |
| Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
| |
| Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
| |
| Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. |
| |
| Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'. |
| |
| =cut |
| |