FuzzerMerge.cpp - chromium/llvm-project/llvm/lib/Fuzzer - Git at Google

 //===- FuzzerMerge.cpp - merging corpora ----------------------------------===//
 //
 //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
 //
 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // Merging corpora.
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

 #include "FuzzerMerge.h"
 #include "FuzzerIO.h"
 #include "FuzzerInternal.h"
 #include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
 #include "FuzzerUtil.h"

 #include <fstream>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>

 namespace fuzzer {

 bool Merger::Parse(const std::string &Str, bool ParseCoverage) {
   std::istringstream SS(Str);
   return Parse(SS, ParseCoverage);
 }

 void Merger::ParseOrExit(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage) {
   if (!Parse(IS, ParseCoverage)) {
     Printf("MERGE: failed to parse the control file (unexpected error)\n");
     exit(1);
   }
 }

 // The control file example:
 //
 // 3 # The number of inputs
 // 1 # The number of inputs in the first corpus, <= the previous number
 // file0
 // file1
 // file2  # One file name per line.
 // STARTED 0 123  # FileID, file size
 // DONE 0 1 4 6 8  # FileID COV1 COV2 ...
 // STARTED 1 456  # If DONE is missing, the input crashed while processing.
 // STARTED 2 567
 // DONE 2 8 9
 bool Merger::Parse(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage) {
   LastFailure.clear();
   std::string Line;

   // Parse NumFiles.
   if (!std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) return false;
   std::istringstream L1(Line);
   size_t NumFiles = 0;
   L1 >> NumFiles;
   if (NumFiles == 0 || NumFiles > 10000000) return false;

   // Parse NumFilesInFirstCorpus.
   if (!std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) return false;
   std::istringstream L2(Line);
   NumFilesInFirstCorpus = NumFiles + 1;
   L2 >> NumFilesInFirstCorpus;
   if (NumFilesInFirstCorpus > NumFiles) return false;

   // Parse file names.
   Files.resize(NumFiles);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < NumFiles; i++)
     if (!std::getline(IS, Files[i].Name, '\n'))
       return false;

   // Parse STARTED and DONE lines.
   size_t ExpectedStartMarker = 0;
   const size_t kInvalidStartMarker = -1;
   size_t LastSeenStartMarker = kInvalidStartMarker;
   std::vector<uint32_t> TmpFeatures;
   while (std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) {
     std::istringstream ISS1(Line);
     std::string Marker;
     size_t N;
     ISS1 >> Marker;
     ISS1 >> N;
     if (Marker == "STARTED") {
       // STARTED FILE_ID FILE_SIZE
       if (ExpectedStartMarker != N)
         return false;
       ISS1 >> Files[ExpectedStartMarker].Size;
       LastSeenStartMarker = ExpectedStartMarker;
       assert(ExpectedStartMarker < Files.size());
       ExpectedStartMarker++;
     } else if (Marker == "DONE") {
       // DONE FILE_ID COV1 COV2 COV3 ...
       size_t CurrentFileIdx = N;
       if (CurrentFileIdx != LastSeenStartMarker)
         return false;
       LastSeenStartMarker = kInvalidStartMarker;
       if (ParseCoverage) {
         TmpFeatures.clear();  // use a vector from outer scope to avoid resizes.
         while (ISS1 >> std::hex >> N)
           TmpFeatures.push_back(N);
         std::sort(TmpFeatures.begin(), TmpFeatures.end());
         Files[CurrentFileIdx].Features = TmpFeatures;
       }
     } else {
       return false;
     }
   }
   if (LastSeenStartMarker != kInvalidStartMarker)
     LastFailure = Files[LastSeenStartMarker].Name;

   FirstNotProcessedFile = ExpectedStartMarker;
   return true;
 }

 size_t Merger::ApproximateMemoryConsumption() const  {
   size_t Res = 0;
   for (const auto &F: Files)
     Res += sizeof(F) + F.Features.size() * sizeof(F.Features[0]);
   return Res;
 }

 // Decides which files need to be merged (add thost to NewFiles).
 // Returns the number of new features added.
 size_t Merger::Merge(const std::set<uint32_t> &InitialFeatures,
                      std::vector<std::string> *NewFiles) {
   NewFiles->clear();
   assert(NumFilesInFirstCorpus <= Files.size());
   std::set<uint32_t> AllFeatures(InitialFeatures);

   // What features are in the initial corpus?
   for (size_t i = 0; i < NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i++) {
     auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
     AllFeatures.insert(Cur.begin(), Cur.end());
   }
   size_t InitialNumFeatures = AllFeatures.size();

   // Remove all features that we already know from all other inputs.
   for (size_t i = NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i < Files.size(); i++) {
     auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
     std::vector<uint32_t> Tmp;
     std::set_difference(Cur.begin(), Cur.end(), AllFeatures.begin(),
                         AllFeatures.end(), std::inserter(Tmp, Tmp.begin()));
     Cur.swap(Tmp);
   }

   // Sort. Give preference to
   //   * smaller files
   //   * files with more features.
   std::sort(Files.begin() + NumFilesInFirstCorpus, Files.end(),
             [&](const MergeFileInfo &a, const MergeFileInfo &b) -> bool {
               if (a.Size != b.Size)
                 return a.Size < b.Size;
               return a.Features.size() > b.Features.size();
             });

   // One greedy pass: add the file's features to AllFeatures.
   // If new features were added, add this file to NewFiles.
   for (size_t i = NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i < Files.size(); i++) {
     auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
     // Printf("%s -> sz %zd ft %zd\n", Files[i].Name.c_str(),
     //       Files[i].Size, Cur.size());
     size_t OldSize = AllFeatures.size();
     AllFeatures.insert(Cur.begin(), Cur.end());
     if (AllFeatures.size() > OldSize)
       NewFiles->push_back(Files[i].Name);
   }
   return AllFeatures.size() - InitialNumFeatures;
 }

 void Merger::PrintSummary(std::ostream &OS) {
   for (auto &File : Files) {
     OS << std::hex;
     OS << File.Name << " size: " << File.Size << " features: ";
     for (auto Feature : File.Features)
       OS << " " << Feature;
     OS << "\n";
   }
 }

 std::set<uint32_t> Merger::AllFeatures() const {
   std::set<uint32_t> S;
   for (auto &File : Files)
     S.insert(File.Features.begin(), File.Features.end());
   return S;
 }

 std::set<uint32_t> Merger::ParseSummary(std::istream &IS) {
   std::string Line, Tmp;
   std::set<uint32_t> Res;
   while (std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) {
     size_t N;
     std::istringstream ISS1(Line);
     ISS1 >> Tmp;  // Name
     ISS1 >> Tmp;  // size:
     assert(Tmp == "size:" && "Corrupt summary file");
     ISS1 >> std::hex;
     ISS1 >> N;    // File Size
     ISS1 >> Tmp;  // features:
     assert(Tmp == "features:" && "Corrupt summary file");
     while (ISS1 >> std::hex >> N)
       Res.insert(N);
   }
   return Res;
 }

 // Inner process. May crash if the target crashes.
 void Fuzzer::CrashResistantMergeInternalStep(const std::string &CFPath) {
   Printf("MERGE-INNER: using the control file '%s'\n", CFPath.c_str());
   Merger M;
   std::ifstream IF(CFPath);
   M.ParseOrExit(IF, false);
   IF.close();
   if (!M.LastFailure.empty())
     Printf("MERGE-INNER: '%s' caused a failure at the previous merge step\n",
            M.LastFailure.c_str());

   Printf("MERGE-INNER: %zd total files;"
          " %zd processed earlier; will process %zd files now\n",
          M.Files.size(), M.FirstNotProcessedFile,
          M.Files.size() - M.FirstNotProcessedFile);

   std::ofstream OF(CFPath, std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::app);
   for (size_t i = M.FirstNotProcessedFile; i < M.Files.size(); i++) {
     auto U = FileToVector(M.Files[i].Name);
     if (U.size() > MaxInputLen) {
       U.resize(MaxInputLen);
       U.shrink_to_fit();
     }
     std::ostringstream StartedLine;
     // Write the pre-run marker.
     OF << "STARTED " << std::dec << i << " " << U.size() << "\n";
     OF.flush();  // Flush is important since ExecuteCommand may crash.
     // Run.
     TPC.ResetMaps();
     ExecuteCallback(U.data(), U.size());
     // Collect coverage.
     std::set<size_t> Features;
     TPC.CollectFeatures([&](size_t Feature) -> bool {
       Features.insert(Feature);
       return true;
     });
     // Show stats.
     if (!(TotalNumberOfRuns & (TotalNumberOfRuns - 1)))
       PrintStats("pulse ");
     // Write the post-run marker and the coverage.
     OF << "DONE " << i;
     for (size_t F : Features)
       OF << " " << std::hex << F;
     OF << "\n";
   }
 }

 // Outer process. Does not call the target code and thus sohuld not fail.
 void Fuzzer::CrashResistantMerge(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
                                  const std::vector<std::string> &Corpora,
                                  const char *CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull,
                                  const char *CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull) {
   if (Corpora.size() <= 1) {
     Printf("Merge requires two or more corpus dirs\n");
     return;
   }
   std::vector<std::string> AllFiles;
   ListFilesInDirRecursive(Corpora[0], nullptr, &AllFiles, /*TopDir*/true);
   size_t NumFilesInFirstCorpus = AllFiles.size();
   for (size_t i = 1; i < Corpora.size(); i++)
     ListFilesInDirRecursive(Corpora[i], nullptr, &AllFiles, /*TopDir*/true);
   Printf("MERGE-OUTER: %zd files, %zd in the initial corpus\n",
          AllFiles.size(), NumFilesInFirstCorpus);
   auto CFPath = DirPlusFile(TmpDir(),
                        "libFuzzerTemp." + std::to_string(GetPid()) + ".txt");
   // Write the control file.
   RemoveFile(CFPath);
   std::ofstream ControlFile(CFPath);
   ControlFile << AllFiles.size() << "\n";
   ControlFile << NumFilesInFirstCorpus << "\n";
   for (auto &Path: AllFiles)
     ControlFile << Path << "\n";
   if (!ControlFile) {
     Printf("MERGE-OUTER: failed to write to the control file: %s\n",
            CFPath.c_str());
     exit(1);
   }
   ControlFile.close();

   // Execute the inner process untill it passes.
   // Every inner process should execute at least one input.
   auto BaseCmd = SplitBefore("-ignore_remaining_args=1",
                              CloneArgsWithoutX(Args, "keep-all-flags"));
   bool Success = false;
   for (size_t i = 1; i <= AllFiles.size(); i++) {
     Printf("MERGE-OUTER: attempt %zd\n", i);
     auto ExitCode = ExecuteCommand(BaseCmd.first + " -merge_control_file=" +
                                    CFPath + " " + BaseCmd.second);
     if (!ExitCode) {
       Printf("MERGE-OUTER: succesfull in %zd attempt(s)\n", i);
       Success = true;
       break;
     }
   }
   if (!Success) {
     Printf("MERGE-OUTER: zero succesfull attempts, exiting\n");
     exit(1);
   }
   // Read the control file and do the merge.
   Merger M;
   std::ifstream IF(CFPath);
   IF.seekg(0, IF.end);
   Printf("MERGE-OUTER: the control file has %zd bytes\n", (size_t)IF.tellg());
   IF.seekg(0, IF.beg);
   M.ParseOrExit(IF, true);
   IF.close();
   Printf("MERGE-OUTER: consumed %zdMb (%zdMb rss) to parse the control file\n",
          M.ApproximateMemoryConsumption() >> 20, GetPeakRSSMb());
   if (CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull) {
     Printf("MERGE-OUTER: writing coverage summary for %zd files to %s\n",
            M.Files.size(), CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull);
     std::ofstream SummaryOut(CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull);
     M.PrintSummary(SummaryOut);
   }
   std::vector<std::string> NewFiles;
   std::set<uint32_t> InitialFeatures;
   if (CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull) {
     std::ifstream SummaryIn(CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull);
     InitialFeatures = M.ParseSummary(SummaryIn);
     Printf("MERGE-OUTER: coverage summary loaded from %s, %zd features found\n",
            CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull, InitialFeatures.size());
   }
   size_t NumNewFeatures = M.Merge(InitialFeatures, &NewFiles);
   Printf("MERGE-OUTER: %zd new files with %zd new features added\n",
          NewFiles.size(), NumNewFeatures);
   for (auto &F: NewFiles)
     WriteToOutputCorpus(FileToVector(F));
   // We are done, delete the control file.
   RemoveFile(CFPath);
 }

 } // namespace fuzzer
	//===- FuzzerMerge.cpp - merging corpora ----------------------------------===//
	//
	// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
	//
	// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
	// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
	//
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
	// Merging corpora.
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

	#include "FuzzerMerge.h"
	#include "FuzzerIO.h"
	#include "FuzzerInternal.h"
	#include "FuzzerTracePC.h"
	#include "FuzzerUtil.h"

	#include <fstream>
	#include <iterator>
	#include <set>
	#include <sstream>

	namespace fuzzer {

	bool Merger::Parse(const std::string &Str, bool ParseCoverage) {
	std::istringstream SS(Str);
	return Parse(SS, ParseCoverage);
	}

	void Merger::ParseOrExit(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage) {
	if (!Parse(IS, ParseCoverage)) {
	Printf("MERGE: failed to parse the control file (unexpected error)\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	}

	// The control file example:
	//
	// 3 # The number of inputs
	// 1 # The number of inputs in the first corpus, <= the previous number
	// file0
	// file1
	// file2 # One file name per line.
	// STARTED 0 123 # FileID, file size
	// DONE 0 1 4 6 8 # FileID COV1 COV2 ...
	// STARTED 1 456 # If DONE is missing, the input crashed while processing.
	// STARTED 2 567
	// DONE 2 8 9
	bool Merger::Parse(std::istream &IS, bool ParseCoverage) {
	LastFailure.clear();
	std::string Line;

	// Parse NumFiles.
	if (!std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) return false;
	std::istringstream L1(Line);
	size_t NumFiles = 0;
	L1 >> NumFiles;
	if (NumFiles == 0 \|\| NumFiles > 10000000) return false;

	// Parse NumFilesInFirstCorpus.
	if (!std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) return false;
	std::istringstream L2(Line);
	NumFilesInFirstCorpus = NumFiles + 1;
	L2 >> NumFilesInFirstCorpus;
	if (NumFilesInFirstCorpus > NumFiles) return false;

	// Parse file names.
	Files.resize(NumFiles);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < NumFiles; i++)
	if (!std::getline(IS, Files[i].Name, '\n'))
	return false;

	// Parse STARTED and DONE lines.
	size_t ExpectedStartMarker = 0;
	const size_t kInvalidStartMarker = -1;
	size_t LastSeenStartMarker = kInvalidStartMarker;
	std::vector<uint32_t> TmpFeatures;
	while (std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) {
	std::istringstream ISS1(Line);
	std::string Marker;
	size_t N;
	ISS1 >> Marker;
	ISS1 >> N;
	if (Marker == "STARTED") {
	// STARTED FILE_ID FILE_SIZE
	if (ExpectedStartMarker != N)
	return false;
	ISS1 >> Files[ExpectedStartMarker].Size;
	LastSeenStartMarker = ExpectedStartMarker;
	assert(ExpectedStartMarker < Files.size());
	ExpectedStartMarker++;
	} else if (Marker == "DONE") {
	// DONE FILE_ID COV1 COV2 COV3 ...
	size_t CurrentFileIdx = N;
	if (CurrentFileIdx != LastSeenStartMarker)
	return false;
	LastSeenStartMarker = kInvalidStartMarker;
	if (ParseCoverage) {
	TmpFeatures.clear(); // use a vector from outer scope to avoid resizes.
	while (ISS1 >> std::hex >> N)
	TmpFeatures.push_back(N);
	std::sort(TmpFeatures.begin(), TmpFeatures.end());
	Files[CurrentFileIdx].Features = TmpFeatures;
	}
	} else {
	return false;
	}
	}
	if (LastSeenStartMarker != kInvalidStartMarker)
	LastFailure = Files[LastSeenStartMarker].Name;

	FirstNotProcessedFile = ExpectedStartMarker;
	return true;
	}

	size_t Merger::ApproximateMemoryConsumption() const {
	size_t Res = 0;
	for (const auto &F: Files)
	Res += sizeof(F) + F.Features.size() * sizeof(F.Features[0]);
	return Res;
	}

	// Decides which files need to be merged (add thost to NewFiles).
	// Returns the number of new features added.
	size_t Merger::Merge(const std::set<uint32_t> &InitialFeatures,
	std::vector<std::string> *NewFiles) {
	NewFiles->clear();
	assert(NumFilesInFirstCorpus <= Files.size());
	std::set<uint32_t> AllFeatures(InitialFeatures);

	// What features are in the initial corpus?
	for (size_t i = 0; i < NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i++) {
	auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
	AllFeatures.insert(Cur.begin(), Cur.end());
	}
	size_t InitialNumFeatures = AllFeatures.size();

	// Remove all features that we already know from all other inputs.
	for (size_t i = NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i < Files.size(); i++) {
	auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
	std::vector<uint32_t> Tmp;
	std::set_difference(Cur.begin(), Cur.end(), AllFeatures.begin(),
	AllFeatures.end(), std::inserter(Tmp, Tmp.begin()));
	Cur.swap(Tmp);
	}

	// Sort. Give preference to
	// * smaller files
	// * files with more features.
	std::sort(Files.begin() + NumFilesInFirstCorpus, Files.end(),
	[&](const MergeFileInfo &a, const MergeFileInfo &b) -> bool {
	if (a.Size != b.Size)
	return a.Size < b.Size;
	return a.Features.size() > b.Features.size();
	});

	// One greedy pass: add the file's features to AllFeatures.
	// If new features were added, add this file to NewFiles.
	for (size_t i = NumFilesInFirstCorpus; i < Files.size(); i++) {
	auto &Cur = Files[i].Features;
	// Printf("%s -> sz %zd ft %zd\n", Files[i].Name.c_str(),
	// Files[i].Size, Cur.size());
	size_t OldSize = AllFeatures.size();
	AllFeatures.insert(Cur.begin(), Cur.end());
	if (AllFeatures.size() > OldSize)
	NewFiles->push_back(Files[i].Name);
	}
	return AllFeatures.size() - InitialNumFeatures;
	}

	void Merger::PrintSummary(std::ostream &OS) {
	for (auto &File : Files) {
	OS << std::hex;
	OS << File.Name << " size: " << File.Size << " features: ";
	for (auto Feature : File.Features)
	OS << " " << Feature;
	OS << "\n";
	}
	}

	std::set<uint32_t> Merger::AllFeatures() const {
	std::set<uint32_t> S;
	for (auto &File : Files)
	S.insert(File.Features.begin(), File.Features.end());
	return S;
	}

	std::set<uint32_t> Merger::ParseSummary(std::istream &IS) {
	std::string Line, Tmp;
	std::set<uint32_t> Res;
	while (std::getline(IS, Line, '\n')) {
	size_t N;
	std::istringstream ISS1(Line);
	ISS1 >> Tmp; // Name
	ISS1 >> Tmp; // size:
	assert(Tmp == "size:" && "Corrupt summary file");
	ISS1 >> std::hex;
	ISS1 >> N; // File Size
	ISS1 >> Tmp; // features:
	assert(Tmp == "features:" && "Corrupt summary file");
	while (ISS1 >> std::hex >> N)
	Res.insert(N);
	}
	return Res;
	}

	// Inner process. May crash if the target crashes.
	void Fuzzer::CrashResistantMergeInternalStep(const std::string &CFPath) {
	Printf("MERGE-INNER: using the control file '%s'\n", CFPath.c_str());
	Merger M;
	std::ifstream IF(CFPath);
	M.ParseOrExit(IF, false);
	IF.close();
	if (!M.LastFailure.empty())
	Printf("MERGE-INNER: '%s' caused a failure at the previous merge step\n",
	M.LastFailure.c_str());

	Printf("MERGE-INNER: %zd total files;"
	" %zd processed earlier; will process %zd files now\n",
	M.Files.size(), M.FirstNotProcessedFile,
	M.Files.size() - M.FirstNotProcessedFile);

	std::ofstream OF(CFPath, std::ofstream::out \| std::ofstream::app);
	for (size_t i = M.FirstNotProcessedFile; i < M.Files.size(); i++) {
	auto U = FileToVector(M.Files[i].Name);
	if (U.size() > MaxInputLen) {
	U.resize(MaxInputLen);
	U.shrink_to_fit();
	}
	std::ostringstream StartedLine;
	// Write the pre-run marker.
	OF << "STARTED " << std::dec << i << " " << U.size() << "\n";
	OF.flush(); // Flush is important since ExecuteCommand may crash.
	// Run.
	TPC.ResetMaps();
	ExecuteCallback(U.data(), U.size());
	// Collect coverage.
	std::set<size_t> Features;
	TPC.CollectFeatures([&](size_t Feature) -> bool {
	Features.insert(Feature);
	return true;
	});
	// Show stats.
	if (!(TotalNumberOfRuns & (TotalNumberOfRuns - 1)))
	PrintStats("pulse ");
	// Write the post-run marker and the coverage.
	OF << "DONE " << i;
	for (size_t F : Features)
	OF << " " << std::hex << F;
	OF << "\n";
	}
	}

	// Outer process. Does not call the target code and thus sohuld not fail.
	void Fuzzer::CrashResistantMerge(const std::vector<std::string> &Args,
	const std::vector<std::string> &Corpora,
	const char *CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull,
	const char *CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull) {
	if (Corpora.size() <= 1) {
	Printf("Merge requires two or more corpus dirs\n");
	return;
	}
	std::vector<std::string> AllFiles;
	ListFilesInDirRecursive(Corpora[0], nullptr, &AllFiles, /TopDir/true);
	size_t NumFilesInFirstCorpus = AllFiles.size();
	for (size_t i = 1; i < Corpora.size(); i++)
	ListFilesInDirRecursive(Corpora[i], nullptr, &AllFiles, /TopDir/true);
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: %zd files, %zd in the initial corpus\n",
	AllFiles.size(), NumFilesInFirstCorpus);
	auto CFPath = DirPlusFile(TmpDir(),
	"libFuzzerTemp." + std::to_string(GetPid()) + ".txt");
	// Write the control file.
	RemoveFile(CFPath);
	std::ofstream ControlFile(CFPath);
	ControlFile << AllFiles.size() << "\n";
	ControlFile << NumFilesInFirstCorpus << "\n";
	for (auto &Path: AllFiles)
	ControlFile << Path << "\n";
	if (!ControlFile) {
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: failed to write to the control file: %s\n",
	CFPath.c_str());
	exit(1);
	}
	ControlFile.close();

	// Execute the inner process untill it passes.
	// Every inner process should execute at least one input.
	auto BaseCmd = SplitBefore("-ignore_remaining_args=1",
	CloneArgsWithoutX(Args, "keep-all-flags"));
	bool Success = false;
	for (size_t i = 1; i <= AllFiles.size(); i++) {
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: attempt %zd\n", i);
	auto ExitCode = ExecuteCommand(BaseCmd.first + " -merge_control_file=" +
	CFPath + " " + BaseCmd.second);
	if (!ExitCode) {
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: succesfull in %zd attempt(s)\n", i);
	Success = true;
	break;
	}
	}
	if (!Success) {
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: zero succesfull attempts, exiting\n");
	exit(1);
	}
	// Read the control file and do the merge.
	Merger M;
	std::ifstream IF(CFPath);
	IF.seekg(0, IF.end);
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: the control file has %zd bytes\n", (size_t)IF.tellg());
	IF.seekg(0, IF.beg);
	M.ParseOrExit(IF, true);
	IF.close();
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: consumed %zdMb (%zdMb rss) to parse the control file\n",
	M.ApproximateMemoryConsumption() >> 20, GetPeakRSSMb());
	if (CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull) {
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: writing coverage summary for %zd files to %s\n",
	M.Files.size(), CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull);
	std::ofstream SummaryOut(CoverageSummaryOutputPathOrNull);
	M.PrintSummary(SummaryOut);
	}
	std::vector<std::string> NewFiles;
	std::set<uint32_t> InitialFeatures;
	if (CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull) {
	std::ifstream SummaryIn(CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull);
	InitialFeatures = M.ParseSummary(SummaryIn);
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: coverage summary loaded from %s, %zd features found\n",
	CoverageSummaryInputPathOrNull, InitialFeatures.size());
	}
	size_t NumNewFeatures = M.Merge(InitialFeatures, &NewFiles);
	Printf("MERGE-OUTER: %zd new files with %zd new features added\n",
	NewFiles.size(), NumNewFeatures);
	for (auto &F: NewFiles)
	WriteToOutputCorpus(FileToVector(F));
	// We are done, delete the control file.
	RemoveFile(CFPath);
	}

	} // namespace fuzzer