chrome/renderer/resources/offline.js

// Copyright (c) 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
(function() {
'use strict';
/**
 * T-Rex runner.
 * @param {string} outerContainerId Outer containing element id.
 * @param {Object} opt_config
 * @constructor
 * @export
 */
function Runner(outerContainerId, opt_config) {
  // Singleton
  if (Runner.instance_) {
    return Runner.instance_;
  }
  Runner.instance_ = this;

  this.outerContainerEl = document.querySelector(outerContainerId);
  this.containerEl = null;
  this.snackbarEl = null;
  this.detailsButton = this.outerContainerEl.querySelector('#details-button');

  this.config = opt_config || Runner.config;

  this.dimensions = Runner.defaultDimensions;

  this.canvas = null;
  this.canvasCtx = null;

  this.tRex = null;

  this.distanceMeter = null;
  this.distanceRan = 0;

  this.highestScore = 0;

  this.time = 0;
  this.runningTime = 0;
  this.msPerFrame = 1000 / FPS;
  this.currentSpeed = this.config.SPEED;

  this.obstacles = [];

  this.started = false;
  this.activated = false;
  this.crashed = false;
  this.paused = false;

  this.resizeTimerId_ = null;

  this.playCount = 0;

  // Sound FX.
  this.audioBuffer = null;
  this.soundFx = {};

  // Global web audio context for playing sounds.
  this.audioContext = null;

  // Images.
  this.images = {};
  this.imagesLoaded = 0;

  if (this.isDisabled()) {
    this.setupDisabledRunner();
  } else {
    this.loadImages();
  }
}
window['Runner'] = Runner;


/**
 * Default game width.
 * @const
 */
var DEFAULT_WIDTH = 600;

/**
 * Frames per second.
 * @const
 */
var FPS = 60;

/** @const */
var IS_HIDPI = window.devicePixelRatio > 1;

/** @const */
var IS_IOS = window.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('CriOS') > -1 ||
    window.navigator.userAgent == 'UIWebViewForStaticFileContent';

/** @const */
var IS_MOBILE = window.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Mobi') > -1 || IS_IOS;

/** @const */
var IS_TOUCH_ENABLED = 'ontouchstart' in window;

/**
 * Default game configuration.
 * @enum {number}
 */
Runner.config = {
  ACCELERATION: 0.001,
  BG_CLOUD_SPEED: 0.2,
  BOTTOM_PAD: 10,
  CLEAR_TIME: 3000,
  CLOUD_FREQUENCY: 0.5,
  GAMEOVER_CLEAR_TIME: 750,
  GAP_COEFFICIENT: 0.6,
  GRAVITY: 0.6,
  INITIAL_JUMP_VELOCITY: 12,
  MAX_CLOUDS: 6,
  MAX_OBSTACLE_LENGTH: 3,
  MAX_OBSTACLE_DUPLICATION: 2,
  MAX_SPEED: 13,
  MIN_JUMP_HEIGHT: 35,
  MOBILE_SPEED_COEFFICIENT: 1.2,
  RESOURCE_TEMPLATE_ID: 'audio-resources',
  SPEED: 6,
  SPEED_DROP_COEFFICIENT: 3
};


/**
 * Default dimensions.
 * @enum {string}
 */
Runner.defaultDimensions = {
  WIDTH: DEFAULT_WIDTH,
  HEIGHT: 150
};


/**
 * CSS class names.
 * @enum {string}
 */
Runner.classes = {
  CANVAS: 'runner-canvas',
  CONTAINER: 'runner-container',
  CRASHED: 'crashed',
  ICON: 'icon-offline',
  SNACKBAR: 'snackbar',
  SNACKBAR_SHOW: 'snackbar-show',
  TOUCH_CONTROLLER: 'controller'
};


/**
 * Sprite definition layout of the spritesheet.
 * @enum {Object}
 */
Runner.spriteDefinition = {
  LDPI: {
    CACTUS_LARGE: {x: 332, y: 2},
    CACTUS_SMALL: {x: 228, y: 2},
    CLOUD: {x: 86, y: 2},
    HORIZON: {x: 2, y: 54},
    PTERODACTYL: {x: 134, y: 2},
    RESTART: {x: 2, y: 2},
    TEXT_SPRITE: {x: 484, y: 2},
    TREX: {x: 677, y: 2}
  },
  HDPI: {
    CACTUS_LARGE: {x: 652,y: 2},
    CACTUS_SMALL: {x: 446,y: 2},
    CLOUD: {x: 166,y: 2},
    HORIZON: {x: 2,y: 104},
    PTERODACTYL: {x: 260,y: 2},
    RESTART: {x: 2,y: 2},
    TEXT_SPRITE: {x: 954,y: 2},
    TREX: {x: 1338,y: 2}
  }
};


/**
 * Sound FX. Reference to the ID of the audio tag on interstitial page.
 * @enum {string}
 */
Runner.sounds = {
  BUTTON_PRESS: 'offline-sound-press',
  HIT: 'offline-sound-hit',
  SCORE: 'offline-sound-reached'
};


/**
 * Key code mapping.
 * @enum {Object}
 */
Runner.keycodes = {
  JUMP: {'38': 1, '32': 1},  // Up, spacebar
  DUCK: {'40': 1},  // Down
  RESTART: {'13': 1}  // Enter
};


/**
 * Runner event names.
 * @enum {string}
 */
Runner.events = {
  ANIM_END: 'webkitAnimationEnd',
  CLICK: 'click',
  KEYDOWN: 'keydown',
  KEYUP: 'keyup',
  MOUSEDOWN: 'mousedown',
  MOUSEUP: 'mouseup',
  RESIZE: 'resize',
  TOUCHEND: 'touchend',
  TOUCHSTART: 'touchstart',
  VISIBILITY: 'visibilitychange',
  BLUR: 'blur',
  FOCUS: 'focus',
  LOAD: 'load'
};


Runner.prototype = {
  /**
   * Whether the easter egg has been disabled. CrOS enterprise enrolled devices.
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  isDisabled: function() {
    return loadTimeData && loadTimeData.valueExists('disabledEasterEgg');
  },

  /**
   * For disabled instances, set up a snackbar with the disabled message.
   */
  setupDisabledRunner: function() {
    this.containerEl = document.createElement('div');
    this.containerEl.className = Runner.classes.SNACKBAR;
    this.containerEl.textContent = loadTimeData.getValue('disabledEasterEgg');
    this.outerContainerEl.appendChild(this.containerEl);

    // Show notification when the activation key is pressed.
    document.addEventListener(Runner.events.KEYDOWN, function(e) {
      if (Runner.keycodes.JUMP[e.keyCode]) {
        this.containerEl.classList.add(Runner.classes.SNACKBAR_SHOW);
        document.querySelector('.icon').classList.add('icon-disabled');
      }
    }.bind(this));
  },

  /**
   * Setting individual settings for debugging.
   * @param {string} setting
   * @param {*} value
   */
  updateConfigSetting: function(setting, value) {
    if (setting in this.config && value != undefined) {
      this.config[setting] = value;

      switch (setting) {
        case 'GRAVITY':
        case 'MIN_JUMP_HEIGHT':
        case 'SPEED_DROP_COEFFICIENT':
          this.tRex.config[setting] = value;
          break;
        case 'INITIAL_JUMP_VELOCITY':
          this.tRex.setJumpVelocity(value);
          break;
        case 'SPEED':
          this.setSpeed(value);
          break;
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Cache the appropriate image sprite from the page and get the sprite sheet
   * definition.
   */
  loadImages: function() {
    if (IS_HIDPI) {
      Runner.imageSprite = document.getElementById('offline-resources-2x');
      this.spriteDef = Runner.spriteDefinition.HDPI;
    } else {
      Runner.imageSprite = document.getElementById('offline-resources-1x');
      this.spriteDef = Runner.spriteDefinition.LDPI;
    }

    this.init();
  },

  /**
   * Load and decode base 64 encoded sounds.
   */
  loadSounds: function() {
    if (!IS_IOS) {
      this.audioContext = new AudioContext();

      var resourceTemplate =
          document.getElementById(this.config.RESOURCE_TEMPLATE_ID).content;

      for (var sound in Runner.sounds) {
        var soundSrc =
            resourceTemplate.getElementById(Runner.sounds[sound]).src;
        soundSrc = soundSrc.substr(soundSrc.indexOf(',') + 1);
        var buffer = decodeBase64ToArrayBuffer(soundSrc);

        // Async, so no guarantee of order in array.
        this.audioContext.decodeAudioData(buffer, function(index, audioData) {
            this.soundFx[index] = audioData;
          }.bind(this, sound));
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Sets the game speed. Adjust the speed accordingly if on a smaller screen.
   * @param {number} opt_speed
   */
  setSpeed: function(opt_speed) {
    var speed = opt_speed || this.currentSpeed;

    // Reduce the speed on smaller mobile screens.
    if (this.dimensions.WIDTH < DEFAULT_WIDTH) {
      var mobileSpeed = speed * this.dimensions.WIDTH / DEFAULT_WIDTH *
          this.config.MOBILE_SPEED_COEFFICIENT;
      this.currentSpeed = mobileSpeed > speed ? speed : mobileSpeed;
    } else if (opt_speed) {
      this.currentSpeed = opt_speed;
    }
  },

  /**
   * Game initialiser.
   */
  init: function() {
    // Hide the static icon.
    document.querySelector('.' + Runner.classes.ICON).style.visibility =
        'hidden';

    this.adjustDimensions();
    this.setSpeed();

    this.containerEl = document.createElement('div');
    this.containerEl.className = Runner.classes.CONTAINER;

    // Player canvas container.
    this.canvas = createCanvas(this.containerEl, this.dimensions.WIDTH,
        this.dimensions.HEIGHT, Runner.classes.PLAYER);

    this.canvasCtx = this.canvas.getContext('2d');
    this.canvasCtx.fillStyle = '#f7f7f7';
    this.canvasCtx.fill();
    Runner.updateCanvasScaling(this.canvas);

    // Horizon contains clouds, obstacles and the ground.
    this.horizon = new Horizon(this.canvas, this.spriteDef, this.dimensions,
        this.config.GAP_COEFFICIENT);

    // Distance meter
    this.distanceMeter = new DistanceMeter(this.canvas,
          this.spriteDef.TEXT_SPRITE, this.dimensions.WIDTH);

    // Draw t-rex
    this.tRex = new Trex(this.canvas, this.spriteDef.TREX);

    this.outerContainerEl.appendChild(this.containerEl);

    if (IS_MOBILE) {
      this.createTouchController();
    }

    this.startListening();
    this.update();

    window.addEventListener(Runner.events.RESIZE,
        this.debounceResize.bind(this));
  },

  /**
   * Create the touch controller. A div that covers whole screen.
   */
  createTouchController: function() {
    this.touchController = document.createElement('div');
    this.touchController.className = Runner.classes.TOUCH_CONTROLLER;
  },

  /**
   * Debounce the resize event.
   */
  debounceResize: function() {
    if (!this.resizeTimerId_) {
      this.resizeTimerId_ =
          setInterval(this.adjustDimensions.bind(this), 250);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Adjust game space dimensions on resize.
   */
  adjustDimensions: function() {
    clearInterval(this.resizeTimerId_);
    this.resizeTimerId_ = null;

    var boxStyles = window.getComputedStyle(this.outerContainerEl);
    var padding = Number(boxStyles.paddingLeft.substr(0,
        boxStyles.paddingLeft.length - 2));

    this.dimensions.WIDTH = this.outerContainerEl.offsetWidth - padding * 2;

    // Redraw the elements back onto the canvas.
    if (this.canvas) {
      this.canvas.width = this.dimensions.WIDTH;
      this.canvas.height = this.dimensions.HEIGHT;

      Runner.updateCanvasScaling(this.canvas);

      this.distanceMeter.calcXPos(this.dimensions.WIDTH);
      this.clearCanvas();
      this.horizon.update(0, 0, true);
      this.tRex.update(0);

      // Outer container and distance meter.
      if (this.activated || this.crashed || this.paused) {
        this.containerEl.style.width = this.dimensions.WIDTH + 'px';
        this.containerEl.style.height = this.dimensions.HEIGHT + 'px';
        this.distanceMeter.update(0, Math.ceil(this.distanceRan));
        this.stop();
      } else {
        this.tRex.draw(0, 0);
      }

      // Game over panel.
      if (this.crashed && this.gameOverPanel) {
        this.gameOverPanel.updateDimensions(this.dimensions.WIDTH);
        this.gameOverPanel.draw();
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Play the game intro.
   * Canvas container width expands out to the full width.
   */
  playIntro: function() {
    if (!this.started && !this.crashed) {
      this.playingIntro = true;
      this.tRex.playingIntro = true;

      // CSS animation definition.
      var keyframes = '@-webkit-keyframes intro { ' +
            'from { width:' + Trex.config.WIDTH + 'px }' +
            'to { width: ' + this.dimensions.WIDTH + 'px }' +
          '}';
      document.styleSheets[0].insertRule(keyframes, 0);

      this.containerEl.addEventListener(Runner.events.ANIM_END,
          this.startGame.bind(this));

      this.containerEl.style.webkitAnimation = 'intro .4s ease-out 1 both';
      this.containerEl.style.width = this.dimensions.WIDTH + 'px';

      if (this.touchController) {
        this.outerContainerEl.appendChild(this.touchController);
      }
      this.activated = true;
      this.started = true;
    } else if (this.crashed) {
      this.restart();
    }
  },


  /**
   * Update the game status to started.
   */
  startGame: function() {
    this.runningTime = 0;
    this.playingIntro = false;
    this.tRex.playingIntro = false;
    this.containerEl.style.webkitAnimation = '';
    this.playCount++;

    // Handle tabbing off the page. Pause the current game.
    document.addEventListener(Runner.events.VISIBILITY,
          this.onVisibilityChange.bind(this));

    window.addEventListener(Runner.events.BLUR,
          this.onVisibilityChange.bind(this));

    window.addEventListener(Runner.events.FOCUS,
          this.onVisibilityChange.bind(this));
  },

  clearCanvas: function() {
    this.canvasCtx.clearRect(0, 0, this.dimensions.WIDTH,
        this.dimensions.HEIGHT);
  },

  /**
   * Update the game frame.
   */
  update: function() {
    this.drawPending = false;

    var now = getTimeStamp();
    var deltaTime = now - (this.time || now);
    this.time = now;

    if (this.activated) {
      this.clearCanvas();

      if (this.tRex.jumping) {
        this.tRex.updateJump(deltaTime);
      }

      this.runningTime += deltaTime;
      var hasObstacles = this.runningTime > this.config.CLEAR_TIME;

      // First jump triggers the intro.
      if (this.tRex.jumpCount == 1 && !this.playingIntro) {
        this.playIntro();
      }

      // The horizon doesn't move until the intro is over.
      if (this.playingIntro) {
        this.horizon.update(0, this.currentSpeed, hasObstacles);
      } else {
        deltaTime = !this.started ? 0 : deltaTime;
        this.horizon.update(deltaTime, this.currentSpeed, hasObstacles);
      }

      // Check for collisions.
      var collision = hasObstacles &&
          checkForCollision(this.horizon.obstacles[0], this.tRex);

      if (!collision) {
        this.distanceRan += this.currentSpeed * deltaTime / this.msPerFrame;

        if (this.currentSpeed < this.config.MAX_SPEED) {
          this.currentSpeed += this.config.ACCELERATION;
        }
      } else {
        this.gameOver();
      }

      var playAcheivementSound = this.distanceMeter.update(deltaTime,
          Math.ceil(this.distanceRan));

      if (playAcheivementSound) {
        this.playSound(this.soundFx.SCORE);
      }
    }

    if (!this.crashed) {
      this.tRex.update(deltaTime);
      this.raq();
    }
  },

  /**
   * Event handler.
   */
  handleEvent: function(e) {
    return (function(evtType, events) {
      switch (evtType) {
        case events.KEYDOWN:
        case events.TOUCHSTART:
        case events.MOUSEDOWN:
          this.onKeyDown(e);
          break;
        case events.KEYUP:
        case events.TOUCHEND:
        case events.MOUSEUP:
          this.onKeyUp(e);
          break;
      }
    }.bind(this))(e.type, Runner.events);
  },

  /**
   * Bind relevant key / mouse / touch listeners.
   */
  startListening: function() {
    // Keys.
    document.addEventListener(Runner.events.KEYDOWN, this);
    document.addEventListener(Runner.events.KEYUP, this);

    if (IS_MOBILE) {
      // Mobile only touch devices.
      this.touchController.addEventListener(Runner.events.TOUCHSTART, this);
      this.touchController.addEventListener(Runner.events.TOUCHEND, this);
      this.containerEl.addEventListener(Runner.events.TOUCHSTART, this);
    } else {
      // Mouse.
      document.addEventListener(Runner.events.MOUSEDOWN, this);
      document.addEventListener(Runner.events.MOUSEUP, this);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Remove all listeners.
   */
  stopListening: function() {
    document.removeEventListener(Runner.events.KEYDOWN, this);
    document.removeEventListener(Runner.events.KEYUP, this);

    if (IS_MOBILE) {
      this.touchController.removeEventListener(Runner.events.TOUCHSTART, this);
      this.touchController.removeEventListener(Runner.events.TOUCHEND, this);
      this.containerEl.removeEventListener(Runner.events.TOUCHSTART, this);
    } else {
      document.removeEventListener(Runner.events.MOUSEDOWN, this);
      document.removeEventListener(Runner.events.MOUSEUP, this);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Process keydown.
   * @param {Event} e
   */
  onKeyDown: function(e) {
    // Prevent native page scrolling whilst tapping on mobile.
    if (IS_MOBILE) {
      e.preventDefault();
    }

    if (e.target != this.detailsButton) {
      if (!this.crashed && (Runner.keycodes.JUMP[e.keyCode] ||
           e.type == Runner.events.TOUCHSTART)) {
        if (!this.activated) {
          this.loadSounds();
          this.activated = true;
          errorPageController.trackEasterEgg();
        }

        if (!this.tRex.jumping && !this.tRex.ducking) {
          this.playSound(this.soundFx.BUTTON_PRESS);
          this.tRex.startJump(this.currentSpeed);
        }
      }

      if (this.crashed && e.type == Runner.events.TOUCHSTART &&
          e.currentTarget == this.containerEl) {
        this.restart();
      }
    }

    if (this.activated && !this.crashed && Runner.keycodes.DUCK[e.keyCode]) {
      e.preventDefault();
      if (this.tRex.jumping) {
        // Speed drop, activated only when jump key is not pressed.
        this.tRex.setSpeedDrop();
      } else if (!this.tRex.jumping && !this.tRex.ducking) {
        // Duck.
        this.tRex.setDuck(true);
      }
    }
  },


  /**
   * Process key up.
   * @param {Event} e
   */
  onKeyUp: function(e) {
    var keyCode = String(e.keyCode);
    var isjumpKey = Runner.keycodes.JUMP[keyCode] ||
       e.type == Runner.events.TOUCHEND ||
       e.type == Runner.events.MOUSEDOWN;

    if (this.isRunning() && isjumpKey) {
      this.tRex.endJump();
    } else if (Runner.keycodes.DUCK[keyCode]) {
      this.tRex.speedDrop = false;
      this.tRex.setDuck(false);
    } else if (this.crashed) {
      // Check that enough time has elapsed before allowing jump key to restart.
      var deltaTime = getTimeStamp() - this.time;

      if (Runner.keycodes.RESTART[keyCode] || this.isLeftClickOnCanvas(e) ||
          (deltaTime >= this.config.GAMEOVER_CLEAR_TIME &&
          Runner.keycodes.JUMP[keyCode])) {
        this.restart();
      }
    } else if (this.paused && isjumpKey) {
      // Reset the jump state
      this.tRex.reset();
      this.play();
    }
  },

  /**
   * Returns whether the event was a left click on canvas.
   * On Windows right click is registered as a click.
   * @param {Event} e
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  isLeftClickOnCanvas: function(e) {
    return e.button != null && e.button < 2 &&
        e.type == Runner.events.MOUSEUP && e.target == this.canvas;
  },

  /**
   * RequestAnimationFrame wrapper.
   */
  raq: function() {
    if (!this.drawPending) {
      this.drawPending = true;
      this.raqId = requestAnimationFrame(this.update.bind(this));
    }
  },

  /**
   * Whether the game is running.
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  isRunning: function() {
    return !!this.raqId;
  },

  /**
   * Game over state.
   */
  gameOver: function() {
    this.playSound(this.soundFx.HIT);
    vibrate(200);

    this.stop();
    this.crashed = true;
    this.distanceMeter.acheivement = false;

    this.tRex.update(100, Trex.status.CRASHED);

    // Game over panel.
    if (!this.gameOverPanel) {
      this.gameOverPanel = new GameOverPanel(this.canvas,
          this.spriteDef.TEXT_SPRITE, this.spriteDef.RESTART,
          this.dimensions);
    } else {
      this.gameOverPanel.draw();
    }

    // Update the high score.
    if (this.distanceRan > this.highestScore) {
      this.highestScore = Math.ceil(this.distanceRan);
      this.distanceMeter.setHighScore(this.highestScore);
    }

    // Reset the time clock.
    this.time = getTimeStamp();
  },

  stop: function() {
    this.activated = false;
    this.paused = true;
    cancelAnimationFrame(this.raqId);
    this.raqId = 0;
  },

  play: function() {
    if (!this.crashed) {
      this.activated = true;
      this.paused = false;
      this.tRex.update(0, Trex.status.RUNNING);
      this.time = getTimeStamp();
      this.update();
    }
  },

  restart: function() {
    if (!this.raqId) {
      this.playCount++;
      this.runningTime = 0;
      this.activated = true;
      this.crashed = false;
      this.distanceRan = 0;
      this.setSpeed(this.config.SPEED);

      this.time = getTimeStamp();
      this.containerEl.classList.remove(Runner.classes.CRASHED);
      this.clearCanvas();
      this.distanceMeter.reset(this.highestScore);
      this.horizon.reset();
      this.tRex.reset();
      this.playSound(this.soundFx.BUTTON_PRESS);

      this.update();
    }
  },

  /**
   * Pause the game if the tab is not in focus.
   */
  onVisibilityChange: function(e) {
    if (document.hidden || document.webkitHidden || e.type == 'blur') {
      this.stop();
    } else if (!this.crashed) {
      this.tRex.reset();
      this.play();
    }
  },

  /**
   * Play a sound.
   * @param {SoundBuffer} soundBuffer
   */
  playSound: function(soundBuffer) {
    if (soundBuffer) {
      var sourceNode = this.audioContext.createBufferSource();
      sourceNode.buffer = soundBuffer;
      sourceNode.connect(this.audioContext.destination);
      sourceNode.start(0);
    }
  }
};


/**
 * Updates the canvas size taking into
 * account the backing store pixel ratio and
 * the device pixel ratio.
 *
 * See article by Paul Lewis:
 * http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/canvas/hidpi/
 *
 * @param {HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
 * @param {number} opt_width
 * @param {number} opt_height
 * @return {boolean} Whether the canvas was scaled.
 */
Runner.updateCanvasScaling = function(canvas, opt_width, opt_height) {
  var context = canvas.getContext('2d');

  // Query the various pixel ratios
  var devicePixelRatio = Math.floor(window.devicePixelRatio) || 1;
  var backingStoreRatio = Math.floor(context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio) || 1;
  var ratio = devicePixelRatio / backingStoreRatio;

  // Upscale the canvas if the two ratios don't match
  if (devicePixelRatio !== backingStoreRatio) {
    var oldWidth = opt_width || canvas.width;
    var oldHeight = opt_height || canvas.height;

    canvas.width = oldWidth * ratio;
    canvas.height = oldHeight * ratio;

    canvas.style.width = oldWidth + 'px';
    canvas.style.height = oldHeight + 'px';

    // Scale the context to counter the fact that we've manually scaled
    // our canvas element.
    context.scale(ratio, ratio);
    return true;
  } else if (devicePixelRatio == 1) {
    // Reset the canvas width / height. Fixes scaling bug when the page is
    // zoomed and the devicePixelRatio changes accordingly.
    canvas.style.width = canvas.width + 'px';
    canvas.style.height = canvas.height + 'px';
  }
  return false;
};


/**
 * Get random number.
 * @param {number} min
 * @param {number} max
 * @param {number}
 */
function getRandomNum(min, max) {
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
}


/**
 * Vibrate on mobile devices.
 * @param {number} duration Duration of the vibration in milliseconds.
 */
function vibrate(duration) {
  if (IS_MOBILE && window.navigator.vibrate) {
    window.navigator.vibrate(duration);
  }
}


/**
 * Create canvas element.
 * @param {HTMLElement} container Element to append canvas to.
 * @param {number} width
 * @param {number} height
 * @param {string} opt_classname
 * @return {HTMLCanvasElement}
 */
function createCanvas(container, width, height, opt_classname) {
  var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  canvas.className = opt_classname ? Runner.classes.CANVAS + ' ' +
      opt_classname : Runner.classes.CANVAS;
  canvas.width = width;
  canvas.height = height;
  container.appendChild(canvas);

  return canvas;
}


/**
 * Decodes the base 64 audio to ArrayBuffer used by Web Audio.
 * @param {string} base64String
 */
function decodeBase64ToArrayBuffer(base64String) {
  var len = (base64String.length / 4) * 3;
  var str = atob(base64String);
  var arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(len);
  var bytes = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);

  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    bytes[i] = str.charCodeAt(i);
  }
  return bytes.buffer;
}


/**
 * Return the current timestamp.
 * @return {number}
 */
function getTimeStamp() {
  return IS_IOS ? new Date().getTime() : performance.now();
}


//******************************************************************************


/**
 * Game over panel.
 * @param {!HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
 * @param {Object} textImgPos
 * @param {Object} restartImgPos
 * @param {!Object} dimensions Canvas dimensions.
 * @constructor
 */
function GameOverPanel(canvas, textImgPos, restartImgPos, dimensions) {
  this.canvas = canvas;
  this.canvasCtx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  this.canvasDimensions = dimensions;
  this.textImgPos = textImgPos;
  this.restartImgPos = restartImgPos;
  this.draw();
};


/**
 * Dimensions used in the panel.
 * @enum {number}
 */
GameOverPanel.dimensions = {
  TEXT_X: 0,
  TEXT_Y: 13,
  TEXT_WIDTH: 191,
  TEXT_HEIGHT: 11,
  RESTART_WIDTH: 36,
  RESTART_HEIGHT: 32
};


GameOverPanel.prototype = {
  /**
   * Update the panel dimensions.
   * @param {number} width New canvas width.
   * @param {number} opt_height Optional new canvas height.
   */
  updateDimensions: function(width, opt_height) {
    this.canvasDimensions.WIDTH = width;
    if (opt_height) {
      this.canvasDimensions.HEIGHT = opt_height;
    }
  },

  /**
   * Draw the panel.
   */
  draw: function() {
    var dimensions = GameOverPanel.dimensions;

    var centerX = this.canvasDimensions.WIDTH / 2;

    // Game over text.
    var textSourceX = dimensions.TEXT_X;
    var textSourceY = dimensions.TEXT_Y;
    var textSourceWidth = dimensions.TEXT_WIDTH;
    var textSourceHeight = dimensions.TEXT_HEIGHT;

    var textTargetX = Math.round(centerX - (dimensions.TEXT_WIDTH / 2));
    var textTargetY = Math.round((this.canvasDimensions.HEIGHT - 25) / 3);
    var textTargetWidth = dimensions.TEXT_WIDTH;
    var textTargetHeight = dimensions.TEXT_HEIGHT;

    var restartSourceWidth = dimensions.RESTART_WIDTH;
    var restartSourceHeight = dimensions.RESTART_HEIGHT;
    var restartTargetX = centerX - (dimensions.RESTART_WIDTH / 2);
    var restartTargetY = this.canvasDimensions.HEIGHT / 2;

    if (IS_HIDPI) {
      textSourceY *= 2;
      textSourceX *= 2;
      textSourceWidth *= 2;
      textSourceHeight *= 2;
      restartSourceWidth *= 2;
      restartSourceHeight *= 2;
    }

    textSourceX += this.textImgPos.x;
    textSourceY += this.textImgPos.y;

    // Game over text from sprite.
    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite,
        textSourceX, textSourceY, textSourceWidth, textSourceHeight,
        textTargetX, textTargetY, textTargetWidth, textTargetHeight);

    // Restart button.
    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite,
        this.restartImgPos.x, this.restartImgPos.y,
        restartSourceWidth, restartSourceHeight,
        restartTargetX, restartTargetY, dimensions.RESTART_WIDTH,
        dimensions.RESTART_HEIGHT);
  }
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Check for a collision.
 * @param {!Obstacle} obstacle
 * @param {!Trex} tRex T-rex object.
 * @param {HTMLCanvasContext} opt_canvasCtx Optional canvas context for drawing
 *    collision boxes.
 * @return {Array<CollisionBox>}
 */
function checkForCollision(obstacle, tRex, opt_canvasCtx) {
  var obstacleBoxXPos = Runner.defaultDimensions.WIDTH + obstacle.xPos;

  // Adjustments are made to the bounding box as there is a 1 pixel white
  // border around the t-rex and obstacles.
  var tRexBox = new CollisionBox(
      tRex.xPos + 1,
      tRex.yPos + 1,
      tRex.config.WIDTH - 2,
      tRex.config.HEIGHT - 2);

  var obstacleBox = new CollisionBox(
      obstacle.xPos + 1,
      obstacle.yPos + 1,
      obstacle.typeConfig.width * obstacle.size - 2,
      obstacle.typeConfig.height - 2);

  // Debug outer box
  if (opt_canvasCtx) {
    drawCollisionBoxes(opt_canvasCtx, tRexBox, obstacleBox);
  }

  // Simple outer bounds check.
  if (boxCompare(tRexBox, obstacleBox)) {
    var collisionBoxes = obstacle.collisionBoxes;
    var tRexCollisionBoxes = tRex.ducking ?
        Trex.collisionBoxes.DUCKING : Trex.collisionBoxes.RUNNING;

    // Detailed axis aligned box check.
    for (var t = 0; t < tRexCollisionBoxes.length; t++) {
      for (var i = 0; i < collisionBoxes.length; i++) {
        // Adjust the box to actual positions.
        var adjTrexBox =
            createAdjustedCollisionBox(tRexCollisionBoxes[t], tRexBox);
        var adjObstacleBox =
            createAdjustedCollisionBox(collisionBoxes[i], obstacleBox);
        var crashed = boxCompare(adjTrexBox, adjObstacleBox);

        // Draw boxes for debug.
        if (opt_canvasCtx) {
          drawCollisionBoxes(opt_canvasCtx, adjTrexBox, adjObstacleBox);
        }

        if (crashed) {
          return [adjTrexBox, adjObstacleBox];
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
};


/**
 * Adjust the collision box.
 * @param {!CollisionBox} box The original box.
 * @param {!CollisionBox} adjustment Adjustment box.
 * @return {CollisionBox} The adjusted collision box object.
 */
function createAdjustedCollisionBox(box, adjustment) {
  return new CollisionBox(
      box.x + adjustment.x,
      box.y + adjustment.y,
      box.width,
      box.height);
};


/**
 * Draw the collision boxes for debug.
 */
function drawCollisionBoxes(canvasCtx, tRexBox, obstacleBox) {
  canvasCtx.save();
  canvasCtx.strokeStyle = '#f00';
  canvasCtx.strokeRect(tRexBox.x, tRexBox.y, tRexBox.width, tRexBox.height);

  canvasCtx.strokeStyle = '#0f0';
  canvasCtx.strokeRect(obstacleBox.x, obstacleBox.y,
      obstacleBox.width, obstacleBox.height);
  canvasCtx.restore();
};


/**
 * Compare two collision boxes for a collision.
 * @param {CollisionBox} tRexBox
 * @param {CollisionBox} obstacleBox
 * @return {boolean} Whether the boxes intersected.
 */
function boxCompare(tRexBox, obstacleBox) {
  var crashed = false;
  var tRexBoxX = tRexBox.x;
  var tRexBoxY = tRexBox.y;

  var obstacleBoxX = obstacleBox.x;
  var obstacleBoxY = obstacleBox.y;

  // Axis-Aligned Bounding Box method.
  if (tRexBox.x < obstacleBoxX + obstacleBox.width &&
      tRexBox.x + tRexBox.width > obstacleBoxX &&
      tRexBox.y < obstacleBox.y + obstacleBox.height &&
      tRexBox.height + tRexBox.y > obstacleBox.y) {
    crashed = true;
  }

  return crashed;
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Collision box object.
 * @param {number} x X position.
 * @param {number} y Y Position.
 * @param {number} w Width.
 * @param {number} h Height.
 */
function CollisionBox(x, y, w, h) {
  this.x = x;
  this.y = y;
  this.width = w;
  this.height = h;
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Obstacle.
 * @param {HTMLCanvasCtx} canvasCtx
 * @param {Obstacle.type} type
 * @param {Object} spritePos Obstacle position in sprite.
 * @param {Object} dimensions
 * @param {number} gapCoefficient Mutipler in determining the gap.
 * @param {number} speed
 */
function Obstacle(canvasCtx, type, spriteImgPos, dimensions,
    gapCoefficient, speed) {

  this.canvasCtx = canvasCtx;
  this.spritePos = spriteImgPos;
  this.typeConfig = type;
  this.gapCoefficient = gapCoefficient;
  this.size = getRandomNum(1, Obstacle.MAX_OBSTACLE_LENGTH);
  this.dimensions = dimensions;
  this.remove = false;
  this.xPos = 0;
  this.yPos = 0;
  this.width = 0;
  this.collisionBoxes = [];
  this.gap = 0;
  this.speedOffset = 0;

  // For animated obstacles.
  this.currentFrame = 0;
  this.timer = 0;

  this.init(speed);
};

/**
 * Coefficient for calculating the maximum gap.
 * @const
 */
Obstacle.MAX_GAP_COEFFICIENT = 1.5;

/**
 * Maximum obstacle grouping count.
 * @const
 */
Obstacle.MAX_OBSTACLE_LENGTH = 3,


Obstacle.prototype = {
  /**
   * Initialise the DOM for the obstacle.
   * @param {number} speed
   */
  init: function(speed) {
    this.cloneCollisionBoxes();

    // Only allow sizing if we're at the right speed.
    if (this.size > 1 && this.typeConfig.multipleSpeed > speed) {
      this.size = 1;
    }

    this.width = this.typeConfig.width * this.size;
    this.xPos = this.dimensions.WIDTH - this.width;

    // Check if obstacle can be positioned at various heights.
    if (Array.isArray(this.typeConfig.yPos))  {
      var yPosConfig = IS_MOBILE ? this.typeConfig.yPosMobile :
          this.typeConfig.yPos;
      this.yPos = yPosConfig[getRandomNum(0, yPosConfig.length - 1)];
    } else {
      this.yPos = this.typeConfig.yPos;
    }

    this.draw();

    // Make collision box adjustments,
    // Central box is adjusted to the size as one box.
    //      ____        ______        ________
    //    _|   |-|    _|     |-|    _|       |-|
    //   | |<->| |   | |<--->| |   | |<----->| |
    //   | | 1 | |   | |  2  | |   | |   3   | |
    //   |_|___|_|   |_|_____|_|   |_|_______|_|
    //
    if (this.size > 1) {
      this.collisionBoxes[1].width = this.width - this.collisionBoxes[0].width -
          this.collisionBoxes[2].width;
      this.collisionBoxes[2].x = this.width - this.collisionBoxes[2].width;
    }

    // For obstacles that go at a different speed from the horizon.
    if (this.typeConfig.speedOffset) {
      this.speedOffset = Math.random() > 0.5 ? this.typeConfig.speedOffset :
          -this.typeConfig.speedOffset;
    }

    this.gap = this.getGap(this.gapCoefficient, speed);
  },

  /**
   * Draw and crop based on size.
   */
  draw: function() {
    var sourceWidth = this.typeConfig.width;
    var sourceHeight = this.typeConfig.height;

    if (IS_HIDPI) {
      sourceWidth = sourceWidth * 2;
      sourceHeight = sourceHeight * 2;
    }

    // X position in sprite.
    var sourceX = (sourceWidth * this.size) * (0.5 * (this.size - 1)) +
        this.spritePos.x;

    // Animation frames.
    if (this.currentFrame > 0) {
      sourceX += sourceWidth * this.currentFrame;
    }

    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite,
      sourceX, this.spritePos.y,
      sourceWidth * this.size, sourceHeight,
      this.xPos, this.yPos,
      this.typeConfig.width * this.size, this.typeConfig.height);
  },

  /**
   * Obstacle frame update.
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @param {number} speed
   */
  update: function(deltaTime, speed) {
    if (!this.remove) {
      if (this.typeConfig.speedOffset) {
        speed += this.speedOffset;
      }
      this.xPos -= Math.floor((speed * FPS / 1000) * deltaTime);

      // Update frame
      if (this.typeConfig.numFrames) {
        this.timer += deltaTime;
        if (this.timer >= this.typeConfig.frameRate) {
          this.currentFrame =
              this.currentFrame == this.typeConfig.numFrames - 1 ?
              0 : this.currentFrame + 1;
          this.timer = 0;
        }
      }
      this.draw();

      if (!this.isVisible()) {
        this.remove = true;
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Calculate a random gap size.
   * - Minimum gap gets wider as speed increses
   * @param {number} gapCoefficient
   * @param {number} speed
   * @return {number} The gap size.
   */
  getGap: function(gapCoefficient, speed) {
    var minGap = Math.round(this.width * speed +
          this.typeConfig.minGap * gapCoefficient);
    var maxGap = Math.round(minGap * Obstacle.MAX_GAP_COEFFICIENT);
    return getRandomNum(minGap, maxGap);
  },

  /**
   * Check if obstacle is visible.
   * @return {boolean} Whether the obstacle is in the game area.
   */
  isVisible: function() {
    return this.xPos + this.width > 0;
  },

  /**
   * Make a copy of the collision boxes, since these will change based on
   * obstacle type and size.
   */
  cloneCollisionBoxes: function() {
    var collisionBoxes = this.typeConfig.collisionBoxes;

    for (var i = collisionBoxes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      this.collisionBoxes[i] = new CollisionBox(collisionBoxes[i].x,
          collisionBoxes[i].y, collisionBoxes[i].width,
          collisionBoxes[i].height);
    }
  }
};


/**
 * Obstacle definitions.
 * minGap: minimum pixel space betweeen obstacles.
 * multipleSpeed: Speed at which multiples are allowed.
 * speedOffset: speed faster / slower than the horizon.
 * minSpeed: Minimum speed which the obstacle can make an appearance.
 */
Obstacle.types = [
  {
    type: 'CACTUS_SMALL',
    width: 17,
    height: 35,
    yPos: 105,
    multipleSpeed: 4,
    minGap: 120,
    minSpeed: 0,
    collisionBoxes: [
      new CollisionBox(0, 7, 5, 27),
      new CollisionBox(4, 0, 6, 34),
      new CollisionBox(10, 4, 7, 14)
    ]
  },
  {
    type: 'CACTUS_LARGE',
    width: 25,
    height: 50,
    yPos: 90,
    multipleSpeed: 7,
    minGap: 120,
    minSpeed: 0,
    collisionBoxes: [
      new CollisionBox(0, 12, 7, 38),
      new CollisionBox(8, 0, 7, 49),
      new CollisionBox(13, 10, 10, 38)
    ]
  },
  {
    type: 'PTERODACTYL',
    width: 46,
    height: 40,
    yPos: [ 100, 75, 50 ], // Variable height.
    yPosMobile: [ 100, 50 ], // Variable height mobile.
    multipleSpeed: 999,
    minSpeed: 8.5,
    minGap: 150,
    collisionBoxes: [
      new CollisionBox(15, 15, 16, 5),
      new CollisionBox(18, 21, 24, 6),
      new CollisionBox(2, 14, 4, 3),
      new CollisionBox(6, 10, 4, 7),
      new CollisionBox(10, 8, 6, 9)
    ],
    numFrames: 2,
    frameRate: 1000/6,
    speedOffset: .8
  }
];


//******************************************************************************
/**
 * T-rex game character.
 * @param {HTMLCanvas} canvas
 * @param {Object} spritePos Positioning within image sprite.
 * @constructor
 */
function Trex(canvas, spritePos) {
  this.canvas = canvas;
  this.canvasCtx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  this.spritePos = spritePos;
  this.xPos = 0;
  this.yPos = 0;
  // Position when on the ground.
  this.groundYPos = 0;
  this.currentFrame = 0;
  this.currentAnimFrames = [];
  this.blinkDelay = 0;
  this.animStartTime = 0;
  this.timer = 0;
  this.msPerFrame = 1000 / FPS;
  this.config = Trex.config;
  // Current status.
  this.status = Trex.status.WAITING;

  this.jumping = false;
  this.ducking = false;
  this.jumpVelocity = 0;
  this.reachedMinHeight = false;
  this.speedDrop = false;
  this.jumpCount = 0;
  this.jumpspotX = 0;

  this.init();
};


/**
 * T-rex player config.
 * @enum {number}
 */
Trex.config = {
  DROP_VELOCITY: -5,
  GRAVITY: 0.6,
  HEIGHT: 47,
  HEIGHT_DUCK: 25,
  INIITAL_JUMP_VELOCITY: -10,
  INTRO_DURATION: 1500,
  MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT: 30,
  MIN_JUMP_HEIGHT: 30,
  SPEED_DROP_COEFFICIENT: 3,
  SPRITE_WIDTH: 262,
  START_X_POS: 50,
  WIDTH: 44,
  WIDTH_DUCK: 59
};


/**
 * Used in collision detection.
 * @type {Array<CollisionBox>}
 */
Trex.collisionBoxes = {
  DUCKING: [
    new CollisionBox(1, 18, 55, 25)
  ],
  RUNNING: [
    new CollisionBox(22, 0, 17, 16),
    new CollisionBox(1, 18, 30, 9),
    new CollisionBox(10, 35, 14, 8),
    new CollisionBox(1, 24, 29, 5),
    new CollisionBox(5, 30, 21, 4),
    new CollisionBox(9, 34, 15, 4)
  ]
};


/**
 * Animation states.
 * @enum {string}
 */
Trex.status = {
  CRASHED: 'CRASHED',
  DUCKING: 'DUCKING',
  JUMPING: 'JUMPING',
  RUNNING: 'RUNNING',
  WAITING: 'WAITING'
};

/**
 * Blinking coefficient.
 * @const
 */
Trex.BLINK_TIMING = 7000;


/**
 * Animation config for different states.
 * @enum {Object}
 */
Trex.animFrames = {
  WAITING: {
    frames: [44, 0],
    msPerFrame: 1000 / 3
  },
  RUNNING: {
    frames: [88, 132],
    msPerFrame: 1000 / 12
  },
  CRASHED: {
    frames: [220],
    msPerFrame: 1000 / 60
  },
  JUMPING: {
    frames: [0],
    msPerFrame: 1000 / 60
  },
  DUCKING: {
    frames: [262, 321],
    msPerFrame: 1000 / 8
  }
};


Trex.prototype = {
  /**
   * T-rex player initaliser.
   * Sets the t-rex to blink at random intervals.
   */
  init: function() {
    this.blinkDelay = this.setBlinkDelay();
    this.groundYPos = Runner.defaultDimensions.HEIGHT - this.config.HEIGHT -
        Runner.config.BOTTOM_PAD;
    this.yPos = this.groundYPos;
    this.minJumpHeight = this.groundYPos - this.config.MIN_JUMP_HEIGHT;

    this.draw(0, 0);
    this.update(0, Trex.status.WAITING);
  },

  /**
   * Setter for the jump velocity.
   * The approriate drop velocity is also set.
   */
  setJumpVelocity: function(setting) {
    this.config.INIITAL_JUMP_VELOCITY = -setting;
    this.config.DROP_VELOCITY = -setting / 2;
  },

  /**
   * Set the animation status.
   * @param {!number} deltaTime
   * @param {Trex.status} status Optional status to switch to.
   */
  update: function(deltaTime, opt_status) {
    this.timer += deltaTime;

    // Update the status.
    if (opt_status) {
      this.status = opt_status;
      this.currentFrame = 0;
      this.msPerFrame = Trex.animFrames[opt_status].msPerFrame;
      this.currentAnimFrames = Trex.animFrames[opt_status].frames;

      if (opt_status == Trex.status.WAITING) {
        this.animStartTime = getTimeStamp();
        this.setBlinkDelay();
      }
    }

    // Game intro animation, T-rex moves in from the left.
    if (this.playingIntro && this.xPos < this.config.START_X_POS) {
      this.xPos += Math.round((this.config.START_X_POS /
          this.config.INTRO_DURATION) * deltaTime);
    }

    if (this.status == Trex.status.WAITING) {
      this.blink(getTimeStamp());
    } else {
      this.draw(this.currentAnimFrames[this.currentFrame], 0);
    }

    // Update the frame position.
    if (this.timer >= this.msPerFrame) {
      this.currentFrame = this.currentFrame ==
          this.currentAnimFrames.length - 1 ? 0 : this.currentFrame + 1;
      this.timer = 0;
    }

    // Speed drop becomes duck if the down key is still being pressed.
    if (this.speedDrop && this.yPos == this.groundYPos) {
      this.speedDrop = false;
      this.setDuck(true);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Draw the t-rex to a particular position.
   * @param {number} x
   * @param {number} y
   */
  draw: function(x, y) {
    var sourceX = x;
    var sourceY = y;
    var sourceWidth = this.ducking && this.status != Trex.status.CRASHED ?
        this.config.WIDTH_DUCK : this.config.WIDTH;
    var sourceHeight = this.config.HEIGHT;

    if (IS_HIDPI) {
      sourceX *= 2;
      sourceY *= 2;
      sourceWidth *= 2;
      sourceHeight *= 2;
    }

    // Adjustments for sprite sheet position.
    sourceX += this.spritePos.x;
    sourceY += this.spritePos.y;

    // Ducking.
    if (this.ducking && this.status != Trex.status.CRASHED) {
      this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite, sourceX, sourceY,
          sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
          this.xPos, this.yPos,
          this.config.WIDTH_DUCK, this.config.HEIGHT);
    } else {
      // Crashed whilst ducking. Trex is standing up so needs adjustment.
      if (this.ducking && this.status == Trex.status.CRASHED) {
        this.xPos++;
      }
      // Standing / running
      this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite, sourceX, sourceY,
          sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
          this.xPos, this.yPos,
          this.config.WIDTH, this.config.HEIGHT);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Sets a random time for the blink to happen.
   */
  setBlinkDelay: function() {
    this.blinkDelay = Math.ceil(Math.random() * Trex.BLINK_TIMING);
  },

  /**
   * Make t-rex blink at random intervals.
   * @param {number} time Current time in milliseconds.
   */
  blink: function(time) {
    var deltaTime = time - this.animStartTime;

    if (deltaTime >= this.blinkDelay) {
      this.draw(this.currentAnimFrames[this.currentFrame], 0);

      if (this.currentFrame == 1) {
        // Set new random delay to blink.
        this.setBlinkDelay();
        this.animStartTime = time;
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Initialise a jump.
   * @param {number} speed
   */
  startJump: function(speed) {
    if (!this.jumping) {
      this.update(0, Trex.status.JUMPING);
      // Tweak the jump velocity based on the speed.
      this.jumpVelocity = this.config.INIITAL_JUMP_VELOCITY - (speed / 10);
      this.jumping = true;
      this.reachedMinHeight = false;
      this.speedDrop = false;
    }
  },

  /**
   * Jump is complete, falling down.
   */
  endJump: function() {
    if (this.reachedMinHeight &&
        this.jumpVelocity < this.config.DROP_VELOCITY) {
      this.jumpVelocity = this.config.DROP_VELOCITY;
    }
  },

  /**
   * Update frame for a jump.
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @param {number} speed
   */
  updateJump: function(deltaTime, speed) {
    var msPerFrame = Trex.animFrames[this.status].msPerFrame;
    var framesElapsed = deltaTime / msPerFrame;

    // Speed drop makes Trex fall faster.
    if (this.speedDrop) {
      this.yPos += Math.round(this.jumpVelocity *
          this.config.SPEED_DROP_COEFFICIENT * framesElapsed);
    } else {
      this.yPos += Math.round(this.jumpVelocity * framesElapsed);
    }

    this.jumpVelocity += this.config.GRAVITY * framesElapsed;

    // Minimum height has been reached.
    if (this.yPos < this.minJumpHeight || this.speedDrop) {
      this.reachedMinHeight = true;
    }

    // Reached max height
    if (this.yPos < this.config.MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT || this.speedDrop) {
      this.endJump();
    }

    // Back down at ground level. Jump completed.
    if (this.yPos > this.groundYPos) {
      this.reset();
      this.jumpCount++;
    }

    this.update(deltaTime);
  },

  /**
   * Set the speed drop. Immediately cancels the current jump.
   */
  setSpeedDrop: function() {
    this.speedDrop = true;
    this.jumpVelocity = 1;
  },

  /**
   * @param {boolean} isDucking.
   */
  setDuck: function(isDucking) {
    if (isDucking && this.status != Trex.status.DUCKING) {
      this.update(0, Trex.status.DUCKING);
      this.ducking = true;
    } else if (this.status == Trex.status.DUCKING) {
      this.update(0, Trex.status.RUNNING);
      this.ducking = false;
    }
  },

  /**
   * Reset the t-rex to running at start of game.
   */
  reset: function() {
    this.yPos = this.groundYPos;
    this.jumpVelocity = 0;
    this.jumping = false;
    this.ducking = false;
    this.update(0, Trex.status.RUNNING);
    this.midair = false;
    this.speedDrop = false;
    this.jumpCount = 0;
  }
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Handles displaying the distance meter.
 * @param {!HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
 * @param {Object} spritePos Image position in sprite.
 * @param {number} canvasWidth
 * @constructor
 */
function DistanceMeter(canvas, spritePos, canvasWidth) {
  this.canvas = canvas;
  this.canvasCtx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  this.image = Runner.imageSprite;
  this.spritePos = spritePos;
  this.x = 0;
  this.y = 5;

  this.currentDistance = 0;
  this.maxScore = 0;
  this.highScore = 0;
  this.container = null;

  this.digits = [];
  this.acheivement = false;
  this.defaultString = '';
  this.flashTimer = 0;
  this.flashIterations = 0;

  this.config = DistanceMeter.config;
  this.maxScoreUnits = this.config.MAX_DISTANCE_UNITS;
  this.init(canvasWidth);
};


/**
 * @enum {number}
 */
DistanceMeter.dimensions = {
  WIDTH: 10,
  HEIGHT: 13,
  DEST_WIDTH: 11
};


/**
 * Y positioning of the digits in the sprite sheet.
 * X position is always 0.
 * @type {Array<number>}
 */
DistanceMeter.yPos = [0, 13, 27, 40, 53, 67, 80, 93, 107, 120];


/**
 * Distance meter config.
 * @enum {number}
 */
DistanceMeter.config = {
  // Number of digits.
  MAX_DISTANCE_UNITS: 5,

  // Distance that causes achievement animation.
  ACHIEVEMENT_DISTANCE: 100,

  // Used for conversion from pixel distance to a scaled unit.
  COEFFICIENT: 0.025,

  // Flash duration in milliseconds.
  FLASH_DURATION: 1000 / 4,

  // Flash iterations for achievement animation.
  FLASH_ITERATIONS: 3
};


DistanceMeter.prototype = {
  /**
   * Initialise the distance meter to '00000'.
   * @param {number} width Canvas width in px.
   */
  init: function(width) {
    var maxDistanceStr = '';

    this.calcXPos(width);
    this.maxScore = this.maxScoreUnits;
    for (var i = 0; i < this.maxScoreUnits; i++) {
      this.draw(i, 0);
      this.defaultString += '0';
      maxDistanceStr += '9';
    }

    this.maxScore = parseInt(maxDistanceStr);
  },

  /**
   * Calculate the xPos in the canvas.
   * @param {number} canvasWidth
   */
  calcXPos: function(canvasWidth) {
    this.x = canvasWidth - (DistanceMeter.dimensions.DEST_WIDTH *
        (this.maxScoreUnits + 1));
  },

  /**
   * Draw a digit to canvas.
   * @param {number} digitPos Position of the digit.
   * @param {number} value Digit value 0-9.
   * @param {boolean} opt_highScore Whether drawing the high score.
   */
  draw: function(digitPos, value, opt_highScore) {
    var sourceWidth = DistanceMeter.dimensions.WIDTH;
    var sourceHeight = DistanceMeter.dimensions.HEIGHT;
    var sourceX = DistanceMeter.dimensions.WIDTH * value;
    var sourceY = 0;

    var targetX = digitPos * DistanceMeter.dimensions.DEST_WIDTH;
    var targetY = this.y;
    var targetWidth = DistanceMeter.dimensions.WIDTH;
    var targetHeight = DistanceMeter.dimensions.HEIGHT;

    // For high DPI we 2x source values.
    if (IS_HIDPI) {
      sourceWidth *= 2;
      sourceHeight *= 2;
      sourceX *= 2;
    }

    sourceX += this.spritePos.x;
    sourceY += this.spritePos.y;

    this.canvasCtx.save();

    if (opt_highScore) {
      // Left of the current score.
      var highScoreX = this.x - (this.maxScoreUnits * 2) *
          DistanceMeter.dimensions.WIDTH;
      this.canvasCtx.translate(highScoreX, this.y);
    } else {
      this.canvasCtx.translate(this.x, this.y);
    }

    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(this.image, sourceX, sourceY,
        sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
        targetX, targetY,
        targetWidth, targetHeight
      );

    this.canvasCtx.restore();
  },

  /**
   * Covert pixel distance to a 'real' distance.
   * @param {number} distance Pixel distance ran.
   * @return {number} The 'real' distance ran.
   */
  getActualDistance: function(distance) {
    return distance ? Math.round(distance * this.config.COEFFICIENT) : 0;
  },

  /**
   * Update the distance meter.
   * @param {number} distance
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @return {boolean} Whether the acheivement sound fx should be played.
   */
  update: function(deltaTime, distance) {
    var paint = true;
    var playSound = false;

    if (!this.acheivement) {
      distance = this.getActualDistance(distance);

      // Score has gone beyond the initial digit count.
      if (distance > this.maxScore && this.maxScoreUnits ==
        this.config.MAX_DISTANCE_UNITS) {
        this.maxScoreUnits++;
        this.maxScore = parseInt(this.maxScore + '9');
      } else {
        this.distance = 0;
      }

      if (distance > 0) {
        // Acheivement unlocked
        if (distance % this.config.ACHIEVEMENT_DISTANCE == 0) {
          // Flash score and play sound.
          this.acheivement = true;
          this.flashTimer = 0;
          playSound = true;
        }

        // Create a string representation of the distance with leading 0.
        var distanceStr = (this.defaultString +
            distance).substr(-this.maxScoreUnits);
        this.digits = distanceStr.split('');
      } else {
        this.digits = this.defaultString.split('');
      }
    } else {
      // Control flashing of the score on reaching acheivement.
      if (this.flashIterations <= this.config.FLASH_ITERATIONS) {
        this.flashTimer += deltaTime;

        if (this.flashTimer < this.config.FLASH_DURATION) {
          paint = false;
        } else if (this.flashTimer >
            this.config.FLASH_DURATION * 2) {
          this.flashTimer = 0;
          this.flashIterations++;
        }
      } else {
        this.acheivement = false;
        this.flashIterations = 0;
        this.flashTimer = 0;
      }
    }

    // Draw the digits if not flashing.
    if (paint) {
      for (var i = this.digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        this.draw(i, parseInt(this.digits[i]));
      }
    }

    this.drawHighScore();

    return playSound;
  },

  /**
   * Draw the high score.
   */
  drawHighScore: function() {
    this.canvasCtx.save();
    this.canvasCtx.globalAlpha = .8;
    for (var i = this.highScore.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      this.draw(i, parseInt(this.highScore[i], 10), true);
    }
    this.canvasCtx.restore();
  },

  /**
   * Set the highscore as a array string.
   * Position of char in the sprite: H - 10, I - 11.
   * @param {number} distance Distance ran in pixels.
   */
  setHighScore: function(distance) {
    distance = this.getActualDistance(distance);
    var highScoreStr = (this.defaultString +
        distance).substr(-this.maxScoreUnits);

    this.highScore = ['10', '11', ''].concat(highScoreStr.split(''));
  },

  /**
   * Reset the distance meter back to '00000'.
   */
  reset: function() {
    this.update(0);
    this.acheivement = false;
  }
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Cloud background item.
 * Similar to an obstacle object but without collision boxes.
 * @param {HTMLCanvasElement} canvas Canvas element.
 * @param {Object} spritePos Position of image in sprite.
 * @param {number} containerWidth
 */
function Cloud(canvas, spritePos, containerWidth) {
  this.canvas = canvas;
  this.canvasCtx = this.canvas.getContext('2d');
  this.spritePos = spritePos;
  this.containerWidth = containerWidth;
  this.xPos = containerWidth;
  this.yPos = 0;
  this.remove = false;
  this.cloudGap = getRandomNum(Cloud.config.MIN_CLOUD_GAP,
      Cloud.config.MAX_CLOUD_GAP);

  this.init();
};


/**
 * Cloud object config.
 * @enum {number}
 */
Cloud.config = {
  HEIGHT: 14,
  MAX_CLOUD_GAP: 400,
  MAX_SKY_LEVEL: 30,
  MIN_CLOUD_GAP: 100,
  MIN_SKY_LEVEL: 71,
  WIDTH: 46
};


Cloud.prototype = {
  /**
   * Initialise the cloud. Sets the Cloud height.
   */
  init: function() {
    this.yPos = getRandomNum(Cloud.config.MAX_SKY_LEVEL,
        Cloud.config.MIN_SKY_LEVEL);
    this.draw();
  },

  /**
   * Draw the cloud.
   */
  draw: function() {
    this.canvasCtx.save();
    var sourceWidth = Cloud.config.WIDTH;
    var sourceHeight = Cloud.config.HEIGHT;

    if (IS_HIDPI) {
      sourceWidth = sourceWidth * 2;
      sourceHeight = sourceHeight * 2;
    }

    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite, this.spritePos.x,
        this.spritePos.y,
        sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
        this.xPos, this.yPos,
        Cloud.config.WIDTH, Cloud.config.HEIGHT);

    this.canvasCtx.restore();
  },

  /**
   * Update the cloud position.
   * @param {number} speed
   */
  update: function(speed) {
    if (!this.remove) {
      this.xPos -= Math.ceil(speed);
      this.draw();

      // Mark as removeable if no longer in the canvas.
      if (!this.isVisible()) {
        this.remove = true;
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Check if the cloud is visible on the stage.
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  isVisible: function() {
    return this.xPos + Cloud.config.WIDTH > 0;
  }
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Horizon Line.
 * Consists of two connecting lines. Randomly assigns a flat / bumpy horizon.
 * @param {HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
 * @param {Object} spritePos Horizon position in sprite.
 * @constructor
 */
function HorizonLine(canvas, spritePos) {
  this.spritePos = spritePos;
  this.canvas = canvas;
  this.canvasCtx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  this.sourceDimensions = {};
  this.dimensions = HorizonLine.dimensions;
  this.sourceXPos = [this.spritePos.x, this.spritePos.x +
      this.dimensions.WIDTH];
  this.xPos = [];
  this.yPos = 0;
  this.bumpThreshold = 0.5;

  this.setSourceDimensions();
  this.draw();
};


/**
 * Horizon line dimensions.
 * @enum {number}
 */
HorizonLine.dimensions = {
  WIDTH: 600,
  HEIGHT: 12,
  YPOS: 127
};


HorizonLine.prototype = {
  /**
   * Set the source dimensions of the horizon line.
   */
  setSourceDimensions: function() {

    for (var dimension in HorizonLine.dimensions) {
      if (IS_HIDPI) {
        if (dimension != 'YPOS') {
          this.sourceDimensions[dimension] =
              HorizonLine.dimensions[dimension] * 2;
        }
      } else {
        this.sourceDimensions[dimension] =
            HorizonLine.dimensions[dimension];
      }
      this.dimensions[dimension] = HorizonLine.dimensions[dimension];
    }

    this.xPos = [0, HorizonLine.dimensions.WIDTH];
    this.yPos = HorizonLine.dimensions.YPOS;
  },

  /**
   * Return the crop x position of a type.
   */
  getRandomType: function() {
    return Math.random() > this.bumpThreshold ? this.dimensions.WIDTH : 0;
  },

  /**
   * Draw the horizon line.
   */
  draw: function() {
    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite, this.sourceXPos[0],
        this.spritePos.y,
        this.sourceDimensions.WIDTH, this.sourceDimensions.HEIGHT,
        this.xPos[0], this.yPos,
        this.dimensions.WIDTH, this.dimensions.HEIGHT);

    this.canvasCtx.drawImage(Runner.imageSprite, this.sourceXPos[1],
        this.spritePos.y,
        this.sourceDimensions.WIDTH, this.sourceDimensions.HEIGHT,
        this.xPos[1], this.yPos,
        this.dimensions.WIDTH, this.dimensions.HEIGHT);
  },

  /**
   * Update the x position of an indivdual piece of the line.
   * @param {number} pos Line position.
   * @param {number} increment
   */
  updateXPos: function(pos, increment) {
    var line1 = pos;
    var line2 = pos == 0 ? 1 : 0;

    this.xPos[line1] -= increment;
    this.xPos[line2] = this.xPos[line1] + this.dimensions.WIDTH;

    if (this.xPos[line1] <= -this.dimensions.WIDTH) {
      this.xPos[line1] += this.dimensions.WIDTH * 2;
      this.xPos[line2] = this.xPos[line1] - this.dimensions.WIDTH;
      this.sourceXPos[line1] = this.getRandomType() + this.spritePos.x;
    }
  },

  /**
   * Update the horizon line.
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @param {number} speed
   */
  update: function(deltaTime, speed) {
    var increment = Math.floor(speed * (FPS / 1000) * deltaTime);

    if (this.xPos[0] <= 0) {
      this.updateXPos(0, increment);
    } else {
      this.updateXPos(1, increment);
    }
    this.draw();
  },

  /**
   * Reset horizon to the starting position.
   */
  reset: function() {
    this.xPos[0] = 0;
    this.xPos[1] = HorizonLine.dimensions.WIDTH;
  }
};


//******************************************************************************

/**
 * Horizon background class.
 * @param {HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
 * @param {Object} spritePos Sprite positioning.
 * @param {Object} dimensions Canvas dimensions.
 * @param {number} gapCoefficient
 * @constructor
 */
function Horizon(canvas, spritePos, dimensions, gapCoefficient) {
  this.canvas = canvas;
  this.canvasCtx = this.canvas.getContext('2d');
  this.config = Horizon.config;
  this.dimensions = dimensions;
  this.gapCoefficient = gapCoefficient;
  this.obstacles = [];
  this.obstacleHistory = [];
  this.horizonOffsets = [0, 0];
  this.cloudFrequency = this.config.CLOUD_FREQUENCY;
  this.spritePos = spritePos;

  // Cloud
  this.clouds = [];
  this.cloudSpeed = this.config.BG_CLOUD_SPEED;

  // Horizon
  this.horizonLine = null;

  this.init();
};


/**
 * Horizon config.
 * @enum {number}
 */
Horizon.config = {
  BG_CLOUD_SPEED: 0.2,
  BUMPY_THRESHOLD: .3,
  CLOUD_FREQUENCY: .5,
  HORIZON_HEIGHT: 16,
  MAX_CLOUDS: 6
};


Horizon.prototype = {
  /**
   * Initialise the horizon. Just add the line and a cloud. No obstacles.
   */
  init: function() {
    this.addCloud();
    this.horizonLine = new HorizonLine(this.canvas, this.spritePos.HORIZON);
  },

  /**
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @param {number} currentSpeed
   * @param {boolean} updateObstacles Used as an override to prevent
   *     the obstacles from being updated / added. This happens in the
   *     ease in section.
   */
  update: function(deltaTime, currentSpeed, updateObstacles) {
    this.runningTime += deltaTime;
    this.horizonLine.update(deltaTime, currentSpeed);
    this.updateClouds(deltaTime, currentSpeed);

    if (updateObstacles) {
      this.updateObstacles(deltaTime, currentSpeed);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Update the cloud positions.
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @param {number} currentSpeed
   */
  updateClouds: function(deltaTime, speed) {
    var cloudSpeed = this.cloudSpeed / 1000 * deltaTime * speed;
    var numClouds = this.clouds.length;

    if (numClouds) {
      for (var i = numClouds - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        this.clouds[i].update(cloudSpeed);
      }

      var lastCloud = this.clouds[numClouds - 1];

      // Check for adding a new cloud.
      if (numClouds < this.config.MAX_CLOUDS &&
          (this.dimensions.WIDTH - lastCloud.xPos) > lastCloud.cloudGap &&
          this.cloudFrequency > Math.random()) {
        this.addCloud();
      }

      // Remove expired clouds.
      this.clouds = this.clouds.filter(function(obj) {
        return !obj.remove;
      });
    }
  },

  /**
   * Update the obstacle positions.
   * @param {number} deltaTime
   * @param {number} currentSpeed
   */
  updateObstacles: function(deltaTime, currentSpeed) {
    // Obstacles, move to Horizon layer.
    var updatedObstacles = this.obstacles.slice(0);

    for (var i = 0; i < this.obstacles.length; i++) {
      var obstacle = this.obstacles[i];
      obstacle.update(deltaTime, currentSpeed);

      // Clean up existing obstacles.
      if (obstacle.remove) {
        updatedObstacles.shift();
      }
    }
    this.obstacles = updatedObstacles;

    if (this.obstacles.length > 0) {
      var lastObstacle = this.obstacles[this.obstacles.length - 1];

      if (lastObstacle && !lastObstacle.followingObstacleCreated &&
          lastObstacle.isVisible() &&
          (lastObstacle.xPos + lastObstacle.width + lastObstacle.gap) <
          this.dimensions.WIDTH) {
        this.addNewObstacle(currentSpeed);
        lastObstacle.followingObstacleCreated = true;
      }
    } else {
      // Create new obstacles.
      this.addNewObstacle(currentSpeed);
    }
  },

  /**
   * Add a new obstacle.
   * @param {number} currentSpeed
   */
  addNewObstacle: function(currentSpeed) {
    var obstacleTypeIndex = getRandomNum(0, Obstacle.types.length - 1);
    var obstacleType = Obstacle.types[obstacleTypeIndex];

    // Check for multiples of the same type of obstacle.
    // Also check obstacle is available at current speed.
    if (this.duplicateObstacleCheck(obstacleType.type) ||
        currentSpeed < obstacleType.minSpeed) {
      this.addNewObstacle(currentSpeed);
    } else {
      var obstacleSpritePos = this.spritePos[obstacleType.type];

      this.obstacles.push(new Obstacle(this.canvasCtx, obstacleType,
          obstacleSpritePos, this.dimensions,
          this.gapCoefficient, currentSpeed));

      this.obstacleHistory.unshift(obstacleType.type);

      if (this.obstacleHistory.length > 1) {
        this.obstacleHistory.splice(Runner.config.MAX_OBSTACLE_DUPLICATION);
      }
    }
  },

  /**
   * Returns whether the previous two obstacles are the same as the next one.
   * Maximum duplication is set in config value MAX_OBSTACLE_DUPLICATION.
   * @return {boolean}
   */
  duplicateObstacleCheck: function(nextObstacleType) {
    var duplicateCount = 0;

    for (var i = 0; i < this.obstacleHistory.length; i++) {
      duplicateCount = this.obstacleHistory[i] == nextObstacleType ?
          duplicateCount + 1 : 0;
    }
    return duplicateCount >= Runner.config.MAX_OBSTACLE_DUPLICATION;
  },

  /**
   * Reset the horizon layer.
   * Remove existing obstacles and reposition the horizon line.
   */
  reset: function() {
    this.obstacles = [];
    this.horizonLine.reset();
  },

  /**
   * Update the canvas width and scaling.
   * @param {number} width Canvas width.
   * @param {number} height Canvas height.
   */
  resize: function(width, height) {
    this.canvas.width = width;
    this.canvas.height = height;
  },

  /**
   * Add a new cloud to the horizon.
   */
  addCloud: function() {
    this.clouds.push(new Cloud(this.canvas, this.spritePos.CLOUD,
        this.dimensions.WIDTH));
  }
};
})();