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// Copyright 2015 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef URL_ORIGIN_H_
#define URL_ORIGIN_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>
#include "base/debug/alias.h"
#include "base/optional.h"
#include "base/strings/string16.h"
#include "base/strings/string_piece.h"
#include "base/strings/string_util.h"
#include "base/unguessable_token.h"
#include "ipc/ipc_param_traits.h"
#include "url/scheme_host_port.h"
#include "url/third_party/mozilla/url_parse.h"
#include "url/url_canon.h"
#include "url/url_constants.h"
#include "url/url_export.h"
class GURL;
namespace blink {
class SecurityOrigin;
} // namespace blink
namespace ipc_fuzzer {
template <class T>
struct FuzzTraits;
} // namespace ipc_fuzzer
namespace mojo {
template <typename DataViewType, typename T>
struct StructTraits;
struct UrlOriginAdapter;
} // namespace mojo
namespace url {
namespace mojom {
class OriginDataView;
} // namespace mojom
// Per https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#origin, an origin is
// either:
// - a tuple origin of (scheme, host, port) as described in RFC 6454.
// - an opaque origin with an internal value, and a memory of the tuple origin
// from which it was derived.
//
// TL;DR: If you need to make a security-relevant decision, use 'url::Origin'.
// If you only need to extract the bits of a URL which are relevant for a
// network connection, use 'url::SchemeHostPort'.
//
// STL;SDR: If you aren't making actual network connections, use 'url::Origin'.
//
// This class ought to be used when code needs to determine if two resources
// are "same-origin", and when a canonical serialization of an origin is
// required. Note that the canonical serialization of an origin *must not* be
// used to determine if two resources are same-origin.
//
// A tuple origin, like 'SchemeHostPort', is composed of a tuple of (scheme,
// host, port), but contains a number of additional concepts which make it
// appropriate for use as a security boundary and access control mechanism
// between contexts. Two tuple origins are same-origin if the tuples are equal.
// A tuple origin may also be re-created from its serialization.
//
// An opaque origin has an internal globally unique identifier. When creating a
// new opaque origin from a URL, a fresh globally unique identifier is
// generated. However, if an opaque origin is copied or moved, the internal
// globally unique identifier is preserved. Two opaque origins are same-origin
// iff the globally unique identifiers match. Unlike tuple origins, an opaque
// origin cannot be re-created from its serialization, which is always the
// string "null".
//
// IMPORTANT: Since opaque origins always serialize as the string "null", it is
// *never* safe to use the serialization for security checks!
//
// A tuple origin and an opaque origin are never same-origin.
//
// There are a few subtleties to note:
//
// * A default constructed Origin is opaque, with no precursor origin.
//
// * Invalid and non-standard GURLs are parsed as opaque origins. This includes
// non-hierarchical URLs like 'data:text/html,...' and 'javascript:alert(1)'.
//
// * GURLs with schemes of 'filesystem' or 'blob' parse the origin out of the
// internals of the URL. That is, 'filesystem:https://example.com/temporary/f'
// is parsed as ('https', 'example.com', 443).
//
// * GURLs with a 'file' scheme are tricky. They are parsed as ('file', '', 0),
// but their behavior may differ from embedder to embedder.
// TODO(dcheng): This behavior is not consistent with Blink's notion of file
// URLs, which always creates an opaque origin.
//
// * The host component of an IPv6 address includes brackets, just like the URL
// representation.
//
// Usage:
//
// * Origins are generally constructed from an already-canonicalized GURL:
//
// GURL url("https://example.com/");
// url::Origin origin = Origin::Create(url);
// origin.scheme(); // "https"
// origin.host(); // "example.com"
// origin.port(); // 443
// origin.opaque(); // false
//
// * To answer the question "Are |this| and |that| "same-origin" with each
// other?", use |Origin::IsSameOriginWith|:
//
// if (this.IsSameOriginWith(that)) {
// // Amazingness goes here.
// }
class URL_EXPORT Origin {
public:
// Creates an opaque Origin with a nonce that is different from all previously
// existing origins.
Origin();
// Creates an Origin from |url|, as described at
// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin, with the following additions:
//
// 1. If |url| is invalid or non-standard, an opaque Origin is constructed.
// 2. 'filesystem' URLs behave as 'blob' URLs (that is, the origin is parsed
// out of everything in the URL which follows the scheme).
// 3. 'file' URLs all parse as ("file", "", 0).
static Origin Create(const GURL& url);
// Creates an Origin for the resource |url| as if it were requested
// from the context of |base_origin|. If |url| is standard
// (in the sense that it embeds a complete origin, like http/https),
// this returns the same value as would Create().
//
// If |url| is "about:blank", this returns a copy of |base_origin|.
//
// Otherwise, returns a new opaque origin derived from |base_origin|.
// In this case, the resulting opaque origin will inherit the tuple
// (or precursor tuple) of |base_origin|, but will not be same origin
// with |base_origin|, even if |base_origin| is already opaque.
static Origin Resolve(const GURL& url, const Origin& base_origin);
// Copyable and movable.
Origin(const Origin&);
Origin& operator=(const Origin&);
Origin(Origin&&);
Origin& operator=(Origin&&);
// Creates an Origin from a |scheme|, |host|, and |port|. All the parameters
// must be valid and canonicalized. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not
// canonical, or if all the parameters are empty.
//
// This constructor should be used in order to pass 'Origin' objects back and
// forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk potentially
// dangerous recanonicalization); other potential callers should prefer the
// 'GURL'-based constructor.
static base::Optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateTupleOriginWithoutNormalization(
base::StringPiece scheme,
base::StringPiece host,
uint16_t port);
// Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized.
// This should only be used when converting between already normalized types,
// and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move
// operators to avoid copies.
static Origin CreateFromNormalizedTuple(std::string scheme,
std::string host,
uint16_t port);
~Origin();
// For opaque origins, these return ("", "", 0).
const std::string& scheme() const {
return !opaque() ? tuple_.scheme() : base::EmptyString();
}
const std::string& host() const {
return !opaque() ? tuple_.host() : base::EmptyString();
}
uint16_t port() const { return !opaque() ? tuple_.port() : 0; }
bool opaque() const { return nonce_.has_value(); }
// An ASCII serialization of the Origin as per Section 6.2 of RFC 6454, with
// the addition that all Origins with a 'file' scheme serialize to "file://".
std::string Serialize() const;
// Two non-opaque Origins are "same-origin" if their schemes, hosts, and ports
// are exact matches. Two opaque origins are same-origin only if their
// internal nonce values match. A non-opaque origin is never same-origin with
// an opaque origin.
bool IsSameOriginWith(const Origin& other) const;
bool operator==(const Origin& other) const { return IsSameOriginWith(other); }
bool operator!=(const Origin& other) const {
return !IsSameOriginWith(other);
}
// Get the scheme, host, and port from which this origin derives. For
// a tuple Origin, this gives the same values as calling scheme(), host()
// and port(). For an opaque Origin that was created by calling
// Origin::DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() on a precursor or Origin::Resolve(),
// this returns the tuple inherited from the precursor.
//
// If this Origin is opaque and was created via the default constructor or
// Origin::Create(), the precursor origin is unknown.
//
// Use with great caution: opaque origins should generally not inherit
// privileges from the origins they derive from. However, in some cases
// (such as restrictions on process placement, or determining the http lock
// icon) this information may be relevant to ensure that entering an
// opaque origin does not grant privileges initially denied to the original
// non-opaque origin.
//
// This method has a deliberately obnoxious name to prompt caution in its use.
const SchemeHostPort& GetTupleOrPrecursorTupleIfOpaque() const {
return tuple_;
}
// Efficiently returns what GURL(Serialize()) would without re-parsing the
// URL. This can be used for the (rare) times a GURL representation is needed
// for an Origin.
// Note: The returned URL will not necessarily be serialized to the same value
// as the Origin would. The GURL will have an added "/" path for Origins with
// valid SchemeHostPorts and file Origins.
//
// Try not to use this method under normal circumstances, as it loses type
// information. Downstream consumers can mistake the returned GURL with a full
// URL (e.g. with a path component).
GURL GetURL() const;
// Same as GURL::DomainIs. If |this| origin is opaque, then returns false.
bool DomainIs(base::StringPiece canonical_domain) const;
// Allows Origin to be used as a key in STL (for example, a std::set or
// std::map).
bool operator<(const Origin& other) const;
// Creates a new opaque origin that is guaranteed to be cross-origin to all
// currently existing origins. An origin created by this method retains its
// identity across copies. Copies are guaranteed to be same-origin to each
// other, e.g.
//
// url::Origin page = Origin::Create(GURL("http://example.com"))
// url::Origin a = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin();
// url::Origin b = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin();
// url::Origin c = a;
// url::Origin d = b;
//
// |a| and |c| are same-origin, since |c| was copied from |a|. |b| and |d| are
// same-origin as well, since |d| was copied from |b|. All other combinations
// of origins are considered cross-origin, e.g. |a| is cross-origin to |b| and
// |d|, |b| is cross-origin to |a| and |c|, |c| is cross-origin to |b| and
// |d|, and |d| is cross-origin to |a| and |c|.
Origin DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() const;
private:
friend class blink::SecurityOrigin;
friend class OriginTest;
friend struct mojo::UrlOriginAdapter;
friend struct ipc_fuzzer::FuzzTraits<Origin>;
friend struct mojo::StructTraits<url::mojom::OriginDataView, url::Origin>;
friend IPC::ParamTraits<url::Origin>;
friend URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
const Origin& origin);
// Origin::Nonce is a wrapper around base::UnguessableToken that generates
// the random value only when the value is first accessed. The lazy generation
// allows Origin to be default-constructed quickly, without spending time
// in random number generation.
//
// TODO(nick): Should this optimization move into UnguessableToken, once it no
// longer treats the Null case specially?
class URL_EXPORT Nonce {
public:
// Creates a nonce to hold a newly-generated UnguessableToken. The actual
// token value will be generated lazily.
Nonce();
// Creates a nonce to hold an already-generated UnguessableToken value. This
// constructor should only be used for IPC serialization and testing --
// regular code should never need to touch the UnguessableTokens directly,
// and the default constructor is faster.
explicit Nonce(const base::UnguessableToken& token);
// Accessor, which lazily initializes the underlying |token_| member.
const base::UnguessableToken& token() const;
// Do not use in cases where lazy initialization is expected! This
// accessor does not initialize the |token_| member.
const base::UnguessableToken& raw_token() const;
// Copyable and movable. Copying a Nonce triggers lazy-initialization,
// moving it does not.
Nonce(const Nonce&);
Nonce& operator=(const Nonce&);
Nonce(Nonce&&);
Nonce& operator=(Nonce&&);
// Note that operator<, used by maps type containers, will trigger |token_|
// lazy-initialization. Equality comparisons do not.
bool operator<(const Nonce& other) const;
bool operator==(const Nonce& other) const;
bool operator!=(const Nonce& other) const;
private:
friend class OriginTest;
// mutable to support lazy generation.
mutable base::UnguessableToken token_;
};
// This needs to be friended within Origin as well, since Nonce is a private
// nested class of Origin.
friend URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
const Nonce& nonce);
// Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized.
// This should only be used when converting between already normalized types,
// and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move
// operators to avoid copies.
static Origin CreateOpaqueFromNormalizedPrecursorTuple(
std::string precursor_scheme,
std::string precursor_host,
uint16_t precursor_port,
const Nonce& nonce);
// Creates an opaque Origin with the identity given by |nonce|, and an
// optional precursor origin given by |precursor_scheme|, |precursor_host| and
// |precursor_port|. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not canonical. When
// the precursor is unknown, the precursor parameters should be ("", "", 0).
//
// This factory method should be used in order to pass opaque Origin objects
// back and forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk
// potentially dangerous recanonicalization).
static base::Optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateOpaqueOriginWithoutNormalization(
base::StringPiece precursor_scheme,
base::StringPiece precursor_host,
uint16_t precursor_port,
const Nonce& nonce);
// Constructs a non-opaque tuple origin. |tuple| must be valid.
explicit Origin(SchemeHostPort tuple);
// Constructs an opaque origin derived from the |precursor| tuple, with the
// given |nonce|.
Origin(const Nonce& nonce, SchemeHostPort precursor);
// Get the nonce associated with this origin, if it is opaque. This should be
// used only when trying to send an Origin across an IPC pipe.
base::Optional<base::UnguessableToken> GetNonceForSerialization() const;
// The tuple is used for both tuple origins (e.g. https://example.com:80), as
// well as for opaque origins, where it tracks the tuple origin from which
// the opaque origin was initially derived (we call this the "precursor"
// origin).
SchemeHostPort tuple_;
// The nonce is used for maintaining identity of an opaque origin. This
// nonce is preserved when an opaque origin is copied or moved. An Origin
// is considered opaque if and only if |nonce_| holds a value.
base::Optional<Nonce> nonce_;
};
// Pretty-printers for logging. These expose the internal state of the nonce.
URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Origin& origin);
URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
const Origin::Nonce& origin);
URL_EXPORT bool IsSameOriginWith(const GURL& a, const GURL& b);
// DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) copies |origin| into a new
// stack-allocated variable named |<var_name>|. This helps ensure that the
// value of |origin| gets preserved in crash dumps.
#define DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) \
DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_CSTR(var_name, (origin).Serialize().c_str(), 128)
} // namespace url
#endif // URL_ORIGIN_H_