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// Copyright 2018 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "services/audio/snooper_node.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include "base/bind.h"
#include "base/numerics/checked_math.h"
#include "base/trace_event/trace_event.h"
#include "media/base/audio_bus.h"
#include "media/base/audio_timestamp_helper.h"
using Helper = media::AudioTimestampHelper;
namespace audio {
namespace {
// The delay buffer size is chosen to be a very conservative maximum, just to
// make sure there is an upper bound in-place so that the buffer won't grow
// indefinitely. In most normal cases, reads will cause the delay buffer to
// automatically prune its recording down to well under this maximum (e.g.,
// around 100 milliseconds of audio).
constexpr base::TimeDelta kDelayBufferSize =
base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(1000);
// A frequency at which people cannot discern tones that differ by 1 Hz. This is
// based on research that shows people can discern tones only when they are more
// than 1 Hz away from 500 Hz. Thus, assume people definitely can't discern
// tones 1 Hz away from 1000 Hz.
constexpr int kStepBasisHz = 1000;
// The number of frames the resampler should request at a time. Three kernel's
// worth is an arbitrary choice, but performs well since the lock guarding
// access to the delay buffer is only held a reasonably short time during the
// data extraction.
constexpr int kResamplerRequestSize = 3 * media::SincResampler::kKernelSize;
// Returns the deviation, around an estimated reference time, beyond which a
// SnooperNode considers a skip in input/output to have occurred.
base::TimeDelta GetReferenceTimeSkipThreshold(base::TimeDelta bus_duration) {
return bus_duration / 2;
}
} // namespace
// static
constexpr SnooperNode::FrameTicks SnooperNode::kNullPosition;
// static
constexpr SnooperNode::FrameTicks SnooperNode::kWriteStartPosition;
SnooperNode::SnooperNode(const media::AudioParameters& input_params,
const media::AudioParameters& output_params)
: input_params_(input_params),
output_params_(output_params),
input_bus_duration_(
Helper::FramesToTime(input_params_.frames_per_buffer(),
input_params_.sample_rate())),
output_bus_duration_(
Helper::FramesToTime(output_params_.frames_per_buffer(),
output_params_.sample_rate())),
perfect_io_ratio_(static_cast<double>(input_params_.sample_rate()) /
output_params_.sample_rate()),
buffer_(
Helper::TimeToFrames(kDelayBufferSize, input_params_.sample_rate())),
write_position_(kNullPosition),
checkpoint_time_(base::TimeTicks::Min()),
read_position_(kNullPosition),
correction_fps_(0),
resampler_(
// For efficiency, a |channel_mix_strategy_| is chosen so that the
// resampler is always processing the fewest number of channels.
std::min(input_params_.channels(), output_params_.channels()),
perfect_io_ratio_,
kResamplerRequestSize,
base::BindRepeating(&SnooperNode::ReadFromDelayBuffer,
base::Unretained(this))),
channel_mix_strategy_(
(input_params_.channel_layout() == output_params_.channel_layout())
? kNone
: ((output_params_.channels() < input_params_.channels())
? kBefore
: kAfter)),
channel_mixer_(input_params_.channel_layout(),
output_params_.channel_layout()) {
TRACE_EVENT2("audio", "SnooperNode::SnooperNode", "input_params",
input_params.AsHumanReadableString(), "output_params",
output_params.AsHumanReadableString());
// Prime the resampler with silence to keep the calculations in Render()
// simple.
resampler_.PrimeWithSilence();
// If channel mixing is to be performed after resampling, allocate a buffer to
// hold the resampler's output.
if (channel_mix_strategy_ == kAfter) {
mix_bus_ = media::AudioBus::Create(input_params_.channels(),
output_params_.frames_per_buffer());
}
}
SnooperNode::~SnooperNode() = default;
void SnooperNode::OnData(const media::AudioBus& input_bus,
base::TimeTicks reference_time,
double volume) {
DCHECK_EQ(input_bus.channels(), input_params_.channels());
DCHECK_EQ(input_bus.frames(), input_params_.frames_per_buffer());
TRACE_EVENT_WITH_FLOW2("audio", "SnooperNode::OnData", this,
TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_FLOW_IN | TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_FLOW_OUT,
"reference_time (bogo-μs)",
reference_time.since_origin().InMicroseconds(),
"write_position", write_position_);
base::AutoLock scoped_lock(lock_);
// If this is the first OnData() call, just set the starting read position.
// Otherwise, check whether a gap (i.e., missing piece) in the recording flow
// has occurred, and skip the write position forward if necessary.
if (write_position_ == kNullPosition) {
write_position_ = kWriteStartPosition;
} else {
const base::TimeDelta threshold =
GetReferenceTimeSkipThreshold(input_bus_duration_);
const base::TimeDelta delta = reference_time - write_reference_time_;
if (delta < -threshold) {
TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT1("audio", "SnooperNode Discards Input",
TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_THREAD, "wait_time_remaining (μs)",
(-delta).InMicroseconds());
// It's illegal to back-track the |write_position_| and/or attempt to
// "rewrite history" in the delay buffer. Thus, simply drop input until it
// catches up. Events such as this are generally only caused by device-
// switching in audio::OutputController, where the delay timestamps may
// shift. http://crbug.com/934770
return;
} else if (delta > threshold) {
TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT1("audio", "SnooperNode Input Gap",
TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_THREAD, "gap (μs)",
delta.InMicroseconds());
// Skip the |write_position_| forward, which will create a zero-fill gap
// in the delay buffer.
write_position_ +=
Helper::TimeToFrames(delta, input_params_.sample_rate());
} else {
// Normal case: Continue writing into the delay buffer at the current
// |write_position_|.
//
// Note that, if input was being discarded (in the prior OnData() call),
// there will be no "recovery adjustment" to the |write_position_|.
// Instead, any significant jump in |write_reference_time_| will cause
// Render() to gradually re-synchronize the audio. There will be no
// zero-fill gap inserted into the delay buffer.
}
}
buffer_.Write(write_position_, input_bus, volume);
write_position_ += input_bus.frames();
write_reference_time_ = reference_time + input_bus_duration_;
}
base::Optional<base::TimeTicks> SnooperNode::SuggestLatestRenderTime(
FrameTicks duration) {
DCHECK_GE(duration, 0);
const base::TimeTicks last_checkpoint_time = checkpoint_time_;
{
base::AutoLock scoped_lock(lock_);
if (write_position_ == kNullPosition) {
return base::nullopt; // OnData() never called yet.
}
checkpoint_time_ = write_reference_time_;
}
// Do not suggest any changes if OnData() has not been called since the last
// call to this method. This may indicate an input discontinuity is occurring.
if (checkpoint_time_ == last_checkpoint_time) {
return base::nullopt;
}
// Suggest a render time by working backwards from the end time of the data
// currently recorded in the delay buffer. Subtract from the end time: 1) the
// maximum duration prebufferred in the resampler; 2) the duration to be
// rendered; 3) a safety margin (to help avoid underruns when the machine is
// under high stress).
const base::TimeDelta max_resampler_prebuffer_duration = Helper::FramesToTime(
kResamplerRequestSize + media::SincResampler::kKernelSize,
input_params_.sample_rate());
const base::TimeDelta render_duration =
Helper::FramesToTime(duration, output_params_.sample_rate());
const base::TimeDelta safety_margin =
GetReferenceTimeSkipThreshold(render_duration);
return checkpoint_time_ - max_resampler_prebuffer_duration - render_duration -
safety_margin;
}
void SnooperNode::Render(base::TimeTicks reference_time,
media::AudioBus* output_bus) {
DCHECK_EQ(output_bus->channels(), output_params_.channels());
DCHECK_EQ(output_bus->frames(), output_params_.frames_per_buffer());
TRACE_EVENT_WITH_FLOW1("audio", "SnooperNode::Render", this,
TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_FLOW_IN | TRACE_EVENT_FLAG_FLOW_OUT,
"reference_time (bogo-μs)",
reference_time.since_origin().InMicroseconds());
// Use the difference in reference times between OnData() and Render() to
// estimate the position of the audio about to come out of the resampler.
lock_.Acquire();
const FrameTicks estimated_output_position =
(write_position_ == kNullPosition)
? kNullPosition
: (write_position_ +
Helper::TimeToFrames(reference_time - write_reference_time_,
input_params_.sample_rate()));
lock_.Release();
// If recording has not started, just output silence.
if (estimated_output_position == kNullPosition) {
output_bus->Zero();
return;
}
// If this is the first Render() call after recording started, just initialize
// the starting read position. For all successive calls, adjust the resampler
// to account for drift, and also handle any significant time gaps between
// Render() calls.
if (read_position_ == kNullPosition) {
// Walk backwards from the estimated output position to initialize the read
// position.
read_position_ =
estimated_output_position + std::lround(resampler_.BufferedFrames());
DCHECK_EQ(correction_fps_, 0);
} else {
const base::TimeDelta threshold =
GetReferenceTimeSkipThreshold(output_bus_duration_);
const base::TimeDelta delta = reference_time - render_reference_time_;
if (delta.magnitude() < threshold) { // Normal case: No gap.
// Compute the drift, which is the number of frames the resampler is
// behind in reading from the delay buffer. This calculation also accounts
// for the frames buffered within the resampler.
const int64_t actual_output_position =
read_position_ - std::lround(resampler_.BufferedFrames());
const int drift = base::checked_cast<int>(estimated_output_position -
actual_output_position);
TRACE_COUNTER_ID1("audio", "SnooperNode Drift", this, drift);
// The goal is to have zero drift, and the target is to achieve that goal
// in approximately one second.
const int target_correction_fps = drift; // Drift divided by 1 second.
// The minimum amount to step-up or step-down the correction rate. Using
// this prevents excessive "churn" within the resampler, where otherwise
// it would be recomputing its convolution kernel too often.
const int fps_step = input_params_.sample_rate() / kStepBasisHz;
DCHECK_GT(fps_step, 0);
// Adjust the correction rate (and resampling ratio) if the above-computed
// |target_correction_fps| is more than one |fps_step| different than the
// current |correction_fps_|. Otherwise, leave the current rate unchanged,
// to avoid reconfiguring the resampler too often.
const int diff = target_correction_fps - correction_fps_;
if (diff > fps_step || diff < -fps_step) {
UpdateCorrectionRate(correction_fps_ + ((diff / fps_step) * fps_step));
} else {
// No correction necessary.
}
} else { // Some type of rewind, fast-forward, or a rendering gap.
TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT1("audio", "SnooperNode Render Skip",
TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_THREAD, "delta (μs)",
delta.InMicroseconds());
// Rather than flush and re-prime the resampler, just seek to its next
// read-from position.
read_position_ +=
Helper::TimeToFrames(delta, input_params_.sample_rate());
// This special event casts doubt on the validity of the current
// correction rates. The system is likely to behave differently going
// forward. Thus, set a zero correction rate.
UpdateCorrectionRate(0);
}
TRACE_COUNTER_ID1("audio", "SnooperNode Correction FPS", this,
correction_fps_);
}
// Perform resampling and also channel mixing, if required. The resampler will
// call ReadFromDelayBuffer(), as needed, to supply itself with more input
// data; and this will move the |read_position_| forward.
if (channel_mix_strategy_ == kAfter) {
resampler_.Resample(mix_bus_->frames(), mix_bus_.get());
channel_mixer_.Transform(mix_bus_.get(), output_bus);
} else {
resampler_.Resample(output_bus->frames(), output_bus);
}
render_reference_time_ = reference_time + output_bus_duration_;
}
void SnooperNode::UpdateCorrectionRate(int correction_fps) {
correction_fps_ = correction_fps;
const double ratio_adjustment =
static_cast<double>(correction_fps_) / input_params_.sample_rate();
DCHECK_GT(ratio_adjustment, -perfect_io_ratio_);
resampler_.SetRatio(perfect_io_ratio_ + ratio_adjustment);
}
void SnooperNode::ReadFromDelayBuffer(int ignored,
media::AudioBus* resampler_bus) {
DCHECK_NE(read_position_, kNullPosition);
const int frames_to_read = resampler_bus->frames();
TRACE_EVENT2("audio", "SnooperNode::ReadFromDelayBuffer", "read_position",
read_position_, "frames", frames_to_read);
if (channel_mix_strategy_ == kBefore) {
DCHECK_EQ(resampler_bus->channels(), output_params_.channels());
// Reallocate the |mix_bus_| if needed.
if (!mix_bus_ || mix_bus_->frames() < frames_to_read) {
mix_bus_ = nullptr; // Free memory before allocating more.
mix_bus_ =
media::AudioBus::Create(input_params_.channels(), frames_to_read);
}
// Do the read and also channel remix before resampling.
lock_.Acquire();
buffer_.Read(read_position_, frames_to_read, mix_bus_.get());
lock_.Release();
channel_mixer_.TransformPartial(mix_bus_.get(), frames_to_read,
resampler_bus);
} else {
DCHECK_EQ(resampler_bus->channels(), input_params_.channels());
lock_.Acquire();
buffer_.Read(read_position_, frames_to_read, resampler_bus);
lock_.Release();
}
read_position_ += frames_to_read;
}
} // namespace audio