blob: 69dc9255fe289e100b515aa2e9c48feeb03dc8c1 [file] [log] [blame]
// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "sandbox/win/src/process_mitigations.h"
#include <stddef.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <wow64apiset.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "base/check_op.h"
#include "base/files/file_path.h"
#include "base/notreached.h"
#include "base/scoped_native_library.h"
#include "base/win/windows_version.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "sandbox/win/src/nt_internals.h"
#include "sandbox/win/src/restricted_token_utils.h"
#include "sandbox/win/src/sandbox_rand.h"
#include "sandbox/win/src/win_utils.h"
namespace {
// API defined in libloaderapi.h >= Win8.
using SetDefaultDllDirectoriesFunction = decltype(&SetDefaultDllDirectories);
// APIs defined in processthreadsapi.h >= Win8.
using SetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction =
decltype(&SetProcessMitigationPolicy);
using GetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction =
decltype(&GetProcessMitigationPolicy);
using SetThreadInformationFunction = decltype(&SetThreadInformation);
// Returns a two-element array of mitigation flags supported on this machine.
// - This function is only useful on >= base::win::Version::WIN8.
const ULONG64* GetSupportedMitigations() {
static ULONG64 mitigations[2] = {};
// This static variable will only be initialized once.
if (!mitigations[0] && !mitigations[1]) {
GetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction get_process_mitigation_policy =
reinterpret_cast<GetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction>(::GetProcAddress(
::GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll"), "GetProcessMitigationPolicy"));
if (get_process_mitigation_policy) {
// NOTE: the two-element-sized input array is only supported on >= Win10
// RS2.
// If an earlier version, the second element will be left 0.
size_t mits_size =
(base::win::GetVersion() >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS2)
? (sizeof(mitigations[0]) * 2)
: sizeof(mitigations[0]);
if (!get_process_mitigation_policy(::GetCurrentProcess(),
ProcessMitigationOptionsMask,
&mitigations, mits_size)) {
NOTREACHED();
}
}
}
return &mitigations[0];
}
// Returns true if this is 32-bit Chrome running on ARM64 with emulation.
// Needed because ACG does not work with emulated code.
// See
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/porting/apps-on-arm-troubleshooting-x86.
// See https://crbug.com/977723.
// TODO(wfh): Move this code into base. See https://crbug.com/978257.
bool IsRunning32bitEmulatedOnArm64() {
#if defined(ARCH_CPU_X86)
using IsWow64Process2Function = decltype(&IsWow64Process2);
IsWow64Process2Function is_wow64_process2 =
reinterpret_cast<IsWow64Process2Function>(::GetProcAddress(
::GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll"), "IsWow64Process2"));
if (!is_wow64_process2)
return false;
USHORT process_machine;
USHORT native_machine;
bool retval = is_wow64_process2(::GetCurrentProcess(), &process_machine,
&native_machine);
if (!retval)
return false;
if (native_machine == IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARM64)
return true;
#endif // defined(ARCH_CPU_X86)
return false;
}
} // namespace
namespace sandbox {
bool ApplyProcessMitigationsToCurrentProcess(MitigationFlags flags) {
if (!CanSetProcessMitigationsPostStartup(flags))
return false;
base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion();
HMODULE module = ::GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll");
if (flags & MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER) {
SetDefaultDllDirectoriesFunction set_default_dll_directories =
reinterpret_cast<SetDefaultDllDirectoriesFunction>(
::GetProcAddress(module, "SetDefaultDllDirectories"));
// Check for SetDefaultDllDirectories since it requires KB2533623.
if (set_default_dll_directories) {
#if defined(COMPONENT_BUILD)
const DWORD directory_flags = LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DEFAULT_DIRS;
#else
// In a non-component build, all DLLs will be loaded manually, or via
// manifest definition, so these flags can be stronger. This prevents DLL
// planting in the application directory.
const DWORD directory_flags =
LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32 | LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS;
#endif
if (!set_default_dll_directories(directory_flags) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
}
// Set the heap to terminate on corruption
if (flags & MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE) {
if (!::HeapSetInformation(nullptr, HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption,
nullptr, 0) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_HARDEN_TOKEN_IL_POLICY) {
DWORD error = HardenProcessIntegrityLevelPolicy();
if ((error != ERROR_SUCCESS) && (error != ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED))
return false;
}
#if !defined(_WIN64) // DEP is always enabled on 64-bit.
if (flags & MITIGATION_DEP) {
DWORD dep_flags = PROCESS_DEP_ENABLE;
if (flags & MITIGATION_DEP_NO_ATL_THUNK)
dep_flags |= PROCESS_DEP_DISABLE_ATL_THUNK_EMULATION;
if (!::SetProcessDEPPolicy(dep_flags) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
#endif
// This is all we can do in Win7 and below.
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8)
return true;
SetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction set_process_mitigation_policy =
reinterpret_cast<SetProcessMitigationPolicyFunction>(
::GetProcAddress(module, "SetProcessMitigationPolicy"));
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy)
return false;
// Enable ASLR policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_ASLR_POLICY policy = {};
policy.EnableForceRelocateImages = true;
policy.DisallowStrippedImages =
(flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED) ==
MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessASLRPolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
// Enable strict handle policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECK_POLICY policy = {};
policy.HandleExceptionsPermanentlyEnabled =
policy.RaiseExceptionOnInvalidHandleReference = true;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessStrictHandleCheckPolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
// Enable system call policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_WIN32K_DISABLE) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_SYSTEM_CALL_DISABLE_POLICY policy = {};
policy.DisallowWin32kSystemCalls = true;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessSystemCallDisablePolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
// Enable extension point policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE_POLICY policy = {};
policy.DisableExtensionPoints = true;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessExtensionPointDisablePolicy,
&policy, sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8_1)
return true;
// Enable dynamic code policies.
if (!IsRunning32bitEmulatedOnArm64() &&
(flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE)) {
// Verify caller is not accidentally setting both mutually exclusive
// policies.
DCHECK(!(flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT));
PROCESS_MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_POLICY policy = {};
policy.ProhibitDynamicCode = true;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessDynamicCodePolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10)
return true;
// Enable font policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_NONSYSTEM_FONT_DISABLE) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_FONT_DISABLE_POLICY policy = {};
policy.DisableNonSystemFonts = true;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessFontDisablePolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10_TH2)
return true;
// Enable binary signing policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_FORCE_MS_SIGNED_BINS) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_BINARY_SIGNATURE_POLICY policy = {};
// Allow only MS signed binaries.
policy.MicrosoftSignedOnly = true;
// NOTE: there are two other flags available to allow
// 1) Only Windows Store signed.
// 2) MS-signed, Win Store signed, and WHQL signed binaries.
// Support not added at the moment.
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessSignaturePolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
// Enable image load policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE ||
flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL ||
flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32) {
PROCESS_MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_POLICY policy = {};
if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE)
policy.NoRemoteImages = true;
if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL)
policy.NoLowMandatoryLabelImages = true;
// PreferSystem32 is only supported on >= Anniversary.
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1 &&
flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32) {
policy.PreferSystem32Images = true;
}
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessImageLoadPolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1)
return true;
// Enable dynamic code policies.
// Per-thread opt-out is only supported on >= Anniversary (RS1).
if (!IsRunning32bitEmulatedOnArm64() &&
(flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT)) {
// Verify caller is not accidentally setting both mutually exclusive
// policies.
DCHECK(!(flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE));
PROCESS_MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_POLICY policy = {};
policy.ProhibitDynamicCode = true;
policy.AllowThreadOptOut = true;
if (!set_process_mitigation_policy(ProcessDynamicCodePolicy, &policy,
sizeof(policy)) &&
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED != ::GetLastError()) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
bool ApplyMitigationsToCurrentThread(MitigationFlags flags) {
if (!CanSetMitigationsPerThread(flags))
return false;
base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion();
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1)
return true;
// Enable dynamic code per-thread policies.
if (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_OPT_OUT_THIS_THREAD) {
DWORD thread_policy = THREAD_DYNAMIC_CODE_ALLOW;
// NOTE: SetThreadInformation API only exists on >= Win8. Dynamically
// get function handle.
base::ScopedNativeLibrary dll(base::FilePath(L"kernel32.dll"));
if (!dll.is_valid())
return false;
SetThreadInformationFunction set_thread_info_function =
reinterpret_cast<SetThreadInformationFunction>(
dll.GetFunctionPointer("SetThreadInformation"));
if (!set_thread_info_function)
return false;
// NOTE: Must use the pseudo-handle here, a thread HANDLE won't work.
if (!set_thread_info_function(::GetCurrentThread(), ThreadDynamicCodePolicy,
&thread_policy, sizeof(thread_policy))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
void ConvertProcessMitigationsToPolicy(MitigationFlags flags,
DWORD64* policy_flags,
size_t* size) {
base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion();
// |policy_flags| is a two-element array of DWORD64s. Ensure mitigation flags
// from PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_* go into the second value. If
// any flags are set in value 2, update |size| to include both elements.
DWORD64* policy_value_1 = &policy_flags[0];
DWORD64* policy_value_2 = &policy_flags[1];
*policy_value_1 = 0;
*policy_value_2 = 0;
#if defined(_WIN64)
*size = sizeof(*policy_flags);
#elif defined(_M_IX86)
// A 64-bit flags attribute is illegal on 32-bit Win 7.
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8)
*size = sizeof(DWORD);
else
*size = sizeof(*policy_flags);
#else
#error This platform is not supported.
#endif
// DEP and SEHOP are not valid for 64-bit Windows
#if !defined(_WIN64)
if (flags & MITIGATION_DEP) {
*policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_DEP_ENABLE;
if (!(flags & MITIGATION_DEP_NO_ATL_THUNK))
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_DEP_ATL_THUNK_ENABLE;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_SEHOP)
*policy_value_1 |= PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_SEHOP_ENABLE;
#endif
// Win 7
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8)
return;
// Everything >= Win8, do not return before the end of the function where
// the final policy bitmap is sanity checked against what is supported on this
// machine. The API required to do so is only available since Win8.
// Mitigations >= Win8:
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN8) {
if (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_FORCE_RELOCATE_IMAGES_ALWAYS_ON;
if (flags & MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_FORCE_RELOCATE_IMAGES_ALWAYS_ON_REQ_RELOCS;
}
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_HEAP_TERMINATE_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_HIGH_ENTROPY_ASLR) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_HIGH_ENTROPY_ASLR_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_WIN32K_DISABLE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_WIN32K_SYSTEM_CALL_DISABLE_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE_ALWAYS_ON;
}
}
// Mitigations >= Win8.1:
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN8_1) {
if (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_PROHIBIT_DYNAMIC_CODE_ALWAYS_ON;
}
}
// Mitigations >= Win10:
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10) {
if (flags & MITIGATION_NONSYSTEM_FONT_DISABLE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_FONT_DISABLE_ALWAYS_ON;
}
}
// Mitigations >= Win10 TH2:
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_TH2) {
if (flags & MITIGATION_FORCE_MS_SIGNED_BINS) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_BLOCK_NON_MICROSOFT_BINARIES_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE_ALWAYS_ON;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL_ALWAYS_ON;
}
}
// Mitigations >= Win10 RS1 ("Anniversary"):
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS1) {
if (flags & MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_PROHIBIT_DYNAMIC_CODE_ALWAYS_ON_ALLOW_OPT_OUT;
}
if (flags & MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32) {
*policy_value_1 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYSTEM32_ALWAYS_ON;
}
}
// Mitigations >= Win10 RS3 ("Fall Creator's"):
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS3) {
// Note: This mitigation requires not only Win10 1709, but also the January
// 2018 security updates and any applicable firmware updates from the
// OEM device manufacturer.
// Note: Applying this mitigation attribute on creation will succeed, even
// if the underlying hardware does not support the implementation.
// Windows just does its best under the hood for the given hardware.
if (flags & MITIGATION_RESTRICT_INDIRECT_BRANCH_PREDICTION) {
*policy_value_2 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_RESTRICT_INDIRECT_BRANCH_PREDICTION_ALWAYS_ON;
}
}
// Mitigations >= Win10 20H1
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_20H1) {
if (flags & MITIGATION_CET_DISABLED) {
*policy_value_2 |=
PROCESS_CREATION_MITIGATION_POLICY2_CET_USER_SHADOW_STACKS_ALWAYS_OFF;
}
}
// When done setting policy flags, sanity check supported policies on this
// machine, and then update |size|.
const ULONG64* supported = GetSupportedMitigations();
*policy_value_1 = *policy_value_1 & supported[0];
*policy_value_2 = *policy_value_2 & supported[1];
// Only include the second element in |size| if it is non-zero. Else,
// UpdateProcThreadAttribute() will return a failure when setting policies.
if (*policy_value_2 && version >= base::win::Version::WIN10_RS2) {
*size = sizeof(*policy_flags) * 2;
}
return;
}
void ConvertProcessMitigationsToComponentFilter(MitigationFlags flags,
COMPONENT_FILTER* filter) {
filter->ComponentFlags = 0;
if (flags & MITIGATION_KTM_COMPONENT) {
filter->ComponentFlags = COMPONENT_KTM;
}
}
MitigationFlags FilterPostStartupProcessMitigations(MitigationFlags flags) {
base::win::Version version = base::win::GetVersion();
// Windows 7.
if (version < base::win::Version::WIN8) {
return flags & (MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER |
MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE);
}
// Windows 8 and above.
return flags & (MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER);
}
bool ApplyProcessMitigationsToSuspendedProcess(HANDLE process,
MitigationFlags flags) {
// This is a hack to fake a weak bottom-up ASLR on 32-bit Windows.
#if !defined(_WIN64)
if (flags & MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR) {
unsigned int limit;
GetRandom(&limit);
char* ptr = 0;
const size_t kMask64k = 0xFFFF;
// Random range (512k-16.5mb) in 64k steps.
const char* end = ptr + ((((limit % 16384) + 512) * 1024) & ~kMask64k);
while (ptr < end) {
MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memory_info;
if (!::VirtualQueryEx(process, ptr, &memory_info, sizeof(memory_info)))
break;
size_t size = std::min((memory_info.RegionSize + kMask64k) & ~kMask64k,
static_cast<SIZE_T>(end - ptr));
if (ptr && memory_info.State == MEM_FREE)
::VirtualAllocEx(process, ptr, size, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_NOACCESS);
ptr += size;
}
}
#endif
return true;
}
MitigationFlags GetAllowedPostStartupProcessMitigations() {
return MITIGATION_HEAP_TERMINATE |
MITIGATION_DEP |
MITIGATION_DEP_NO_ATL_THUNK |
MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE |
MITIGATION_RELOCATE_IMAGE_REQUIRED |
MITIGATION_BOTTOM_UP_ASLR |
MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS |
MITIGATION_EXTENSION_POINT_DISABLE |
MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER |
MITIGATION_HARDEN_TOKEN_IL_POLICY |
MITIGATION_WIN32K_DISABLE |
MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE |
MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_DISABLE_WITH_OPT_OUT |
MITIGATION_FORCE_MS_SIGNED_BINS |
MITIGATION_NONSYSTEM_FONT_DISABLE |
MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_REMOTE |
MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_NO_LOW_LABEL |
MITIGATION_IMAGE_LOAD_PREFER_SYS32;
}
bool CanSetProcessMitigationsPostStartup(MitigationFlags flags) {
// All of these mitigations can be enabled after startup.
return !(flags & ~GetAllowedPostStartupProcessMitigations());
}
bool CanSetProcessMitigationsPreStartup(MitigationFlags flags) {
// These mitigations cannot be enabled prior to startup.
return !(flags &
(MITIGATION_STRICT_HANDLE_CHECKS | MITIGATION_DLL_SEARCH_ORDER));
}
bool CanSetMitigationsPerThread(MitigationFlags flags) {
// If any flags EXCEPT these are set, fail.
if (flags & ~(MITIGATION_DYNAMIC_CODE_OPT_OUT_THIS_THREAD))
return false;
return true;
}
} // namespace sandbox