printing/common/metafile_utils.cc

// Copyright 2017 The Chromium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "printing/common/metafile_utils.h"

#include <string_view>
#include <variant>

#include "base/check.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/containers/span.h"
#include "base/containers/span_reader.h"
#include "base/strings/stringprintf.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "pdf/pdf_accessibility_constants.h"
#include "printing/buildflags/buildflags.h"
#include "printing/mojom/print.mojom.h"
#include "skia/ext/codec_utils.h"
#include "skia/ext/font_utils.h"
#include "skia/ext/skia_utils_base.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkCanvas.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkFontMgr.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkImage.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkPicture.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkPictureRecorder.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkStream.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkString.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkTypeface.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/docs/SkPDFDocument.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/private/chromium/SkImageChromium.h"
#include "ui/accessibility/ax_node.h"
#include "ui/accessibility/ax_role_properties.h"
#include "ui/accessibility/ax_tree.h"
#include "ui/accessibility/ax_tree_update.h"
#include "ui/gfx/skia_span_util.h"

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
// XpsObjectModel.h indirectly includes <wincrypt.h> which is
// incompatible with Chromium's OpenSSL. By including wincrypt_shim.h
// first, problems are avoided.
// clang-format off
#include "base/win/wincrypt_shim.h"

#include <XpsObjectModel.h>
#include <objbase.h>
// clang-format on

#include "third_party/skia/include/docs/SkXPSDocument.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/encode/SkPngRustEncoder.h"
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)

namespace {

SkString GetHeadingStructureType(int heading_level) {
  // From Table 366 in PDF 32000-2:2020 spec, section 14.8.4.5,
  // "H1"..."H6" are valid structure types.
  if (heading_level >= 1 && heading_level <= 6)
    return SkString(base::StringPrintf("H%d", heading_level).c_str());

  // If we don't have a valid heading level, use the generic heading role.
  return SkString(chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeHeading);
}

SkPDF::DateTime TimeToSkTime(base::Time time) {
  base::Time::Exploded exploded;
  time.UTCExplode(&exploded);
  return SkPDF::DateTime{
      .fTimeZoneMinutes = 0,
      .fYear = static_cast<uint16_t>(exploded.year),
      .fMonth = static_cast<uint8_t>(exploded.month),
      .fDayOfWeek = static_cast<uint8_t>(exploded.day_of_week),
      .fDay = static_cast<uint8_t>(exploded.day_of_month),
      .fHour = static_cast<uint8_t>(exploded.hour),
      .fMinute = static_cast<uint8_t>(exploded.minute),
      .fSecond = static_cast<uint8_t>(exploded.second)};
}

sk_sp<SkPicture> GetEmptyPicture() {
  SkPictureRecorder rec;
  SkCanvas* canvas = rec.beginRecording(100, 100);
  // Add some ops whose net effects equal to a noop.
  canvas->save();
  canvas->restore();
  return rec.finishRecordingAsPicture();
}

// Convert an AXNode into a SkPDF::StructureElementNode in order to make a
// tagged (accessible) PDF. Returns true on success and false if we don't
// have enough data to build a valid tree.
bool RecursiveBuildStructureTree(const ui::AXNode* ax_node,
                                 SkPDF::StructureElementNode* tag) {
  bool valid = false;

  tag->fNodeId = ax_node->data().GetDOMNodeId();
  switch (ax_node->GetRole()) {
    case ax::mojom::Role::kRootWebArea:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeDocument;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kParagraph:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeParagraph;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kGenericContainer:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeNonStruct;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kGroup:
      // A Div is not the same as an HTML div, it can be semantically
      // meaningful. In the current draft of PDF-AAM, Div will be mapped
      // to role group.
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeDiv;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kArticle:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeArticle;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kBlockquote:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeBlockQuote;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kCaption: {
      ui::AXNode* parent = ax_node->GetParent();
      if (parent->IsTable()) {
        // PDF 32000-2:2020 Table 371 Caption must be the first or last child
        // of Table, luckily, the AXTree always reorders caption to be the
        // first child.
        DCHECK_EQ(parent->GetUnignoredChildAtIndex(0), ax_node);
        tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeCaption;
      } else {
        // TODO(crbug.com/448962793) Investigate in which other scenarios a
        // node with role caption should be mapped to PDF Tag caption.
        tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeNonStruct;
      }
      break;
    }
    case ax::mojom::Role::kCode:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeCode;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kComplementary:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeAside;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kHeading:
      tag->fTypeString = GetHeadingStructureType(ax_node->GetIntAttribute(
          ax::mojom::IntAttribute::kHierarchicalLevel));
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kLink:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeLink;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kEmphasis:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeEmphasis;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kStrong:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeStrong;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kList:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeList;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kListMarker:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeListItemLabel;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kListItem:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeListItemBody;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kGrid:
    case ax::mojom::Role::kTable:
    case ax::mojom::Role::kTreeGrid:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeTable;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kRow:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeTableRow;
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kColumnHeader:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeTableHeader;
      tag->fAttributes.appendName(chrome_pdf::kPDFTableAttributeOwner,
                                  chrome_pdf::kPDFTableHeaderScopeAttribute,
                                  chrome_pdf::kPDFTableHeaderScopeColumn);
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kRowHeader:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeTableHeader;
      tag->fAttributes.appendName(chrome_pdf::kPDFTableAttributeOwner,
                                  chrome_pdf::kPDFTableHeaderScopeAttribute,
                                  chrome_pdf::kPDFTableHeaderScopeRow);
      break;
    case ax::mojom::Role::kCell:
    case ax::mojom::Role::kGridCell: {
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeTableCell;

      // Append an attribute consisting of the string IDs of all of the
      // header cells that correspond to this table cell.
      std::vector<ui::AXNode*> header_nodes;
      ax_node->GetTableCellColHeaders(&header_nodes);
      ax_node->GetTableCellRowHeaders(&header_nodes);
      std::vector<int> header_ids;
      header_ids.reserve(header_nodes.size());
      for (ui::AXNode* header_node : header_nodes) {
        header_ids.push_back(header_node->data().GetDOMNodeId());
      }
      tag->fAttributes.appendNodeIdArray(
          chrome_pdf::kPDFTableAttributeOwner,
          chrome_pdf::kPDFTableCellHeadersAttribute, header_ids);
      break;
    }
    case ax::mojom::Role::kImage:
      // TODO(thestig): Figure out if the `ax::mojom::Role::kFigure` case should
      // share code with the `ax::mojom::Role::kImage` case, and if `valid`
      // should be set.
      valid = true;
      [[fallthrough]];
    case ax::mojom::Role::kFigure: {
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeFigure;
      std::string alt =
          ax_node->GetStringAttribute(ax::mojom::StringAttribute::kName);
      tag->fAlt = SkString(alt.c_str());
      break;
    }
    case ax::mojom::Role::kStaticText:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeNonStruct;
      valid = true;
      break;
    default:
      tag->fTypeString = chrome_pdf::kPDFStructureTypeNonStruct;
      break;
  }

  if (ui::IsCellOrTableHeader(ax_node->GetRole())) {
    std::optional<int> row_span = ax_node->GetTableCellRowSpan();
    if (row_span.has_value()) {
      tag->fAttributes.appendInt(chrome_pdf::kPDFTableAttributeOwner,
                                 chrome_pdf::kPDFTableCellRowSpanAttribute,
                                 row_span.value());
    }
    std::optional<int> col_span = ax_node->GetTableCellColSpan();
    if (col_span.has_value()) {
      tag->fAttributes.appendInt(chrome_pdf::kPDFTableAttributeOwner,
                                 chrome_pdf::kPDFTableCellColSpanAttribute,
                                 col_span.value());
    }
  }

  std::string lang = ax_node->GetLanguage();
  std::string parent_lang =
      ax_node->parent() ? ax_node->parent()->GetLanguage() : "";
  if (!lang.empty() && lang != parent_lang)
    tag->fLang = lang.c_str();

  tag->fChildVector.resize(ax_node->GetUnignoredChildCount());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < tag->fChildVector.size(); i++) {
    tag->fChildVector[i] = std::make_unique<SkPDF::StructureElementNode>();
    valid |= RecursiveBuildStructureTree(ax_node->GetUnignoredChildAtIndex(i),
                                         tag->fChildVector[i].get());
  }

  return valid;
}

sk_sp<const SkData> GetImageData(SkImage* img) {
  // Skip the encoding step if the image is already encoded
  if (auto data = img->refEncodedData()) {
    return data;
  }

  // TODO(crbug.com/40073326) Convert texture-backed images to raster
  // *before* they get this far if possible.
  if (img->isTextureBacked()) {
    GrDirectContext* ctx = SkImages::GetContext(img);
    return skia::EncodePngAsSkData(ctx, img);
  }
  return skia::EncodePngAsSkData(nullptr, img);
}

}  // namespace

namespace printing {

sk_sp<SkDocument> MakePdfDocument(
    std::string_view creator,
    std::string_view title,
    const ui::AXTreeUpdate& accessibility_tree,
    mojom::GenerateDocumentOutline generate_document_outline,
    SkWStream* stream) {
  SkPDF::Metadata metadata;
  SkPDF::DateTime now = TimeToSkTime(base::Time::Now());
  metadata.fCreation = now;
  metadata.fModified = now;
  metadata.fCreator =
      creator.empty() ? SkString("Chromium") : SkString(creator);
  metadata.fTitle = SkString(title);
  metadata.fRasterDPI = 300.0f;

  SkPDF::StructureElementNode tag_root = {};
  if (!accessibility_tree.nodes.empty()) {
    ui::AXTree tree(accessibility_tree);
    if (RecursiveBuildStructureTree(tree.root(), &tag_root)) {
      metadata.fStructureElementTreeRoot = &tag_root;
      metadata.fOutline =
          generate_document_outline == mojom::GenerateDocumentOutline::kNone
              ? SkPDF::Metadata::Outline::None
              : SkPDF::Metadata::Outline::StructureElementHeaders;
    }
  }

  return SkPDF::MakeDocument(stream, metadata);
}

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
sk_sp<SkDocument> MakeXpsDocument(SkWStream* stream) {
  IXpsOMObjectFactory* factory = nullptr;
  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_XpsOMObjectFactory, nullptr,
                                CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_PPV_ARGS(&factory));
  if (FAILED(hr) || !factory) {
    DLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create XPS object factory: "
                << logging::SystemErrorCodeToString(hr);
    return nullptr;
  }

  SkXPS::Options opts;
  opts.pngEncoder = [](SkWStream* dst, const SkPixmap& src) {
    return SkPngRustEncoder::Encode(dst, src, {});
  };
  return SkXPS::MakeDocument(stream, factory, opts);
}
#endif

sk_sp<SkData> SerializeOopPicture(SkPicture* pic, void* ctx) {
  const auto* context = reinterpret_cast<const ContentToProxyTokenMap*>(ctx);
  uint32_t pic_id = pic->uniqueID();
  auto iter = context->find(pic_id);
  if (iter == context->end()) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  return gfx::MakeSkDataFromSpanWithCopy(base::byte_span_from_ref(pic_id));
}

sk_sp<SkPicture> DeserializeOopPicture(const void* data,
                                       size_t length,
                                       void* ctx) {
  uint32_t pic_id;
  if (length < sizeof(pic_id)) {
    NOTREACHED();  // Should not happen if the content is as written.
  }
  UNSAFE_TODO(memcpy(&pic_id, data, sizeof(pic_id)));

  auto* context = reinterpret_cast<PictureDeserializationContext*>(ctx);
  auto iter = context->find(pic_id);
  if (iter == context->end() || !iter->second) {
    // When we don't have the out-of-process picture available, we return
    // an empty picture. Returning a nullptr will cause the deserialization
    // crash.
    return GetEmptyPicture();
  }
  return iter->second;
}

sk_sp<SkData> SerializeOopTypeface(SkTypeface* typeface, void* ctx) {
  auto* context = reinterpret_cast<TypefaceSerializationContext*>(ctx);
  SkTypefaceID typeface_id = typeface->uniqueID();
  bool data_included = context->insert(typeface_id).second;

  // Need the typeface ID to identify the desired typeface.  Include an
  // indicator for when typeface data actually follows vs. when the typeface
  // should already exist in a cache when deserializing.
  SkDynamicMemoryWStream stream;
  stream.write32(typeface_id);
  stream.writeBool(data_included);
  if (data_included) {
    typeface->serialize(&stream, SkTypeface::SerializeBehavior::kDoIncludeData);
  }
  return stream.detachAsData();
}

sk_sp<SkTypeface> DeserializeOopTypeface(const void* data,
                                         size_t length,
                                         void* ctx) {
  SkStream* stream = *(reinterpret_cast<SkStream**>(const_cast<void*>(data)));
  if (length < sizeof(stream)) {
    NOTREACHED();  // Should not happen if the content is as written.
  }

  SkTypefaceID id;
  if (!stream->readU32(&id)) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  bool data_included;
  if (!stream->readBool(&data_included)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto* context = reinterpret_cast<TypefaceDeserializationContext*>(ctx);
  auto iter = context->find(id);
  if (iter != context->end()) {
    DCHECK(!data_included);
    return iter->second;
  }

  // Typeface not encountered before, expect it to be present in the stream.
  DCHECK(data_included);
  sk_sp<SkTypeface> typeface =
      SkTypeface::MakeDeserialize(stream, skia::DefaultFontMgr());
  context->emplace(id, typeface);
  return typeface;
}

sk_sp<SkData> SerializeRasterImage(SkImage* img, void* ctx) {
  if (!img) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto* context = reinterpret_cast<ImageSerializationContext*>(ctx);

  uint32_t img_id = img->uniqueID();
  if (context->contains(img_id)) {
    return SkData::MakeWithCopy(&img_id, sizeof(img_id));
  }

  sk_sp<const SkData> img_data = GetImageData(img);
  if (!img_data) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Store image id followed by the image data on the first occurrence
  // of an image.
  auto data = SkData::MakeUninitialized(
      base::CheckAdd(img_data->size(), sizeof(img_id)).ValueOrDie());

  // SAFETY: The span is used as a view to avoid direct pointer access.
  auto [id_span, data_span] =
      skia::as_writable_byte_span(*data).split_at<sizeof(img_id)>();
  id_span.copy_from(base::byte_span_from_ref(img_id));
  data_span.copy_from(gfx::SkDataToSpan(img_data));

  context->insert(img_id);

  return data;
}

sk_sp<SkImage> DeserializeRasterImage(const void* bytes,
                                      size_t length,
                                      void* ctx) {
  auto* context = reinterpret_cast<ImageDeserializationContext*>(ctx);

  // SAFETY: The caller must provide a valid pointer and length.
  base::SpanReader reader{
      UNSAFE_BUFFERS(base::span(static_cast<const uint8_t*>(bytes), length))};

  uint32_t img_id;
  if (!reader.ReadU32NativeEndian(img_id)) {
    // If there is no room for id, there cannot be meaningful image data.
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto iter = context->find(img_id);
  if (iter != context->end() && iter->second) {
    return iter->second;
  }

  if (!reader.remaining()) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Copy the data to avoid `bytes` being freed before the image is decoded.
  auto data_span = reader.remaining_span();
  auto img_data = SkData::MakeWithCopy(data_span.data(), data_span.size());

  // Need to explicitly decode here, as the data are prefixed with image id,
  // invalidating the built-in Skia fallback.
  auto image = SkImages::DeferredFromEncodedData(img_data);
  if (!image) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  (*context)[img_id] = image;
  return image;
}

SkSerialProcs SerializationProcs(PictureSerializationContext* picture_ctx,
                                 TypefaceSerializationContext* typeface_ctx,
                                 ImageSerializationContext* image_ctx) {
  SkSerialProcs procs;
  procs.fImageProc = SerializeRasterImage;
  procs.fImageCtx = image_ctx;
  procs.fPictureProc = SerializeOopPicture;
  procs.fPictureCtx = picture_ctx;
  procs.fTypefaceProc = SerializeOopTypeface;
  procs.fTypefaceCtx = typeface_ctx;
  return procs;
}

SkDeserialProcs DeserializationProcs(
    PictureDeserializationContext* picture_ctx,
    TypefaceDeserializationContext* typeface_ctx,
    ImageDeserializationContext* image_ctx) {
  SkDeserialProcs procs;
  procs.fImageProc = DeserializeRasterImage;
  procs.fImageCtx = image_ctx;
  procs.fPictureProc = DeserializeOopPicture;
  procs.fPictureCtx = picture_ctx;
  procs.fTypefaceProc = DeserializeOopTypeface;
  procs.fTypefaceCtx = typeface_ctx;
  return procs;
}

}  // namespace printing