printing/backend/cups_jobs.cc

// Copyright 2017 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "printing/backend/cups_jobs.h"

#include <cups/ipp.h>

#include <array>
#include <map>
#include <memory>

#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/stl_util.h"
#include "base/strings/string_piece.h"
#include "base/strings/stringprintf.h"
#include "base/threading/scoped_blocking_call.h"
#include "base/version.h"
#include "printing/backend/cups_deleters.h"
#include "printing/backend/cups_ipp_util.h"

namespace printing {
namespace {

using PReason = PrinterStatus::PrinterReason::Reason;
using PSeverity = PrinterStatus::PrinterReason::Severity;

// printer attributes
const char kPrinterUri[] = "printer-uri";
const char kPrinterState[] = "printer-state";
const char kPrinterStateReasons[] = "printer-state-reasons";
const char kPrinterStateMessage[] = "printer-state-message";

const char kPrinterMakeAndModel[] = "printer-make-and-model";
const char kIppVersionsSupported[] = "ipp-versions-supported";
const char kIppFeaturesSupported[] = "ipp-features-supported";
const char kDocumentFormatSupported[] = "document-format-supported";

// job attributes
const char kJobUri[] = "job-uri";
const char kJobId[] = "job-id";
const char kJobState[] = "job-state";
const char kJobStateReasons[] = "job-state-reasons";
const char kJobStateMessage[] = "job-state-message";
const char kJobImpressionsCompleted[] = "job-impressions-completed";
const char kTimeAtProcessing[] = "time-at-processing";

// request parameters
const char kRequestedAttributes[] = "requested-attributes";
const char kWhichJobs[] = "which-jobs";
const char kLimit[] = "limit";

// request values
const char kCompleted[] = "completed";
const char kNotCompleted[] = "not-completed";

// ipp features
const char kIppEverywhere[] = "ipp-everywhere";

// printer state severities
const char kSeverityReport[] = "report";
const char kSeverityWarn[] = "warning";
const char kSeverityError[] = "error";

// printer state reason values
const char kNone[] = "none";
const char kMediaNeeded[] = "media-needed";
const char kMediaJam[] = "media-jam";
const char kMovingToPaused[] = "moving-to-paused";
const char kPaused[] = "paused";
const char kShutdown[] = "shutdown";
const char kConnectingToDevice[] = "connecting-to-device";
const char kTimedOut[] = "timed-out";
const char kStopping[] = "stopping";
const char kStoppedPartly[] = "stopped-partly";
const char kTonerLow[] = "toner-low";
const char kTonerEmpty[] = "toner-empty";
const char kSpoolAreaFull[] = "spool-area-full";
const char kCoverOpen[] = "cover-open";
const char kInterlockOpen[] = "interlock-open";
const char kDoorOpen[] = "door-open";
const char kInputTrayMissing[] = "input-tray-missing";
const char kMediaLow[] = "media-low";
const char kMediaEmpty[] = "media-empty";
const char kOutputTrayMissing[] = "output-tray-missing";
const char kOutputAreaAlmostFull[] = "output-area-almost-full";
const char kOutputAreaFull[] = "output-area-full";
const char kMarkerSupplyLow[] = "marker-supply-low";
const char kMarkerSupplyEmpty[] = "marker-supply-empty";
const char kMarkerWasteAlmostFull[] = "marker-waste-almost-full";
const char kMarkerWasteFull[] = "marker-waste-full";
const char kFuserOverTemp[] = "fuser-over-temp";
const char kFuserUnderTemp[] = "fuser-under-temp";
const char kOpcNearEol[] = "opc-near-eol";
const char kOpcLifeOver[] = "opc-life-over";
const char kDeveloperLow[] = "developer-low";
const char kDeveloperEmpty[] = "developer-empty";
const char kInterpreterResourceUnavailable[] =
    "interpreter-resource-unavailable";

constexpr char kIppScheme[] = "ipp";
constexpr char kIppsScheme[] = "ipps";

// Timeout for establishing a HTTP connection in milliseconds.  Anecdotally,
// some print servers are slow and can use the extra time.
constexpr int kHttpConnectTimeoutMs = 1000;

constexpr std::array<const char* const, 3> kPrinterAttributes{
    {kPrinterState, kPrinterStateReasons, kPrinterStateMessage}};

constexpr std::array<const char* const, 4> kPrinterInfo{
    {kPrinterMakeAndModel, kIppVersionsSupported, kIppFeaturesSupported,
     kDocumentFormatSupported}};

using ScopedHttpPtr = std::unique_ptr<http_t, HttpDeleter>;

// Converts an IPP attribute |attr| to the appropriate JobState enum.
CupsJob::JobState ToJobState(ipp_attribute_t* attr) {
  DCHECK_EQ(IPP_TAG_ENUM, ippGetValueTag(attr));
  int state = ippGetInteger(attr, 0);
  switch (state) {
    case IPP_JOB_ABORTED:
      return CupsJob::ABORTED;
    case IPP_JOB_CANCELLED:
      return CupsJob::CANCELED;
    case IPP_JOB_COMPLETED:
      return CupsJob::COMPLETED;
    case IPP_JOB_HELD:
      return CupsJob::HELD;
    case IPP_JOB_PENDING:
      return CupsJob::PENDING;
    case IPP_JOB_PROCESSING:
      return CupsJob::PROCESSING;
    case IPP_JOB_STOPPED:
      return CupsJob::STOPPED;
    default:
      NOTREACHED() << "Unidentifed state " << state;
      break;
  }

  return CupsJob::UNKNOWN;
}

// Returns a lookup map from strings to PrinterReason::Reason.
const std::map<base::StringPiece, PReason>& GetLabelToReason() {
  static const std::map<base::StringPiece, PReason> kLabelToReason =
      std::map<base::StringPiece, PReason>{
          {kNone, PReason::NONE},
          {kMediaNeeded, PReason::MEDIA_NEEDED},
          {kMediaJam, PReason::MEDIA_JAM},
          {kMovingToPaused, PReason::MOVING_TO_PAUSED},
          {kPaused, PReason::PAUSED},
          {kShutdown, PReason::SHUTDOWN},
          {kConnectingToDevice, PReason::CONNECTING_TO_DEVICE},
          {kTimedOut, PReason::TIMED_OUT},
          {kStopping, PReason::STOPPING},
          {kStoppedPartly, PReason::STOPPED_PARTLY},
          {kTonerLow, PReason::TONER_LOW},
          {kTonerEmpty, PReason::TONER_EMPTY},
          {kSpoolAreaFull, PReason::SPOOL_AREA_FULL},
          {kCoverOpen, PReason::COVER_OPEN},
          {kInterlockOpen, PReason::INTERLOCK_OPEN},
          {kDoorOpen, PReason::DOOR_OPEN},
          {kInputTrayMissing, PReason::INPUT_TRAY_MISSING},
          {kMediaLow, PReason::MEDIA_LOW},
          {kMediaEmpty, PReason::MEDIA_EMPTY},
          {kOutputTrayMissing, PReason::OUTPUT_TRAY_MISSING},
          {kOutputAreaAlmostFull, PReason::OUTPUT_AREA_ALMOST_FULL},
          {kOutputAreaFull, PReason::OUTPUT_AREA_FULL},
          {kMarkerSupplyLow, PReason::MARKER_SUPPLY_LOW},
          {kMarkerSupplyEmpty, PReason::MARKER_SUPPLY_EMPTY},
          {kMarkerWasteAlmostFull, PReason::MARKER_WASTE_ALMOST_FULL},
          {kMarkerWasteFull, PReason::MARKER_WASTE_FULL},
          {kFuserOverTemp, PReason::FUSER_OVER_TEMP},
          {kFuserUnderTemp, PReason::FUSER_UNDER_TEMP},
          {kOpcNearEol, PReason::OPC_NEAR_EOL},
          {kOpcLifeOver, PReason::OPC_LIFE_OVER},
          {kDeveloperLow, PReason::DEVELOPER_LOW},
          {kDeveloperEmpty, PReason::DEVELOPER_EMPTY},
          {kInterpreterResourceUnavailable,
           PReason::INTERPRETER_RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE},
      };
  return kLabelToReason;
}

// Returns the Reason cooresponding to the string |reason|.  Returns
// UNKOWN_REASON if the string is not recognized.
PrinterStatus::PrinterReason::Reason ToReason(base::StringPiece reason) {
  const auto& enum_map = GetLabelToReason();
  const auto& entry = enum_map.find(reason);
  return entry != enum_map.end() ? entry->second : PReason::UNKNOWN_REASON;
}

// Returns the Severity cooresponding to |severity|.  Returns UNKNOWN_SEVERITY
// if the strin gis not recognized.
PSeverity ToSeverity(base::StringPiece severity) {
  if (severity == kSeverityError)
    return PSeverity::ERROR;

  if (severity == kSeverityWarn)
    return PSeverity::WARNING;

  if (severity == kSeverityReport)
    return PSeverity::REPORT;

  return PSeverity::UNKNOWN_SEVERITY;
}

// Parses the |reason| string into a PrinterReason.  Splits the string based on
// the last '-' to determine severity.  If a recognized severity is not
// included, severity is assumed to be ERROR per RFC2911.
PrinterStatus::PrinterReason ToPrinterReason(base::StringPiece reason) {
  PrinterStatus::PrinterReason parsed;

  if (reason == kNone) {
    parsed.reason = PReason::NONE;
    parsed.severity = PSeverity::UNKNOWN_SEVERITY;
    return parsed;
  }

  size_t last_dash = reason.rfind('-');
  auto severity = PSeverity::UNKNOWN_SEVERITY;
  if (last_dash != base::StringPiece::npos) {
    // try to parse the last part of the string as the severity.
    severity = ToSeverity(reason.substr(last_dash + 1));
  }

  if (severity == PSeverity::UNKNOWN_SEVERITY) {
    // Severity is unknown.  No severity in the reason.
    // Per spec, if there is no severity, severity is error.
    parsed.severity = PSeverity::ERROR;
    parsed.reason = ToReason(reason);
  } else {
    parsed.severity = severity;
    // reason is the beginning of the string
    parsed.reason = ToReason(reason.substr(0, last_dash));
  }

  return parsed;
}

// Populates |collection| with the collection of strings in |attr|.
void ParseCollection(ipp_attribute_t* attr,
                     std::vector<std::string>* collection) {
  int count = ippGetCount(attr);
  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    base::StringPiece value = ippGetString(attr, i, nullptr);
    collection->push_back(value.as_string());
  }
}

// Parse a field for the CupsJob |job| from IPP attribute |attr| using the
// attribute name |name|.
void ParseField(ipp_attribute_t* attr, base::StringPiece name, CupsJob* job) {
  DCHECK(!name.empty());
  if (name == kJobId) {
    job->id = ippGetInteger(attr, 0);
  } else if (name == kJobImpressionsCompleted) {
    job->current_pages = ippGetInteger(attr, 0);
  } else if (name == kJobState) {
    job->state = ToJobState(attr);
  } else if (name == kJobStateReasons) {
    ParseCollection(attr, &(job->state_reasons));
  } else if (name == kJobStateMessage) {
    job->state_message = ippGetString(attr, 0, nullptr);
  } else if (name == kTimeAtProcessing) {
    job->processing_started = ippGetInteger(attr, 0);
  }
}

// Returns a new CupsJob allocated in |jobs| with |printer_id| populated.
CupsJob* NewJob(const std::string& printer_id, std::vector<CupsJob>* jobs) {
  jobs->emplace_back();
  CupsJob* job = &jobs->back();
  job->printer_id = printer_id;
  return job;
}

void ParseJobs(ipp_t* response,
               const std::string& printer_id,
               ipp_attribute_t* starting_attr,
               std::vector<CupsJob>* jobs) {
  // We know this is a non-empty job section.  Start parsing fields for at least
  // one job.
  CupsJob* current_job = NewJob(printer_id, jobs);
  for (ipp_attribute_t* attr = starting_attr; attr != nullptr;
       attr = ippNextAttribute(response)) {
    base::StringPiece attribute_name = ippGetName(attr);
    // Separators indicate a new job.  Separators have empty names.
    if (attribute_name.empty()) {
      current_job = NewJob(printer_id, jobs);
      continue;
    }

    // Continue to populate the job fileds.
    ParseField(attr, attribute_name, current_job);
  }
}

// Returns the uri for printer with |id| as served by CUPS.  Assumes that |id|
// is a valid CUPS printer name and performs no error checking or escaping.
std::string PrinterUriFromName(const std::string& id) {
  return base::StringPrintf("ipp://localhost/printers/%s", id.c_str());
}

// Extracts PrinterInfo fields from |response| and populates |printer_info|.
// Returns true if at least printer-make-and-model and ipp-versions-supported
// were read.
bool ParsePrinterInfo(ipp_t* response, PrinterInfo* printer_info) {
  for (ipp_attribute_t* attr = ippFirstAttribute(response); attr != nullptr;
       attr = ippNextAttribute(response)) {
    base::StringPiece name = ippGetName(attr);
    if (name == base::StringPiece(kPrinterMakeAndModel)) {
      DCHECK_EQ(IPP_TAG_TEXT, ippGetValueTag(attr));
      printer_info->make_and_model = ippGetString(attr, 0, nullptr);
    } else if (name == base::StringPiece(kIppVersionsSupported)) {
      std::vector<std::string> ipp_versions;
      ParseCollection(attr, &ipp_versions);
      for (const std::string& version : ipp_versions) {
        base::Version major_minor(version);
        if (major_minor.IsValid()) {
          printer_info->ipp_versions.push_back(major_minor);
        }
      }
    } else if (name == base::StringPiece(kIppFeaturesSupported)) {
      std::vector<std::string> features;
      ParseCollection(attr, &features);
      printer_info->ipp_everywhere =
          base::ContainsValue(features, kIppEverywhere);
    } else if (name == base::StringPiece(kDocumentFormatSupported)) {
      ParseCollection(attr, &printer_info->document_formats);
    }
  }

  return !printer_info->make_and_model.empty() &&
         !printer_info->ipp_versions.empty();
}

}  // namespace

CupsJob::CupsJob() = default;

CupsJob::CupsJob(const CupsJob& other) = default;

CupsJob::~CupsJob() = default;

PrinterStatus::PrinterStatus() = default;

PrinterStatus::PrinterStatus(const PrinterStatus& other) = default;

PrinterStatus::~PrinterStatus() = default;

PrinterInfo::PrinterInfo() = default;

PrinterInfo::~PrinterInfo() = default;

void ParseJobsResponse(ipp_t* response,
                       const std::string& printer_id,
                       std::vector<CupsJob>* jobs) {
  // Advance the position in the response to the jobs section.
  ipp_attribute_t* attr = ippFirstAttribute(response);
  while (attr != nullptr && ippGetGroupTag(attr) != IPP_TAG_JOB) {
    attr = ippNextAttribute(response);
  }

  if (attr != nullptr) {
    ParseJobs(response, printer_id, attr, jobs);
  }
}

// Returns an IPP response for a Get-Printer-Attributes request to |http|.  For
// print servers, |printer_uri| is used as the printer-uri value.
// |resource_path| specifies the path portion of the server URI.
// |num_attributes| is the number of attributes in |attributes| which should be
// a list of IPP attributes.  |status| is updated with status code for the
// request.  A successful request will have the |status| IPP_STATUS_OK.
ScopedIppPtr GetPrinterAttributes(http_t* http,
                                  const std::string& printer_uri,
                                  const std::string& resource_path,
                                  int num_attributes,
                                  const char* const* attributes,
                                  ipp_status_t* status) {
  DCHECK(http);

  // CUPS expects a leading slash for resource names.  Add one if it's missing.
  std::string rp = !resource_path.empty() && resource_path.front() == '/'
                       ? resource_path
                       : "/" + resource_path;

  auto request = WrapIpp(ippNewRequest(IPP_OP_GET_PRINTER_ATTRIBUTES));
  // We support IPP up to 2.2 but are compatible down to v1.1.
  ippSetVersion(request.get(), 1, 1);

  ippAddString(request.get(), IPP_TAG_OPERATION, IPP_TAG_URI, kPrinterUri,
               nullptr, printer_uri.c_str());

  ippAddStrings(request.get(), IPP_TAG_OPERATION, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD,
                kRequestedAttributes, num_attributes, nullptr, attributes);

  DCHECK_EQ(ippValidateAttributes(request.get()), 1);

  base::ScopedBlockingCall scoped_blocking_call(base::BlockingType::WILL_BLOCK);
  auto response = WrapIpp(cupsDoRequest(http, request.release(), rp.c_str()));
  *status = ippGetStatusCode(response.get());

  return response;
}

void ParsePrinterStatus(ipp_t* response, PrinterStatus* printer_status) {
  for (ipp_attribute_t* attr = ippFirstAttribute(response); attr != nullptr;
       attr = ippNextAttribute(response)) {
    base::StringPiece name = ippGetName(attr);
    if (name.empty()) {
      continue;
    }

    if (name == kPrinterState) {
      DCHECK_EQ(IPP_TAG_ENUM, ippGetValueTag(attr));
      printer_status->state = static_cast<ipp_pstate_t>(ippGetInteger(attr, 0));
    } else if (name == kPrinterStateReasons) {
      std::vector<std::string> reason_strings;
      ParseCollection(attr, &reason_strings);
      for (const std::string& reason : reason_strings) {
        printer_status->reasons.push_back(ToPrinterReason(reason));
      }
    } else if (name == kPrinterStateMessage) {
      printer_status->message = ippGetString(attr, 0, nullptr);
    }
  }
}

bool GetPrinterInfo(const std::string& address,
                    const int port,
                    const std::string& resource,
                    bool encrypted,
                    PrinterInfo* printer_info) {

  ScopedHttpPtr http = ScopedHttpPtr(httpConnect2(
      address.c_str(), port, nullptr, AF_INET,
      encrypted ? HTTP_ENCRYPTION_ALWAYS : HTTP_ENCRYPTION_IF_REQUESTED, 0,
      kHttpConnectTimeoutMs, nullptr));
  if (!http) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Could not connect to host";
    return false;
  }

  // TODO(crbug.com/821497): Use a library to canonicalize the URL.
  size_t first_non_slash = resource.find_first_not_of('/');
  const std::string path = (first_non_slash == std::string::npos)
                               ? ""
                               : resource.substr(first_non_slash);

  std::string printer_uri =
      base::StringPrintf("%s://%s:%d/%s", encrypted ? kIppsScheme : kIppScheme,
                         address.c_str(), port, path.c_str());

  ipp_status_t status;
  ScopedIppPtr response =
      GetPrinterAttributes(http.get(), printer_uri, resource,
                           kPrinterInfo.size(), kPrinterInfo.data(), &status);
  if (status != IPP_STATUS_OK || response.get() == nullptr) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Get attributes failure: " << status;
    return false;
  }

  return ParsePrinterInfo(response.get(), printer_info);
}

bool GetPrinterStatus(http_t* http,
                      const std::string& printer_id,
                      PrinterStatus* printer_status) {

  ipp_status_t status;
  const std::string printer_uri = PrinterUriFromName(printer_id);

  ScopedIppPtr response =
      GetPrinterAttributes(http, printer_uri, "/", kPrinterAttributes.size(),
                           kPrinterAttributes.data(), &status);

  if (status != IPP_STATUS_OK)
    return false;

  ParsePrinterStatus(response.get(), printer_status);

  return true;
}

bool GetCupsJobs(http_t* http,
                 const std::string& printer_id,
                 int limit,
                 JobCompletionState which,
                 std::vector<CupsJob>* jobs) {
  DCHECK(http);

  auto request = WrapIpp(ippNewRequest(IPP_OP_GET_JOBS));
  const std::string printer_uri = PrinterUriFromName(printer_id);
  ippAddString(request.get(), IPP_TAG_OPERATION, IPP_TAG_URI, kPrinterUri,
               nullptr, printer_uri.c_str());
  ippAddInteger(request.get(), IPP_TAG_OPERATION, IPP_TAG_INTEGER, kLimit,
                limit);

  std::vector<const char*> job_attributes = {
      kJobUri,          kJobId,           kJobState,
      kJobStateReasons, kJobStateMessage, kJobImpressionsCompleted,
      kTimeAtProcessing};

  ippAddStrings(request.get(), IPP_TAG_OPERATION, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD,
                kRequestedAttributes, job_attributes.size(), nullptr,
                job_attributes.data());

  ippAddString(request.get(), IPP_TAG_OPERATION, IPP_TAG_KEYWORD, kWhichJobs,
               nullptr, which == COMPLETED ? kCompleted : kNotCompleted);

  if (ippValidateAttributes(request.get()) != 1) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Could not validate ipp request: " << cupsLastErrorString();
    return false;
  }

  base::ScopedBlockingCall scoped_blocking_call(base::BlockingType::MAY_BLOCK);
  // cupsDoRequest will delete the request.
  auto response = WrapIpp(cupsDoRequest(http, request.release(), "/"));

  ipp_status_t status = ippGetStatusCode(response.get());

  if (status != IPP_STATUS_OK) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "IPP Error: " << cupsLastErrorString();
    return false;
  }

  ParseJobsResponse(response.get(), printer_id, jobs);

  return true;
}

}  // namespace printing