media/base/pipeline.h

// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef MEDIA_BASE_PIPELINE_H_
#define MEDIA_BASE_PIPELINE_H_

#include "base/gtest_prod_util.h"
#include "base/macros.h"
#include "base/memory/ref_counted.h"
#include "base/memory/weak_ptr.h"
#include "base/synchronization/lock.h"
#include "base/threading/thread_checker.h"
#include "base/time/default_tick_clock.h"
#include "media/base/buffering_state.h"
#include "media/base/cdm_context.h"
#include "media/base/demuxer.h"
#include "media/base/media_export.h"
#include "media/base/pipeline_status.h"
#include "media/base/ranges.h"
#include "media/base/serial_runner.h"
#include "media/base/text_track.h"
#include "media/base/video_rotation.h"
#include "ui/gfx/geometry/size.h"

namespace base {
class SingleThreadTaskRunner;
class TimeDelta;
}

namespace media {

class MediaLog;
class Renderer;
class TextRenderer;
class TextTrackConfig;
class TimeDeltaInterpolator;
class VideoFrame;

// Metadata describing a pipeline once it has been initialized.
struct PipelineMetadata {
  PipelineMetadata()
      : has_audio(false), has_video(false), video_rotation(VIDEO_ROTATION_0) {}

  bool has_audio;
  bool has_video;
  gfx::Size natural_size;
  VideoRotation video_rotation;
  base::Time timeline_offset;
};

typedef base::Callback<void(PipelineMetadata)> PipelineMetadataCB;

// Pipeline runs the media pipeline.  Filters are created and called on the
// task runner injected into this object. Pipeline works like a state
// machine to perform asynchronous initialization, pausing, seeking and playing.
//
// Here's a state diagram that describes the lifetime of this object.
//
//   [ *Created ]                       [ Any State ]
//         | Start()                         | Stop() / SetError()
//         V                                 V
//   [ InitXXX (for each filter) ]      [ Stopping ]
//         |                                 |
//         V                                 V
//   [ Playing ] <---------.            [ Stopped ]
//     |     | Seek()      |
//     |     V             |
//     |   [ Seeking ] ----'
//     |                   ^
//     | Suspend()         |
//     V                   |
//   [ Suspending ]        |
//     |                   |
//     V                   |
//   [ Suspended ]         |
//     | Resume()          |
//     V                   |
//   [ Resuming ] ---------'
//
// Initialization is a series of state transitions from "Created" through each
// filter initialization state.  When all filter initialization states have
// completed, we simulate a Seek() to the beginning of the media to give filters
// a chance to preroll. From then on the normal Seek() transitions are carried
// out and we start playing the media.
//
// If any error ever happens, this object will transition to the "Error" state
// from any state. If Stop() is ever called, this object will transition to
// "Stopped" state.
//
// TODO(sandersd): It should be possible to pass through Suspended when going
// from InitDemuxer to InitRenderer, thereby eliminating the Resuming state.
// Some annoying differences between the two paths need to be removed first.
class MEDIA_EXPORT Pipeline : public DemuxerHost {
 public:
  // Used to paint VideoFrame.
  typedef base::Callback<void(const scoped_refptr<VideoFrame>&)> PaintCB;

  // Constructs a media pipeline that will execute on |task_runner|.
  Pipeline(const scoped_refptr<base::SingleThreadTaskRunner>& task_runner,
           MediaLog* media_log);
  ~Pipeline() override;

  // Build a pipeline to using the given |demuxer| and |renderer| to construct
  // a filter chain, executing |seek_cb| when the initial seek has completed.
  //
  // The following permanent callbacks will be executed as follows up until
  // Stop() has completed:
  //   |ended_cb| will be executed whenever the media reaches the end.
  //   |error_cb| will be executed whenever an error occurs but hasn't been
  //              reported already through another callback.
  //   |metadata_cb| will be executed when the content duration, container video
  //                 size, start time, and whether the content has audio and/or
  //                 video in supported formats are known.
  //   |buffering_state_cb| will be executed whenever there are changes in the
  //                        overall buffering state of the pipeline.
  //   |duration_change_cb| optional callback that will be executed whenever the
  //                        presentation duration changes.
  //   |add_text_track_cb| will be executed whenever a text track is added.
  //   |waiting_for_decryption_key_cb| will be executed whenever the key needed
  //                                   to decrypt the stream is not available.
  // It is an error to call this method after the pipeline has already started.
  void Start(Demuxer* demuxer,
             scoped_ptr<Renderer> renderer,
             const base::Closure& ended_cb,
             const PipelineStatusCB& error_cb,
             const PipelineStatusCB& seek_cb,
             const PipelineMetadataCB& metadata_cb,
             const BufferingStateCB& buffering_state_cb,
             const base::Closure& duration_change_cb,
             const AddTextTrackCB& add_text_track_cb,
             const base::Closure& waiting_for_decryption_key_cb);

  // Asynchronously stops the pipeline, executing |stop_cb| when the pipeline
  // teardown has completed.
  //
  // Stop() must complete before destroying the pipeline. It it permissible to
  // call Stop() at any point during the lifetime of the pipeline.
  //
  // It is safe to delete the pipeline during the execution of |stop_cb|.
  void Stop(const base::Closure& stop_cb);

  // Attempt to seek to the position specified by time.  |seek_cb| will be
  // executed when the all filters in the pipeline have processed the seek.
  //
  // Clients are expected to call GetMediaTime() to check whether the seek
  // succeeded.
  //
  // It is an error to call this method if the pipeline has not started or
  // is suspended.
  void Seek(base::TimeDelta time, const PipelineStatusCB& seek_cb);

  // Returns true if the pipeline has been started via Start().  If IsRunning()
  // returns true, it is expected that Stop() will be called before destroying
  // the pipeline.
  bool IsRunning() const;

  // Gets the current playback rate of the pipeline.  When the pipeline is
  // started, the playback rate will be 0.0.  A rate of 1.0 indicates
  // that the pipeline is rendering the media at the standard rate.  Valid
  // values for playback rate are >= 0.0.
  double GetPlaybackRate() const;

  // Attempt to adjust the playback rate. Setting a playback rate of 0.0 pauses
  // all rendering of the media.  A rate of 1.0 indicates a normal playback
  // rate.  Values for the playback rate must be greater than or equal to 0.0.
  //
  // TODO(scherkus): What about maximum rate?  Does HTML5 specify a max?
  void SetPlaybackRate(double playback_rate);

  // Suspend the pipeline, discarding the current renderer.
  //
  // While suspended, GetMediaTime() returns the presentation timestamp of the
  // last rendered frame.
  //
  // It is an error to call this method if the pipeline has not started or is
  // seeking.
  void Suspend(const PipelineStatusCB& suspend_cb);

  // Resume the pipeline with a new renderer, and initialize it with a seek.
  void Resume(scoped_ptr<Renderer> renderer,
              base::TimeDelta timestamp,
              const PipelineStatusCB& seek_cb);

  // Gets the current volume setting being used by the audio renderer.  When
  // the pipeline is started, this value will be 1.0f.  Valid values range
  // from 0.0f to 1.0f.
  float GetVolume() const;

  // Attempt to set the volume of the audio renderer.  Valid values for volume
  // range from 0.0f (muted) to 1.0f (full volume).  This value affects all
  // channels proportionately for multi-channel audio streams.
  void SetVolume(float volume);

  // Returns the current media playback time, which progresses from 0 until
  // GetMediaDuration().
  base::TimeDelta GetMediaTime() const;

  // Get approximate time ranges of buffered media.
  Ranges<base::TimeDelta> GetBufferedTimeRanges() const;

  // Get the duration of the media in microseconds.  If the duration has not
  // been determined yet, then returns 0.
  base::TimeDelta GetMediaDuration() const;

  // Return true if loading progress has been made since the last time this
  // method was called.
  bool DidLoadingProgress();

  // Gets the current pipeline statistics.
  PipelineStatistics GetStatistics() const;

  void SetCdm(CdmContext* cdm_context, const CdmAttachedCB& cdm_attached_cb);

  void SetErrorForTesting(PipelineStatus status);
  bool HasWeakPtrsForTesting() const;

 private:
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PipelineTest, GetBufferedTimeRanges);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PipelineTest, EndedCallback);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(PipelineTest, AudioStreamShorterThanVideo);
  friend class MediaLog;

  // Pipeline states, as described above.
  enum State {
    kCreated,
    kInitDemuxer,
    kInitRenderer,
    kSeeking,
    kPlaying,
    kStopping,
    kStopped,
    kSuspending,
    kSuspended,
    kResuming,
  };

  // Updates |state_|. All state transitions should use this call.
  void SetState(State next_state);

  static const char* GetStateString(State state);
  State GetNextState() const;

  // Helper method that runs & resets |seek_cb_| and resets |seek_timestamp_|
  // and |seek_pending_|.
  void FinishSeek();

  // DemuxerHost implementaion.
  void OnBufferedTimeRangesChanged(
      const Ranges<base::TimeDelta>& ranges) override;
  void SetDuration(base::TimeDelta duration) override;
  void OnDemuxerError(PipelineStatus error) override;
  void AddTextStream(DemuxerStream* text_stream,
                     const TextTrackConfig& config) override;
  void RemoveTextStream(DemuxerStream* text_stream) override;

  // Callback executed when a rendering error happened, initiating the teardown
  // sequence.
  void OnError(PipelineStatus error);

  // Callback executed by filters to update statistics.
  void OnUpdateStatistics(const PipelineStatistics& stats_delta);

  // The following "task" methods correspond to the public methods, but these
  // methods are run as the result of posting a task to the Pipeline's
  // task runner.
  void StartTask();

  // Suspends the pipeline, discarding the current renderer.
  void SuspendTask(const PipelineStatusCB& suspend_cb);

  // Resumes the pipeline with a new renderer, and initializes it with a seek.
  void ResumeTask(scoped_ptr<Renderer> renderer,
                  base::TimeDelta timestamp,
                  const PipelineStatusCB& seek_sb);

  // Stops and destroys all filters, placing the pipeline in the kStopped state.
  void StopTask(const base::Closure& stop_cb);

  // Carries out stopping and destroying all filters, placing the pipeline in
  // the kStopped state.
  void ErrorChangedTask(PipelineStatus error);

  // Carries out notifying filters that the playback rate has changed.
  void PlaybackRateChangedTask(double playback_rate);

  // Carries out notifying filters that the volume has changed.
  void VolumeChangedTask(float volume);

  // Carries out notifying filters that we are seeking to a new timestamp.
  void SeekTask(base::TimeDelta time, const PipelineStatusCB& seek_cb);

  // Carries out setting the |cdm_context| in |renderer_|, and then fires
  // |cdm_attached_cb| with the result. If |renderer_| is null,
  // |cdm_attached_cb| will be fired immediately with true, and |cdm_context|
  // will be set in |renderer_| later when |renderer_| is created.
  void SetCdmTask(CdmContext* cdm_context,
                  const CdmAttachedCB& cdm_attached_cb);

  // Callbacks executed when a renderer has ended.
  void OnRendererEnded();
  void OnTextRendererEnded();
  void RunEndedCallbackIfNeeded();

  scoped_ptr<TextRenderer> CreateTextRenderer();

  // Carries out adding a new text stream to the text renderer.
  void AddTextStreamTask(DemuxerStream* text_stream,
                         const TextTrackConfig& config);

  // Carries out removing a text stream from the text renderer.
  void RemoveTextStreamTask(DemuxerStream* text_stream);

  // Callbacks executed when a text track is added.
  void OnAddTextTrack(const TextTrackConfig& config,
                      const AddTextTrackDoneCB& done_cb);

  // Kicks off initialization for each media object, executing |done_cb| with
  // the result when completed.
  void InitializeDemuxer(const PipelineStatusCB& done_cb);
  void InitializeRenderer(const PipelineStatusCB& done_cb);

  void StateTransitionTask(PipelineStatus status);

  // Initiates an asynchronous pause-flush-seek-preroll call sequence
  // executing |done_cb| with the final status when completed.
  void DoSeek(base::TimeDelta seek_timestamp, const PipelineStatusCB& done_cb);

  // Initiates an asynchronous pause-flush-stop call sequence executing
  // |done_cb| when completed.
  void DoStop(const PipelineStatusCB& done_cb);
  void OnStopCompleted(PipelineStatus status);

  void ReportMetadata();

  void BufferingStateChanged(BufferingState new_buffering_state);

  // Task runner used to execute pipeline tasks.
  scoped_refptr<base::SingleThreadTaskRunner> task_runner_;

  // MediaLog to which to log events.
  scoped_refptr<MediaLog> media_log_;

  // Lock used to serialize access for the following data members.
  mutable base::Lock lock_;

  // Whether or not the pipeline is running.
  bool running_;

  // Amount of available buffered data as reported by |demuxer_|.
  Ranges<base::TimeDelta> buffered_time_ranges_;

  // True when OnBufferedTimeRangesChanged() has been called more recently than
  // DidLoadingProgress().
  bool did_loading_progress_;

  // Current volume level (from 0.0f to 1.0f).  This value is set immediately
  // via SetVolume() and a task is dispatched on the task runner to notify the
  // filters.
  float volume_;

  // Current playback rate (>= 0.0).  This value is set immediately via
  // SetPlaybackRate() and a task is dispatched on the task runner to notify
  // the filters.
  double playback_rate_;

  // Current duration as reported by |demuxer_|.
  base::TimeDelta duration_;

  // Status of the pipeline.  Initialized to PIPELINE_OK which indicates that
  // the pipeline is operating correctly. Any other value indicates that the
  // pipeline is stopped or is stopping.  Clients can call the Stop() method to
  // reset the pipeline state, and restore this to PIPELINE_OK.
  PipelineStatus status_;

  // The following data members are only accessed by tasks posted to
  // |task_runner_|.

  // Member that tracks the current state.
  State state_;

  // The timestamp to start playback from after starting/seeking/resuming has
  // completed.
  base::TimeDelta start_timestamp_;

  // The media timestamp to return while the pipeline is suspended. Otherwise
  // set to kNoTimestamp().
  base::TimeDelta suspend_timestamp_;

  // Whether we've received the audio/video/text ended events.
  bool renderer_ended_;
  bool text_renderer_ended_;

  // Temporary callback used for Start(), Seek(), and Resume().
  PipelineStatusCB seek_cb_;

  // Temporary callback used for Stop().
  base::Closure stop_cb_;

  // Temporary callback used for Suspend().
  PipelineStatusCB suspend_cb_;

  // Permanent callbacks passed in via Start().
  base::Closure ended_cb_;
  PipelineStatusCB error_cb_;
  PipelineMetadataCB metadata_cb_;
  BufferingStateCB buffering_state_cb_;
  base::Closure duration_change_cb_;
  AddTextTrackCB add_text_track_cb_;
  base::Closure waiting_for_decryption_key_cb_;

  // Holds the initialized demuxer. Used for seeking. Owned by client.
  Demuxer* demuxer_;

  // Holds the initialized renderers. Used for setting the volume,
  // playback rate, and determining when playback has finished.
  scoped_ptr<Renderer> renderer_;
  scoped_ptr<TextRenderer> text_renderer_;

  PipelineStatistics statistics_;

  scoped_ptr<SerialRunner> pending_callbacks_;

  // CdmContext to be used to decrypt (and decode) encrypted stream in this
  // pipeline. Non-null only when SetCdm() is called and the pipeline has not
  // been started. Then during Start(), this value will be set on |renderer_|.
  CdmContext* pending_cdm_context_;

  base::ThreadChecker thread_checker_;

  // NOTE: Weak pointers must be invalidated before all other member variables.
  base::WeakPtrFactory<Pipeline> weak_factory_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Pipeline);
};

}  // namespace media

#endif  // MEDIA_BASE_PIPELINE_H_