| // Copyright 2015 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. |
| // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be |
| // found in the LICENSE file. |
| |
| #ifndef URL_ORIGIN_H_ |
| #define URL_ORIGIN_H_ |
| |
| #include <stdint.h> |
| |
| #include <string> |
| |
| #include "base/debug/alias.h" |
| #include "base/optional.h" |
| #include "base/strings/string16.h" |
| #include "base/strings/string_piece.h" |
| #include "base/strings/string_util.h" |
| #include "base/unguessable_token.h" |
| #include "ipc/ipc_param_traits.h" |
| #include "url/scheme_host_port.h" |
| #include "url/third_party/mozilla/url_parse.h" |
| #include "url/url_canon.h" |
| #include "url/url_constants.h" |
| #include "url/url_export.h" |
| |
| class GURL; |
| |
| namespace blink { |
| class SecurityOrigin; |
| } // namespace blink |
| |
| namespace ipc_fuzzer { |
| template <class T> |
| struct FuzzTraits; |
| } // namespace ipc_fuzzer |
| |
| namespace mojo { |
| template <typename DataViewType, typename T> |
| struct StructTraits; |
| struct UrlOriginAdapter; |
| } // namespace mojo |
| |
| namespace url { |
| |
| namespace mojom { |
| class OriginDataView; |
| } // namespace mojom |
| |
| // Per https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#origin, an origin is |
| // either: |
| // - a tuple origin of (scheme, host, port) as described in RFC 6454. |
| // - an opaque origin with an internal value, and a memory of the tuple origin |
| // from which it was derived. |
| // |
| // TL;DR: If you need to make a security-relevant decision, use 'url::Origin'. |
| // If you only need to extract the bits of a URL which are relevant for a |
| // network connection, use 'url::SchemeHostPort'. |
| // |
| // STL;SDR: If you aren't making actual network connections, use 'url::Origin'. |
| // |
| // This class ought to be used when code needs to determine if two resources |
| // are "same-origin", and when a canonical serialization of an origin is |
| // required. Note that the canonical serialization of an origin *must not* be |
| // used to determine if two resources are same-origin. |
| // |
| // A tuple origin, like 'SchemeHostPort', is composed of a tuple of (scheme, |
| // host, port), but contains a number of additional concepts which make it |
| // appropriate for use as a security boundary and access control mechanism |
| // between contexts. Two tuple origins are same-origin if the tuples are equal. |
| // A tuple origin may also be re-created from its serialization. |
| // |
| // An opaque origin has an internal globally unique identifier. When creating a |
| // new opaque origin from a URL, a fresh globally unique identifier is |
| // generated. However, if an opaque origin is copied or moved, the internal |
| // globally unique identifier is preserved. Two opaque origins are same-origin |
| // iff the globally unique identifiers match. Unlike tuple origins, an opaque |
| // origin cannot be re-created from its serialization, which is always the |
| // string "null". |
| // |
| // IMPORTANT: Since opaque origins always serialize as the string "null", it is |
| // *never* safe to use the serialization for security checks! |
| // |
| // A tuple origin and an opaque origin are never same-origin. |
| // |
| // There are a few subtleties to note: |
| // |
| // * A default constructed Origin is opaque, with no precursor origin. |
| // |
| // * Invalid and non-standard GURLs are parsed as opaque origins. This includes |
| // non-hierarchical URLs like 'data:text/html,...' and 'javascript:alert(1)'. |
| // |
| // * GURLs with schemes of 'filesystem' or 'blob' parse the origin out of the |
| // internals of the URL. That is, 'filesystem:https://example.com/temporary/f' |
| // is parsed as ('https', 'example.com', 443). |
| // |
| // * GURLs with a 'file' scheme are tricky. They are parsed as ('file', '', 0), |
| // but their behavior may differ from embedder to embedder. |
| // TODO(dcheng): This behavior is not consistent with Blink's notion of file |
| // URLs, which always creates an opaque origin. |
| // |
| // * The host component of an IPv6 address includes brackets, just like the URL |
| // representation. |
| // |
| // Usage: |
| // |
| // * Origins are generally constructed from an already-canonicalized GURL: |
| // |
| // GURL url("https://example.com/"); |
| // url::Origin origin = Origin::Create(url); |
| // origin.scheme(); // "https" |
| // origin.host(); // "example.com" |
| // origin.port(); // 443 |
| // origin.opaque(); // false |
| // |
| // * To answer the question "Are |this| and |that| "same-origin" with each |
| // other?", use |Origin::IsSameOriginWith|: |
| // |
| // if (this.IsSameOriginWith(that)) { |
| // // Amazingness goes here. |
| // } |
| class URL_EXPORT Origin { |
| public: |
| // Creates an opaque Origin with a nonce that is different from all previously |
| // existing origins. |
| Origin(); |
| |
| // Creates an Origin from |url|, as described at |
| // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin, with the following additions: |
| // |
| // 1. If |url| is invalid or non-standard, an opaque Origin is constructed. |
| // 2. 'filesystem' URLs behave as 'blob' URLs (that is, the origin is parsed |
| // out of everything in the URL which follows the scheme). |
| // 3. 'file' URLs all parse as ("file", "", 0). |
| static Origin Create(const GURL& url); |
| |
| // Creates an Origin for the resource |url| as if it were requested |
| // from the context of |base_origin|. If |url| is standard |
| // (in the sense that it embeds a complete origin, like http/https), |
| // this returns the same value as would Create(). |
| // |
| // If |url| is "about:blank", this returns a copy of |base_origin|. |
| // |
| // Otherwise, returns a new opaque origin derived from |base_origin|. |
| // In this case, the resulting opaque origin will inherit the tuple |
| // (or precursor tuple) of |base_origin|, but will not be same origin |
| // with |base_origin|, even if |base_origin| is already opaque. |
| static Origin Resolve(const GURL& url, const Origin& base_origin); |
| |
| // Copyable and movable. |
| Origin(const Origin&); |
| Origin& operator=(const Origin&); |
| Origin(Origin&&); |
| Origin& operator=(Origin&&); |
| |
| // Creates an Origin from a |scheme|, |host|, and |port|. All the parameters |
| // must be valid and canonicalized. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not |
| // canonical, or if all the parameters are empty. |
| // |
| // This constructor should be used in order to pass 'Origin' objects back and |
| // forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk potentially |
| // dangerous recanonicalization); other potential callers should prefer the |
| // 'GURL'-based constructor. |
| static base::Optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateTupleOriginWithoutNormalization( |
| base::StringPiece scheme, |
| base::StringPiece host, |
| uint16_t port); |
| |
| // Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized. |
| // This should only be used when converting between already normalized types, |
| // and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move |
| // operators to avoid copies. |
| static Origin CreateFromNormalizedTuple(std::string scheme, |
| std::string host, |
| uint16_t port); |
| |
| ~Origin(); |
| |
| // For opaque origins, these return ("", "", 0). |
| const std::string& scheme() const { |
| return !opaque() ? tuple_.scheme() : base::EmptyString(); |
| } |
| const std::string& host() const { |
| return !opaque() ? tuple_.host() : base::EmptyString(); |
| } |
| uint16_t port() const { return !opaque() ? tuple_.port() : 0; } |
| |
| bool opaque() const { return nonce_.has_value(); } |
| |
| // An ASCII serialization of the Origin as per Section 6.2 of RFC 6454, with |
| // the addition that all Origins with a 'file' scheme serialize to "file://". |
| std::string Serialize() const; |
| |
| // Two non-opaque Origins are "same-origin" if their schemes, hosts, and ports |
| // are exact matches. Two opaque origins are same-origin only if their |
| // internal nonce values match. A non-opaque origin is never same-origin with |
| // an opaque origin. |
| bool IsSameOriginWith(const Origin& other) const; |
| bool operator==(const Origin& other) const { return IsSameOriginWith(other); } |
| bool operator!=(const Origin& other) const { |
| return !IsSameOriginWith(other); |
| } |
| |
| // Get the scheme, host, and port from which this origin derives. For |
| // a tuple Origin, this gives the same values as calling scheme(), host() |
| // and port(). For an opaque Origin that was created by calling |
| // Origin::DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() on a precursor or Origin::Resolve(), |
| // this returns the tuple inherited from the precursor. |
| // |
| // If this Origin is opaque and was created via the default constructor or |
| // Origin::Create(), the precursor origin is unknown. |
| // |
| // Use with great caution: opaque origins should generally not inherit |
| // privileges from the origins they derive from. However, in some cases |
| // (such as restrictions on process placement, or determining the http lock |
| // icon) this information may be relevant to ensure that entering an |
| // opaque origin does not grant privileges initially denied to the original |
| // non-opaque origin. |
| // |
| // This method has a deliberately obnoxious name to prompt caution in its use. |
| const SchemeHostPort& GetTupleOrPrecursorTupleIfOpaque() const { |
| return tuple_; |
| } |
| |
| // Efficiently returns what GURL(Serialize()) would without re-parsing the |
| // URL. This can be used for the (rare) times a GURL representation is needed |
| // for an Origin. |
| // Note: The returned URL will not necessarily be serialized to the same value |
| // as the Origin would. The GURL will have an added "/" path for Origins with |
| // valid SchemeHostPorts and file Origins. |
| // |
| // Try not to use this method under normal circumstances, as it loses type |
| // information. Downstream consumers can mistake the returned GURL with a full |
| // URL (e.g. with a path component). |
| GURL GetURL() const; |
| |
| // Same as GURL::DomainIs. If |this| origin is opaque, then returns false. |
| bool DomainIs(base::StringPiece canonical_domain) const; |
| |
| // Allows Origin to be used as a key in STL (for example, a std::set or |
| // std::map). |
| bool operator<(const Origin& other) const; |
| |
| // Creates a new opaque origin that is guaranteed to be cross-origin to all |
| // currently existing origins. An origin created by this method retains its |
| // identity across copies. Copies are guaranteed to be same-origin to each |
| // other, e.g. |
| // |
| // url::Origin page = Origin::Create(GURL("http://example.com")) |
| // url::Origin a = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin(); |
| // url::Origin b = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin(); |
| // url::Origin c = a; |
| // url::Origin d = b; |
| // |
| // |a| and |c| are same-origin, since |c| was copied from |a|. |b| and |d| are |
| // same-origin as well, since |d| was copied from |b|. All other combinations |
| // of origins are considered cross-origin, e.g. |a| is cross-origin to |b| and |
| // |d|, |b| is cross-origin to |a| and |c|, |c| is cross-origin to |b| and |
| // |d|, and |d| is cross-origin to |a| and |c|. |
| Origin DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() const; |
| |
| private: |
| friend class blink::SecurityOrigin; |
| friend class OriginTest; |
| friend struct mojo::UrlOriginAdapter; |
| friend struct ipc_fuzzer::FuzzTraits<Origin>; |
| friend struct mojo::StructTraits<url::mojom::OriginDataView, url::Origin>; |
| friend IPC::ParamTraits<url::Origin>; |
| friend URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, |
| const Origin& origin); |
| |
| // Origin::Nonce is a wrapper around base::UnguessableToken that generates |
| // the random value only when the value is first accessed. The lazy generation |
| // allows Origin to be default-constructed quickly, without spending time |
| // in random number generation. |
| // |
| // TODO(nick): Should this optimization move into UnguessableToken, once it no |
| // longer treats the Null case specially? |
| class URL_EXPORT Nonce { |
| public: |
| // Creates a nonce to hold a newly-generated UnguessableToken. The actual |
| // token value will be generated lazily. |
| Nonce(); |
| |
| // Creates a nonce to hold an already-generated UnguessableToken value. This |
| // constructor should only be used for IPC serialization and testing -- |
| // regular code should never need to touch the UnguessableTokens directly, |
| // and the default constructor is faster. |
| explicit Nonce(const base::UnguessableToken& token); |
| |
| // Accessor, which lazily initializes the underlying |token_| member. |
| const base::UnguessableToken& token() const; |
| |
| // Do not use in cases where lazy initialization is expected! This |
| // accessor does not initialize the |token_| member. |
| const base::UnguessableToken& raw_token() const; |
| |
| // Copyable and movable. Copying a Nonce triggers lazy-initialization, |
| // moving it does not. |
| Nonce(const Nonce&); |
| Nonce& operator=(const Nonce&); |
| Nonce(Nonce&&); |
| Nonce& operator=(Nonce&&); |
| |
| // Note that operator<, used by maps type containers, will trigger |token_| |
| // lazy-initialization. Equality comparisons do not. |
| bool operator<(const Nonce& other) const; |
| bool operator==(const Nonce& other) const; |
| bool operator!=(const Nonce& other) const; |
| |
| private: |
| friend class OriginTest; |
| |
| // mutable to support lazy generation. |
| mutable base::UnguessableToken token_; |
| }; |
| |
| // This needs to be friended within Origin as well, since Nonce is a private |
| // nested class of Origin. |
| friend URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, |
| const Nonce& nonce); |
| |
| // Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized. |
| // This should only be used when converting between already normalized types, |
| // and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move |
| // operators to avoid copies. |
| static Origin CreateOpaqueFromNormalizedPrecursorTuple( |
| std::string precursor_scheme, |
| std::string precursor_host, |
| uint16_t precursor_port, |
| const Nonce& nonce); |
| |
| // Creates an opaque Origin with the identity given by |nonce|, and an |
| // optional precursor origin given by |precursor_scheme|, |precursor_host| and |
| // |precursor_port|. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not canonical. When |
| // the precursor is unknown, the precursor parameters should be ("", "", 0). |
| // |
| // This factory method should be used in order to pass opaque Origin objects |
| // back and forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk |
| // potentially dangerous recanonicalization). |
| static base::Optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateOpaqueOriginWithoutNormalization( |
| base::StringPiece precursor_scheme, |
| base::StringPiece precursor_host, |
| uint16_t precursor_port, |
| const Nonce& nonce); |
| |
| // Constructs a non-opaque tuple origin. |tuple| must be valid. |
| explicit Origin(SchemeHostPort tuple); |
| |
| // Constructs an opaque origin derived from the |precursor| tuple, with the |
| // given |nonce|. |
| Origin(const Nonce& nonce, SchemeHostPort precursor); |
| |
| // Get the nonce associated with this origin, if it is opaque. This should be |
| // used only when trying to send an Origin across an IPC pipe. |
| base::Optional<base::UnguessableToken> GetNonceForSerialization() const; |
| |
| // The tuple is used for both tuple origins (e.g. https://example.com:80), as |
| // well as for opaque origins, where it tracks the tuple origin from which |
| // the opaque origin was initially derived (we call this the "precursor" |
| // origin). |
| SchemeHostPort tuple_; |
| |
| // The nonce is used for maintaining identity of an opaque origin. This |
| // nonce is preserved when an opaque origin is copied or moved. An Origin |
| // is considered opaque if and only if |nonce_| holds a value. |
| base::Optional<Nonce> nonce_; |
| }; |
| |
| // Pretty-printers for logging. These expose the internal state of the nonce. |
| URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Origin& origin); |
| URL_EXPORT std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, |
| const Origin::Nonce& origin); |
| |
| URL_EXPORT bool IsSameOriginWith(const GURL& a, const GURL& b); |
| |
| // DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) copies |origin| into a new |
| // stack-allocated variable named |<var_name>|. This helps ensure that the |
| // value of |origin| gets preserved in crash dumps. |
| #define DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) \ |
| DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_CSTR(var_name, (origin).Serialize().c_str(), 128) |
| |
| } // namespace url |
| |
| #endif // URL_ORIGIN_H_ |