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// Copyright 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "courgette/disassembler_elf_32.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "courgette/assembly_program.h"
#include "courgette/courgette.h"
namespace courgette {
namespace {
// Sorts |section_headers| by file offset and stores the resulting permutation
// of section ids in |order|.
std::vector<Elf32_Half> GetSectionHeaderFileOffsetOrder(
const std::vector<Elf32_Shdr>& section_headers) {
size_t size = section_headers.size();
std::vector<Elf32_Half> order(size);
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
order[i] = static_cast<Elf32_Half>(i);
auto comp = [&](int idx1, int idx2) {
return section_headers[idx1].sh_offset < section_headers[idx2].sh_offset;
};
std::stable_sort(order.begin(), order.end(), comp);
return order;
}
} // namespace
DisassemblerElf32::Elf32RvaVisitor_Rel32::Elf32RvaVisitor_Rel32(
const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>& rva_locations)
: VectorRvaVisitor<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>(rva_locations) {
}
RVA DisassemblerElf32::Elf32RvaVisitor_Rel32::Get() const {
return (*it_)->rva() + (*it_)->relative_target();
}
DisassemblerElf32::DisassemblerElf32(const void* start, size_t length)
: Disassembler(start, length),
header_(nullptr),
section_header_table_size_(0),
program_header_table_(nullptr),
program_header_table_size_(0),
default_string_section_(nullptr) {
}
RVA DisassemblerElf32::FileOffsetToRVA(FileOffset offset) const {
// File offsets can be 64-bit values, but we are dealing with 32-bit
// executables and so only need to support 32-bit file sizes.
uint32_t offset32 = static_cast<uint32_t>(offset);
// Visit section headers ordered by file offset.
for (Elf32_Half section_id : section_header_file_offset_order_) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
// These can appear to have a size in the file, but don't.
if (section_header->sh_type == SHT_NOBITS)
continue;
Elf32_Off section_begin = section_header->sh_offset;
Elf32_Off section_end = section_begin + section_header->sh_size;
if (offset32 >= section_begin && offset32 < section_end) {
return section_header->sh_addr + (offset32 - section_begin);
}
}
return 0;
}
FileOffset DisassemblerElf32::RVAToFileOffset(RVA rva) const {
for (Elf32_Half section_id = 0; section_id < SectionHeaderCount();
++section_id) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
// These can appear to have a size in the file, but don't.
if (section_header->sh_type == SHT_NOBITS)
continue;
Elf32_Addr begin = section_header->sh_addr;
Elf32_Addr end = begin + section_header->sh_size;
if (rva >= begin && rva < end)
return section_header->sh_offset + (rva - begin);
}
return kNoFileOffset;
}
RVA DisassemblerElf32::PointerToTargetRVA(const uint8_t* p) const {
// TODO(huangs): Add check (e.g., IsValidTargetRVA(), but more efficient).
return Read32LittleEndian(p);
}
bool DisassemblerElf32::ParseHeader() {
if (length() < sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr))
return Bad("Too small");
header_ = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Ehdr*>(start());
// Have magic for ELF header?
if (header_->e_ident[0] != 0x7f ||
header_->e_ident[1] != 'E' ||
header_->e_ident[2] != 'L' ||
header_->e_ident[3] != 'F')
return Bad("No Magic Number");
if (header_->e_type != ET_EXEC &&
header_->e_type != ET_DYN)
return Bad("Not an executable file or shared library");
if (header_->e_machine != ElfEM())
return Bad("Not a supported architecture");
if (header_->e_version != 1)
return Bad("Unknown file version");
if (header_->e_shentsize != sizeof(Elf32_Shdr))
return Bad("Unexpected section header size");
if (!IsArrayInBounds(header_->e_shoff, header_->e_shnum, sizeof(Elf32_Shdr)))
return Bad("Out of bounds section header table");
// Extract |section_header_table_|, ordered by section id.
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header_table_raw =
reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Shdr*>(
FileOffsetToPointer(header_->e_shoff));
section_header_table_size_ = header_->e_shnum;
section_header_table_.assign(section_header_table_raw,
section_header_table_raw + section_header_table_size_);
// TODO(huangs): Validate offsets of all section headers.
section_header_file_offset_order_ =
GetSectionHeaderFileOffsetOrder(section_header_table_);
if (!IsArrayInBounds(header_->e_phoff, header_->e_phnum, sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)))
return Bad("Out of bounds program header table");
program_header_table_ = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Phdr*>(
FileOffsetToPointer(header_->e_phoff));
program_header_table_size_ = header_->e_phnum;
Elf32_Half string_section_id = header_->e_shstrndx;
if (string_section_id >= header_->e_shnum)
return Bad("Out of bounds string section index");
default_string_section_ =
reinterpret_cast<const char*>(SectionBody(string_section_id));
default_string_section_size_ = SectionHeader(string_section_id)->sh_size;
// String section may be empty. If nonempty, then last byte must be null.
if (default_string_section_size_ > 0) {
if (default_string_section_[default_string_section_size_ - 1] != '\0')
return Bad("String section does not terminate");
}
if (!UpdateLength())
return Bad("Out of bounds section or segment");
return Good();
}
bool DisassemblerElf32::Disassemble(AssemblyProgram* target) {
if (!ok())
return false;
// The Image Base is always 0 for ELF Executables
target->set_image_base(0);
if (!ParseAbs32Relocs())
return false;
if (!ParseRel32RelocsFromSections()) // Does not sort rel32 locations.
return false;
PrecomputeLabels(target);
RemoveUnusedRel32Locations(target);
if (!ParseFile(target))
return false;
// Finally sort rel32 locations.
std::sort(rel32_locations_.begin(),
rel32_locations_.end(),
TypedRVA::IsLessThanByRVA);
DCHECK(rel32_locations_.empty() ||
rel32_locations_.back()->rva() != kUnassignedRVA);
target->DefaultAssignIndexes();
return true;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::IsValidTargetRVA(RVA rva) const {
if (rva == kUnassignedRVA)
return false;
// |rva| is valid if it's contained in any program segment.
for (Elf32_Half segment_id = 0; segment_id < ProgramSegmentHeaderCount();
++segment_id) {
const Elf32_Phdr* segment_header = ProgramSegmentHeader(segment_id);
if (segment_header->p_type != PT_LOAD)
continue;
Elf32_Addr begin = segment_header->p_vaddr;
Elf32_Addr end = segment_header->p_vaddr + segment_header->p_memsz;
if (rva >= begin && rva < end)
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool DisassemblerElf32::UpdateLength() {
Elf32_Off result = 0;
// Find the end of the last section
for (Elf32_Half section_id = 0; section_id < SectionHeaderCount();
++section_id) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
if (section_header->sh_type == SHT_NOBITS)
continue;
if (!IsArrayInBounds(section_header->sh_offset, section_header->sh_size, 1))
return false;
Elf32_Off section_end = section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size;
result = std::max(result, section_end);
}
// Find the end of the last segment
for (Elf32_Half segment_id = 0; segment_id < ProgramSegmentHeaderCount();
++segment_id) {
const Elf32_Phdr* segment_header = ProgramSegmentHeader(segment_id);
if (!IsArrayInBounds(segment_header->p_offset, segment_header->p_filesz, 1))
return false;
Elf32_Off segment_end = segment_header->p_offset + segment_header->p_filesz;
result = std::max(result, segment_end);
}
Elf32_Off section_table_end =
header_->e_shoff + (header_->e_shnum * sizeof(Elf32_Shdr));
result = std::max(result, section_table_end);
Elf32_Off segment_table_end =
header_->e_phoff + (header_->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
result = std::max(result, segment_table_end);
ReduceLength(result);
return true;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::SectionName(const Elf32_Shdr& shdr,
std::string* name) const {
DCHECK(name);
size_t string_pos = shdr.sh_name;
if (string_pos == 0) {
// Empty string by convention. Valid even if string section is empty.
name->clear();
} else {
if (string_pos >= default_string_section_size_)
return false;
// Safe because string section must terminate with null.
*name = default_string_section_ + string_pos;
}
return true;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::RVAsToFileOffsets(
const std::vector<RVA>& rvas,
std::vector<FileOffset>* file_offsets) {
file_offsets->clear();
file_offsets->reserve(rvas.size());
for (RVA rva : rvas) {
FileOffset file_offset = RVAToFileOffset(rva);
if (file_offset == kNoFileOffset)
return false;
file_offsets->push_back(file_offset);
}
return true;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::RVAsToFileOffsets(
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>* typed_rvas) {
for (auto& typed_rva : *typed_rvas) {
FileOffset file_offset = RVAToFileOffset(typed_rva->rva());
if (file_offset == kNoFileOffset)
return false;
typed_rva->set_file_offset(file_offset);
}
return true;
}
RvaVisitor* DisassemblerElf32::CreateAbs32TargetRvaVisitor() {
return new RvaVisitor_Abs32(abs32_locations_, *this);
}
RvaVisitor* DisassemblerElf32::CreateRel32TargetRvaVisitor() {
return new Elf32RvaVisitor_Rel32(rel32_locations_);
}
void DisassemblerElf32::RemoveUnusedRel32Locations(AssemblyProgram* program) {
auto tail_it = rel32_locations_.begin();
for (auto head_it = rel32_locations_.begin();
head_it != rel32_locations_.end(); ++head_it) {
RVA target_rva = (*head_it)->rva() + (*head_it)->relative_target();
if (program->FindRel32Label(target_rva) == nullptr) {
// If address does not match a Label (because it was removed), deallocate.
(*head_it).reset(nullptr);
} else {
// Else squeeze nullptr to end to compactify.
if (tail_it != head_it)
(*tail_it).swap(*head_it);
++tail_it;
}
}
rel32_locations_.resize(std::distance(rel32_locations_.begin(), tail_it));
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::ParseFile(AssemblyProgram* program) {
// Walk all the bytes in the file, whether or not in a section.
FileOffset file_offset = 0;
std::vector<FileOffset> abs_offsets;
// File parsing follows file offset order, and we visit abs32 and rel32
// locations in lockstep. Therefore we need to extract and sort file offsets
// of all abs32 and rel32 locations.
if (!RVAsToFileOffsets(abs32_locations_, &abs_offsets))
return false;
std::sort(abs32_locations_.begin(), abs32_locations_.end());
if (!RVAsToFileOffsets(&rel32_locations_))
return false;
std::sort(rel32_locations_.begin(),
rel32_locations_.end(),
TypedRVA::IsLessThanByFileOffset);
std::vector<FileOffset>::iterator current_abs_offset = abs_offsets.begin();
std::vector<FileOffset>::iterator end_abs_offset = abs_offsets.end();
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>::iterator current_rel =
rel32_locations_.begin();
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>::iterator end_rel =
rel32_locations_.end();
// Visit section headers ordered by file offset.
for (Elf32_Half section_id : section_header_file_offset_order_) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
if (section_header->sh_type == SHT_NOBITS)
continue;
if (!ParseSimpleRegion(file_offset, section_header->sh_offset, program))
return false;
file_offset = section_header->sh_offset;
switch (section_header->sh_type) {
case SHT_REL:
if (!ParseRelocationSection(section_header, program))
return false;
file_offset = section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size;
break;
case SHT_PROGBITS:
if (!ParseProgbitsSection(section_header,
&current_abs_offset,
end_abs_offset,
&current_rel,
end_rel,
program)) {
return false;
}
file_offset = section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size;
break;
case SHT_INIT_ARRAY:
// Fall through
case SHT_FINI_ARRAY:
while (current_abs_offset != end_abs_offset &&
*current_abs_offset >= section_header->sh_offset &&
*current_abs_offset <
section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size) {
// Skip any abs_offsets appear in the unsupported INIT_ARRAY section
VLOG(1) << "Skipping relocation entry for unsupported section: "
<< section_header->sh_type;
++current_abs_offset;
}
break;
default:
if (current_abs_offset != end_abs_offset &&
*current_abs_offset >= section_header->sh_offset &&
*current_abs_offset <
section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size) {
VLOG(1) << "Relocation address in unrecognized ELF section: "
<< section_header->sh_type;
}
break;
}
}
// Rest of the file past the last section
if (!ParseSimpleRegion(file_offset, length(), program))
return false;
// Make certain we consume all of the relocations as expected
return (current_abs_offset == end_abs_offset);
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::ParseProgbitsSection(
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header,
std::vector<FileOffset>::iterator* current_abs_offset,
std::vector<FileOffset>::iterator end_abs_offset,
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>::iterator* current_rel,
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TypedRVA>>::iterator end_rel,
AssemblyProgram* program) {
// Walk all the bytes in the file, whether or not in a section.
FileOffset file_offset = section_header->sh_offset;
FileOffset section_end = section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size;
Elf32_Addr origin = section_header->sh_addr;
FileOffset origin_offset = section_header->sh_offset;
if (!program->EmitOriginInstruction(origin))
return false;
while (file_offset < section_end) {
if (*current_abs_offset != end_abs_offset &&
file_offset > **current_abs_offset)
return false;
while (*current_rel != end_rel &&
file_offset > (**current_rel)->file_offset()) {
++(*current_rel);
}
FileOffset next_relocation = section_end;
if (*current_abs_offset != end_abs_offset &&
next_relocation > **current_abs_offset)
next_relocation = **current_abs_offset;
// Rel offsets are heuristically derived, and might (incorrectly) overlap
// an Abs value, or the end of the section, so +3 to make sure there is
// room for the full 4 byte value.
if (*current_rel != end_rel &&
next_relocation > ((**current_rel)->file_offset() + 3))
next_relocation = (**current_rel)->file_offset();
if (next_relocation > file_offset) {
if (!ParseSimpleRegion(file_offset, next_relocation, program))
return false;
file_offset = next_relocation;
continue;
}
if (*current_abs_offset != end_abs_offset &&
file_offset == **current_abs_offset) {
RVA target_rva = PointerToTargetRVA(FileOffsetToPointer(file_offset));
DCHECK_NE(kNoRVA, target_rva);
Label* label = program->FindAbs32Label(target_rva);
CHECK(label);
if (!program->EmitAbs32(label))
return false;
file_offset += sizeof(RVA);
++(*current_abs_offset);
continue;
}
if (*current_rel != end_rel &&
file_offset == (**current_rel)->file_offset()) {
uint32_t relative_target = (**current_rel)->relative_target();
CHECK_EQ(RVA(origin + (file_offset - origin_offset)),
(**current_rel)->rva());
// This cast is for 64 bit systems, and is only safe because we
// are working on 32 bit executables.
RVA target_rva = (RVA)(origin + (file_offset - origin_offset) +
relative_target);
Label* label = program->FindRel32Label(target_rva);
CHECK(label);
if (!(**current_rel)->EmitInstruction(program, label))
return false;
file_offset += (**current_rel)->op_size();
++(*current_rel);
continue;
}
}
// Rest of the section (if any)
return ParseSimpleRegion(file_offset, section_end, program);
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::ParseSimpleRegion(FileOffset start_file_offset,
FileOffset end_file_offset,
AssemblyProgram* program) {
// Callers don't guarantee start < end
if (start_file_offset >= end_file_offset)
return true;
const size_t len = end_file_offset - start_file_offset;
if (!program->EmitBytesInstruction(FileOffsetToPointer(start_file_offset),
len)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::ParseAbs32Relocs() {
abs32_locations_.clear();
// Loop through sections for relocation sections
for (Elf32_Half section_id = 0; section_id < SectionHeaderCount();
++section_id) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
if (section_header->sh_type == SHT_REL) {
const Elf32_Rel* relocs_table =
reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Rel*>(SectionBody(section_id));
int relocs_table_count = section_header->sh_size /
section_header->sh_entsize;
// Elf32_Word relocation_section_id = section_header->sh_info;
// Loop through relocation objects in the relocation section
for (int rel_id = 0; rel_id < relocs_table_count; ++rel_id) {
RVA rva;
// Quite a few of these conversions fail, and we simply skip
// them, that's okay.
if (RelToRVA(relocs_table[rel_id], &rva) && CheckSection(rva))
abs32_locations_.push_back(rva);
}
}
}
std::sort(abs32_locations_.begin(), abs32_locations_.end());
DCHECK(abs32_locations_.empty() ||
abs32_locations_.back() != kUnassignedRVA);
return true;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::CheckSection(RVA rva) {
FileOffset file_offset = RVAToFileOffset(rva);
if (file_offset == kNoFileOffset)
return false;
for (Elf32_Half section_id = 0; section_id < SectionHeaderCount();
++section_id) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
if (file_offset >= section_header->sh_offset &&
file_offset < (section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size)) {
switch (section_header->sh_type) {
case SHT_REL: // Falls through.
case SHT_PROGBITS:
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32::ParseRel32RelocsFromSections() {
rel32_locations_.clear();
bool found_rel32 = false;
// Loop through sections for relocation sections
for (Elf32_Half section_id = 0; section_id < SectionHeaderCount();
++section_id) {
const Elf32_Shdr* section_header = SectionHeader(section_id);
// Some debug sections can have sh_type=SHT_PROGBITS but sh_addr=0.
if (section_header->sh_type != SHT_PROGBITS ||
section_header->sh_addr == 0)
continue;
// Heuristic: Only consider ".text" section.
std::string section_name;
if (!SectionName(*section_header, &section_name))
return false;
if (section_name != ".text")
continue;
found_rel32 = true;
if (!ParseRel32RelocsFromSection(section_header))
return false;
}
if (!found_rel32)
VLOG(1) << "Warning: Found no rel32 addresses. Missing .text section?";
return true;
}
} // namespace courgette