Remove base::MakeClampedNum()

Prefer CTAD which correctly handles mismatch between an explicit
type specification (if any) and the actual argument.

-- Invoke to_underlying() on enums.
-- automated conversion of remaining callers.

Change-Id: I17d96bbaf2bc6a9133a83e21acad99efc762b81b
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/7487534
Commit-Queue: Tom Sepez <tsepez@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Cheng <dcheng@chromium.org>
Owners-Override: Daniel Cheng <dcheng@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1571784}
NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: b2f670faf832b836d888e0d16b7d73a42b1f4acc