Improve PRESUBMIT against C++23 features in partition alloc

Partition alloc must stay on C++20 for now. The existing presubmit
caught C++23 #includes but nothing else. Add a few extra patterns to
avoid issues like the one fixed by crrev.com/c/7483013.

Change-Id: I7f03e21aa99dacf7618cebde97c18682267f4926
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/7485076
Reviewed-by: Takashi Sakamoto <tasak@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Takashi Sakamoto <tasak@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Victor Vianna <victorvianna@google.com>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1570192}
NOKEYCHECK=True
GitOrigin-RevId: 557c886b5395b9ebbf9845cfcf12e64fa8fb547f