metrics_service.h

// Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

// This file defines a service that collects information about the user
// experience in order to help improve future versions of the app.

#ifndef COMPONENTS_METRICS_METRICS_SERVICE_H_
#define COMPONENTS_METRICS_METRICS_SERVICE_H_

#include <stdint.h>

#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

#include "base/bind.h"
#include "base/callback_forward.h"
#include "base/callback_list.h"
#include "base/gtest_prod_util.h"
#include "base/memory/raw_ptr.h"
#include "base/memory/weak_ptr.h"
#include "base/metrics/field_trial.h"
#include "base/metrics/histogram_flattener.h"
#include "base/metrics/histogram_snapshot_manager.h"
#include "base/metrics/user_metrics.h"
#include "base/observer_list.h"
#include "base/scoped_observation.h"
#include "base/sequence_checker.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "build/chromeos_buildflags.h"
#include "components/metrics/delegating_provider.h"
#include "components/metrics/metrics_log.h"
#include "components/metrics/metrics_log_manager.h"
#include "components/metrics/metrics_log_store.h"
#include "components/metrics/metrics_provider.h"
#include "components/metrics/metrics_reporting_service.h"

class PrefService;
class PrefRegistrySimple;
FORWARD_DECLARE_TEST(ChromeMetricsServiceClientTest,
                     TestRegisterMetricsServiceProviders);
FORWARD_DECLARE_TEST(IOSChromeMetricsServiceClientTest,
                     TestRegisterMetricsServiceProviders);

namespace base {
class HistogramSamples;
class PrefService;
}  // namespace base

namespace variations {
class SyntheticTrialRegistry;
}

namespace metrics {

class MetricsRotationScheduler;
class MetricsServiceClient;
class MetricsStateManager;

// See metrics_service.cc for a detailed description.
class MetricsService : public base::HistogramFlattener {
 public:
  // Creates the MetricsService with the given |state_manager|, |client|, and
  // |local_state|.  Does not take ownership of the paramaters; instead stores
  // a weak pointer to each. Caller should ensure that the parameters are valid
  // for the lifetime of this class.
  MetricsService(MetricsStateManager* state_manager,
                 MetricsServiceClient* client,
                 PrefService* local_state);

  MetricsService(const MetricsService&) = delete;
  MetricsService& operator=(const MetricsService&) = delete;

  ~MetricsService() override;

  // Initializes metrics recording state. Updates various bookkeeping values in
  // prefs and sets up the scheduler. This is a separate function rather than
  // being done by the constructor so that field trials could be created before
  // this is run.
  void InitializeMetricsRecordingState();

  // Starts the metrics system, turning on recording and uploading of metrics.
  // Should be called when starting up with metrics enabled, or when metrics
  // are turned on.
  void Start();

  // Starts the metrics system in a special test-only mode. Metrics won't ever
  // be uploaded or persisted in this mode, but metrics will be recorded in
  // memory.
  void StartRecordingForTests();

  // Starts updating the "last live" browser timestamp.
  void StartUpdatingLastLiveTimestamp();

  // Shuts down the metrics system. Should be called at shutdown, or if metrics
  // are turned off.
  void Stop();

  // Enable/disable transmission of accumulated logs and crash reports (dumps).
  // Calling Start() automatically enables reporting, but sending is
  // asyncronous so this can be called immediately after Start() to prevent
  // any uploading.
  void EnableReporting();
  void DisableReporting();

  // Returns the client ID for this client, or the empty string if metrics
  // recording is not currently running.
  std::string GetClientId() const;

  // Set an external provided id for the metrics service. This method can be
  // set by a caller which wants to explicitly control the *next* id used by the
  // metrics service. Note that setting the external client id will *not* change
  // the current metrics client id. In order to change the current client id,
  // callers should call ResetClientId to change the current client id to the
  // provided id.
  void SetExternalClientId(const std::string& id);

  // Returns the date at which the current metrics client ID was created as
  // an int64_t containing seconds since the epoch.
  int64_t GetMetricsReportingEnabledDate();

  // Returns true if the last session exited cleanly.
  bool WasLastShutdownClean() const;

  // Registers local state prefs used by this class.
  static void RegisterPrefs(PrefRegistrySimple* registry);

  // HistogramFlattener:
  void RecordDelta(const base::HistogramBase& histogram,
                   const base::HistogramSamples& snapshot) override;

  // This should be called when the application is not idle, i.e. the user seems
  // to be interacting with the application.
  void OnApplicationNotIdle();

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID) || BUILDFLAG(IS_IOS)
  // Called when the application is going into background mode.
  // If |keep_recording_in_background| is true, UMA is still recorded and
  // reported while in the background.
  void OnAppEnterBackground(bool keep_recording_in_background = false);

  // Called when the application is coming out of background mode.
  void OnAppEnterForeground(bool force_open_new_log = false);
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID) || BUILDFLAG(IS_IOS)

  // Signals that the browser is shutting down cleanly. Intended to be called
  // during shutdown after critical shutdown tasks have completed.
  void LogCleanShutdown();

  bool recording_active() const;
  bool reporting_active() const;
  bool has_unsent_logs() const;

  bool IsMetricsReportingEnabled() const;

  // Register the specified |provider| to provide additional metrics into the
  // UMA log. Should be called during MetricsService initialization only.
  void RegisterMetricsProvider(std::unique_ptr<MetricsProvider> provider);

  // Check if this install was cloned or imaged from another machine. If a
  // clone is detected, reset the client id and low entropy source. This
  // should not be called more than once.
  void CheckForClonedInstall();

  // Checks if the cloned install detector says that client ids should be reset.
  bool ShouldResetClientIdsOnClonedInstall();

  // Clears the stability metrics that are saved in local state.
  void ClearSavedStabilityMetrics();

  // Marks current histograms as reported by snapshotting them, without
  // actually saving the deltas. At a higher level, this is used to throw
  // away new histogram samples (since the last log) so that they will not
  // be included in the next log.
  void MarkCurrentHistogramsAsReported();

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
  // Binds a user log store to store unsent logs. This log store will be
  // fully managed by MetricsLogStore. This will no-op if another log store has
  // already been set.
  //
  // If this is called before initial logs are recorded, then histograms
  // recorded before user log store is set will be included with user histograms
  // when initial logs are recorded.
  //
  // If this is called after initial logs are recorded, then this will flush all
  // logs recorded before swapping to |user_log_store|.
  void SetUserLogStore(std::unique_ptr<UnsentLogStore> user_log_store);

  // Unbinds the user log store. If there was no user log store, then this does
  // nothing.
  //
  // If this is called before initial logs are recorded, then histograms and the
  // current log will be discarded.
  //
  // If called after initial logs are recorded, then this will flush all logs
  // before the user log store is unset.
  void UnsetUserLogStore();

  // Returns true if a user log store has been bound.
  bool HasUserLogStore();

  // Initializes per-user metrics collection. Logs recorded during a user
  // session will be stored within each user's directory and consent to send
  // these logs will be controlled by each user. Logs recorded before any user
  // logs in or during guest sessions (given device owner has consented) will be
  // stored in local_state.
  //
  // This is in its own function because the MetricsService is created very
  // early on and a user metrics service may have dependencies on services that
  // are created happen after MetricsService is initialized.
  void InitPerUserMetrics();

  // Returns the current user metrics consent if it should be applied to
  // determine metrics reporting state.
  //
  // See comments at MetricsServiceClient::GetCurrentUserMetricsConsent() for
  // more details.
  absl::optional<bool> GetCurrentUserMetricsConsent() const;

  // Returns the current logged in user id. See comments at
  // MetricsServiceClient::GetCurrentUserId() for more details.
  absl::optional<std::string> GetCurrentUserId() const;

  // Updates the current user metrics consent. No-ops if no user has logged in.
  void UpdateCurrentUserMetricsConsent(bool user_metrics_consent);
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
  // Forces the client ID to be reset and generates a new client ID. This will
  // be called when a user re-consents to metrics collection and the user had
  // consented in the past.
  //
  // This is to preserve the pseudo-anonymous identifier <client_id, user_id>.
  void ResetClientId();
#endif  // BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)

  variations::SyntheticTrialRegistry* GetSyntheticTrialRegistry();

  MetricsLogStore* LogStoreForTest() {
    return reporting_service_.metrics_log_store();
  }

  // Test hook to safely stage the current log in the log store.
  bool StageCurrentLogForTest();

  DelegatingProvider* GetDelegatingProviderForTesting() {
    return &delegating_provider_;
  }

  // Observers will be notified when the enablement state changes. The callback
  // should accept one boolean argument, which will signal whether or not the
  // metrics collection has been enabled.
  base::CallbackListSubscription AddEnablementObserver(
      const base::RepeatingCallback<void(bool)>& observer);

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID) || BUILDFLAG(IS_IOS)
  bool IsInForegroundForTesting() const { return is_in_foreground_; }
#endif

 protected:
  // Sets the persistent system profile. Virtual for tests.
  virtual void SetPersistentSystemProfile(const std::string& serialized_proto,
                                          bool complete);

  // Records the current environment (system profile) in |log|, and persists
  // the results in prefs.
  // Exposed for testing.
  static std::string RecordCurrentEnvironmentHelper(
      MetricsLog* log,
      PrefService* local_state,
      DelegatingProvider* delegating_provider);

  // The MetricsService has a lifecycle that is stored as a state.
  // See metrics_service.cc for description of this lifecycle.
  enum State {
    CONSTRUCTED,          // Constructor was called.
    INITIALIZED,          // InitializeMetricsRecordingState() was called.
    INIT_TASK_SCHEDULED,  // Waiting for deferred init tasks to finish.
    INIT_TASK_DONE,       // Waiting for timer to send initial log.
    SENDING_LOGS,         // Sending logs an creating new ones when we run out.
  };

  State state() const { return state_; }

 private:
  // The current state of recording for the MetricsService. The state is UNSET
  // until set to something else, at which point it remains INACTIVE or ACTIVE
  // for the lifetime of the object.
  enum RecordingState {
    INACTIVE,
    ACTIVE,
    UNSET,
  };

  // Gets the LogStore for UMA logs.
  MetricsLogStore* log_store() {
    return reporting_service_.metrics_log_store();
  }

  // Calls into the client to initialize some system profile metrics.
  void StartInitTask();

  // Callback that moves the state to INIT_TASK_DONE. When this is called, the
  // state should be INIT_TASK_SCHEDULED.
  void FinishedInitTask();

  void OnUserAction(const std::string& action, base::TimeTicks action_time);

  // Get the amount of uptime since this process started and since the last
  // call to this function.  Also updates the cumulative uptime metric (stored
  // as a pref) for uninstall.  Uptimes are measured using TimeTicks, which
  // guarantees that it is monotonic and does not jump if the user changes
  // their clock.  The TimeTicks implementation also makes the clock not
  // count time the computer is suspended.
  void GetUptimes(PrefService* pref,
                  base::TimeDelta* incremental_uptime,
                  base::TimeDelta* uptime);

  // Turns recording on or off.
  // DisableRecording() also forces a persistent save of logging state (if
  // anything has been recorded, or transmitted).
  void EnableRecording();
  void DisableRecording();

  // If in_idle is true, sets idle_since_last_transmission to true.
  // If in_idle is false and idle_since_last_transmission_ is true, sets
  // idle_since_last_transmission to false and starts the timer (provided
  // starting the timer is permitted).
  void HandleIdleSinceLastTransmission(bool in_idle);

  // Set up client ID, session ID, etc.
  void InitializeMetricsState();

  // Opens a new log for recording user experience metrics.
  void OpenNewLog();

  // Closes out the current log after adding any last information.
  void CloseCurrentLog();

  // Pushes the text of the current and staged logs into persistent storage.
  // Called when Chrome shuts down.
  void PushPendingLogsToPersistentStorage();

  // Ensures that scheduler is running, assuming the current settings are such
  // that metrics should be reported. If not, this is a no-op.
  void StartSchedulerIfNecessary();

  // Starts the process of uploading metrics data.
  void StartScheduledUpload();

  // Called by the client via a callback when final log info collection is
  // complete.
  void OnFinalLogInfoCollectionDone();

  // Prepares the initial stability log, which is only logged when the previous
  // run of Chrome crashed.  This log contains any stability metrics left over
  // from that previous run, and only these stability metrics.  It uses the
  // system profile from the previous session.  |prefs_previous_version| is used
  // to validate the version number recovered from the system profile.  Returns
  // true if a log was created.
  bool PrepareInitialStabilityLog(const std::string& prefs_previous_version);

  // Prepares the initial metrics log, which includes startup histograms and
  // profiler data, as well as incremental stability-related metrics.
  void PrepareInitialMetricsLog();

  // Reads, increments and then sets the specified long preference that is
  // stored as a string.
  void IncrementLongPrefsValue(const char* path);

  // Creates a new MetricsLog instance with the given |log_type|.
  std::unique_ptr<MetricsLog> CreateLog(MetricsLog::LogType log_type);

  // Records the current environment (system profile) in |log|, and persists
  // the results in prefs and GlobalPersistentSystemProfile.
  void RecordCurrentEnvironment(MetricsLog* log, bool complete);

  // Record complete list of histograms into the current log.
  // Called when we close a log.
  void RecordCurrentHistograms();

  // Record complete list of stability histograms into the current log,
  // i.e., histograms with the |kUmaStabilityHistogramFlag| flag set.
  void RecordCurrentStabilityHistograms();

  // Handle completion of PrepareProviderMetricsLog which is run as a
  // background task.
  void PrepareProviderMetricsLogDone(
      std::unique_ptr<MetricsLog::IndependentMetricsLoader> loader,
      bool success);

  // Record a single independent profile and associated histogram from
  // metrics providers. If this returns true, one was found and there may
  // be more.
  bool PrepareProviderMetricsLog();

  // Records one independent histogram log and then reschedules itself to
  // check for others. The interval is so as to not adversely impact the UI.
  void PrepareProviderMetricsTask();

  // Updates the "last live" browser timestamp and schedules the next update.
  void UpdateLastLiveTimestampTask();

  // Sub-service for uploading logs.
  MetricsReportingService reporting_service_;

  // Manager for the various in-flight logs.
  MetricsLogManager log_manager_;

  // |histogram_snapshot_manager_| prepares histogram deltas for transmission.
  base::HistogramSnapshotManager histogram_snapshot_manager_;

  // Used to manage various metrics reporting state prefs, such as client id,
  // low entropy source and whether metrics reporting is enabled. Weak pointer.
  const raw_ptr<MetricsStateManager> state_manager_;

  // Used to interact with the embedder. Weak pointer; must outlive |this|
  // instance.
  const raw_ptr<MetricsServiceClient> client_;

  // Registered metrics providers.
  DelegatingProvider delegating_provider_;

  raw_ptr<PrefService> local_state_;

  base::ActionCallback action_callback_;

  // Indicate whether recording and reporting are currently happening.
  // These should not be set directly, but by calling SetRecording and
  // SetReporting.
  RecordingState recording_state_;

  // Indicate whether test mode is enabled, where the initial log should never
  // be cut, and logs are neither persisted nor uploaded.
  bool test_mode_active_;

  // The progression of states made by the browser are recorded in the following
  // state.
  State state_;

  // The initial metrics log, used to record startup metrics (histograms and
  // profiler data). Note that if a crash occurred in the previous session, an
  // initial stability log may be sent before this.
  std::unique_ptr<MetricsLog> initial_metrics_log_;

  // Whether the MetricsService object has received any notifications since
  // the last time a transmission was sent.
  bool idle_since_last_transmission_;

  // A number that identifies the how many times the app has been launched.
  int session_id_;

  // The scheduler for determining when log rotations should happen.
  std::unique_ptr<MetricsRotationScheduler> rotation_scheduler_;

  // Stores the time of the first call to |GetUptimes()|.
  base::TimeTicks first_updated_time_;

  // Stores the time of the last call to |GetUptimes()|.
  base::TimeTicks last_updated_time_;

  // Indicates if loading of independent metrics is currently active.
  bool independent_loader_active_ = false;

  // A set of observers that keeps track of the metrics reporting state.
  base::RepeatingCallbackList<void(bool)> enablement_observers_;

#if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID) || BUILDFLAG(IS_IOS)
  // Indicates whether OnAppEnterForeground() (true) or OnAppEnterBackground
  // (false) was called.
  bool is_in_foreground_ = false;
#endif

  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(MetricsServiceTest, ActiveFieldTrialsReported);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(MetricsServiceTest, IsPluginProcess);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(::ChromeMetricsServiceClientTest,
                           TestRegisterMetricsServiceProviders);
  FRIEND_TEST_ALL_PREFIXES(::IOSChromeMetricsServiceClientTest,
                           TestRegisterMetricsServiceProviders);
  SEQUENCE_CHECKER(sequence_checker_);

  // Weak pointers factory used to post task on different threads. All weak
  // pointers managed by this factory have the same lifetime as MetricsService.
  base::WeakPtrFactory<MetricsService> self_ptr_factory_{this};
};

}  // namespace metrics

#endif  // COMPONENTS_METRICS_METRICS_SERVICE_H_