third_party/pytz/__init__.py

'''
datetime.tzinfo timezone definitions generated from the
Olson timezone database:

    ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz

See the datetime section of the Python Library Reference for information
on how to use these modules.
'''

# The Olson database is updated several times a year.
OLSON_VERSION = '2013b'
VERSION = OLSON_VERSION
# Version format for a patch release - only one so far.
#VERSION = OLSON_VERSION + '.2'
__version__ = OLSON_VERSION

OLSEN_VERSION = OLSON_VERSION # Old releases had this misspelling

__all__ = [
    'timezone', 'utc', 'country_timezones', 'country_names',
    'AmbiguousTimeError', 'InvalidTimeError',
    'NonExistentTimeError', 'UnknownTimeZoneError',
    'all_timezones', 'all_timezones_set',
    'common_timezones', 'common_timezones_set',
    ]

import sys, datetime, os.path, gettext
try:
    from UserDict import DictMixin
except ImportError:
    from collections import Mapping as DictMixin

try:
    from pkg_resources import resource_stream
except ImportError:
    resource_stream = None

from pytz.exceptions import AmbiguousTimeError
from pytz.exceptions import InvalidTimeError
from pytz.exceptions import NonExistentTimeError
from pytz.exceptions import UnknownTimeZoneError
from pytz.tzinfo import unpickler
from pytz.tzfile import build_tzinfo, _byte_string


try:
    unicode

except NameError: # Python 3.x

    # Python 3.x doesn't have unicode(), making writing code
    # for Python 2.3 and Python 3.x a pain.
    unicode = str

    def ascii(s):
        r"""
        >>> ascii('Hello')
        'Hello'
        >>> ascii('\N{TRADE MARK SIGN}') #doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
        Traceback (most recent call last):
            ...
        UnicodeEncodeError: ...
        """
        s.encode('US-ASCII') # Raise an exception if not ASCII
        return s # But return the original string - not a byte string.

else: # Python 2.x

    def ascii(s):
        r"""
        >>> ascii('Hello')
        'Hello'
        >>> ascii(u'Hello')
        'Hello'
        >>> ascii(u'\N{TRADE MARK SIGN}') #doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
        Traceback (most recent call last):
            ...
        UnicodeEncodeError: ...
        """
        return s.encode('US-ASCII')


def open_resource(name):
    """Open a resource from the zoneinfo subdir for reading.

    Uses the pkg_resources module if available and no standard file
    found at the calculated location.
    """
    name_parts = name.lstrip('/').split('/')
    for part in name_parts:
        if part == os.path.pardir or os.path.sep in part:
            raise ValueError('Bad path segment: %r' % part)
    filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
                            'zoneinfo', *name_parts)
    if not os.path.exists(filename) and resource_stream is not None:
        # http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/383171 - we avoid using this
        # unless absolutely necessary to help when a broken version of
        # pkg_resources is installed.
        return resource_stream(__name__, 'zoneinfo/' + name)
    return open(filename, 'rb')


def resource_exists(name):
    """Return true if the given resource exists"""
    try:
        open_resource(name).close()
        return True
    except IOError:
        return False


# Enable this when we get some translations?
# We want an i18n API that is useful to programs using Python's gettext
# module, as well as the Zope3 i18n package. Perhaps we should just provide
# the POT file and translations, and leave it up to callers to make use
# of them.
# 
# t = gettext.translation(
#         'pytz', os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'locales'),
#         fallback=True
#         )
# def _(timezone_name):
#     """Translate a timezone name using the current locale, returning Unicode"""
#     return t.ugettext(timezone_name)


_tzinfo_cache = {}

def timezone(zone):
    r''' Return a datetime.tzinfo implementation for the given timezone 

    >>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta
    >>> utc = timezone('UTC')
    >>> eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
    >>> eastern.zone
    'US/Eastern'
    >>> timezone(unicode('US/Eastern')) is eastern
    True
    >>> utc_dt = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc)
    >>> loc_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(eastern)
    >>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z (%z)'
    >>> loc_dt.strftime(fmt)
    '2002-10-27 01:00:00 EST (-0500)'
    >>> (loc_dt - timedelta(minutes=10)).strftime(fmt)
    '2002-10-27 00:50:00 EST (-0500)'
    >>> eastern.normalize(loc_dt - timedelta(minutes=10)).strftime(fmt)
    '2002-10-27 01:50:00 EDT (-0400)'
    >>> (loc_dt + timedelta(minutes=10)).strftime(fmt)
    '2002-10-27 01:10:00 EST (-0500)'

    Raises UnknownTimeZoneError if passed an unknown zone.

    >>> try:
    ...     timezone('Asia/Shangri-La')
    ... except UnknownTimeZoneError:
    ...     print('Unknown')
    Unknown

    >>> try:
    ...     timezone(unicode('\N{TRADE MARK SIGN}'))
    ... except UnknownTimeZoneError:
    ...     print('Unknown')
    Unknown

    '''
    if zone.upper() == 'UTC':
        return utc

    try:
        zone = ascii(zone)
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        # All valid timezones are ASCII
        raise UnknownTimeZoneError(zone)

    zone = _unmunge_zone(zone)
    if zone not in _tzinfo_cache:
        if zone in all_timezones_set:
            fp = open_resource(zone)
            try:
                _tzinfo_cache[zone] = build_tzinfo(zone, fp)
            finally:
                fp.close()
        else:
            raise UnknownTimeZoneError(zone)

    return _tzinfo_cache[zone]


def _unmunge_zone(zone):
    """Undo the time zone name munging done by older versions of pytz."""
    return zone.replace('_plus_', '+').replace('_minus_', '-')


ZERO = datetime.timedelta(0)
HOUR = datetime.timedelta(hours=1)


class UTC(datetime.tzinfo):
    """UTC

    Optimized UTC implementation. It unpickles using the single module global
    instance defined beneath this class declaration.
    """
    zone = "UTC"

    _utcoffset = ZERO
    _dst = ZERO
    _tzname = zone

    def fromutc(self, dt):
        if dt.tzinfo is None:
            return self.localize(dt)
        return super(utc.__class__, self).fromutc(dt)

    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return ZERO

    def tzname(self, dt):
        return "UTC"

    def dst(self, dt):
        return ZERO

    def __reduce__(self):
        return _UTC, ()

    def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
        '''Convert naive time to local time'''
        if dt.tzinfo is not None:
            raise ValueError('Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)')
        return dt.replace(tzinfo=self)

    def normalize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
        '''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime'''
        if dt.tzinfo is self:
            return dt
        if dt.tzinfo is None:
            raise ValueError('Naive time - no tzinfo set')
        return dt.astimezone(self)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<UTC>"

    def __str__(self):
        return "UTC"


UTC = utc = UTC() # UTC is a singleton


def _UTC():
    """Factory function for utc unpickling.

    Makes sure that unpickling a utc instance always returns the same 
    module global.

    These examples belong in the UTC class above, but it is obscured; or in
    the README.txt, but we are not depending on Python 2.4 so integrating
    the README.txt examples with the unit tests is not trivial.

    >>> import datetime, pickle
    >>> dt = datetime.datetime(2005, 3, 1, 14, 13, 21, tzinfo=utc)
    >>> naive = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
    >>> p = pickle.dumps(dt, 1)
    >>> naive_p = pickle.dumps(naive, 1)
    >>> len(p) - len(naive_p)
    17
    >>> new = pickle.loads(p)
    >>> new == dt
    True
    >>> new is dt
    False
    >>> new.tzinfo is dt.tzinfo
    True
    >>> utc is UTC is timezone('UTC')
    True
    >>> utc is timezone('GMT')
    False
    """
    return utc
_UTC.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True


def _p(*args):
    """Factory function for unpickling pytz tzinfo instances.

    Just a wrapper around tzinfo.unpickler to save a few bytes in each pickle
    by shortening the path.
    """
    return unpickler(*args)
_p.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True


class _LazyDict(DictMixin):
    """Dictionary populated on first use."""
    data = None
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if self.data is None:
            self._fill()
        return self.data[key.upper()]

    def __contains__(self, key):
        if self.data is None:
            self._fill()
        return key in self.data

    def __iter__(self):
        if self.data is None:
            self._fill()
        return iter(self.data)

    def __len__(self):
        if self.data is None:
            self._fill()
        return len(self.data)

    def keys(self):
        if self.data is None:
            self._fill()
        return self.data.keys()


class _CountryTimezoneDict(_LazyDict):
    """Map ISO 3166 country code to a list of timezone names commonly used
    in that country.

    iso3166_code is the two letter code used to identify the country.

    >>> def print_list(list_of_strings):
    ...     'We use a helper so doctests work under Python 2.3 -> 3.x'
    ...     for s in list_of_strings:
    ...         print(s)

    >>> print_list(country_timezones['nz'])
    Pacific/Auckland
    Pacific/Chatham
    >>> print_list(country_timezones['ch'])
    Europe/Zurich
    >>> print_list(country_timezones['CH'])
    Europe/Zurich
    >>> print_list(country_timezones[unicode('ch')])
    Europe/Zurich
    >>> print_list(country_timezones['XXX'])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    KeyError: 'XXX'

    Previously, this information was exposed as a function rather than a
    dictionary. This is still supported::

    >>> print_list(country_timezones('nz'))
    Pacific/Auckland
    Pacific/Chatham
    """
    def __call__(self, iso3166_code):
        """Backwards compatibility."""
        return self[iso3166_code]

    def _fill(self):
        data = {}
        zone_tab = open_resource('zone.tab')
        try:
            for line in zone_tab:
                line = line.decode('US-ASCII')
                if line.startswith('#'):
                    continue
                code, coordinates, zone = line.split(None, 4)[:3]
                if zone not in all_timezones_set:
                    continue
                try:
                    data[code].append(zone)
                except KeyError:
                    data[code] = [zone]
            self.data = data
        finally:
            zone_tab.close()

country_timezones = _CountryTimezoneDict()


class _CountryNameDict(_LazyDict):
    '''Dictionary proving ISO3166 code -> English name.

    >>> print(country_names['au'])
    Australia
    '''
    def _fill(self):
        data = {}
        zone_tab = open_resource('iso3166.tab')
        try:
            for line in zone_tab.readlines():
                line = line.decode('US-ASCII')
                if line.startswith('#'):
                    continue
                code, name = line.split(None, 1)
                data[code] = name.strip()
            self.data = data
        finally:
            zone_tab.close()

country_names = _CountryNameDict()


# Time-zone info based solely on fixed offsets

class _FixedOffset(datetime.tzinfo):

    zone = None # to match the standard pytz API

    def __init__(self, minutes):
        if abs(minutes) >= 1440:
            raise ValueError("absolute offset is too large", minutes)
        self._minutes = minutes
        self._offset = datetime.timedelta(minutes=minutes)

    def utcoffset(self, dt):
        return self._offset

    def __reduce__(self):
        return FixedOffset, (self._minutes, )

    def dst(self, dt):
        return ZERO

    def tzname(self, dt):
        return None

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'pytz.FixedOffset(%d)' % self._minutes

    def localize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
        '''Convert naive time to local time'''
        if dt.tzinfo is not None:
            raise ValueError('Not naive datetime (tzinfo is already set)')
        return dt.replace(tzinfo=self)

    def normalize(self, dt, is_dst=False):
        '''Correct the timezone information on the given datetime'''
        if dt.tzinfo is None:
            raise ValueError('Naive time - no tzinfo set')
        return dt.replace(tzinfo=self)


def FixedOffset(offset, _tzinfos = {}):
    """return a fixed-offset timezone based off a number of minutes.

        >>> one = FixedOffset(-330)
        >>> one
        pytz.FixedOffset(-330)
        >>> one.utcoffset(datetime.datetime.now())
        datetime.timedelta(-1, 66600)
        >>> one.dst(datetime.datetime.now())
        datetime.timedelta(0)

        >>> two = FixedOffset(1380)
        >>> two
        pytz.FixedOffset(1380)
        >>> two.utcoffset(datetime.datetime.now())
        datetime.timedelta(0, 82800)
        >>> two.dst(datetime.datetime.now())
        datetime.timedelta(0)

    The datetime.timedelta must be between the range of -1 and 1 day,
    non-inclusive.

        >>> FixedOffset(1440)
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: ('absolute offset is too large', 1440)

        >>> FixedOffset(-1440)
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
        ValueError: ('absolute offset is too large', -1440)

    An offset of 0 is special-cased to return UTC.

        >>> FixedOffset(0) is UTC
        True

    There should always be only one instance of a FixedOffset per timedelta.
    This should be true for multiple creation calls.

        >>> FixedOffset(-330) is one
        True
        >>> FixedOffset(1380) is two
        True

    It should also be true for pickling.

        >>> import pickle
        >>> pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(one)) is one
        True
        >>> pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(two)) is two
        True
    """
    if offset == 0:
        return UTC

    info = _tzinfos.get(offset)
    if info is None:
        # We haven't seen this one before. we need to save it.

        # Use setdefault to avoid a race condition and make sure we have
        # only one
        info = _tzinfos.setdefault(offset, _FixedOffset(offset))

    return info

FixedOffset.__safe_for_unpickling__ = True


def _test():
    import doctest, os, sys
    sys.path.insert(0, os.pardir)
    import pytz
    return doctest.testmod(pytz)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    _test()

all_timezones = \
['Africa/Abidjan',
 'Africa/Accra',
 'Africa/Addis_Ababa',
 'Africa/Algiers',
 'Africa/Asmara',
 'Africa/Asmera',
 'Africa/Bamako',
 'Africa/Bangui',
 'Africa/Banjul',
 'Africa/Bissau',
 'Africa/Blantyre',
 'Africa/Brazzaville',
 'Africa/Bujumbura',
 'Africa/Cairo',
 'Africa/Casablanca',
 'Africa/Ceuta',
 'Africa/Conakry',
 'Africa/Dakar',
 'Africa/Dar_es_Salaam',
 'Africa/Djibouti',
 'Africa/Douala',
 'Africa/El_Aaiun',
 'Africa/Freetown',
 'Africa/Gaborone',
 'Africa/Harare',
 'Africa/Johannesburg',
 'Africa/Juba',
 'Africa/Kampala',
 'Africa/Khartoum',
 'Africa/Kigali',
 'Africa/Kinshasa',
 'Africa/Lagos',
 'Africa/Libreville',
 'Africa/Lome',
 'Africa/Luanda',
 'Africa/Lubumbashi',
 'Africa/Lusaka',
 'Africa/Malabo',
 'Africa/Maputo',
 'Africa/Maseru',
 'Africa/Mbabane',
 'Africa/Mogadishu',
 'Africa/Monrovia',
 'Africa/Nairobi',
 'Africa/Ndjamena',
 'Africa/Niamey',
 'Africa/Nouakchott',
 'Africa/Ouagadougou',
 'Africa/Porto-Novo',
 'Africa/Sao_Tome',
 'Africa/Timbuktu',
 'Africa/Tripoli',
 'Africa/Tunis',
 'Africa/Windhoek',
 'America/Adak',
 'America/Anchorage',
 'America/Anguilla',
 'America/Antigua',
 'America/Araguaina',
 'America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires',
 'America/Argentina/Catamarca',
 'America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia',
 'America/Argentina/Cordoba',
 'America/Argentina/Jujuy',
 'America/Argentina/La_Rioja',
 'America/Argentina/Mendoza',
 'America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos',
 'America/Argentina/Salta',
 'America/Argentina/San_Juan',
 'America/Argentina/San_Luis',
 'America/Argentina/Tucuman',
 'America/Argentina/Ushuaia',
 'America/Aruba',
 'America/Asuncion',
 'America/Atikokan',
 'America/Atka',
 'America/Bahia',
 'America/Bahia_Banderas',
 'America/Barbados',
 'America/Belem',
 'America/Belize',
 'America/Blanc-Sablon',
 'America/Boa_Vista',
 'America/Bogota',
 'America/Boise',
 'America/Buenos_Aires',
 'America/Cambridge_Bay',
 'America/Campo_Grande',
 'America/Cancun',
 'America/Caracas',
 'America/Catamarca',
 'America/Cayenne',
 'America/Cayman',
 'America/Chicago',
 'America/Chihuahua',
 'America/Coral_Harbour',
 'America/Cordoba',
 'America/Costa_Rica',
 'America/Creston',
 'America/Cuiaba',
 'America/Curacao',
 'America/Danmarkshavn',
 'America/Dawson',
 'America/Dawson_Creek',
 'America/Denver',
 'America/Detroit',
 'America/Dominica',
 'America/Edmonton',
 'America/Eirunepe',
 'America/El_Salvador',
 'America/Ensenada',
 'America/Fort_Wayne',
 'America/Fortaleza',
 'America/Glace_Bay',
 'America/Godthab',
 'America/Goose_Bay',
 'America/Grand_Turk',
 'America/Grenada',
 'America/Guadeloupe',
 'America/Guatemala',
 'America/Guayaquil',
 'America/Guyana',
 'America/Halifax',
 'America/Havana',
 'America/Hermosillo',
 'America/Indiana/Indianapolis',
 'America/Indiana/Knox',
 'America/Indiana/Marengo',
 'America/Indiana/Petersburg',
 'America/Indiana/Tell_City',
 'America/Indiana/Vevay',
 'America/Indiana/Vincennes',
 'America/Indiana/Winamac',
 'America/Indianapolis',
 'America/Inuvik',
 'America/Iqaluit',
 'America/Jamaica',
 'America/Jujuy',
 'America/Juneau',
 'America/Kentucky/Louisville',
 'America/Kentucky/Monticello',
 'America/Knox_IN',
 'America/Kralendijk',
 'America/La_Paz',
 'America/Lima',
 'America/Los_Angeles',
 'America/Louisville',
 'America/Lower_Princes',
 'America/Maceio',
 'America/Managua',
 'America/Manaus',
 'America/Marigot',
 'America/Martinique',
 'America/Matamoros',
 'America/Mazatlan',
 'America/Mendoza',
 'America/Menominee',
 'America/Merida',
 'America/Metlakatla',
 'America/Mexico_City',
 'America/Miquelon',
 'America/Moncton',
 'America/Monterrey',
 'America/Montevideo',
 'America/Montreal',
 'America/Montserrat',
 'America/Nassau',
 'America/New_York',
 'America/Nipigon',
 'America/Nome',
 'America/Noronha',
 'America/North_Dakota/Beulah',
 'America/North_Dakota/Center',
 'America/North_Dakota/New_Salem',
 'America/Ojinaga',
 'America/Panama',
 'America/Pangnirtung',
 'America/Paramaribo',
 'America/Phoenix',
 'America/Port-au-Prince',
 'America/Port_of_Spain',
 'America/Porto_Acre',
 'America/Porto_Velho',
 'America/Puerto_Rico',
 'America/Rainy_River',
 'America/Rankin_Inlet',
 'America/Recife',
 'America/Regina',
 'America/Resolute',
 'America/Rio_Branco',
 'America/Rosario',
 'America/Santa_Isabel',
 'America/Santarem',
 'America/Santiago',
 'America/Santo_Domingo',
 'America/Sao_Paulo',
 'America/Scoresbysund',
 'America/Shiprock',
 'America/Sitka',
 'America/St_Barthelemy',
 'America/St_Johns',
 'America/St_Kitts',
 'America/St_Lucia',
 'America/St_Thomas',
 'America/St_Vincent',
 'America/Swift_Current',
 'America/Tegucigalpa',
 'America/Thule',
 'America/Thunder_Bay',
 'America/Tijuana',
 'America/Toronto',
 'America/Tortola',
 'America/Vancouver',
 'America/Virgin',
 'America/Whitehorse',
 'America/Winnipeg',
 'America/Yakutat',
 'America/Yellowknife',
 'Antarctica/Casey',
 'Antarctica/Davis',
 'Antarctica/DumontDUrville',
 'Antarctica/Macquarie',
 'Antarctica/Mawson',
 'Antarctica/McMurdo',
 'Antarctica/Palmer',
 'Antarctica/Rothera',
 'Antarctica/South_Pole',
 'Antarctica/Syowa',
 'Antarctica/Vostok',
 'Arctic/Longyearbyen',
 'Asia/Aden',
 'Asia/Almaty',
 'Asia/Amman',
 'Asia/Anadyr',
 'Asia/Aqtau',
 'Asia/Aqtobe',
 'Asia/Ashgabat',
 'Asia/Ashkhabad',
 'Asia/Baghdad',
 'Asia/Bahrain',
 'Asia/Baku',
 'Asia/Bangkok',
 'Asia/Beirut',
 'Asia/Bishkek',
 'Asia/Brunei',
 'Asia/Calcutta',
 'Asia/Choibalsan',
 'Asia/Chongqing',
 'Asia/Chungking',
 'Asia/Colombo',
 'Asia/Dacca',
 'Asia/Damascus',
 'Asia/Dhaka',
 'Asia/Dili',
 'Asia/Dubai',
 'Asia/Dushanbe',
 'Asia/Gaza',
 'Asia/Harbin',
 'Asia/Hebron',
 'Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh',
 'Asia/Hong_Kong',
 'Asia/Hovd',
 'Asia/Irkutsk',
 'Asia/Istanbul',
 'Asia/Jakarta',
 'Asia/Jayapura',
 'Asia/Jerusalem',
 'Asia/Kabul',
 'Asia/Kamchatka',
 'Asia/Karachi',
 'Asia/Kashgar',
 'Asia/Kathmandu',
 'Asia/Katmandu',
 'Asia/Khandyga',
 'Asia/Kolkata',
 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk',
 'Asia/Kuala_Lumpur',
 'Asia/Kuching',
 'Asia/Kuwait',
 'Asia/Macao',
 'Asia/Macau',
 'Asia/Magadan',
 'Asia/Makassar',
 'Asia/Manila',
 'Asia/Muscat',
 'Asia/Nicosia',
 'Asia/Novokuznetsk',
 'Asia/Novosibirsk',
 'Asia/Omsk',
 'Asia/Oral',
 'Asia/Phnom_Penh',
 'Asia/Pontianak',
 'Asia/Pyongyang',
 'Asia/Qatar',
 'Asia/Qyzylorda',
 'Asia/Rangoon',
 'Asia/Riyadh',
 'Asia/Saigon',
 'Asia/Sakhalin',
 'Asia/Samarkand',
 'Asia/Seoul',
 'Asia/Shanghai',
 'Asia/Singapore',
 'Asia/Taipei',
 'Asia/Tashkent',
 'Asia/Tbilisi',
 'Asia/Tehran',
 'Asia/Tel_Aviv',
 'Asia/Thimbu',
 'Asia/Thimphu',
 'Asia/Tokyo',
 'Asia/Ujung_Pandang',
 'Asia/Ulaanbaatar',
 'Asia/Ulan_Bator',
 'Asia/Urumqi',
 'Asia/Ust-Nera',
 'Asia/Vientiane',
 'Asia/Vladivostok',
 'Asia/Yakutsk',
 'Asia/Yekaterinburg',
 'Asia/Yerevan',
 'Atlantic/Azores',
 'Atlantic/Bermuda',
 'Atlantic/Canary',
 'Atlantic/Cape_Verde',
 'Atlantic/Faeroe',
 'Atlantic/Faroe',
 'Atlantic/Jan_Mayen',
 'Atlantic/Madeira',
 'Atlantic/Reykjavik',
 'Atlantic/South_Georgia',
 'Atlantic/St_Helena',
 'Atlantic/Stanley',
 'Australia/ACT',
 'Australia/Adelaide',
 'Australia/Brisbane',
 'Australia/Broken_Hill',
 'Australia/Canberra',
 'Australia/Currie',
 'Australia/Darwin',
 'Australia/Eucla',
 'Australia/Hobart',
 'Australia/LHI',
 'Australia/Lindeman',
 'Australia/Lord_Howe',
 'Australia/Melbourne',
 'Australia/NSW',
 'Australia/North',
 'Australia/Perth',
 'Australia/Queensland',
 'Australia/South',
 'Australia/Sydney',
 'Australia/Tasmania',
 'Australia/Victoria',
 'Australia/West',
 'Australia/Yancowinna',
 'Brazil/Acre',
 'Brazil/DeNoronha',
 'Brazil/East',
 'Brazil/West',
 'CET',
 'CST6CDT',
 'Canada/Atlantic',
 'Canada/Central',
 'Canada/East-Saskatchewan',
 'Canada/Eastern',
 'Canada/Mountain',
 'Canada/Newfoundland',
 'Canada/Pacific',
 'Canada/Saskatchewan',
 'Canada/Yukon',
 'Chile/Continental',
 'Chile/EasterIsland',
 'Cuba',
 'EET',
 'EST',
 'EST5EDT',
 'Egypt',
 'Eire',
 'Etc/GMT',
 'Etc/GMT+0',
 'Etc/GMT+1',
 'Etc/GMT+10',
 'Etc/GMT+11',
 'Etc/GMT+12',
 'Etc/GMT+2',
 'Etc/GMT+3',
 'Etc/GMT+4',
 'Etc/GMT+5',
 'Etc/GMT+6',
 'Etc/GMT+7',
 'Etc/GMT+8',
 'Etc/GMT+9',
 'Etc/GMT-0',
 'Etc/GMT-1',
 'Etc/GMT-10',
 'Etc/GMT-11',
 'Etc/GMT-12',
 'Etc/GMT-13',
 'Etc/GMT-14',
 'Etc/GMT-2',
 'Etc/GMT-3',
 'Etc/GMT-4',
 'Etc/GMT-5',
 'Etc/GMT-6',
 'Etc/GMT-7',
 'Etc/GMT-8',
 'Etc/GMT-9',
 'Etc/GMT0',
 'Etc/Greenwich',
 'Etc/UCT',
 'Etc/UTC',
 'Etc/Universal',
 'Etc/Zulu',
 'Europe/Amsterdam',
 'Europe/Andorra',
 'Europe/Athens',
 'Europe/Belfast',
 'Europe/Belgrade',
 'Europe/Berlin',
 'Europe/Bratislava',
 'Europe/Brussels',
 'Europe/Bucharest',
 'Europe/Budapest',
 'Europe/Busingen',
 'Europe/Chisinau',
 'Europe/Copenhagen',
 'Europe/Dublin',
 'Europe/Gibraltar',
 'Europe/Guernsey',
 'Europe/Helsinki',
 'Europe/Isle_of_Man',
 'Europe/Istanbul',
 'Europe/Jersey',
 'Europe/Kaliningrad',
 'Europe/Kiev',
 'Europe/Lisbon',
 'Europe/Ljubljana',
 'Europe/London',
 'Europe/Luxembourg',
 'Europe/Madrid',
 'Europe/Malta',
 'Europe/Mariehamn',
 'Europe/Minsk',
 'Europe/Monaco',
 'Europe/Moscow',
 'Europe/Nicosia',
 'Europe/Oslo',
 'Europe/Paris',
 'Europe/Podgorica',
 'Europe/Prague',
 'Europe/Riga',
 'Europe/Rome',
 'Europe/Samara',
 'Europe/San_Marino',
 'Europe/Sarajevo',
 'Europe/Simferopol',
 'Europe/Skopje',
 'Europe/Sofia',
 'Europe/Stockholm',
 'Europe/Tallinn',
 'Europe/Tirane',
 'Europe/Tiraspol',
 'Europe/Uzhgorod',
 'Europe/Vaduz',
 'Europe/Vatican',
 'Europe/Vienna',
 'Europe/Vilnius',
 'Europe/Volgograd',
 'Europe/Warsaw',
 'Europe/Zagreb',
 'Europe/Zaporozhye',
 'Europe/Zurich',
 'GB',
 'GB-Eire',
 'GMT',
 'GMT+0',
 'GMT-0',
 'GMT0',
 'Greenwich',
 'HST',
 'Hongkong',
 'Iceland',
 'Indian/Antananarivo',
 'Indian/Chagos',
 'Indian/Christmas',
 'Indian/Cocos',
 'Indian/Comoro',
 'Indian/Kerguelen',
 'Indian/Mahe',
 'Indian/Maldives',
 'Indian/Mauritius',
 'Indian/Mayotte',
 'Indian/Reunion',
 'Iran',
 'Israel',
 'Jamaica',
 'Japan',
 'Kwajalein',
 'Libya',
 'MET',
 'MST',
 'MST7MDT',
 'Mexico/BajaNorte',
 'Mexico/BajaSur',
 'Mexico/General',
 'NZ',
 'NZ-CHAT',
 'Navajo',
 'PRC',
 'PST8PDT',
 'Pacific/Apia',
 'Pacific/Auckland',
 'Pacific/Chatham',
 'Pacific/Chuuk',
 'Pacific/Easter',
 'Pacific/Efate',
 'Pacific/Enderbury',
 'Pacific/Fakaofo',
 'Pacific/Fiji',
 'Pacific/Funafuti',
 'Pacific/Galapagos',
 'Pacific/Gambier',
 'Pacific/Guadalcanal',
 'Pacific/Guam',
 'Pacific/Honolulu',
 'Pacific/Johnston',
 'Pacific/Kiritimati',
 'Pacific/Kosrae',
 'Pacific/Kwajalein',
 'Pacific/Majuro',
 'Pacific/Marquesas',
 'Pacific/Midway',
 'Pacific/Nauru',
 'Pacific/Niue',
 'Pacific/Norfolk',
 'Pacific/Noumea',
 'Pacific/Pago_Pago',
 'Pacific/Palau',
 'Pacific/Pitcairn',
 'Pacific/Pohnpei',
 'Pacific/Ponape',
 'Pacific/Port_Moresby',
 'Pacific/Rarotonga',
 'Pacific/Saipan',
 'Pacific/Samoa',
 'Pacific/Tahiti',
 'Pacific/Tarawa',
 'Pacific/Tongatapu',
 'Pacific/Truk',
 'Pacific/Wake',
 'Pacific/Wallis',
 'Pacific/Yap',
 'Poland',
 'Portugal',
 'ROC',
 'ROK',
 'Singapore',
 'Turkey',
 'UCT',
 'US/Alaska',
 'US/Aleutian',
 'US/Arizona',
 'US/Central',
 'US/East-Indiana',
 'US/Eastern',
 'US/Hawaii',
 'US/Indiana-Starke',
 'US/Michigan',
 'US/Mountain',
 'US/Pacific',
 'US/Pacific-New',
 'US/Samoa',
 'UTC',
 'Universal',
 'W-SU',
 'WET',
 'Zulu']
all_timezones = [
        tz for tz in all_timezones if resource_exists(tz)]
        
all_timezones_set = set(all_timezones)
common_timezones = \
['Africa/Abidjan',
 'Africa/Accra',
 'Africa/Addis_Ababa',
 'Africa/Algiers',
 'Africa/Asmara',
 'Africa/Bamako',
 'Africa/Bangui',
 'Africa/Banjul',
 'Africa/Bissau',
 'Africa/Blantyre',
 'Africa/Brazzaville',
 'Africa/Bujumbura',
 'Africa/Cairo',
 'Africa/Casablanca',
 'Africa/Ceuta',
 'Africa/Conakry',
 'Africa/Dakar',
 'Africa/Dar_es_Salaam',
 'Africa/Djibouti',
 'Africa/Douala',
 'Africa/El_Aaiun',
 'Africa/Freetown',
 'Africa/Gaborone',
 'Africa/Harare',
 'Africa/Johannesburg',
 'Africa/Juba',
 'Africa/Kampala',
 'Africa/Khartoum',
 'Africa/Kigali',
 'Africa/Kinshasa',
 'Africa/Lagos',
 'Africa/Libreville',
 'Africa/Lome',
 'Africa/Luanda',
 'Africa/Lubumbashi',
 'Africa/Lusaka',
 'Africa/Malabo',
 'Africa/Maputo',
 'Africa/Maseru',
 'Africa/Mbabane',
 'Africa/Mogadishu',
 'Africa/Monrovia',
 'Africa/Nairobi',
 'Africa/Ndjamena',
 'Africa/Niamey',
 'Africa/Nouakchott',
 'Africa/Ouagadougou',
 'Africa/Porto-Novo',
 'Africa/Sao_Tome',
 'Africa/Tripoli',
 'Africa/Tunis',
 'Africa/Windhoek',
 'America/Adak',
 'America/Anchorage',
 'America/Anguilla',
 'America/Antigua',
 'America/Araguaina',
 'America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires',
 'America/Argentina/Catamarca',
 'America/Argentina/Cordoba',
 'America/Argentina/Jujuy',
 'America/Argentina/La_Rioja',
 'America/Argentina/Mendoza',
 'America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos',
 'America/Argentina/Salta',
 'America/Argentina/San_Juan',
 'America/Argentina/San_Luis',
 'America/Argentina/Tucuman',
 'America/Argentina/Ushuaia',
 'America/Aruba',
 'America/Asuncion',
 'America/Atikokan',
 'America/Bahia',
 'America/Bahia_Banderas',
 'America/Barbados',
 'America/Belem',
 'America/Belize',
 'America/Blanc-Sablon',
 'America/Boa_Vista',
 'America/Bogota',
 'America/Boise',
 'America/Cambridge_Bay',
 'America/Campo_Grande',
 'America/Cancun',
 'America/Caracas',
 'America/Cayenne',
 'America/Cayman',
 'America/Chicago',
 'America/Chihuahua',
 'America/Costa_Rica',
 'America/Creston',
 'America/Cuiaba',
 'America/Curacao',
 'America/Danmarkshavn',
 'America/Dawson',
 'America/Dawson_Creek',
 'America/Denver',
 'America/Detroit',
 'America/Dominica',
 'America/Edmonton',
 'America/Eirunepe',
 'America/El_Salvador',
 'America/Fortaleza',
 'America/Glace_Bay',
 'America/Godthab',
 'America/Goose_Bay',
 'America/Grand_Turk',
 'America/Grenada',
 'America/Guadeloupe',
 'America/Guatemala',
 'America/Guayaquil',
 'America/Guyana',
 'America/Halifax',
 'America/Havana',
 'America/Hermosillo',
 'America/Indiana/Indianapolis',
 'America/Indiana/Knox',
 'America/Indiana/Marengo',
 'America/Indiana/Petersburg',
 'America/Indiana/Tell_City',
 'America/Indiana/Vevay',
 'America/Indiana/Vincennes',
 'America/Indiana/Winamac',
 'America/Inuvik',
 'America/Iqaluit',
 'America/Jamaica',
 'America/Juneau',
 'America/Kentucky/Louisville',
 'America/Kentucky/Monticello',
 'America/Kralendijk',
 'America/La_Paz',
 'America/Lima',
 'America/Los_Angeles',
 'America/Lower_Princes',
 'America/Maceio',
 'America/Managua',
 'America/Manaus',
 'America/Marigot',
 'America/Martinique',
 'America/Matamoros',
 'America/Mazatlan',
 'America/Menominee',
 'America/Merida',
 'America/Metlakatla',
 'America/Mexico_City',
 'America/Miquelon',
 'America/Moncton',
 'America/Monterrey',
 'America/Montevideo',
 'America/Montreal',
 'America/Montserrat',
 'America/Nassau',
 'America/New_York',
 'America/Nipigon',
 'America/Nome',
 'America/Noronha',
 'America/North_Dakota/Beulah',
 'America/North_Dakota/Center',
 'America/North_Dakota/New_Salem',
 'America/Ojinaga',
 'America/Panama',
 'America/Pangnirtung',
 'America/Paramaribo',
 'America/Phoenix',
 'America/Port-au-Prince',
 'America/Port_of_Spain',
 'America/Porto_Velho',
 'America/Puerto_Rico',
 'America/Rainy_River',
 'America/Rankin_Inlet',
 'America/Recife',
 'America/Regina',
 'America/Resolute',
 'America/Rio_Branco',
 'America/Santa_Isabel',
 'America/Santarem',
 'America/Santiago',
 'America/Santo_Domingo',
 'America/Sao_Paulo',
 'America/Scoresbysund',
 'America/Shiprock',
 'America/Sitka',
 'America/St_Barthelemy',
 'America/St_Johns',
 'America/St_Kitts',
 'America/St_Lucia',
 'America/St_Thomas',
 'America/St_Vincent',
 'America/Swift_Current',
 'America/Tegucigalpa',
 'America/Thule',
 'America/Thunder_Bay',
 'America/Tijuana',
 'America/Toronto',
 'America/Tortola',
 'America/Vancouver',
 'America/Whitehorse',
 'America/Winnipeg',
 'America/Yakutat',
 'America/Yellowknife',
 'Antarctica/Casey',
 'Antarctica/Davis',
 'Antarctica/DumontDUrville',
 'Antarctica/Macquarie',
 'Antarctica/Mawson',
 'Antarctica/McMurdo',
 'Antarctica/Palmer',
 'Antarctica/Rothera',
 'Antarctica/South_Pole',
 'Antarctica/Syowa',
 'Antarctica/Vostok',
 'Arctic/Longyearbyen',
 'Asia/Aden',
 'Asia/Almaty',
 'Asia/Amman',
 'Asia/Anadyr',
 'Asia/Aqtau',
 'Asia/Aqtobe',
 'Asia/Ashgabat',
 'Asia/Baghdad',
 'Asia/Bahrain',
 'Asia/Baku',
 'Asia/Bangkok',
 'Asia/Beirut',
 'Asia/Bishkek',
 'Asia/Brunei',
 'Asia/Choibalsan',
 'Asia/Chongqing',
 'Asia/Colombo',
 'Asia/Damascus',
 'Asia/Dhaka',
 'Asia/Dili',
 'Asia/Dubai',
 'Asia/Dushanbe',
 'Asia/Gaza',
 'Asia/Harbin',
 'Asia/Hebron',
 'Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh',
 'Asia/Hong_Kong',
 'Asia/Hovd',
 'Asia/Irkutsk',
 'Asia/Jakarta',
 'Asia/Jayapura',
 'Asia/Jerusalem',
 'Asia/Kabul',
 'Asia/Kamchatka',
 'Asia/Karachi',
 'Asia/Kashgar',
 'Asia/Kathmandu',
 'Asia/Khandyga',
 'Asia/Kolkata',
 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk',
 'Asia/Kuala_Lumpur',
 'Asia/Kuching',
 'Asia/Kuwait',
 'Asia/Macau',
 'Asia/Magadan',
 'Asia/Makassar',
 'Asia/Manila',
 'Asia/Muscat',
 'Asia/Nicosia',
 'Asia/Novokuznetsk',
 'Asia/Novosibirsk',
 'Asia/Omsk',
 'Asia/Oral',
 'Asia/Phnom_Penh',
 'Asia/Pontianak',
 'Asia/Pyongyang',
 'Asia/Qatar',
 'Asia/Qyzylorda',
 'Asia/Rangoon',
 'Asia/Riyadh',
 'Asia/Sakhalin',
 'Asia/Samarkand',
 'Asia/Seoul',
 'Asia/Shanghai',
 'Asia/Singapore',
 'Asia/Taipei',
 'Asia/Tashkent',
 'Asia/Tbilisi',
 'Asia/Tehran',
 'Asia/Thimphu',
 'Asia/Tokyo',
 'Asia/Ulaanbaatar',
 'Asia/Urumqi',
 'Asia/Ust-Nera',
 'Asia/Vientiane',
 'Asia/Vladivostok',
 'Asia/Yakutsk',
 'Asia/Yekaterinburg',
 'Asia/Yerevan',
 'Atlantic/Azores',
 'Atlantic/Bermuda',
 'Atlantic/Canary',
 'Atlantic/Cape_Verde',
 'Atlantic/Faroe',
 'Atlantic/Madeira',
 'Atlantic/Reykjavik',
 'Atlantic/South_Georgia',
 'Atlantic/St_Helena',
 'Atlantic/Stanley',
 'Australia/Adelaide',
 'Australia/Brisbane',
 'Australia/Broken_Hill',
 'Australia/Currie',
 'Australia/Darwin',
 'Australia/Eucla',
 'Australia/Hobart',
 'Australia/Lindeman',
 'Australia/Lord_Howe',
 'Australia/Melbourne',
 'Australia/Perth',
 'Australia/Sydney',
 'Canada/Atlantic',
 'Canada/Central',
 'Canada/Eastern',
 'Canada/Mountain',
 'Canada/Newfoundland',
 'Canada/Pacific',
 'Europe/Amsterdam',
 'Europe/Andorra',
 'Europe/Athens',
 'Europe/Belgrade',
 'Europe/Berlin',
 'Europe/Bratislava',
 'Europe/Brussels',
 'Europe/Bucharest',
 'Europe/Budapest',
 'Europe/Busingen',
 'Europe/Chisinau',
 'Europe/Copenhagen',
 'Europe/Dublin',
 'Europe/Gibraltar',
 'Europe/Guernsey',
 'Europe/Helsinki',
 'Europe/Isle_of_Man',
 'Europe/Istanbul',
 'Europe/Jersey',
 'Europe/Kaliningrad',
 'Europe/Kiev',
 'Europe/Lisbon',
 'Europe/Ljubljana',
 'Europe/London',
 'Europe/Luxembourg',
 'Europe/Madrid',
 'Europe/Malta',
 'Europe/Mariehamn',
 'Europe/Minsk',
 'Europe/Monaco',
 'Europe/Moscow',
 'Europe/Oslo',
 'Europe/Paris',
 'Europe/Podgorica',
 'Europe/Prague',
 'Europe/Riga',
 'Europe/Rome',
 'Europe/Samara',
 'Europe/San_Marino',
 'Europe/Sarajevo',
 'Europe/Simferopol',
 'Europe/Skopje',
 'Europe/Sofia',
 'Europe/Stockholm',
 'Europe/Tallinn',
 'Europe/Tirane',
 'Europe/Uzhgorod',
 'Europe/Vaduz',
 'Europe/Vatican',
 'Europe/Vienna',
 'Europe/Vilnius',
 'Europe/Volgograd',
 'Europe/Warsaw',
 'Europe/Zagreb',
 'Europe/Zaporozhye',
 'Europe/Zurich',
 'GMT',
 'Indian/Antananarivo',
 'Indian/Chagos',
 'Indian/Christmas',
 'Indian/Cocos',
 'Indian/Comoro',
 'Indian/Kerguelen',
 'Indian/Mahe',
 'Indian/Maldives',
 'Indian/Mauritius',
 'Indian/Mayotte',
 'Indian/Reunion',
 'Pacific/Apia',
 'Pacific/Auckland',
 'Pacific/Chatham',
 'Pacific/Chuuk',
 'Pacific/Easter',
 'Pacific/Efate',
 'Pacific/Enderbury',
 'Pacific/Fakaofo',
 'Pacific/Fiji',
 'Pacific/Funafuti',
 'Pacific/Galapagos',
 'Pacific/Gambier',
 'Pacific/Guadalcanal',
 'Pacific/Guam',
 'Pacific/Honolulu',
 'Pacific/Johnston',
 'Pacific/Kiritimati',
 'Pacific/Kosrae',
 'Pacific/Kwajalein',
 'Pacific/Majuro',
 'Pacific/Marquesas',
 'Pacific/Midway',
 'Pacific/Nauru',
 'Pacific/Niue',
 'Pacific/Norfolk',
 'Pacific/Noumea',
 'Pacific/Pago_Pago',
 'Pacific/Palau',
 'Pacific/Pitcairn',
 'Pacific/Pohnpei',
 'Pacific/Port_Moresby',
 'Pacific/Rarotonga',
 'Pacific/Saipan',
 'Pacific/Tahiti',
 'Pacific/Tarawa',
 'Pacific/Tongatapu',
 'Pacific/Wake',
 'Pacific/Wallis',
 'US/Alaska',
 'US/Arizona',
 'US/Central',
 'US/Eastern',
 'US/Hawaii',
 'US/Mountain',
 'US/Pacific',
 'UTC']
common_timezones = [
        tz for tz in common_timezones if tz in all_timezones]
        
common_timezones_set = set(common_timezones)