nih/watch.c

/* libnih
 *
 * watch.c - watching of files and directories with inotify
 *
 * Copyright © 2009 Scott James Remnant <scott@netsplit.com>.
 * Copyright © 2009 Canonical Ltd.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */


#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <nih/macros.h>
#include <nih/alloc.h>
#include <nih/string.h>
#include <nih/list.h>
#include <nih/hash.h>
#include <nih/io.h>
#include <nih/file.h>
#include <nih/watch.h>
#include <nih/logging.h>
#include <nih/error.h>


/**
 * INOTIFY_EVENTS:
 *
 * The standard set of inotify events we use for watching any path; if
 * people want a different set, they can use inotify_add_watch() directly.
 **/
#define INOTIFY_EVENTS (IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE | IN_CLOSE_WRITE \
			| IN_MOVE | IN_MOVE_SELF)


/* Prototypes for static functions */
static NihWatchHandle *nih_watch_handle_by_wd   (NihWatch *watch, int wd);
static NihWatchHandle *nih_watch_handle_by_path (NihWatch *watch,
						 const char *path);
static int             nih_watch_add_visitor    (NihWatch *watch,
						 const char *dirname,
					         const char *path,
						 struct stat *statbuf)
	__attribute__ ((warn_unused_result));
static void            nih_watch_reader      (NihWatch *watch, NihIo *io,
					      const char *buf, size_t len);
static void            nih_watch_handle      (NihWatch *watch,
					      NihWatchHandle *handle,
					      uint32_t events, uint32_t cookie,
					      const char *name,
					      int *caught_free);


/**
 * nih_watch_new:
 * @parent: parent object for new watch,
 * @path: full path to be watched,
 * @subdirs: include sub-directories of @path,
 * @create: call @create_handler for existing files,
 * @filter: function to filter paths watched,
 * @create_handler: function called when a path is created,
 * @modify_handler: function called when a path is modified,
 * @delete_handler: function called when a path is deleted,
 * @data: pointer to pass to functions.
 *
 * Watches @path for changes, which may be either a single file or a
 * directory.  If @path is a directory, then sub-directories can be included
 * by setting @subdirs to TRUE; both existing and newly created
 * sub-directories will be automatically watched.
 *
 * Additionally, the set of files and directories within @path can be
 * limited by passing a @filter function which will recieve the paths and
 * may return TRUE to indicate that the path received should not be watched.
 *
 * When a file is created within @path, or moved from outside this location
 * into it, @create_handler will be called.  If @path is removed, or a file
 * is removed within @path, or moved to a location outside it,
 * @delete_handler will be called.  Finally if @path is modified, or a file
 * within it is modified, @modify_handler will be called.
 *
 * If @create is TRUE, @create_handler will also be called for all of the
 * files that exist under @path when the watch is first added.  This only
 * occurs if the watch can be added.
 *
 * This is a very high level wrapped around the inotify API; lower levels
 * can be obtained using the inotify API itself and some of the helper
 * functions used by this one.
 *
 * The returned watch structure is allocated with nih_alloc(), and contains
 * open inotify descriptors and child structures including NihIo, which are
 * children of the returned structure; there is no non-allocated version
 * because of this.
 *
 * If @parent is not NULL, it should be a pointer to another object which
 * will be used as a parent for the returned watch.  When all parents
 * of the returned watch are freed, the returned watch will also be
 * freed.
 *
 * Returns: new NihWatch structure, or NULL on raised error.
 **/
NihWatch *
nih_watch_new (const void       *parent,
	       const char       *path,
	       int               subdirs,
	       int               create,
	       NihFileFilter     filter,
	       NihCreateHandler  create_handler,
	       NihModifyHandler  modify_handler,
	       NihDeleteHandler  delete_handler,
	       void             *data)
{
	NihWatch *watch;

	nih_assert (path != NULL);

	/* Allocate the NihWatch structure */
	watch = NIH_MUST (nih_new (parent, NihWatch));
	watch->path = NIH_MUST (nih_strdup (watch, path));
	watch->created = NIH_MUST (nih_hash_string_new (watch, 0));

	watch->subdirs = subdirs;
	watch->create = create;
	watch->filter = filter;

	watch->create_handler = create_handler;
	watch->modify_handler = modify_handler;
	watch->delete_handler = delete_handler;
	watch->data = data;

	watch->free = NULL;


	/* Open an inotify instance file descriptor */
	watch->fd = inotify_init ();
	if (watch->fd < 0) {
		nih_error_raise_system ();
		nih_free (watch);
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Add the path (and subdirs) to the list of watches */
	nih_list_init (&watch->watches);

	if (nih_watch_add (watch, path, subdirs) < 0) {
		close (watch->fd);
		nih_free (watch);
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Create an NihIo to handle incoming events. */
	watch->io = NIH_SHOULD (nih_io_reopen (watch, watch->fd, NIH_IO_STREAM,
					       (NihIoReader)nih_watch_reader,
					       NULL, NULL, watch));
	if (! watch->io) {
		close (watch->fd);
		nih_free (watch);
		return NULL;
	}

	nih_alloc_set_destructor (watch, nih_watch_destroy);

	return watch;
}


/**
 * nih_watch_handle_by_wd:
 * @watch: watch to search,
 * @wd: inotify watch descriptor.
 *
 * Searches @watch for the path that @wd is handling.
 *
 * Returns: NihWatchHandle for @wd, or NULL if none known.
 **/
static NihWatchHandle *
nih_watch_handle_by_wd (NihWatch *watch,
			int       wd)
{
	nih_assert (watch != NULL);
	nih_assert (wd >= 0);

	NIH_LIST_FOREACH (&watch->watches, iter) {
		NihWatchHandle *handle = (NihWatchHandle *)iter;

		if (handle->wd == wd)
			return handle;
	}

	return NULL;
}

/**
 * nih_watch_handle_by_path:
 * @watch: watch to search,
 * @path: path being watched.
 *
 * Searches @watch for the watch descriptor that is handling @path.
 *
 * Returns: NihWatchHandle for @path, or NULL if none known.
 **/
static NihWatchHandle *
nih_watch_handle_by_path (NihWatch   *watch,
			  const char *path)
{
	nih_assert (watch != NULL);
	nih_assert (path != NULL);

	NIH_LIST_FOREACH (&watch->watches, iter) {
		NihWatchHandle *handle = (NihWatchHandle *)iter;

		if (! strcmp (handle->path, path))
			return handle;
	}

	return NULL;
}


/**
 * nih_watch_add:
 * @watch: NihWatch to change,
 * @path: path to be watched,
 * @subdirs: also watch sub-directories?
 *
 * Adds a new @path to be watched to the existing @watch structure, the
 * same handlers will be called.  @path need not be related to the path
 * originally given to @watch.
 *
 * If @subdirs is TRUE, and @path is a directory, then sub-directories of
 * the path are also watched.
 *
 * An NihWatchHandle structure is allocated and stored in the watches
 * member of @watch, it is also a child of that structure; there is no
 * non-allocated version of this because of this.
 *
 * Returns: zero on success, negative value on raised error.
 **/
int
nih_watch_add (NihWatch   *watch,
	       const char *path,
	       int         subdirs)
{
	NihWatchHandle *handle;

	nih_assert (watch != NULL);
	nih_assert (path != NULL);

	/* Allocate the NihWatchHandle structure */
	handle = NIH_MUST (nih_new (watch, NihWatchHandle));
	handle->path = NIH_MUST (nih_strdup (handle, path));

	nih_list_init (&handle->entry);

	nih_alloc_set_destructor (handle, nih_list_destroy);

	/* Get a watch descriptor for the path */
	handle->wd = inotify_add_watch (watch->fd, path, INOTIFY_EVENTS);
	if (handle->wd < 0) {
		nih_error_raise_system ();
		nih_free (handle);
		return -1;
	}

	/* Check for duplicates in the list */
	if (nih_watch_handle_by_wd (watch, handle->wd)) {
		nih_free (handle);
		return 0;
	}

	nih_list_add (&watch->watches, &handle->entry);

	/* Recurse into sub-directories, attempting to add a watch for each
	 * one; errors within the walk are warned automatically, so if this
	 * fails, it means we literally couldn't watch the top-level.
	 */
	if (subdirs && (nih_dir_walk (path, watch->filter,
				      (NihFileVisitor)nih_watch_add_visitor,
				      NULL, watch) < 0)) {
		NihError *err;

		err = nih_error_get ();
		if (err->number != ENOTDIR) {
			nih_free (handle);
			return -1;
		} else
			nih_free (err);
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * nih_watch_add_visitor:
 * @watch: watch to add to,
 * @dirname: top-level being watched,
 * @path: path to add,
 * @statbuf: stat of @path.
 *
 * Callback function for nih_dir_walk(), used by nih_watch_add() to add
 * sub-directories.  Just calls nih_watch_add() with subdirs as FALSE for
 * each directory found.
 *
 * If the create member of @watch is TRUE, it also calls the create handle
 * for each path found.
 *
 * Returns: zero on success, negative value on raised error.
 **/
static int
nih_watch_add_visitor (NihWatch    *watch,
		       const char  *dirname,
		       const char  *path,
		       struct stat *statbuf)
{
	nih_assert (watch != NULL);
	nih_assert (dirname != NULL);
	nih_assert (path != NULL);
	nih_assert (statbuf != NULL);

	if (watch->create && watch->create_handler)
		watch->create_handler (watch->data, watch, path, statbuf);

	if (S_ISDIR (statbuf->st_mode)) {
		int ret;

		ret = nih_watch_add (watch, path, FALSE);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}


/**
 * nih_watch_destroy:
 * @watch: NihWatch to be destroyed.
 *
 * Closes the inotify descriptor and frees the NihIo instance handling it.
 *
 * Normally used or called from an nih_alloc() destructor.
 *
 * Returns: zero.
 **/
int
nih_watch_destroy (NihWatch *watch)
{
	nih_assert (watch != NULL);

	if (watch->free)
		*watch->free = TRUE;

	return 0;
}


/**
 * nih_watch_reader:
 * @watch: NihWatch for descriptor,
 * @io: NihIo with data to be read,
 * @buf: buffer data is available in,
 * @len: bytes in @buf.
 *
 * This function is called whenever there is data to be read on the inotify
 * file descriptor associated with @watch.  Each event in the buffer is read,
 * including the following name, and handled by calling one of the functions
 * in @watch.
 **/
static void
nih_watch_reader (NihWatch   *watch,
		  NihIo      *io,
		  const char *buf,
		  size_t      len)
{
	int caught_free;

	nih_assert (watch != NULL);
	nih_assert (io != NULL);
	nih_assert (buf != NULL);
	nih_assert (len > 0);

	caught_free = FALSE;
	if (! watch->free)
		watch->free = &caught_free;

	while (len > 0) {
		NihWatchHandle       *handle;
		struct inotify_event *event;
		size_t                sz;

		/* Wait until there's a complete event waiting
		 * (should always be true, but better to be safe than sorry)
		 */
		sz = sizeof (struct inotify_event);
		if (len < sz)
			goto finish;

		/* Never read an event without its name (again should always
		 * be true
		 */
		event = (struct inotify_event *) buf;
		sz += event->len;
		if (len < sz)
			goto finish;

		/* Find the handle for this watch */
		handle = nih_watch_handle_by_wd (watch, event->wd);
		if (handle)
			nih_watch_handle (watch, handle, event->mask,
					  event->cookie, event->name,
					  &caught_free);

		/* Check whether the user freed the watch from inside the
		 * handler.  Just drop out now; everything we had has gone.
		 */
		if (caught_free)
			return;

		/* Remove the event from the front of the buffer, and
		 * decrease our own length counter.
		 */
		nih_io_buffer_shrink (io->recv_buf, sz);
		len -= sz;
	}

finish:
	if (watch->free == &caught_free)
		watch->free = NULL;
}

/**
 * nih_watch_handle:
 * @watch: NihWatch for descriptor,
 * @handle: NihWatchHandle for individual path,
 * @events: inotify events mask,
 * @cookie: unique cookie for renames,
 * @name: name of path under @handle,
 * @caught_free: set to TRUE if the watch is freed.
 *
 * This handler is called when an event occurs for an individual watch
 * handle, it deals with the event and ensures that the @watch handlers
 * are called.
 **/
static void
nih_watch_handle (NihWatch       *watch,
		  NihWatchHandle *handle,
		  uint32_t        events,
		  uint32_t        cookie,
		  const char     *name,
		  int            *caught_free)
{
	NihListEntry   *entry;
	int             delayed = FALSE;
	struct stat     statbuf;
	nih_local char *path = NULL;

	nih_assert (watch != NULL);
	nih_assert (handle != NULL);

	/* First check whether this event is being caused by the actual
	 * path being watched by the handle being deleted or moved.  In
	 * either case, we drop the watch because we've lost the path.
	 */
	if ((events & IN_IGNORED) || (events & IN_MOVE_SELF)) {
		if (watch->delete_handler)
			watch->delete_handler (watch->data, watch,
					       handle->path);
		if (*caught_free)
			return;

		nih_debug ("Ceasing watch on %s", handle->path);
		nih_free (handle);
		return;
	}


	/* Every other event must come with a name. */
	if ((! name) || strchr (name, '/'))
		return;

	path = NIH_MUST (nih_sprintf (NULL, "%s/%s", handle->path, name));

	/* Check the filter */
	if (watch->filter && watch->filter (watch->data, path))
		return;

	/* Look to see whether we have a delayed create handler for this
	 * path - it's handled differently depending on the events and
	 * file type.
	 */
	entry = (NihListEntry *)nih_hash_lookup (watch->created, path);
	if (entry) {
		delayed = TRUE;
		nih_free (entry);
	}

	/* Handle it differently depending on the events mask */
	if ((events & IN_CREATE) || (events & IN_MOVED_TO)) {
		if (stat (path, &statbuf) < 0)
			return;

		/* Delay the create handler when files are first created. */
		if ((events & IN_CREATE) && (! S_ISDIR (statbuf.st_mode))) {
			entry = NIH_MUST (nih_list_entry_new (watch));
			nih_ref (path, entry);
			entry->str = path;

			nih_hash_add (watch->created, &entry->entry);
			return;
		}

		if (watch->create_handler)
			watch->create_handler (watch->data, watch,
					       path, &statbuf);
		if (*caught_free)
			return;

		/* See if it's a sub-directory, and we're handling those
		 * ourselves.  Add a watch to the directory and any
		 * sub-directories within it.
		 */
		if (watch->subdirs && S_ISDIR (statbuf.st_mode)) {
			if (nih_watch_add (watch, path, TRUE) < 0) {
				NihError *err;

				err = nih_error_get ();
				nih_warn ("%s: %s: %s", path,
					  _("Unable to watch directory"),
					  err->message);
				nih_free (err);
			}
		}

	} else if (events & IN_CLOSE_WRITE) {
		if (stat (path, &statbuf) < 0)
			return;

		/* Use the create handler when a newly created file is
		 * closed.
		 */
		if (delayed && watch->create_handler) {
			watch->create_handler (watch->data, watch,
					       path, &statbuf);
		} else if (watch->modify_handler)
			watch->modify_handler (watch->data, watch,
					       path, &statbuf);
		if (*caught_free)
			return;

	} else if ((events & IN_DELETE) || (events & IN_MOVED_FROM)) {
		NihWatchHandle *path_handle;

		/* Suppress the handler if the file was newly created. */
		if ((! delayed) && watch->delete_handler)
			watch->delete_handler (watch->data, watch, path);
		if (*caught_free)
			return;

		/* If there's a watch for that path, we act as if it got
		 * IN_IGNORED or IN_MOVE_SELF; just in case it's a symlink
		 * that's getting removed or something.
		 */
		path_handle = nih_watch_handle_by_path (watch, path);
		if (path_handle) {
			nih_debug ("Ceasing watch on %s", path_handle->path);
			nih_free (path_handle);
		}
	}
}