Add -O0,-O1,etc. options (#790)

And use them in wasm-opt and asm2wasm consistently and uniformly.
diff --git a/auto_update_tests.py b/auto_update_tests.py
index 1f3da68..a2d1658 100755
--- a/auto_update_tests.py
+++ b/auto_update_tests.py
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
           cmd += ['--imprecise']
           wasm += '.imprecise'
         if not opts:
-          cmd += ['--no-opts']
           wasm += '.no-opts'
+          if precise:
+            cmd += ['-O0'] # test that -O0 does nothing
+        else:
+          cmd += ['-O']
         if precise and opts:
           # test mem init importing
           open('a.mem', 'wb').write(asm)
diff --git a/check.py b/check.py
index 9dbedc3..528bc34 100755
--- a/check.py
+++ b/check.py
@@ -361,8 +361,11 @@
           cmd += ['--imprecise']
           wasm += '.imprecise'
         if not opts:
-          cmd += ['--no-opts']
           wasm += '.no-opts'
+          if precise:
+            cmd += ['-O0'] # test that -O0 does nothing
+        else:
+          cmd += ['-O']
         if precise and opts:
           # test mem init importing
           open('a.mem', 'wb').write(asm)
diff --git a/src/asm2wasm.h b/src/asm2wasm.h
index 5df5af2..b411dba 100644
--- a/src/asm2wasm.h
+++ b/src/asm2wasm.h
@@ -230,7 +230,8 @@
   bool memoryGrowth;
   bool debug;
   bool imprecise;
-  bool optimize;
+  PassOptions passOptions;
+  bool runOptimizationPasses;
   bool wasmOnly;
 
 public:
@@ -330,14 +331,15 @@
   }
 
 public:
- Asm2WasmBuilder(Module& wasm, bool memoryGrowth, bool debug, bool imprecise, bool optimize, bool wasmOnly)
+ Asm2WasmBuilder(Module& wasm, bool memoryGrowth, bool debug, bool imprecise, PassOptions passOptions, bool runOptimizationPasses, bool wasmOnly)
      : wasm(wasm),
        allocator(wasm.allocator),
        builder(wasm),
        memoryGrowth(memoryGrowth),
        debug(debug),
        imprecise(imprecise),
-       optimize(optimize),
+       passOptions(passOptions),
+       runOptimizationPasses(runOptimizationPasses),
        wasmOnly(wasmOnly) {}
 
  void processAsm(Ref ast);
@@ -647,13 +649,13 @@
 
   // set up optimization
 
-  if (optimize) {
+  if (runOptimizationPasses) {
     Index numFunctions = 0;
     for (unsigned i = 1; i < body->size(); i++) {
       if (body[i][0] == DEFUN) numFunctions++;
     }
     optimizingBuilder = make_unique<OptimizingIncrementalModuleBuilder>(&wasm, numFunctions, [&](PassRunner& passRunner) {
-      passRunner.options.setDefaultOptimizationOptions();
+      passRunner.options = passOptions;
       if (debug) {
         passRunner.setDebug(true);
         passRunner.setValidateGlobally(false);
@@ -807,7 +809,7 @@
     } else if (curr[0] == DEFUN) {
       // function
       auto* func = processFunction(curr);
-      if (optimize) {
+      if (runOptimizationPasses) {
         optimizingBuilder->addFunction(func);
       } else {
         wasm.addFunction(func);
@@ -846,7 +848,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (optimize) {
+  if (runOptimizationPasses) {
     optimizingBuilder->finish();
     PassRunner passRunner(&wasm);
     if (debug) {
@@ -971,7 +973,7 @@
     // we didn't legalize i64s in fastcomp, and so must legalize the interface to the outside
     passRunner.add("legalize-js-interface");
   }
-  if (optimize) {
+  if (runOptimizationPasses) {
     // autodrop can add some garbage
     passRunner.add("vacuum");
     passRunner.add("remove-unused-brs");
diff --git a/src/pass.h b/src/pass.h
index 334f46a..dc9159a 100644
--- a/src/pass.h
+++ b/src/pass.h
@@ -61,12 +61,6 @@
   int optimizeLevel = 0; // 0, 1, 2 correspond to -O0, -O1, -O2, etc.
   int shrinkLevel = 0;   // 0, 1, 2 correspond to -O0, -Os, -Oz
   bool ignoreImplicitTraps = false; // optimize assuming things like div by 0, bad load/store, will not trap
-
-  void setDefaultOptimizationOptions() {
-    optimizeLevel = 2;
-    shrinkLevel = 1;
-    ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
-  }
 };
 
 //
diff --git a/src/tools/asm2wasm.cpp b/src/tools/asm2wasm.cpp
index cd500b0..def3610 100644
--- a/src/tools/asm2wasm.cpp
+++ b/src/tools/asm2wasm.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 using namespace wasm;
 
 int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
-  bool opts = true;
+  PassOptions passOptions;
+  bool runOptimizationPasses = false;
   bool imprecise = false;
   bool wasmOnly = false;
 
@@ -54,9 +55,10 @@
            [](Options *o, const std::string &argument) {
              o->extra["total memory"] = argument;
            })
-      .add("--no-opts", "-n", "Disable optimization passes", Options::Arguments::Zero,
-           [&opts](Options *o, const std::string &) {
-             opts = false;
+      #include "optimization-options.h"
+      .add("--no-opts", "-n", "Disable optimization passes (deprecated)", Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [](Options *o, const std::string &) {
+             std::cerr << "--no-opts is deprecated (use -O0, etc.)\n";
            })
       .add("--imprecise", "-i", "Imprecise optimizations", Options::Arguments::Zero,
            [&imprecise](Options *o, const std::string &) {
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@
   if (options.debug) std::cerr << "wasming..." << std::endl;
   Module wasm;
   wasm.memory.initial = wasm.memory.max = totalMemory / Memory::kPageSize;
-  Asm2WasmBuilder asm2wasm(wasm, pre.memoryGrowth, options.debug, imprecise, opts, wasmOnly);
+  Asm2WasmBuilder asm2wasm(wasm, pre.memoryGrowth, options.debug, imprecise, passOptions, runOptimizationPasses, wasmOnly);
   asm2wasm.processAsm(asmjs);
 
   // import mem init file, if provided
diff --git a/src/tools/optimization-options.h b/src/tools/optimization-options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e57cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/optimization-options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 WebAssembly Community Group participants
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//
+// Shared optimization options for commandline tools
+//
+
+      .add("", "-O", "execute default optimization passes",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 2;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 1;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
+             runOptimizationPasses = true;
+           })
+      .add("", "-O0", "execute no optimization passes",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 0;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 0;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = false;
+           })
+      .add("", "-O1", "execute -O1 optimization passes",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 1;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 0;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
+             runOptimizationPasses = true;
+           })
+      .add("", "-O2", "execute -O2 optimization passes",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 2;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 0;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
+             runOptimizationPasses = true;
+           })
+      .add("", "-O3", "execute -O3 optimization passes",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 3;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 0;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
+             runOptimizationPasses = true;
+           })
+      .add("", "-Os", "execute default optimization passes, focusing on code size",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 2;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 1;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
+             runOptimizationPasses = true;
+           })
+      .add("", "-Oz", "execute default optimization passes, super-focusing on code size",
+           Options::Arguments::Zero,
+           [&runOptimizationPasses, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = 2;
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 2;
+             passOptions.ignoreImplicitTraps = true;
+             runOptimizationPasses = true;
+           })
+      .add("--optimize-level", "-ol", "How much to focus on optimizing code",
+           Options::Arguments::One,
+           [&passOptions](Options* o, const std::string& argument) {
+             passOptions.optimizeLevel = atoi(argument.c_str());
+           })
+      .add("--shrink-level", "-s", "How much to focus on shrinking code size",
+           Options::Arguments::One,
+           [&passOptions](Options* o, const std::string& argument) {
+             passOptions.shrinkLevel = atoi(argument.c_str());
+           })
+
diff --git a/src/tools/wasm-opt.cpp b/src/tools/wasm-opt.cpp
index aad8772..1da038b 100644
--- a/src/tools/wasm-opt.cpp
+++ b/src/tools/wasm-opt.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
   Name entry;
   std::vector<std::string> passes;
+  bool runOptimizationPasses = false;
   PassOptions passOptions;
 
   Options options("wasm-opt", "Optimize .wast files");
@@ -47,24 +48,7 @@
              o->extra["output"] = argument;
              Colors::disable();
            })
-      .add("", "-O", "execute default optimization passes",
-           Options::Arguments::Zero,
-           [&passes, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
-             passOptions.setDefaultOptimizationOptions();
-             passes.push_back("O");
-           })
-      .add("", "-Os", "execute default optimization passes, focusing on code size",
-           Options::Arguments::Zero,
-           [&passes, &passOptions](Options*, const std::string&) {
-             passOptions.setDefaultOptimizationOptions();
-             passOptions.shrinkLevel = 1;
-             passes.push_back("O");
-           })
-      .add("--shrink-level", "-s", "How much to focus on shrinking code size",
-           Options::Arguments::One,
-           [&passOptions](Options* o, const std::string& argument) {
-             passOptions.shrinkLevel = atoi(argument.c_str());
-           })
+      #include "optimization-options.h"
       .add_positional("INFILE", Options::Arguments::One,
                       [](Options* o, const std::string& argument) {
                         o->extra["infile"] = argument;
@@ -77,6 +61,12 @@
   }
   options.parse(argc, argv);
 
+  if (runOptimizationPasses) {
+    passes.resize(passes.size() + 1);
+    std::move_backward(passes.begin(), passes.begin() + passes.size() - 1, passes.end());
+    passes[0] = "O";
+  }
+
   auto input(read_file<std::string>(options.extra["infile"], Flags::Text, options.debug ? Flags::Debug : Flags::Release));
 
   Module wasm;