diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 84a5dcf..3042540 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -7,34 +7,34 @@
 
 jobs:
   ci-config:
-      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-      outputs:
-        enabled: ${{ steps.check-ref.outputs.enabled }}
-      steps:
-        - name: try to clone ci-config branch
-          continue-on-error: true
-          run: |
-            git -c protocol.version=2 clone \
-              --no-tags \
-              --single-branch \
-              -b ci-config \
-              --depth 1 \
-              --no-checkout \
-              --filter=blob:none \
-              https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
-              config-repo &&
-              cd config-repo &&
-              git checkout HEAD -- ci/config
-        - id: check-ref
-          name: check whether CI is enabled for ref
-          run: |
-            enabled=yes
-            if test -x config-repo/ci/config/allow-ref &&
-               ! config-repo/ci/config/allow-ref '${{ github.ref }}'
-            then
-              enabled=no
-            fi
-            echo "::set-output name=enabled::$enabled"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      enabled: ${{ steps.check-ref.outputs.enabled }}
+    steps:
+      - name: try to clone ci-config branch
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          git -c protocol.version=2 clone \
+            --no-tags \
+            --single-branch \
+            -b ci-config \
+            --depth 1 \
+            --no-checkout \
+            --filter=blob:none \
+            https://github.com/${{ github.repository }} \
+            config-repo &&
+            cd config-repo &&
+            git checkout HEAD -- ci/config
+      - id: check-ref
+        name: check whether CI is enabled for ref
+        run: |
+          enabled=yes
+          if test -x config-repo/ci/config/allow-ref &&
+             ! config-repo/ci/config/allow-ref '${{ github.ref }}'
+          then
+            enabled=no
+          fi
+          echo "::set-output name=enabled::$enabled"
 
   windows-build:
     needs: ci-config
@@ -145,13 +145,6 @@
         ## Unzip and remove the artifact
         unzip artifacts.zip
         rm artifacts.zip
-    - name: generate Visual Studio solution
-      shell: powershell
-      run: |
-        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
-          make NDEBUG=1 DEVELOPER=1 vcxproj
-        "@
-        if (!$?) { exit(1) }
     - name: download vcpkg artifacts
       shell: powershell
       run: |
@@ -163,6 +156,17 @@
         Remove-Item compat.zip
     - name: add msbuild to PATH
       uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.0.0
+    - name: copy dlls to root
+      shell: powershell
+      run: |
+        & compat\vcbuild\vcpkg_copy_dlls.bat release
+        if (!$?) { exit(1) }
+    - name: generate Visual Studio solution
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cmake `pwd`/contrib/buildsystems/ -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=`pwd`/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows \
+        -DIconv_LIBRARY=`pwd`/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib/libiconv.lib -DIconv_INCLUDE_DIR=`pwd`/compat/vcbuild/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include \
+        -DMSGFMT_EXE=`pwd`/git-sdk-64-minimal/mingw64/bin/msgfmt.exe -DPERL_TESTS=OFF -DPYTHON_TESTS=OFF -DCURL_NO_CURL_CMAKE=ON
     - name: MSBuild
       run: msbuild git.sln -property:Configuration=Release -property:Platform=x64 -maxCpuCount:4 -property:PlatformToolset=v142
     - name: bundle artifact tar
@@ -171,8 +175,6 @@
         MSVC: 1
         VCPKG_ROOT: ${{github.workspace}}\compat\vcbuild\vcpkg
       run: |
-        & compat\vcbuild\vcpkg_copy_dlls.bat release
-        if (!$?) { exit(1) }
         & git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc @"
           mkdir -p artifacts &&
           eval \"`$(make -n artifacts-tar INCLUDE_DLLS_IN_ARTIFACTS=YesPlease ARTIFACTS_DIRECTORY=artifacts 2>&1 | grep ^tar)\"
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@
     - name: extract build artifacts
       shell: bash
       run: tar xf artifacts.tar.gz
-    - name: test (parallel)
+    - name: test
       shell: powershell
       env:
         MSYSTEM: MINGW64
@@ -214,12 +216,19 @@
           # Let Git ignore the SDK and the test-cache
           printf '%s\n' /git-sdk-64-minimal/ /test-cache/ >>.git/info/exclude
 
-          cd t &&
-          PATH=\"`$PWD/helper:`$PATH\" &&
-          test-tool.exe run-command testsuite --jobs=10 -V -x --write-junit-xml \
-                  `$(test-tool.exe path-utils slice-tests \
-                          ${{matrix.nr}} 10 t[0-9]*.sh)
+          ci/run-test-slice.sh ${{matrix.nr}} 10
         "@
+    - name: ci/print-test-failures.sh
+      if: failure()
+      shell: powershell
+      run: |
+        & .\git-sdk-64-minimal\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc ci/print-test-failures.sh
+    - name: Upload failed tests' directories
+      if: failure() && env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS != ''
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+      with:
+        name: failed-tests-windows
+        path: ${{env.FAILED_TEST_ARTIFACTS}}
   regular:
     needs: ci-config
     if: needs.ci-config.outputs.enabled == 'yes'
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index ecd0b34..80d1908 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
 MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
 
+# man5 / man7 guides (note: new guides should also be added to command-list.txt)
 MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
 MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
 MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
@@ -294,6 +295,7 @@
 	cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt \
 	cmds-synchingrepositories.txt \
 	cmds-synchelpers.txt \
+	cmds-guide.txt \
 	cmds-purehelpers.txt \
 	cmds-foreignscminterface.txt
 
@@ -301,7 +303,7 @@
 
 cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(MAN1_TXT)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
-	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
+	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(cmds_txt) $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	date >$@
 
 mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt
index d85c9b5..4f85a08 100644
--- a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt
+++ b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt
@@ -319,14 +319,14 @@
 ...
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
-	if (git_config_get_string_const("user.name", &cfg_name) > 0)
+	if (git_config_get_string_tmp("user.name", &cfg_name) > 0)
 		printf(_("No name is found in config\n"));
 	else
 		printf(_("Your name: %s\n"), cfg_name);
 ----
 
 `git_config()` will grab the configuration from config files known to Git and
-apply standard precedence rules. `git_config_get_string_const()` will look up
+apply standard precedence rules. `git_config_get_string_tmp()` will look up
 a specific key ("user.name") and give you the value. There are a number of
 single-key lookup functions like this one; you can see them all (and more info
 about how to use `git_config()`) in `Documentation/technical/api-config.txt`.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..334e63a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+Git 2.29 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.28
+-------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * "git help log" has been enhanced by sharing more material from the
+   documentation for the underlying "git rev-list" command.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref --format=<>" learned %(contents:size).
+
+ * "git merge" learned to selectively omit " into <branch>" at the end
+   of the title of default merge message with merge.suppressDest
+   configuration.
+
+ * The component to respond to "git fetch" request is made more
+   configurable to selectively allow or reject object filtering
+   specification used for partial cloning.
+
+ * Stop when "sendmail.*" configuration variables are defined, which
+   could be a mistaken attempt to define "sendemail.*" variables.
+
+ * The existing backends for "git mergetool" based on variants of vim
+   have been refactored and then support for "nvim" has been added.
+
+ * "git bisect" learns the "--first-parent" option to find the first
+   breakage along the first-parent chain.
+
+ * "git log --first-parent -p" showed patches only for single-parent
+   commits on the first-parent chain; the "--first-parent" option has
+   been made to imply "-m".  Use "--no-diff-merges" to restore the
+   previous behaviour to omit patches for merge commits.
+
+ * The commit labels used to explain each side of conflicted hunks
+   placed by the sequencer machinery have been made more readable by
+   humans.
+
+ * The "--batch-size" option of "git multi-pack-index repack" command
+   is now used to specify that very small packfiles are collected into
+   one until the total size roughly exceeds it.
+
+ * The recent addition of SHA-256 support is marked as experimental in
+   the documentation.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned --no-write-fetch-head option to avoid writing
+   the FETCH_HEAD file.
+
+ * Command line completion (in contrib/) usually omits redundant,
+   deprecated and/or dangerous options from its output; it learned to
+   optionally include all of them.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The changed-path Bloom filter is improved using ideas from an
+   independent implementation.
+
+ * Updates to the changed-paths bloom filter.
+
+ * The test framework has been updated so that most tests will run
+   with predictable (artificial) timestamps.
+
+ * Preliminary clean-up of the refs API in preparation for adding a
+   new refs backend "reftable".
+
+ * Dev support to limit the use of test_must_fail to only git commands.
+
+ * While packing many objects in a repository with a promissor remote,
+   lazily fetching missing objects from the promissor remote one by
+   one may be inefficient---the code now attempts to fetch all the
+   missing objects in batch (obviously this won't work for a lazy
+   clone that lazily fetches tree objects as you cannot even enumerate
+   what blobs are missing until you learn which trees are missing).
+
+ * The pretend-object mechanism checks if the given object already
+   exists in the object store before deciding to keep the data
+   in-core, but the check would have triggered lazy fetching of such
+   an object from a promissor remote.
+
+ * The argv_array API is useful for not just managing argv but any
+   "vector" (NULL-terminated array) of strings, and has seen adoption
+   to a certain degree.  It has been renamed to "strvec" to reduce the
+   barrier to adoption.
+
+ * The final leg of SHA-256 transition plus doc updates.  Note that
+   there is no inter-operability between SHA-1 and SHA-256
+   repositories yet.
+
+ * CMake support to build with MSVC for Windows bypassing the Makefile.
+
+ * A new helper function has_object() has been introduced to make it
+   easier to mark object existence checks that do and don't want to
+   trigger lazy fetches, and a few such checks are converted using it.
+
+ * A no-op replacement function implemented as a C preprocessor macro
+   does not perform as good a job as one implemented as a "static
+   inline" function in catching errors in parameters; replace the
+   former with the latter in <git-compat-util.h> header.
+
+ * Test framework update.
+   (merge d572f52a64 es/test-cmp-typocatcher later to maint).
+
+ * Updates to "git merge" tests, in preparation for a new merge
+   strategy backend.
+
+ * midx and commit-graph files now use the byte defined in their file
+   format specification for identifying the hash function used for
+   object names.
+
+ * The FETCH_HEAD is now always read from the filesystem regardless of
+   the ref backend in use, as its format is much richer than the
+   normal refs, and written directly by "git fetch" as a plain file..
+
+
+Fixes since v2.28
+-----------------
+
+ * "git clone --separate-git-dir=$elsewhere" used to stomp on the
+   contents of the existing directory $elsewhere, which has been
+   taught to fail when $elsewhere is not an empty directory.
+   (merge dfaa209a79 bw/fail-cloning-into-non-empty later to maint).
+
+ * With the base fix to 2.27 regresion, any new extensions in a v0
+   repository would still be silently honored, which is not quite
+   right.  Instead, complain and die loudly.
+   (merge ec91ffca04 jk/reject-newer-extensions-in-v0 later to maint).
+
+ * Fetching from a lazily cloned repository resulted at the server
+   side in attempts to lazy fetch objects that the client side has,
+   many of which will not be available from the third-party anyway.
+   (merge 77aa0941ce jt/avoid-lazy-fetching-upon-have-check later to maint).
+
+ * Fix to an ancient bug caused by an over-eager attempt for
+   optimization.
+   (merge a98f7fb366 rs/add-index-entry-optim-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Pushing a ref whose name contains non-ASCII character with the
+   "--force-with-lease" option did not work over smart HTTP protocol,
+   which has been corrected.
+   (merge cd85b447bf bc/push-cas-cquoted-refname later to maint).
+
+ * "git mv src dst", when src is an unmerged path, errored out
+   correctly but with an incorrect error message to claim that src is
+   not tracked, which has been clarified.
+   (merge 9b906af657 ct/mv-unmerged-path-error later to maint).
+
+ * Fix to a regression introduced during 2.27 cycle.
+   (merge cada7308ad en/fill-directory-exponential later to maint).
+
+ * Command line completion (in contrib/) update.
+   (merge 688b87c81b mp/complete-show-color-moved later to maint).
+
+ * All "mergy" operations that internally use the merge-recursive
+   machinery should honor the merge.renormalize configuration, but
+   many of them didn't.
+
+ * Doc cleanup around "worktree".
+   (merge dc9c144be5 es/worktree-doc-cleanups later to maint).
+
+ * The "git blame --first-parent" option was not documented, but now
+   it is.
+   (merge 11bc12ae1e rp/blame-first-parent-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The logic to find the ref transaction hook script attempted to
+   cache the path to the found hook without realizing that it needed
+   to keep a copied value, as the API it used returned a transitory
+   buffer space.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge 09b2aa30c9 ps/ref-transaction-hook later to maint).
+
+ * Recent versions of "git diff-files" shows a diff between the index
+   and the working tree for "intent-to-add" paths as a "new file"
+   patch; "git apply --cached" should be able to take "git diff-files"
+   and should act as an equivalent to "git add" for the path, but the
+   command failed to do so for such a path.
+   (merge 4c025c667e rp/apply-cached-with-i-t-a later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff [<tree-ish>] $path" for a $path that is marked with i-t-a
+   bit was not showing the mode bits from the working tree.
+   (merge cb0dd22b82 rp/ita-diff-modefix later to maint).
+
+ * Ring buffer with size 4 used for bin-hex translation resulted in a
+   wrong object name in the sequencer's todo output, which has been
+   corrected.
+   (merge 5da69c0dac ak/sequencer-fix-find-uniq-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * When given more than one target line ranges, "git blame -La,b
+   -Lc,d" was over-eager to coalesce groups of original lines and
+   showed incorrect results, which has been corrected.
+   (merge c2ebaa27d6 jk/blame-coalesce-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The regexp to identify the function boundary for FORTRAN programs
+   has been updated.
+   (merge 75c3b6b2e8 pb/userdiff-fortran-update later to maint).
+
+ * A few end-user facing messages have been updated to be
+   hash-algorithm agnostic.
+   (merge 4279000d3e jc/object-names-are-not-sha-1 later to maint).
+
+ * "unlink" emulation on MinGW has been optimized.
+   (merge 680e0b4524 jh/mingw-unlink later to maint).
+
+ * The purpose of "git init --separate-git-dir" is to initialize a
+   new project with the repository separate from the working tree,
+   or, in the case of an existing project, to move the repository
+   (the .git/ directory) out of the working tree. It does not make
+   sense to use --separate-git-dir with a bare repository for which
+   there is no working tree, so disallow its use with bare
+   repositories.
+   (merge ccf236a23a es/init-no-separate-git-dir-in-bare later to maint).
+
+ * "ls-files -o" mishandled the top-level directory of another git
+   working tree that hangs in the current git working tree.
+   (merge ab282aa548 en/dir-nonbare-embedded later to maint).
+
+ * Fix some incorrect UNLEAK() annotations.
+   (merge 3e19816dc0 jk/unleak-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Use more buffered I/O where we used to call many small write(2)s.
+   (merge a698d67b08 rs/more-buffered-io later to maint).
+
+ * The patch-id computation did not ignore the "incomplete last line"
+   marker like whitespaces.
+   (merge 82a62015a7 rs/patch-id-with-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
+   (merge 84544f2ea3 sk/typofixes later to maint).
+   (merge b17f411ab5 ar/help-guides-doc later to maint).
+   (merge 98c6871fad rs/grep-simpler-parse-object-or-die-call later to maint).
+   (merge 861c4ce141 en/typofixes later to maint).
+   (merge 60e47f6773 sg/ci-git-path-fix-with-pyenv later to maint).
+   (merge e2bfa50ac3 jb/doc-packfile-name later to maint).
+   (merge 918d8ff780 es/worktree-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge dc156bc31f ma/t1450-quotefix later to maint).
+   (merge 56e743426b en/merge-recursive-comment-fixes later to maint).
+   (merge 7d23ff818f rs/bisect-oid-to-hex-fix later to maint).
+   (merge de20baf2c9 ny/notes-doc-sample-update later to maint).
+   (merge f649aaaf82 so/rev-parser-errormessage-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 6103d58b7f bc/sha-256-cvs-svn-updates later to maint).
+   (merge ac900fddb7 ma/stop-progress-null-fix later to maint).
+   (merge e767963ab6 rs/upload-pack-sigchain-fix later to maint).
+   (merge a831908599 rs/preserve-merges-unused-code-removal later to maint).
+   (merge 6dfefe70a9 jb/commit-graph-doc-fix later to maint).
+   (merge 847b37271e pb/set-url-docfix later to maint).
+   (merge 748f733d54 mt/checkout-entry-dead-code-removal later to maint).
+   (merge ce820cbd58 dl/subtree-docs later to maint).
+   (merge 55fe225dde jk/leakfix later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
index 5d122db..88750af 100644
--- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@
 	START.  `git blame --reverse START` is taken as `git blame
 	--reverse START..HEAD` for convenience.
 
+--first-parent::
+	Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge
+	commit. This option can be used to determine when a line
+	was introduced to a particular integration branch, rather
+	than when it was introduced to the history overall.
+
 -p::
 --porcelain::
 	Show in a format designed for machine consumption.
diff --git a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
index 5aa73cf..af5da45 100755
--- a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl
@@ -6,9 +6,14 @@
 	my ($out, $nameattr) = @_;
 	my ($name, $attr) = @$nameattr;
 	my ($state, $description);
+	my $mansection;
 	$state = 0;
 	open I, '<', "$name.txt" or die "No such file $name.txt";
 	while (<I>) {
+		if (/^git[a-z0-9-]*\(([0-9])\)$/) {
+			$mansection = $1;
+			next;
+		}
 		if (/^NAME$/) {
 			$state = 1;
 			next;
@@ -27,7 +32,7 @@
 		die "No description found in $name.txt";
 	}
 	if (my ($verify_name, $text) = ($description =~ /^($name) - (.*)/)) {
-		print $out "linkgit:$name\[1\]::\n\t";
+		print $out "linkgit:$name\[$mansection\]::\n\t";
 		if ($attr =~ / deprecated /) {
 			print $out "(deprecated) ";
 		}
@@ -38,12 +43,15 @@
 	}
 }
 
-while (<>) {
+my ($input, @categories) = @ARGV;
+
+open IN, "<$input";
+while (<IN>) {
 	last if /^### command list/;
 }
 
 my %cmds = ();
-for (sort <>) {
+for (sort <IN>) {
 	next if /^#/;
 
 	chomp;
@@ -51,17 +59,10 @@
 	$attr = '' unless defined $attr;
 	push @{$cmds{$cat}}, [$name, " $attr "];
 }
+close IN;
 
-for my $cat (qw(ancillaryinterrogators
-		ancillarymanipulators
-		mainporcelain
-		plumbinginterrogators
-		plumbingmanipulators
-		synchingrepositories
-		foreignscminterface
-		purehelpers
-		synchelpers)) {
-	my $out = "cmds-$cat.txt";
+for my $out (@categories) {
+	my ($cat) = $out =~ /^cmds-(.*)\.txt$/;
 	open O, '>', "$out+" or die "Cannot open output file $out+";
 	for (@{$cmds{$cat}}) {
 		format_one(\*O, $_);
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index ef0768b..3042d80 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -348,6 +348,8 @@
 
 include::config/difftool.txt[]
 
+include::config/extensions.txt[]
+
 include::config/fastimport.txt[]
 
 include::config/feature.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/extensions.txt b/Documentation/config/extensions.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e23d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/extensions.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+extensions.objectFormat::
+	Specify the hash algorithm to use.  The acceptable values are `sha1` and
+	`sha256`.  If not specified, `sha1` is assumed.  It is an error to specify
+	this key unless `core.repositoryFormatVersion` is 1.
++
+Note that this setting should only be set by linkgit:git-init[1] or
+linkgit:git-clone[1].  Trying to change it after initialization will not
+work and will produce hard-to-diagnose issues.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/config/fmt-merge-msg.txt
index c73cfa9..a8e8f74 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -8,3 +8,15 @@
 	most the specified number of one-line descriptions from the
 	actual commits that are being merged.  Defaults to false, and
 	true is a synonym for 20.
+
+merge.suppressDest::
+	By adding a glob that matches the names of integration
+	branches to this multi-valued configuration variable, the
+	default merge message computed for merges into these
+	integration branches will omit " into <branch name>" from
+	its title.
++
+An element with an empty value can be used to clear the list
+of globs accumulated from previous configuration entries.
+When there is no `merge.suppressDest` variable defined, the
+default value of `master` is used for backward compatibility.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt b/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt
index 0006faf..cbc5af4 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt
@@ -61,3 +61,8 @@
 sendemail.smtpReloginDelay::
 	Seconds wait before reconnecting to smtp server.
 	See also the `--relogin-delay` option of linkgit:git-send-email[1].
+
+sendemail.forbidSendmailVariables::
+	To avoid common misconfiguration mistakes, linkgit:git-send-email[1]
+	will abort with a warning if any configuration options for "sendmail"
+	exist. Set this variable to bypass the check.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt b/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
index ed1c835..ee7b3ac 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
@@ -57,6 +57,24 @@
 	If this option is set, `upload-pack` will support partial
 	clone and partial fetch object filtering.
 
+uploadpackfilter.allow::
+	Provides a default value for unspecified object filters (see: the
+	below configuration variable).
+	Defaults to `true`.
+
+uploadpackfilter.<filter>.allow::
+	Explicitly allow or ban the object filter corresponding to
+	`<filter>`, where `<filter>` may be one of: `blob:none`,
+	`blob:limit`, `tree`, `sparse:oid`, or `combine`. If using
+	combined filters, both `combine` and all of the nested filter
+	kinds must be allowed. Defaults to `uploadpackfilter.allow`.
+
+uploadpackfilter.tree.maxDepth::
+	Only allow `--filter=tree=<n>` when `n` is no more than the value of
+	`uploadpackfilter.tree.maxDepth`. If set, this also implies
+	`uploadpackfilter.tree.allow=true`, unless this configuration
+	variable had already been set. Has no effect if unset.
+
 uploadpack.allowRefInWant::
 	If this option is set, `upload-pack` will support the `ref-in-want`
 	feature of the protocol version 2 `fetch` command.  This feature
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 7987d72..573fb9b 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@
 	Synonym for `-p --raw`.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
+ifdef::git-log[]
+-t::
+	Show the tree objects in the diff output.
+endif::git-log[]
+
 --indent-heuristic::
 	Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches
 	easier to read. This is the default.
@@ -441,10 +446,11 @@
 --abbrev[=<n>]::
 	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
 	name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
-	lines, show only a partial prefix.  This is
-	independent of the `--full-index` option above, which controls
-	the diff-patch output format.  Non default number of
-	digits can be specified with `--abbrev=<n>`.
+	lines, show only a partial prefix.
+	In diff-patch output format, `--full-index` takes higher
+	precedence, i.e. if `--full-index` is specified, full blob
+	names will be shown regardless of `--abbrev`.
+	Non default number of digits can be specified with `--abbrev=<n>`.
 
 -B[<n>][/<m>]::
 --break-rewrites[=[<n>][/<m>]]::
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 6e2a160..e8104c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -64,6 +64,15 @@
 --dry-run::
 	Show what would be done, without making any changes.
 
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+--[no-]write-fetch-head::
+	Write the list of remote refs fetched in the `FETCH_HEAD`
+	file directly under `$GIT_DIR`.  This is the default.
+	Passing `--no-write-fetch-head` from the command line tells
+	Git not to write the file.  Under `--dry-run` option, the
+	file is never written.
+endif::git-pull[]
+
 -f::
 --force::
 	When 'git fetch' is used with `<src>:<dst>` refspec it may
@@ -186,7 +195,7 @@
 endif::git-pull[]
 
 --set-upstream::
-	If the remote is fetched successfully, pull and add upstream
+	If the remote is fetched successfully, add upstream
 	(tracking) reference, used by argument-less
 	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
 	see `branch.<name>.merge` and `branch.<name>.remote` in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index d34b096..53804ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git bundle' create [-q | --quiet | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied] <file> <git-rev-list-args>
+'git bundle' create [-q | --quiet | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
+		    [--version=<version>] <file> <git-rev-list-args>
 'git bundle' verify [-q | --quiet] <file>
 'git bundle' list-heads <file> [<refname>...]
 'git bundle' unbundle <file> [<refname>...]
@@ -102,6 +103,12 @@
 	is activated.  Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
 	force any progress display by itself.
 
+--version=<version>::
+	Specify the bundle version.  Version 2 is the older format and can only be
+	used with SHA-1 repositories; the newer version 3 contains capabilities that
+	permit extensions. The default is the oldest supported format, based on the
+	hash algorithm in use.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	This flag makes the command not to report its progress
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
index 8ca1764..17405c7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@
 With the `--changed-paths` option, compute and write information about the
 paths changed between a commit and its first parent. This operation can
 take a while on large repositories. It provides significant performance gains
-for getting history of a directory or a file with `git log -- <path>`.
+for getting history of a directory or a file with `git log -- <path>`. If
+this option is given, future commit-graph writes will automatically assume
+that this option was intended. Use `--no-changed-paths` to stop storing this
+data.
 +
 With the `--split[=<strategy>]` option, write the commit-graph as a
 chain of multiple commit-graph files stored in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index 6dcd39f..2ea71c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -232,12 +232,27 @@
 `committer`, and `tagger`) can be suffixed with `name`, `email`,
 and `date` to extract the named component.
 
-The complete message in a commit and tag object is `contents`.
-Its first line is `contents:subject`, where subject is the concatenation
-of all lines of the commit message up to the first blank line.  The next
-line is `contents:body`, where body is all of the lines after the first
-blank line.  The optional GPG signature is `contents:signature`.  The
-first `N` lines of the message is obtained using `contents:lines=N`.
+The message in a commit or a tag object is `contents`, from which
+`contents:<part>` can be used to extract various parts out of:
+
+contents:size::
+	The size in bytes of the commit or tag message.
+
+contents:subject::
+	The first paragraph of the message, which typically is a
+	single line, is taken as the "subject" of the commit or the
+	tag message.
+
+contents:body::
+	The remainder of the commit or the tag message that follows
+	the "subject".
+
+contents:signature::
+	The optional GPG signature of the tag.
+
+contents:lines=N::
+	The first `N` lines of the message.
+
 Additionally, the trailers as interpreted by linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]
 are obtained as `trailers` (or by using the historical alias
 `contents:trailers`).  Non-trailer lines from the trailer block can be omitted
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
index f71db0d..44fe886 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git help' [-a|--all [--[no-]verbose]] [-g|--guide]
+'git help' [-a|--all [--[no-]verbose]] [-g|--guides]
 	   [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 If the option `--all` or `-a` is given, all available commands are
 printed on the standard output.
 
-If the option `--guide` or `-g` is given, a list of the useful
-Git guides is also printed on the standard output.
+If the option `--guides` or `-g` is given, a list of the
+Git concept guides is also printed on the standard output.
 
 If a command, or a guide, is given, a manual page for that command or
 guide is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 
 -g::
 --guides::
-	Prints a list of useful guides on the standard output. This
+	Prints a list of the Git concept guides on the standard output. This
 	option overrides any given command or guide name.
 
 -i::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
index 9316d9a..af0c262 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -100,12 +100,14 @@
 	value is set or outside a repository.
 +
 This option cannot be used with --stdin.
++
+include::object-format-disclaimer.txt[]
 
 NOTES
 -----
 
-Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
-and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+Once the index has been created, the hash that goes into the name of
+the pack/idx file is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
 also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
 new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
 .keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index ddfe265..f35f70f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
 
 Specify the given object format (hash algorithm) for the repository.  The valid
 values are 'sha1' and (if enabled) 'sha256'.  'sha1' is the default.
++
+include::object-format-disclaimer.txt[]
 
 --template=<template_directory>::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 20e6d21..2b8ac5f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,12 @@
 -----------
 Shows the commit logs.
 
-The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
+:git-log: 1
+include::rev-list-description.txt[]
+
+The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
-the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
+the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
 each commit introduces are shown.
 
 
@@ -111,8 +114,51 @@
 
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
-COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
--------------------
+DIFF FORMATTING
+---------------
+
+By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
+below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
+
+Note that unless one of `-c`, `--cc`, or `-m` is given, merge commits
+will never show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
+selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception is
+when `--first-parent` is in use, in which merges are treated like normal
+single-parent commits (this can be overridden by providing a
+combined-diff option or with `--no-diff-merges`).
+
+-c::
+	With this option, diff output for a merge commit
+	shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
+	simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
+	and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
+	which were modified from all parents.
+
+--cc::
+	This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
+	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
+	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
+	one of them without modification.
+
+--combined-all-paths::
+	This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to
+	list the name of the file from all parents.  It thus only has
+	effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only
+	useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either
+	rename or copy detection have been requested).
+
+-m::
+	This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
+	regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
+	and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
+	the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
+	in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
+	brought _into_ the then-current branch.
+
+--diff-merges=off::
+--no-diff-merges::
+	Disable output of diffs for merge commits (default). Useful to
+	override `-m`, `-c`, or `--cc`.
 
 :git-log: 1
 include::diff-options.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt b/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt
index 0c66194..eb0caa0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-multi-pack-index.txt
@@ -51,11 +51,12 @@
 	multi-pack-index, then divide by the total number of objects in
 	the pack and multiply by the pack size. We select packs with
 	expected size below the batch size until the set of packs have
-	total expected size at least the batch size. If the total size
-	does not reach the batch size, then do nothing. If a new pack-
-	file is created, rewrite the multi-pack-index to reference the
-	new pack-file. A later run of 'git multi-pack-index expire' will
-	delete the pack-files that were part of this batch.
+	total expected size at least the batch size, or all pack-files
+	are considered. If only one pack-file is selected, then do
+	nothing. If a new pack-file is created, rewrite the
+	multi-pack-index to reference the new pack-file. A later run of
+	'git multi-pack-index expire' will delete the pack-files that
+	were part of this batch.
 +
 If `repack.packKeptObjects` is `false`, then any pack-files with an
 associated `.keep` file will not be selected for the batch to repack.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index ced2e82..0a42006 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
 contains "files" whose paths are the object names for the objects
 they describe, with some directory separators included for performance
 reasons footnote:[Permitted pathnames have the form
-'ab'`/`'cd'`/`'ef'`/`'...'`/`'abcdef...': a sequence of directory
+'bf'`/`'fe'`/`'30'`/`'...'`/`'680d5a...': a sequence of directory
 names of two hexadecimal digits each followed by a filename with the
 rest of the object ID.].
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index eaa2f2a..54d715e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -270,15 +270,18 @@
 	This option specifies how missing objects are handled.
 +
 The form '--missing=error' requests that pack-objects stop with an error if
-a missing object is encountered.  This is the default action.
+a missing object is encountered.  If the repository is a partial clone, an
+attempt to fetch missing objects will be made before declaring them missing.
+This is the default action.
 +
 The form '--missing=allow-any' will allow object traversal to continue
-if a missing object is encountered.  Missing objects will silently be
-omitted from the results.
+if a missing object is encountered.  No fetch of a missing object will occur.
+Missing objects will silently be omitted from the results.
 +
 The form '--missing=allow-promisor' is like 'allow-any', but will only
 allow object traversal to continue for EXPECTED promisor missing objects.
-Unexpected missing object will raise an error.
+No fetch of a missing object will occur.  An unexpected missing object will
+raise an error.
 
 --exclude-promisor-objects::
 	Omit objects that are known to be in the promisor remote.  (This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 025c911..5da6623 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -14,44 +14,8 @@
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-List commits that are reachable by following the `parent` links from the
-given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
-given with a '{caret}' in front of them.  The output is given in reverse
-chronological order by default.
-
-You can think of this as a set operation.  Commits given on the command
-line form a set of commits that are reachable from any of them, and then
-commits reachable from any of the ones given with '{caret}' in front are
-subtracted from that set.  The remaining commits are what comes out in the
-command's output.  Various other options and paths parameters can be used
-to further limit the result.
-
-Thus, the following command:
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	$ git rev-list foo bar ^baz
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-means "list all the commits which are reachable from 'foo' or 'bar', but
-not from 'baz'".
-
-A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
-short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
-the following may be used interchangeably:
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	$ git rev-list origin..HEAD
-	$ git rev-list HEAD ^origin
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
-for merges.  The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
-between the two operands.  The following two commands are equivalent:
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	$ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
-	$ git rev-list A...B
------------------------------------------------------------------------
+:git-rev-list: 1
+include::rev-list-description.txt[]
 
 'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it
 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
index 39b1d8e..e49318a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
 	valid values are 'sha1' and (if enabled) 'sha256'.  The default is the
 	algorithm for the current repository (set by `extensions.objectFormat`), or
 	'sha1' if no value is set or outside a repository..
++
+include::object-format-disclaimer.txt[]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
index 3e737c2..d401234 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -148,12 +148,13 @@
 
 LOGGING UPDATES
 ---------------
-If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true and the ref is one under
-"refs/heads/", "refs/remotes/", "refs/notes/", or the symbolic ref HEAD; or
-the file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" exists then `git update-ref` will append
-a line to the log file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" (dereferencing all
-symbolic refs before creating the log name) describing the change
-in ref value.  Log lines are formatted as:
+If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true and the ref is one
+under "refs/heads/", "refs/remotes/", "refs/notes/", or a pseudoref
+like HEAD or ORIG_HEAD; or the file "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" exists then
+`git update-ref` will append a line to the log file
+"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>" (dereferencing all symbolic refs before creating
+the log name) describing the change in ref value.  Log lines are
+formatted as:
 
     oldsha1 SP newsha1 SP committer LF
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
index 4796c3c..6ee6ec7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@
 A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check
 out more than one branch at a time.  With `git worktree add` a new working
 tree is associated with the repository.  This new working tree is called a
-"linked working tree" as opposed to the "main working tree" prepared by "git
-init" or "git clone".  A repository has one main working tree (if it's not a
+"linked working tree" as opposed to the "main working tree" prepared by
+linkgit:git-init[1] or linkgit:git-clone[1].
+A repository has one main working tree (if it's not a
 bare repository) and zero or more linked working trees. When you are done
 with a linked working tree, remove it with `git worktree remove`.
 
@@ -48,10 +49,10 @@
 
 Create `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new working directory
 is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except working
-directory specific files such as HEAD, index, etc. `-` may also be
-specified as `<commit-ish>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
+directory specific files such as `HEAD`, `index`, etc. As a convenience,
+`<commit-ish>` may be a bare "`-`", which is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
 +
-If <commit-ish> is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found,
+If `<commit-ish>` is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found,
 and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does
 exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`)
 with a matching name, treat as equivalent to:
@@ -66,24 +67,24 @@
 unique across all remotes. Set it to
 e.g. `checkout.defaultRemote=origin` to always checkout remote
 branches from there if `<branch>` is ambiguous but exists on the
-'origin' remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in
+`origin` remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in
 linkgit:git-config[1].
 +
 If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used,
-then, as a convenience, the new worktree is associated with a branch
+then, as a convenience, the new working tree is associated with a branch
 (call it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`.  If `<branch>`
-doesn't exist, a new branch based on HEAD is automatically created as
+doesn't exist, a new branch based on `HEAD` is automatically created as
 if `-b <branch>` was given.  If `<branch>` does exist, it will be
-checked out in the new worktree, if it's not checked out anywhere
-else, otherwise the command will refuse to create the worktree (unless
+checked out in the new working tree, if it's not checked out anywhere
+else, otherwise the command will refuse to create the working tree (unless
 `--force` is used).
 
 list::
 
-List details of each worktree.  The main worktree is listed first, followed by
-each of the linked worktrees.  The output details include if the worktree is
-bare, the revision currently checked out, and the branch currently checked out
-(or 'detached HEAD' if none).
+List details of each working tree.  The main working tree is listed first,
+followed by each of the linked working trees.  The output details include
+whether the working tree is bare, the revision currently checked out, and the
+branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none).
 
 lock::
 
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@
 
 prune::
 
-Prune working tree information in $GIT_DIR/worktrees.
+Prune working tree information in `$GIT_DIR/worktrees`.
 
 remove::
 
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@
 `move` refuses to move a locked working tree unless `--force` is specified
 twice. If the destination is already assigned to some other working tree but is
 missing (for instance, if `<new-path>` was deleted manually), then `--force`
-allows the move to proceed; use --force twice if the destination is locked.
+allows the move to proceed; use `--force` twice if the destination is locked.
 +
 `remove` refuses to remove an unclean working tree unless `--force` is used.
 To remove a locked working tree, specify `--force` twice.
@@ -137,13 +138,13 @@
 -B <new-branch>::
 	With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at
 	`<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree.
-	If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.
+	If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to `HEAD`.
 	By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already
 	exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to
 	`<commit-ish>`.
 
 --detach::
-	With `add`, detach HEAD in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD"
+	With `add`, detach `HEAD` in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD"
 	in linkgit:git-checkout[1].
 
 --[no-]checkout::
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@
 
 --[no-]guess-remote::
 	With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead
-	of creating a new branch from HEAD, if there exists a tracking
+	of creating a new branch from `HEAD`, if there exists a tracking
 	branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`,
 	base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark
 	the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch.
@@ -166,12 +167,12 @@
 	When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch,
 	mark it as "upstream" from the new branch.  This is the
 	default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch.  See
-	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
+	`--track` in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 
 --lock::
 	Keep the working tree locked after creation. This is the
 	equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`,
-	but without race condition.
+	but without a race condition.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -185,14 +186,14 @@
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
-	With 'add', suppress feedback messages.
+	With `add`, suppress feedback messages.
 
 -v::
 --verbose::
 	With `prune`, report all removals.
 
 --expire <time>::
-	With `prune`, only expire unused working trees older than <time>.
+	With `prune`, only expire unused working trees older than `<time>`.
 
 --reason <string>::
 	With `lock`, an explanation why the working tree is locked.
@@ -202,48 +203,48 @@
 	absolute.
 +
 If the last path components in the working tree's path is unique among
-working trees, it can be used to identify worktrees. For example if
-you only have two working trees, at "/abc/def/ghi" and "/abc/def/ggg",
-then "ghi" or "def/ghi" is enough to point to the former working tree.
+working trees, it can be used to identify a working tree. For example if
+you only have two working trees, at `/abc/def/ghi` and `/abc/def/ggg`,
+then `ghi` or `def/ghi` is enough to point to the former working tree.
 
 REFS
 ----
 In multiple working trees, some refs may be shared between all working
-trees, some refs are local. One example is HEAD is different for all
-working trees. This section is about the sharing rules and how to access
+trees and some refs are local. One example is `HEAD` which is different for each
+working tree. This section is about the sharing rules and how to access
 refs of one working tree from another.
 
 In general, all pseudo refs are per working tree and all refs starting
-with "refs/" are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like HEAD which are
-directly under GIT_DIR instead of inside GIT_DIR/refs. There is one
-exception to this: refs inside refs/bisect and refs/worktree is not
+with `refs/` are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like `HEAD` which are
+directly under `$GIT_DIR` instead of inside `$GIT_DIR/refs`. There are
+exceptions, however: refs inside `refs/bisect` and `refs/worktree` are not
 shared.
 
 Refs that are per working tree can still be accessed from another
-working tree via two special paths, main-worktree and worktrees. The
-former gives access to per-worktree refs of the main working tree,
+working tree via two special paths, `main-worktree` and `worktrees`. The
+former gives access to per-working tree refs of the main working tree,
 while the latter to all linked working trees.
 
-For example, main-worktree/HEAD or main-worktree/refs/bisect/good
-resolve to the same value as the main working tree's HEAD and
-refs/bisect/good respectively. Similarly, worktrees/foo/HEAD or
-worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad are the same as
-GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD and
-GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad.
+For example, `main-worktree/HEAD` or `main-worktree/refs/bisect/good`
+resolve to the same value as the main working tree's `HEAD` and
+`refs/bisect/good` respectively. Similarly, `worktrees/foo/HEAD` or
+`worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad` are the same as
+`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD` and
+`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad`.
 
-To access refs, it's best not to look inside GIT_DIR directly. Instead
+To access refs, it's best not to look inside `$GIT_DIR` directly. Instead
 use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
 which will handle refs correctly.
 
 CONFIGURATION FILE
 ------------------
-By default, the repository "config" file is shared across all working
+By default, the repository `config` file is shared across all working
 trees. If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are
 already present in the config file, they will be applied to the main
 working trees only.
 
 In order to have configuration specific to working trees, you can turn
-on "worktreeConfig" extension, e.g.:
+on the `worktreeConfig` extension, e.g.:
 
 ------------
 $ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@
 versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension.
 
 Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree`
-is gone. If you have them in $GIT_DIR/config before, you must move
+is gone. If they exist in `$GIT_DIR/config`, you must move
 them to the `config.worktree` of the main working tree. You may also
 take this opportunity to review and move other configuration that you
 do not want to share to all working trees:
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@
 DETAILS
 -------
 Each linked working tree has a private sub-directory in the repository's
-$GIT_DIR/worktrees directory.  The private sub-directory's name is usually
+`$GIT_DIR/worktrees` directory.  The private sub-directory's name is usually
 the base name of the linked working tree's path, possibly appended with a
 number to make it unique.  For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the
 command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked
@@ -276,51 +277,51 @@
 `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1`
 if `test-next` is already taken).
 
-Within a linked working tree, $GIT_DIR is set to point to this private
+Within a linked working tree, `$GIT_DIR` is set to point to this private
 directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and
-$GIT_COMMON_DIR is set to point back to the main working tree's $GIT_DIR
+`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` is set to point back to the main working tree's `$GIT_DIR`
 (e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at
 the top directory of the linked working tree.
 
 Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either
-$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR depending on the path. For example, in the
+`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` depending on the path. For example, in the
 linked working tree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns
 `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not
 `/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git
 rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses
-$GIT_COMMON_DIR and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`,
-since refs are shared across all working trees, except refs/bisect and
-refs/worktree.
+`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`,
+since refs are shared across all working trees, except `refs/bisect` and
+`refs/worktree`.
 
 See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of
 thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to
-$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR when you need to directly access something
-inside $GIT_DIR. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path.
+`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` when you need to directly access something
+inside `$GIT_DIR`. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path.
 
-If you manually move a linked working tree, you need to update the 'gitdir' file
+If you manually move a linked working tree, you need to update the `gitdir` file
 in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked working tree is moved
 to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to
 `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update
 `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next`
 instead.
 
-To prevent a $GIT_DIR/worktrees entry from being pruned (which
+To prevent a `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` entry from being pruned (which
 can be useful in some situations, such as when the
 entry's working tree is stored on a portable device), use the
 `git worktree lock` command, which adds a file named
-'locked' to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in
+`locked` to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in
 plain text. For example, if a linked working tree's `.git` file points
 to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named
 `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the
 `test-next` entry from being pruned.  See
 linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details.
 
-When extensions.worktreeConfig is enabled, the config file
+When `extensions.worktreeConfig` is enabled, the config file
 `.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is.
 
 LIST OUTPUT FORMAT
 ------------------
-The worktree list command has two output formats.  The default format shows the
+The `worktree list` command has two output formats. The default format shows the
 details on a single line with columns.  For example:
 
 ------------
@@ -333,10 +334,10 @@
 Porcelain Format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The porcelain format has a line per attribute.  Attributes are listed with a
-label and value separated by a single space.  Boolean attributes (like 'bare'
-and 'detached') are listed as a label only, and are only present if and only
-if the value is true.  The first attribute of a worktree is always `worktree`,
-an empty line indicates the end of the record.  For example:
+label and value separated by a single space.  Boolean attributes (like `bare`
+and `detached`) are listed as a label only, and are present only
+if the value is true.  The first attribute of a working tree is always
+`worktree`, an empty line indicates the end of the record.  For example:
 
 ------------
 $ git worktree list --porcelain
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 3e50065..2fc9258 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -304,6 +304,13 @@
 
 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
 
+Guides
+------
+
+The following documentation pages are guides about Git concepts.
+
+include::cmds-guide.txt[]
+
 
 Configuration Mechanism
 -----------------------
@@ -497,7 +504,8 @@
 	If this variable is set, the default hash algorithm for new
 	repositories will be set to this value. This value is currently
 	ignored when cloning; the setting of the remote repository
-	is used instead. The default is "sha1".
+	is used instead. The default is "sha1". THIS VARIABLE IS
+	EXPERIMENTAL! See `--object-format` in linkgit:git-init[1].
 
 Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index 9e481ae..758bf39 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
+gitcredentials - Providing usernames and passwords to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/object-format-disclaimer.txt b/Documentation/object-format-disclaimer.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb106f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/object-format-disclaimer.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+THIS OPTION IS EXPERIMENTAL! SHA-256 support is experimental and still
+in an early stage.  A SHA-256 repository will in general not be able to
+share work with "regular" SHA-1 repositories.  It should be assumed
+that, e.g., Git internal file formats in relation to SHA-256
+repositories may change in backwards-incompatible ways.  Only use
+`--object-format=sha256` for testing purposes.
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-description.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-description.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9efa7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+List commits that are reachable by following the `parent` links from the
+given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
+given with a '{caret}' in front of them.  The output is given in reverse
+chronological order by default.
+
+You can think of this as a set operation. Commits reachable from any of
+the commits given on the command line form a set, and then commits reachable
+from any of the ones given with '{caret}' in front are subtracted from that
+set.  The remaining commits are what comes out in the command's output.
+Various other options and paths parameters can be used to further limit the
+result.
+
+Thus, the following command:
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git rev-list foo bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+ifdef::git-log[]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git log foo bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+endif::git-log[]
+
+means "list all the commits which are reachable from 'foo' or 'bar', but
+not from 'baz'".
+
+A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
+short-hand for "^'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
+the following may be used interchangeably:
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git rev-list origin..HEAD
+$ git rev-list HEAD ^origin
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+ifdef::git-log[]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git log origin..HEAD
+$ git log HEAD ^origin
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+endif::git-log[]
+
+Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
+for merges.  The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
+between the two operands.  The following two commands are equivalent:
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
+$ git rev-list A...B
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+ifdef::git-log[]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git log A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
+$ git log A...B
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+endif::git-log[]
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index d3117ce..0023790 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -1116,48 +1116,3 @@
 	by a tab.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 endif::git-shortlog[]
-
-ifndef::git-shortlog[]
-ifndef::git-rev-list[]
-Diff Formatting
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output.
-Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
-options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
-
--c::
-	With this option, diff output for a merge commit
-	shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
-	simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
-	and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
-	which were modified from all parents.
-
---cc::
-	This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
-	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
-	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
-	one of them without modification.
-
---combined-all-paths::
-	This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to
-	list the name of the file from all parents.  It thus only has
-	effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only
-	useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either
-	rename or copy detection have been requested).
-
--m::
-	This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
-	regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
-	and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
-	the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
-	in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
-	brought _into_ the then-current branch.
-
--r::
-	Show recursive diffs.
-
--t::
-	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`.
-endif::git-rev-list[]
-endif::git-shortlog[]
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index 1ad9506..d9169c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -254,6 +254,9 @@
 previous section, means the set of commits `reachable` from the given
 commit.
 
+Specifying several revisions means the set of commits reachable from
+any of the given commits.
+
 A commit's reachable set is the commit itself and the commits in
 its ancestry chain.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 2e2e7c1..5a60bbf 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@
 	will be overwritten, so this should only be used for options where
 	the last one specified on the command line wins.
 
-`OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(short, long, &argv_array_var, arg_str, description, flags)`::
+`OPT_PASSTHRU_ARGV(short, long, &strvec_var, arg_str, description, flags)`::
 	Introduce an option where all instances of it on the command-line will
-	be reconstructed into an argv_array. This is useful when you need to
+	be reconstructed into a strvec. This is useful when you need to
 	pass the command-line option, which can be specified multiple times,
 	to another command.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt
index 0e82815..bac558d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/bundle-format.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 We will use ABNF notation to define the Git bundle format. See
 protocol-common.txt for the details.
 
+A v2 bundle looks like this:
+
 ----
 bundle    = signature *prerequisite *reference LF pack
 signature = "# v2 git bundle" LF
@@ -18,9 +20,28 @@
 pack         = ... ; packfile
 ----
 
+A v3 bundle looks like this:
+
+----
+bundle    = signature *capability *prerequisite *reference LF pack
+signature = "# v3 git bundle" LF
+
+capability   = "@" key ["=" value] LF
+prerequisite = "-" obj-id SP comment LF
+comment      = *CHAR
+reference    = obj-id SP refname LF
+key          = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-")
+value        = *(%01-09 / %0b-FF)
+
+pack         = ... ; packfile
+----
+
 == Semantics
 
-A Git bundle consists of three parts.
+A Git bundle consists of several parts.
+
+* "Capabilities", which are only in the v3 format, indicate functionality that
+	the bundle requires to be read properly.
 
 * "Prerequisites" lists the objects that are NOT included in the bundle and the
   reader of the bundle MUST already have, in order to use the data in the
@@ -46,3 +67,10 @@
 Note that the prerequisites does not represent a shallow-clone boundary. The
 semantics of the prerequisites and the shallow-clone boundaries are different,
 and the Git bundle v2 format cannot represent a shallow clone repository.
+
+== Capabilities
+
+Because there is no opportunity for negotiation, unknown capabilities cause 'git
+bundle' to abort.  The only known capability is `object-format`, which specifies
+the hash algorithm in use, and can take the same values as the
+`extensions.objectFormat` configuration value.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
index 1beef17..6ddbceb 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 of the body. The header includes certain values, such as number of chunks
 and hash type.
 
-All 4-byte numbers are in network order.
+All multi-byte numbers are in network byte order.
 
 HEADER:
 
@@ -42,8 +42,13 @@
   1-byte version number:
       Currently, the only valid version is 1.
 
-  1-byte Hash Version (1 = SHA-1)
-      We infer the hash length (H) from this value.
+  1-byte Hash Version
+      We infer the hash length (H) from this value:
+	1 => SHA-1
+	2 => SHA-256
+      If the hash type does not match the repository's hash algorithm, the
+      commit-graph file should be ignored with a warning presented to the
+      user.
 
   1-byte number (C) of "chunks"
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
index 808fa30..f14a765 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt
@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@
 			    +---------------------+
 			    |                     |
  +-----------------------+  +---------------------+
- |  graph-{hash2} |->|                     |
+ |  graph-{hash2}        |->|                     |
  +-----------------------+  +---------------------+
 	  |                 |                     |
  +-----------------------+  +---------------------+
  |                       |  |                     |
- |  graph-{hash1} |->|                     |
+ |  graph-{hash1}        |->|                     |
  |                       |  |                     |
  +-----------------------+  +---------------------+
 	  |                  tmp_graphXXX
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
  |                       |
  |                       |
  |                       |
- |  graph-{hash0} |
+ |  graph-{hash0}        |
  |                       |
  |                       |
  |                       |
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt b/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt
index 5b2db3b..6fd20eb 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt
@@ -650,7 +650,6 @@
 
 The first user-visible change is the introduction of the objectFormat
 extension (without compatObjectFormat). This requires:
-- implementing the loose-object-idx
 - teaching fsck about this mode of operation
 - using the hash function API (vtable) when computing object names
 - signing objects and verifying signatures
@@ -658,6 +657,7 @@
   repository
 
 Next comes introduction of compatObjectFormat:
+- implementing the loose-object-idx
 - translating object names between object formats
 - translating object content between object formats
 - generating and verifying signatures in the compat format
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
index 51a79e6..96d89ea 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
@@ -401,8 +401,9 @@
 The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (`0000`).
 
 A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
-SHA-1 as its value.  Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending
-multiple commands.
+object name as its value.  Multiple object names MUST be sent by sending
+multiple commands. Object names MUST be given using the object format
+negotiated through the `object-format` capability (default SHA-1).
 
 The `have` list is created by popping the first 32 commits
 from `c_pending`.  Less can be supplied if `c_pending` empties.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index faa25c5..f9a3644 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 
 == The Git index file has the following format
 
-  All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
-  here unless stated otherwise.
+  All binary numbers are in network byte order.
+  In a repository using the traditional SHA-1, checksums and object IDs
+  (object names) mentioned below are all computed using SHA-1.  Similarly,
+  in SHA-256 repositories, these values are computed using SHA-256.
+  Version 2 is described here unless stated otherwise.
 
    - A 12-byte header consisting of
 
@@ -32,8 +35,7 @@
 
      Extension data
 
-   - 160-bit SHA-1 over the content of the index file before this
-     checksum.
+   - Hash checksum over the content of the index file before this checksum.
 
 == Index entry
 
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@
   32-bit file size
     This is the on-disk size from stat(2), truncated to 32-bit.
 
-  160-bit SHA-1 for the represented object
+  Object name for the represented object
 
   A 16-bit 'flags' field split into (high to low bits)
 
@@ -160,8 +162,8 @@
 
   - A newline (ASCII 10); and
 
-  - 160-bit object name for the object that would result from writing
-    this span of index as a tree.
+  - Object name for the object that would result from writing this span
+    of index as a tree.
 
   An entry can be in an invalidated state and is represented by having
   a negative number in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@
     stage 1 to 3 (a missing stage is represented by "0" in this field);
     and
 
-  - At most three 160-bit object names of the entry in stages from 1 to 3
+  - At most three object names of the entry in stages from 1 to 3
     (nothing is written for a missing stage).
 
 === Split index
@@ -211,8 +213,8 @@
 
   The extension consists of:
 
-  - 160-bit SHA-1 of the shared index file. The shared index file path
-    is $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>. If all 160 bits are zero, the
+  - Hash of the shared index file. The shared index file path
+    is $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<hash>. If all bits are zero, the
     index does not require a shared index file.
 
   - An ewah-encoded delete bitmap, each bit represents an entry in the
@@ -253,10 +255,10 @@
 
   - 32-bit dir_flags (see struct dir_struct)
 
-  - 160-bit SHA-1 of $GIT_DIR/info/exclude. Null SHA-1 means the file
+  - Hash of $GIT_DIR/info/exclude. A null hash means the file
     does not exist.
 
-  - 160-bit SHA-1 of core.excludesfile. Null SHA-1 means the file does
+  - Hash of core.excludesfile. A null hash means the file does
     not exist.
 
   - NUL-terminated string of per-dir exclude file name. This usually
@@ -285,13 +287,13 @@
   - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit records "check-only" bit of
     read_directory_recursive() for the n-th directory.
 
-  - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit indicates whether SHA-1 and stat data
+  - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit indicates whether hash and stat data
     is valid for the n-th directory and exists in the next data.
 
   - An array of stat data. The n-th data corresponds with the n-th
     "one" bit in the previous ewah bitmap.
 
-  - An array of SHA-1. The n-th SHA-1 corresponds with the n-th "one" bit
+  - An array of hashes. The n-th hash corresponds with the n-th "one" bit
     in the previous ewah bitmap.
 
   - One NUL.
@@ -330,12 +332,12 @@
 
   - 32-bit offset to the end of the index entries
 
-  - 160-bit SHA-1 over the extension types and their sizes (but not
+  - Hash over the extension types and their sizes (but not
 	their contents).  E.g. if we have "TREE" extension that is N-bytes
 	long, "REUC" extension that is M-bytes long, followed by "EOIE",
 	then the hash would be:
 
-	SHA-1("TREE" + <binary representation of N> +
+	Hash("TREE" + <binary representation of N> +
 		"REUC" + <binary representation of M>)
 
 == Index Entry Offset Table
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index d3a142c..f96b2e6 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 Git pack format
 ===============
 
+== Checksums and object IDs
+
+In a repository using the traditional SHA-1, pack checksums, index checksums,
+and object IDs (object names) mentioned below are all computed using SHA-1.
+Similarly, in SHA-256 repositories, these values are computed using SHA-256.
+
 == pack-*.pack files have the following format:
 
    - A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:
@@ -26,7 +32,7 @@
 
      (deltified representation)
      n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
-     20-byte base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
+     base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
 	 offset from the delta object's position in the pack if this
 	 is an OBJ_OFS_DELTA object
      compressed delta data
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@
      Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
      length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
 
-  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above.
+  - The trailer records a pack checksum of all of the above.
 
 === Object types
 
@@ -58,8 +64,8 @@
 
 Both ofs-delta and ref-delta store the "delta" to be applied to
 another object (called 'base object') to reconstruct the object. The
-difference between them is, ref-delta directly encodes 20-byte base
-object name. If the base object is in the same pack, ofs-delta encodes
+difference between them is, ref-delta directly encodes base object
+name. If the base object is in the same pack, ofs-delta encodes
 the offset of the base object in the pack instead.
 
 The base object could also be deltified if it's in the same pack.
@@ -143,14 +149,14 @@
     object is stored in the packfile as the offset from the
     beginning.
 
-    20-byte object name.
+    one object name of the appropriate size.
 
   - The file is concluded with a trailer:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
-    corresponding packfile.
+    A copy of the pack checksum at the end of the corresponding
+    packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
+    Index checksum of all of the above.
 
 Pack Idx file:
 
@@ -198,7 +204,7 @@
         If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
 		is the size before compression).
 	If it is REF_DELTA, then
-	  20-byte base object name SHA-1 (the size above is the
+	  base object name (the size above is the
 		size of the delta data that follows).
           delta data, deflated.
 	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
@@ -227,9 +233,9 @@
 
   - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
 
-  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA-1 object names.  These are
-    packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
-    footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
+  - A table of sorted object names.  These are packed together
+    without offset values to reduce the cache footprint of the
+    binary search for a specific object name.
 
   - A table of 4-byte CRC32 values of the packed object data.
     This is new in v2 so compressed data can be copied directly
@@ -248,10 +254,10 @@
 
   - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the pack checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
+    Index checksum of all of the above.
 
 == multi-pack-index (MIDX) files have the following format:
 
@@ -273,7 +279,12 @@
 	    Git only writes or recognizes version 1.
 
 	1-byte Object Id Version
-	    Git only writes or recognizes version 1 (SHA1).
+	    We infer the length of object IDs (OIDs) from this value:
+		1 => SHA-1
+		2 => SHA-256
+	    If the hash type does not match the repository's hash algorithm,
+	    the multi-pack-index file should be ignored with a warning
+	    presented to the user.
 
 	1-byte number of "chunks"
 
@@ -329,4 +340,4 @@
 
 TRAILER:
 
-	20-byte SHA1-checksum of the above contents.
+	Index checksum of the above contents.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
index 36ccd14..124d716 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -324,15 +324,19 @@
 ----------------------
 
 If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
-send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
-advertised by upload-pack.
+send "want" lines with object names that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack. For historical reasons, the name of this
+capability contains "sha1". Object names are always given using the
+object format negotiated through the 'object-format' capability.
 
 allow-reachable-sha1-in-want
 ----------------------------
 
 If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
-send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
-advertised by upload-pack.
+send "want" lines with object names that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack. For historical reasons, the name of this
+capability contains "sha1". Object names are always given using the
+object format negotiated through the 'object-format' capability.
 
 push-cert=<nonce>
 -----------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
index 01dedfe..f3738ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 stops after showing them; "git fsck" does not complain saying
 the commits listed on their "parent" lines do not exist).
 
-Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft
+Each line contains exactly one object name. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.
 
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 372139f..65f8cfb 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -828,7 +828,6 @@
 LIB_OBJS += archive-tar.o
 LIB_OBJS += archive-zip.o
 LIB_OBJS += archive.o
-LIB_OBJS += argv-array.o
 LIB_OBJS += attr.o
 LIB_OBJS += base85.o
 LIB_OBJS += bisect.o
@@ -986,6 +985,7 @@
 LIB_OBJS += split-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += stable-qsort.o
 LIB_OBJS += strbuf.o
+LIB_OBJS += strvec.o
 LIB_OBJS += streaming.o
 LIB_OBJS += string-list.o
 LIB_OBJS += sub-process.o
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index a7b4f6d..9143650 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/2.28.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/add-interactive.c b/add-interactive.c
index 29cd2fe..555c4ab 100644
--- a/add-interactive.c
+++ b/add-interactive.c
@@ -935,18 +935,18 @@
 	opts->prompt = N_("Patch update");
 	count = list_and_choose(s, files, opts);
 	if (count > 0) {
-		struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 		struct pathspec ps_selected = { 0 };
 
 		for (i = 0; i < files->items.nr; i++)
 			if (files->selected[i])
-				argv_array_push(&args,
-						files->items.items[i].string);
+				strvec_push(&args,
+					    files->items.items[i].string);
 		parse_pathspec(&ps_selected,
 			       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
-			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", args.argv);
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", args.v);
 		res = run_add_p(s->r, ADD_P_ADD, NULL, &ps_selected);
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 		clear_pathspec(&ps_selected);
 	}
 
@@ -976,18 +976,18 @@
 	count = list_and_choose(s, files, opts);
 	opts->flags = 0;
 	if (count > 0) {
-		struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&args, "git", "diff", "-p", "--cached",
-				 oid_to_hex(!is_initial ? &oid :
-					    s->r->hash_algo->empty_tree),
-				 "--", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&args, "git", "diff", "-p", "--cached",
+			     oid_to_hex(!is_initial ? &oid :
+					s->r->hash_algo->empty_tree),
+			     "--", NULL);
 		for (i = 0; i < files->items.nr; i++)
 			if (files->selected[i])
-				argv_array_push(&args,
-						files->items.items[i].string);
-		res = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, 0);
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+				strvec_push(&args,
+					    files->items.items[i].string);
+		res = run_command_v_opt(args.v, 0);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 	}
 
 	putchar('\n');
diff --git a/add-patch.c b/add-patch.c
index f899389..f67b304 100644
--- a/add-patch.c
+++ b/add-patch.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "add-interactive.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "pathspec.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "diff.h"
@@ -286,12 +286,12 @@
 
 	va_start(ap, cp);
 	while ((arg = va_arg(ap, const char *)))
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, arg);
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, arg);
 	va_end(ap);
 
 	cp->git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp->env_array,
-			 INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "=%s", s->s.r->index_file);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp->env_array,
+		     INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "=%s", s->s.r->index_file);
 }
 
 static int parse_range(const char **p,
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
 
 static int parse_diff(struct add_p_state *s, const struct pathspec *ps)
 {
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char *diff_algorithm = s->s.interactive_diff_algorithm;
 	struct strbuf *plain = &s->plain, *colored = NULL;
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
@@ -380,32 +380,32 @@
 	struct hunk *hunk = NULL;
 	int res;
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, s->mode->diff_cmd);
+	strvec_pushv(&args, s->mode->diff_cmd);
 	if (diff_algorithm)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--diff-algorithm=%s", diff_algorithm);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--diff-algorithm=%s", diff_algorithm);
 	if (s->revision) {
 		struct object_id oid;
-		argv_array_push(&args,
-				/* could be on an unborn branch */
-				!strcmp("HEAD", s->revision) &&
-				get_oid("HEAD", &oid) ?
-				empty_tree_oid_hex() : s->revision);
+		strvec_push(&args,
+			    /* could be on an unborn branch */
+			    !strcmp("HEAD", s->revision) &&
+			    get_oid("HEAD", &oid) ?
+			    empty_tree_oid_hex() : s->revision);
 	}
-	color_arg_index = args.argc;
+	color_arg_index = args.nr;
 	/* Use `--no-color` explicitly, just in case `diff.color = always`. */
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "--no-color", "-p", "--", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "--no-color", "-p", "--", NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < ps->nr; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&args, ps->items[i].original);
+		strvec_push(&args, ps->items[i].original);
 
 	setup_child_process(s, &cp, NULL);
-	cp.argv = args.argv;
+	cp.argv = args.v;
 	res = capture_command(&cp, plain, 0);
 	if (res) {
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 		return error(_("could not parse diff"));
 	}
 	if (!plain->len) {
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	strbuf_complete_line(plain);
@@ -415,11 +415,11 @@
 		const char *diff_filter = s->s.interactive_diff_filter;
 
 		setup_child_process(s, &colored_cp, NULL);
-		xsnprintf((char *)args.argv[color_arg_index], 8, "--color");
-		colored_cp.argv = args.argv;
+		xsnprintf((char *)args.v[color_arg_index], 8, "--color");
+		colored_cp.argv = args.v;
 		colored = &s->colored;
 		res = capture_command(&colored_cp, colored, 0);
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 		if (res)
 			return error(_("could not parse colored diff"));
 
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@
 		colored_p = colored->buf;
 		colored_pend = colored_p + colored->len;
 	}
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 
 	/* parse files and hunks */
 	p = plain->buf;
@@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@
 
 	setup_child_process(s, &cp,
 			    "apply", "--check", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, s->mode->apply_check_args);
+	strvec_pushv(&cp.args, s->mode->apply_check_args);
 	if (pipe_command(&cp, s->buf.buf, s->buf.len, NULL, 0, NULL, 0))
 		return error(_("'git apply --cached' failed"));
 
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
 	for (;;) {
 		int res = edit_hunk_manually(s, hunk);
 		if (res == 0) {
-			/* abandonded */
+			/* abandoned */
 			*hunk = backup;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@
 					   s->mode->is_reverse);
 		else {
 			setup_child_process(s, &cp, "apply", NULL);
-			argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, s->mode->apply_args);
+			strvec_pushv(&cp.args, s->mode->apply_args);
 			if (pipe_command(&cp, s->buf.buf, s->buf.len,
 					 NULL, 0, NULL, 0))
 				error(_("'git apply' failed"));
diff --git a/apply.c b/apply.c
index 8bff604..76dba93 100644
--- a/apply.c
+++ b/apply.c
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 static void git_apply_config(void)
 {
-	git_config_get_string_const("apply.whitespace", &apply_default_whitespace);
-	git_config_get_string_const("apply.ignorewhitespace", &apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+	git_config_get_string("apply.whitespace", &apply_default_whitespace);
+	git_config_get_string("apply.ignorewhitespace", &apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
 	git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -3178,7 +3178,7 @@
 		return 0; /* deletion patch */
 	}
 
-	if (has_object_file(&oid)) {
+	if (has_object(the_repository, &oid, 0)) {
 		/* We already have the postimage */
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
@@ -3740,6 +3740,7 @@
 
 #define EXISTS_IN_INDEX 1
 #define EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE 2
+#define EXISTS_IN_INDEX_AS_ITA 3
 
 static int check_to_create(struct apply_state *state,
 			   const char *new_name,
@@ -3747,10 +3748,23 @@
 {
 	struct stat nst;
 
-	if (state->check_index &&
-	    index_name_pos(state->repo->index, new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
-	    !ok_if_exists)
-		return EXISTS_IN_INDEX;
+	if (state->check_index && (!ok_if_exists || !state->cached)) {
+		int pos;
+
+		pos = index_name_pos(state->repo->index, new_name, strlen(new_name));
+		if (pos >= 0) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = state->repo->index->cache[pos];
+
+			/* allow ITA, as they do not yet exist in the index */
+			if (!ok_if_exists && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
+				return EXISTS_IN_INDEX;
+
+			/* ITA entries can never match working tree files */
+			if (!state->cached && (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
+				return EXISTS_IN_INDEX_AS_ITA;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (state->cached)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -3935,6 +3949,9 @@
 		case EXISTS_IN_INDEX:
 			return error(_("%s: already exists in index"), new_name);
 			break;
+		case EXISTS_IN_INDEX_AS_ITA:
+			return error(_("%s: does not match index"), new_name);
+			break;
 		case EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE:
 			return error(_("%s: already exists in working directory"),
 				     new_name);
diff --git a/argv-array.c b/argv-array.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 61ef8c0..0000000
--- a/argv-array.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
-#include "strbuf.h"
-
-const char *empty_argv[] = { NULL };
-
-void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *array)
-{
-	array->argv = empty_argv;
-	array->argc = 0;
-	array->alloc = 0;
-}
-
-static void argv_array_push_nodup(struct argv_array *array, const char *value)
-{
-	if (array->argv == empty_argv)
-		array->argv = NULL;
-
-	ALLOC_GROW(array->argv, array->argc + 2, array->alloc);
-	array->argv[array->argc++] = value;
-	array->argv[array->argc] = NULL;
-}
-
-const char *argv_array_push(struct argv_array *array, const char *value)
-{
-	argv_array_push_nodup(array, xstrdup(value));
-	return array->argv[array->argc - 1];
-}
-
-const char *argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *array, const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-	struct strbuf v = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	strbuf_vaddf(&v, fmt, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-
-	argv_array_push_nodup(array, strbuf_detach(&v, NULL));
-	return array->argv[array->argc - 1];
-}
-
-void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *array, ...)
-{
-	va_list ap;
-	const char *arg;
-
-	va_start(ap, array);
-	while ((arg = va_arg(ap, const char *)))
-		argv_array_push(array, arg);
-	va_end(ap);
-}
-
-void argv_array_pushv(struct argv_array *array, const char **argv)
-{
-	for (; *argv; argv++)
-		argv_array_push(array, *argv);
-}
-
-void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *array)
-{
-	if (!array->argc)
-		return;
-	free((char *)array->argv[array->argc - 1]);
-	array->argv[array->argc - 1] = NULL;
-	array->argc--;
-}
-
-void argv_array_split(struct argv_array *array, const char *to_split)
-{
-	while (isspace(*to_split))
-		to_split++;
-	for (;;) {
-		const char *p = to_split;
-
-		if (!*p)
-			break;
-
-		while (*p && !isspace(*p))
-			p++;
-		argv_array_push_nodup(array, xstrndup(to_split, p - to_split));
-
-		while (isspace(*p))
-			p++;
-		to_split = p;
-	}
-}
-
-void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *array)
-{
-	if (array->argv != empty_argv) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < array->argc; i++)
-			free((char *)array->argv[i]);
-		free(array->argv);
-	}
-	argv_array_init(array);
-}
-
-const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *array)
-{
-	if (array->argv == empty_argv)
-		return xcalloc(1, sizeof(const char *));
-	else {
-		const char **ret = array->argv;
-		argv_array_init(array);
-		return ret;
-	}
-}
diff --git a/argv-array.h b/argv-array.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a7d3b10..0000000
--- a/argv-array.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ARGV_ARRAY_H
-#define ARGV_ARRAY_H
-
-/**
- * The argv-array API allows one to dynamically build and store
- * NULL-terminated lists.  An argv-array maintains the invariant that the
- * `argv` member always points to a non-NULL array, and that the array is
- * always NULL-terminated at the element pointed to by `argv[argc]`. This
- * makes the result suitable for passing to functions expecting to receive
- * argv from main().
- *
- * The string-list API (documented in string-list.h) is similar, but cannot be
- * used for these purposes; instead of storing a straight string pointer,
- * it contains an item structure with a `util` field that is not compatible
- * with the traditional argv interface.
- *
- * Each `argv_array` manages its own memory. Any strings pushed into the
- * array are duplicated, and all memory is freed by argv_array_clear().
- */
-
-extern const char *empty_argv[];
-
-/**
- * A single array. This should be initialized by assignment from
- * `ARGV_ARRAY_INIT`, or by calling `argv_array_init`. The `argv`
- * member contains the actual array; the `argc` member contains the
- * number of elements in the array, not including the terminating
- * NULL.
- */
-struct argv_array {
-	const char **argv;
-	int argc;
-	int alloc;
-};
-
-#define ARGV_ARRAY_INIT { empty_argv, 0, 0 }
-
-/**
- * Initialize an array. This is no different than assigning from
- * `ARGV_ARRAY_INIT`.
- */
-void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *);
-
-/* Push a copy of a string onto the end of the array. */
-const char *argv_array_push(struct argv_array *, const char *);
-
-/**
- * Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a
- * convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`.
- */
-__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
-const char *argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *, const char *fmt, ...);
-
-/**
- * Push a list of strings onto the end of the array. The arguments
- * should be a list of `const char *` strings, terminated by a NULL
- * argument.
- */
-LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
-void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *, ...);
-
-/* Push a null-terminated array of strings onto the end of the array. */
-void argv_array_pushv(struct argv_array *, const char **);
-
-/**
- * Remove the final element from the array. If there are no
- * elements in the array, do nothing.
- */
-void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *);
-
-/* Splits by whitespace; does not handle quoted arguments! */
-void argv_array_split(struct argv_array *, const char *);
-
-/**
- * Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
- * initial, empty state.
- */
-void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *);
-
-/**
- * Disconnect the `argv` member from the `argv_array` struct and
- * return it. The caller is responsible for freeing the memory used
- * by the array, and by the strings it references. After detaching,
- * the `argv_array` is in a reinitialized state and can be pushed
- * into again.
- */
-const char **argv_array_detach(struct argv_array *);
-
-#endif /* ARGV_ARRAY_H */
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index 1585fcc..d42a3a3 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "bisect.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "commit-slab.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_first_parent, "BISECT_FIRST_PARENT")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_head_name, "head-name")
 
-static void read_bisect_paths(struct argv_array *array)
+static void read_bisect_paths(struct strvec *array)
 {
 	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *filename = git_path_bisect_names();
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@
 
 	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp) != EOF) {
 		strbuf_trim(&str);
-		if (sq_dequote_to_argv_array(str.buf, array))
+		if (sq_dequote_to_strvec(str.buf, array))
 			die(_("Badly quoted content in file '%s': %s"),
 			    filename, str.buf);
 	}
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@
 			     const char *bad_format, const char *good_format,
 			     int read_paths)
 {
-	struct argv_array rev_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec rev_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int i;
 
 	repo_init_revisions(r, revs, prefix);
@@ -648,16 +648,16 @@
 	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 	/* rev_argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
-	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, "bisect_rev_setup");
-	argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, bad_format, oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid));
+	strvec_push(&rev_argv, "bisect_rev_setup");
+	strvec_pushf(&rev_argv, bad_format, oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid));
 	for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
-		argv_array_pushf(&rev_argv, good_format,
-				 oid_to_hex(good_revs.oid + i));
-	argv_array_push(&rev_argv, "--");
+		strvec_pushf(&rev_argv, good_format,
+			     oid_to_hex(good_revs.oid + i));
+	strvec_push(&rev_argv, "--");
 	if (read_paths)
 		read_bisect_paths(&rev_argv);
 
-	setup_revisions(rev_argv.argc, rev_argv.argv, revs, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(rev_argv.nr, rev_argv.v, revs, NULL);
 	/* XXX leak rev_argv, as "revs" may still be pointing to it */
 }
 
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@
 	char bisect_rev_hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
 	enum bisect_error res = BISECT_OK;
 
-	memcpy(bisect_rev_hex, oid_to_hex(bisect_rev), the_hash_algo->hexsz + 1);
+	oid_to_hex_r(bisect_rev_hex, bisect_rev);
 	update_ref(NULL, "BISECT_EXPECTED_REV", bisect_rev, NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 
 	argv_checkout[2] = bisect_rev_hex;
diff --git a/blame.c b/blame.c
index 82fa16d..1be1cd8 100644
--- a/blame.c
+++ b/blame.c
@@ -1184,6 +1184,7 @@
 	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && (next = ent->next); ent = next) {
 		if (ent->suspect == next->suspect &&
 		    ent->s_lno + ent->num_lines == next->s_lno &&
+		    ent->lno + ent->num_lines == next->lno &&
 		    ent->ignored == next->ignored &&
 		    ent->unblamable == next->unblamable) {
 			ent->num_lines += next->num_lines;
diff --git a/bloom.c b/bloom.c
index 6a7f2f2..1a57322 100644
--- a/bloom.c
+++ b/bloom.c
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
 	struct diff_options diffopt;
 	int max_changes = 512;
 
-	if (bloom_filters.slab_size == 0)
+	if (!bloom_filters.slab_size)
 		return NULL;
 
 	filter = bloom_filter_slab_at(&bloom_filters, c);
@@ -195,16 +195,14 @@
 	if (!filter->data) {
 		load_commit_graph_info(r, c);
 		if (commit_graph_position(c) != COMMIT_NOT_FROM_GRAPH &&
-			r->objects->commit_graph->chunk_bloom_indexes) {
-			if (load_bloom_filter_from_graph(r->objects->commit_graph, filter, c))
-				return filter;
-			else
-				return NULL;
-		}
+			r->objects->commit_graph->chunk_bloom_indexes)
+			load_bloom_filter_from_graph(r->objects->commit_graph, filter, c);
 	}
 
-	if (filter->data || !compute_if_not_present)
+	if (filter->data)
 		return filter;
+	if (!compute_if_not_present)
+		return NULL;
 
 	repo_diff_setup(r, &diffopt);
 	diffopt.flags.recursive = 1;
diff --git a/bugreport.c b/bugreport.c
index 09579e2..7ca0fba 100644
--- a/bugreport.c
+++ b/bugreport.c
@@ -175,10 +175,8 @@
 	/* fopen doesn't offer us an O_EXCL alternative, except with glibc. */
 	report = open(report_path.buf, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
 
-	if (report < 0) {
-		UNLEAK(report_path);
+	if (report < 0)
 		die(_("couldn't create a new file at '%s'"), report_path.buf);
-	}
 
 	if (write_in_full(report, buffer.buf, buffer.len) < 0)
 		die_errno(_("unable to write to %s"), report_path.buf);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index 298e011..b36a99e 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "add-interactive.h"
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
 			const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int status, i;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int use_builtin_add_i =
 		git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_ADD_I_USE_BUILTIN", -1);
 
@@ -218,18 +218,18 @@
 		return !!run_add_p(the_repository, mode, revision, pathspec);
 	}
 
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "add--interactive");
+	strvec_push(&argv, "add--interactive");
 	if (patch_mode)
-		argv_array_push(&argv, patch_mode);
+		strvec_push(&argv, patch_mode);
 	if (revision)
-		argv_array_push(&argv, revision);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
+		strvec_push(&argv, revision);
+	strvec_push(&argv, "--");
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
 		/* pass original pathspec, to be re-parsed */
-		argv_array_push(&argv, pathspec->items[i].original);
+		strvec_push(&argv, pathspec->items[i].original);
 
-	status = run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 	return status;
 }
 
@@ -534,11 +534,11 @@
 	die_in_unpopulated_submodule(&the_index, prefix);
 	die_path_inside_submodule(&the_index, &pathspec);
 
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	if (add_new_files) {
 		int baselen;
 
 		/* Set up the default git porcelain excludes */
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 		if (!ignored_too) {
 			dir.flags |= DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED;
 			setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
 			       COMMIT_LOCK | SKIP_IF_UNCHANGED))
 		die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 	UNLEAK(pathspec);
-	UNLEAK(dir);
 	return exit_status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/am.c b/builtin/am.c
index 69e50de..dd4e6c2 100644
--- a/builtin/am.c
+++ b/builtin/am.c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 	int keep; /* enum keep_type */
 	int message_id;
 	int scissors; /* enum scissors_type */
-	struct argv_array git_apply_opts;
+	struct strvec git_apply_opts;
 	const char *resolvemsg;
 	int committer_date_is_author_date;
 	int ignore_date;
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
 
 	state->scissors = SCISSORS_UNSET;
 
-	argv_array_init(&state->git_apply_opts);
+	strvec_init(&state->git_apply_opts);
 
 	if (!git_config_get_bool("commit.gpgsign", &gpgsign))
 		state->sign_commit = gpgsign ? "" : NULL;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 	free(state->author_email);
 	free(state->author_date);
 	free(state->msg);
-	argv_array_clear(&state->git_apply_opts);
+	strvec_clear(&state->git_apply_opts);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -398,8 +398,8 @@
 		state->scissors = SCISSORS_UNSET;
 
 	read_state_file(&sb, state, "apply-opt", 1);
-	argv_array_clear(&state->git_apply_opts);
-	if (sq_dequote_to_argv_array(sb.buf, &state->git_apply_opts) < 0)
+	strvec_clear(&state->git_apply_opts);
+	if (sq_dequote_to_strvec(sb.buf, &state->git_apply_opts) < 0)
 		die(_("could not parse %s"), am_path(state, "apply-opt"));
 
 	state->rebasing = !!file_exists(am_path(state, "rebasing"));
@@ -452,8 +452,8 @@
 	if (!hook)
 		return 0;
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, hook);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "rebase");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, hook);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "rebase");
 
 	cp.in = xopen(am_path(state, "rewritten"), O_RDONLY);
 	cp.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -651,16 +651,16 @@
 	int ret;
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "mailsplit");
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "-d%d", state->prec);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "-o%s", state->dir);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-b");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "mailsplit");
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "-d%d", state->prec);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "-o%s", state->dir);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "-b");
 	if (keep_cr)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--keep-cr");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--keep-cr");
 	if (mboxrd)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--mboxrd");
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--");
-	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, paths);
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--mboxrd");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "--");
+	strvec_pushv(&cp.args, paths);
 
 	ret = capture_command(&cp, &last, 8);
 	if (ret)
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@
 	const char *series_dir;
 	char *series_dir_buf;
 	FILE *fp;
-	struct argv_array patches = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec patches = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -805,16 +805,16 @@
 		if (*sb.buf == '#')
 			continue; /* skip comment lines */
 
-		argv_array_push(&patches, mkpath("%s/%s", series_dir, sb.buf));
+		strvec_push(&patches, mkpath("%s/%s", series_dir, sb.buf));
 	}
 
 	fclose(fp);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	free(series_dir_buf);
 
-	ret = split_mail_conv(stgit_patch_to_mail, state, patches.argv, keep_cr);
+	ret = split_mail_conv(stgit_patch_to_mail, state, patches.v, keep_cr);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&patches);
+	strvec_clear(&patches);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@
 	}
 	write_state_text(state, "scissors", str);
 
-	sq_quote_argv(&sb, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
+	sq_quote_argv(&sb, state->git_apply_opts.v);
 	write_state_text(state, "apply-opt", sb.buf);
 
 	if (state->rebasing)
@@ -1390,8 +1390,8 @@
  */
 static int run_apply(const struct am_state *state, const char *index_file)
 {
-	struct argv_array apply_paths = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct argv_array apply_opts = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec apply_paths = STRVEC_INIT;
+	struct strvec apply_opts = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct apply_state apply_state;
 	int res, opts_left;
 	int force_apply = 0;
@@ -1400,10 +1400,10 @@
 	if (init_apply_state(&apply_state, the_repository, NULL))
 		BUG("init_apply_state() failed");
 
-	argv_array_push(&apply_opts, "apply");
-	argv_array_pushv(&apply_opts, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
+	strvec_push(&apply_opts, "apply");
+	strvec_pushv(&apply_opts, state->git_apply_opts.v);
 
-	opts_left = apply_parse_options(apply_opts.argc, apply_opts.argv,
+	opts_left = apply_parse_options(apply_opts.nr, apply_opts.v,
 					&apply_state, &force_apply, &options,
 					NULL);
 
@@ -1426,12 +1426,12 @@
 	if (check_apply_state(&apply_state, force_apply))
 		BUG("check_apply_state() failed");
 
-	argv_array_push(&apply_paths, am_path(state, "patch"));
+	strvec_push(&apply_paths, am_path(state, "patch"));
 
-	res = apply_all_patches(&apply_state, apply_paths.argc, apply_paths.argv, options);
+	res = apply_all_patches(&apply_state, apply_paths.nr, apply_paths.v, options);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&apply_paths);
-	argv_array_clear(&apply_opts);
+	strvec_clear(&apply_paths);
+	strvec_clear(&apply_opts);
 	clear_apply_state(&apply_state);
 
 	if (res)
@@ -1454,10 +1454,10 @@
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "apply");
-	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--build-fake-ancestor=%s", index_file);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "apply");
+	strvec_pushv(&cp.args, state->git_apply_opts.v);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--build-fake-ancestor=%s", index_file);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
 
 	if (run_command(&cp))
 		return -1;
@@ -1676,7 +1676,7 @@
 			if (!pager)
 				pager = "cat";
 			prepare_pager_args(&cp, pager);
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
 			run_command(&cp);
 		}
 	}
@@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@
 		if (state.signoff == SIGNOFF_EXPLICIT)
 			am_append_signoff(&state);
 	} else {
-		struct argv_array paths = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec paths = STRVEC_INIT;
 		int i;
 
 		/*
@@ -2371,17 +2371,17 @@
 
 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 			if (is_absolute_path(argv[i]) || !prefix)
-				argv_array_push(&paths, argv[i]);
+				strvec_push(&paths, argv[i]);
 			else
-				argv_array_push(&paths, mkpath("%s/%s", prefix, argv[i]));
+				strvec_push(&paths, mkpath("%s/%s", prefix, argv[i]));
 		}
 
-		if (state.interactive && !paths.argc)
+		if (state.interactive && !paths.nr)
 			die(_("interactive mode requires patches on the command line"));
 
-		am_setup(&state, patch_format, paths.argv, keep_cr);
+		am_setup(&state, patch_format, paths.v, keep_cr);
 
-		argv_array_clear(&paths);
+		strvec_clear(&paths);
 	}
 
 	switch (resume.mode) {
diff --git a/builtin/annotate.c b/builtin/annotate.c
index da413ae..58ff977 100644
--- a/builtin/annotate.c
+++ b/builtin/annotate.c
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@
  */
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int i;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "annotate", "-c", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "annotate", "-c", NULL);
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		argv_array_push(&args, argv[i]);
+		strvec_push(&args, argv[i]);
 	}
 
-	return cmd_blame(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
+	return cmd_blame(args.nr, args.v, prefix);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/bisect--helper.c b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
index 68f8721..cdda279 100644
--- a/builtin/bisect--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "bisect.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "prompt.h"
 #include "quote.h"
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_expected_rev, "BISECT_EXPECTED_REV")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_ancestors_ok, "BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_start, "BISECT_START")
-static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_head, "BISECT_HEAD")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_log, "BISECT_LOG")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_head_name, "head-name")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_names, "BISECT_NAMES")
@@ -165,19 +164,19 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(&branch, commit);
 	}
 
-	if (!file_exists(git_path_bisect_head())) {
-		struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	if (!ref_exists("BISECT_HEAD")) {
+		struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&argv, "checkout", branch.buf, "--", NULL);
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+		strvec_pushl(&argv, "checkout", branch.buf, "--", NULL);
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 			error(_("could not check out original"
 				" HEAD '%s'. Try 'git bisect"
 				" reset <commit>'."), branch.buf);
 			strbuf_release(&branch);
-			argv_array_clear(&argv);
+			strvec_clear(&argv);
 			return -1;
 		}
-		argv_array_clear(&argv);
+		strvec_clear(&argv);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&branch);
@@ -530,11 +529,11 @@
 		strbuf_read_file(&start_head, git_path_bisect_start(), 0);
 		strbuf_trim(&start_head);
 		if (!no_checkout) {
-			struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+			struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-			argv_array_pushl(&argv, "checkout", start_head.buf,
-					 "--", NULL);
-			if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+			strvec_pushl(&argv, "checkout", start_head.buf,
+				     "--", NULL);
+			if (run_command_v_opt(argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 				res = error(_("checking out '%s' failed."
 						 " Try 'git bisect start "
 						 "<valid-branch>'."),
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index 94ef57c..eb513fb 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@
 	const char *contents_from = NULL;
 	const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
-		OPT_BOOL('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Do not show object names of boundary commits (Default: off)")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("Force progress reporting")),
diff --git a/builtin/bundle.c b/builtin/bundle.c
index f049d27..ea69481 100644
--- a/builtin/bundle.c
+++ b/builtin/bundle.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
 static int cmd_bundle_create(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix) {
 	int all_progress_implied = 0;
 	int progress = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
-	struct argv_array pack_opts;
+	struct strvec pack_opts;
+	int version = -1;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_SET_INT('q', "quiet", &progress,
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-progress-implied",
 			 &all_progress_implied,
 			 N_("similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "version", &version,
+			    N_("specify bundle format version")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	const char* bundle_file;
@@ -79,19 +82,19 @@
 			builtin_bundle_create_usage, options, &bundle_file);
 	/* bundle internals use argv[1] as further parameters */
 
-	argv_array_init(&pack_opts);
+	strvec_init(&pack_opts);
 	if (progress == 0)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_opts, "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&pack_opts, "--quiet");
 	else if (progress == 1)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_opts, "--progress");
+		strvec_push(&pack_opts, "--progress");
 	else if (progress == 2)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_opts, "--all-progress");
+		strvec_push(&pack_opts, "--all-progress");
 	if (progress && all_progress_implied)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_opts, "--all-progress-implied");
+		strvec_push(&pack_opts, "--all-progress-implied");
 
 	if (!startup_info->have_repository)
 		die(_("Need a repository to create a bundle."));
-	return !!create_bundle(the_repository, bundle_file, argc, argv, &pack_opts);
+	return !!create_bundle(the_repository, bundle_file, argc, argv, &pack_opts, version);
 }
 
 static int cmd_bundle_verify(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix) {
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
index ea5d0ae..3c65274 100644
--- a/builtin/check-ignore.c
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 	if (!no_index && read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
 	if (stdin_paths) {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
 	}
 
-	clear_directory(&dir);
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 
 	return !num_ignored;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index af849c6..bba6410 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -239,6 +239,8 @@
 	mmbuffer_t result_buf;
 	struct object_id threeway[3];
 	unsigned mode = 0;
+	struct ll_merge_options ll_opts;
+	int renormalize = 0;
 
 	memset(threeway, 0, sizeof(threeway));
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
@@ -259,13 +261,12 @@
 	read_mmblob(&ours, &threeway[1]);
 	read_mmblob(&theirs, &threeway[2]);
 
-	/*
-	 * NEEDSWORK: re-create conflicts from merges with
-	 * merge.renormalize set, too
-	 */
+	memset(&ll_opts, 0, sizeof(ll_opts));
+	git_config_get_bool("merge.renormalize", &renormalize);
+	ll_opts.renormalize = renormalize;
 	status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor, "base",
 			  &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs",
-			  state->istate, NULL);
+			  state->istate, &ll_opts);
 	free(ancestor.ptr);
 	free(ours.ptr);
 	free(theirs.ptr);
@@ -771,13 +772,6 @@
 			 */
 
 			add_files_to_cache(NULL, NULL, 0);
-			/*
-			 * NEEDSWORK: carrying over local changes
-			 * when branches have different end-of-line
-			 * normalization (or clean+smudge rules) is
-			 * a pain; plumb in an option to set
-			 * o.renormalize?
-			 */
 			init_merge_options(&o, the_repository);
 			o.verbosity = 0;
 			work = write_in_core_index_as_tree(the_repository);
@@ -1126,8 +1120,10 @@
 	if (!check_refname_format(new_branch_info->path, 0) &&
 	    !read_ref(new_branch_info->path, &branch_rev))
 		oidcpy(rev, &branch_rev);
-	else
+	else {
+		free((char *)new_branch_info->path);
 		new_branch_info->path = NULL; /* not an existing branch */
+	}
 
 	new_branch_info->commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository, rev, 1);
 	if (!new_branch_info->commit) {
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 5a9c29a..e53ea52 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
 		if (!confirm.len)
 			break;
 
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		dir_init(&dir);
 		pl = add_pattern_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "manual exclude");
 		ignore_list = strbuf_split_max(&confirm, ' ', 0);
 
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@
 		}
 
 		strbuf_list_free(ignore_list);
-		clear_directory(&dir);
+		dir_clear(&dir);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&confirm);
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_clean_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	if (!interactive && !dry_run && !force) {
 		if (config_set)
 			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
@@ -1021,11 +1021,7 @@
 		string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++)
-		free(dir.entries[i]);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++)
-		free(dir.ignored[i]);
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 
 	if (interactive && del_list.nr > 0)
 		interactive_main_loop();
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index bef7074..b087ee4 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -742,9 +742,9 @@
 
 static int git_sparse_checkout_init(const char *repo)
 {
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int result = 0;
-	argv_array_pushl(&argv, "-C", repo, "sparse-checkout", "init", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&argv, "-C", repo, "sparse-checkout", "init", NULL);
 
 	/*
 	 * We must apply the setting in the current process
@@ -752,12 +752,12 @@
 	 */
 	core_apply_sparse_checkout = 1;
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 		error(_("failed to initialize sparse-checkout"));
 		result = 1;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -819,33 +819,33 @@
 			   oid_to_hex(&oid), "1", NULL);
 
 	if (!err && (option_recurse_submodules.nr > 0)) {
-		struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-		argv_array_pushl(&args, "submodule", "update", "--require-init", "--recursive", NULL);
+		struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
+		strvec_pushl(&args, "submodule", "update", "--require-init", "--recursive", NULL);
 
 		if (option_shallow_submodules == 1)
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--depth=1");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--depth=1");
 
 		if (max_jobs != -1)
-			argv_array_pushf(&args, "--jobs=%d", max_jobs);
+			strvec_pushf(&args, "--jobs=%d", max_jobs);
 
 		if (submodule_progress)
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--progress");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--progress");
 
 		if (option_verbosity < 0)
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--quiet");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--quiet");
 
 		if (option_remote_submodules) {
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--remote");
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--no-fetch");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--remote");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--no-fetch");
 		}
 
 		if (option_single_branch >= 0)
-			argv_array_push(&args, option_single_branch ?
+			strvec_push(&args, option_single_branch ?
 					       "--single-branch" :
 					       "--no-single-branch");
 
-		err = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		err = run_command_v_opt(args.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 	}
 
 	return err;
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@
 	int is_bundle = 0, is_local;
 	const char *repo_name, *repo, *work_tree, *git_dir;
 	char *path, *dir, *display_repo = NULL;
-	int dest_exists;
+	int dest_exists, real_dest_exists = 0;
 	const struct ref *refs, *remote_head;
 	const struct ref *remote_head_points_at;
 	const struct ref *our_head_points_at;
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@
 	int err = 0, complete_refs_before_fetch = 1;
 	int submodule_progress;
 
-	struct argv_array ref_prefixes = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec ref_prefixes = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	packet_trace_identity("clone");
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_clone_options,
@@ -1021,6 +1021,14 @@
 		die(_("destination path '%s' already exists and is not "
 			"an empty directory."), dir);
 
+	if (real_git_dir) {
+		real_dest_exists = path_exists(real_git_dir);
+		if (real_dest_exists && !is_empty_dir(real_git_dir))
+			die(_("repository path '%s' already exists and is not "
+				"an empty directory."), real_git_dir);
+	}
+
+
 	strbuf_addf(&reflog_msg, "clone: from %s",
 		    display_repo ? display_repo : repo);
 	free(display_repo);
@@ -1057,7 +1065,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (real_git_dir) {
-		if (path_exists(real_git_dir))
+		if (real_dest_exists)
 			junk_git_dir_flags |= REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL;
 		junk_git_dir = real_git_dir;
 	} else {
@@ -1211,12 +1219,12 @@
 		transport->smart_options->check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 
 
-	argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "HEAD");
+	strvec_push(&ref_prefixes, "HEAD");
 	refspec_ref_prefixes(&remote->fetch, &ref_prefixes);
 	if (option_branch)
 		expand_ref_prefix(&ref_prefixes, option_branch);
 	if (!option_no_tags)
-		argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
+		strvec_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
 
 	refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport, &ref_prefixes);
 
@@ -1327,6 +1335,6 @@
 	strbuf_release(&default_refspec);
 	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_ALL;
 
-	argv_array_clear(&ref_prefixes);
+	strvec_clear(&ref_prefixes);
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/commit-graph.c b/builtin/commit-graph.c
index 16c9f61..523501f 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-graph.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-graph.c
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@
 	};
 
 	opts.progress = isatty(2);
+	opts.enable_changed_paths = -1;
 	split_opts.size_multiple = 2;
 	split_opts.max_commits = 0;
 	split_opts.expire_time = 0;
@@ -221,7 +222,9 @@
 		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT;
 	if (opts.progress)
 		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS;
-	if (opts.enable_changed_paths ||
+	if (!opts.enable_changed_paths)
+		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS;
+	if (opts.enable_changed_paths == 1 ||
 	    git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS, 0))
 		flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS;
 
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index d1b7396..671721c 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -847,21 +847,19 @@
 			if (cleanup_mode == COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_SCISSORS &&
 				!merge_contains_scissors)
 				wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
-			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-			    whence == FROM_MERGE
-				? _("\n"
-					"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
-					"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
-					"	%s\n"
-					"and try again.\n")
-				: _("\n"
-					"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
-					"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
-					"	%s\n"
-					"and try again.\n"),
+			status_printf_ln(
+				s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				whence == FROM_MERGE ?
-					git_path_merge_head(the_repository) :
-					git_path_cherry_pick_head(the_repository));
+					      _("\n"
+					  "It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+					  "If this is not correct, please run\n"
+					  "	git update-ref -d MERGE_HEAD\n"
+					  "and try again.\n") :
+					      _("\n"
+					  "It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+					  "If this is not correct, please run\n"
+					  "	git update-ref -d CHERRY_PICK_HEAD\n"
+					  "and try again.\n"));
 		}
 
 		fprintf(s->fp, "\n");
@@ -1005,15 +1003,15 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	if (use_editor) {
-		struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec env = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-		argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
-		if (launch_editor(git_path_commit_editmsg(), NULL, env.argv)) {
+		strvec_pushf(&env, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+		if (launch_editor(git_path_commit_editmsg(), NULL, env.v)) {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 			_("Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"));
 			exit(1);
 		}
-		argv_array_clear(&env);
+		strvec_clear(&env);
 	}
 
 	if (!no_verify &&
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 21d2cb9..7668591 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
@@ -501,15 +501,15 @@
 static void describe_blob(struct object_id oid, struct strbuf *dst)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct process_commit_data pcd = { null_oid, oid, dst, &revs};
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "internal: The first arg is not parsed",
-		"--objects", "--in-commit-order", "--reverse", "HEAD",
-		NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "internal: The first arg is not parsed",
+		     "--objects", "--in-commit-order", "--reverse", "HEAD",
+		     NULL);
 
 	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, NULL);
-	if (setup_revisions(args.argc, args.argv, &revs, NULL) > 1)
+	if (setup_revisions(args.nr, args.v, &revs, NULL) > 1)
 		BUG("setup_revisions could not handle all args?");
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
@@ -594,26 +594,26 @@
 
 	if (contains) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
-		struct argv_array args;
+		struct strvec args;
 
-		argv_array_init(&args);
-		argv_array_pushl(&args, "name-rev",
-				 "--peel-tag", "--name-only", "--no-undefined",
-				 NULL);
+		strvec_init(&args);
+		strvec_pushl(&args, "name-rev",
+			     "--peel-tag", "--name-only", "--no-undefined",
+			     NULL);
 		if (always)
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--always");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--always");
 		if (!all) {
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--tags");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--tags");
 			for_each_string_list_item(item, &patterns)
-				argv_array_pushf(&args, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", item->string);
+				strvec_pushf(&args, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", item->string);
 			for_each_string_list_item(item, &exclude_patterns)
-				argv_array_pushf(&args, "--exclude=refs/tags/%s", item->string);
+				strvec_pushf(&args, "--exclude=refs/tags/%s", item->string);
 		}
 		if (argc)
-			argv_array_pushv(&args, argv);
+			strvec_pushv(&args, argv);
 		else
-			argv_array_push(&args, "HEAD");
-		return cmd_name_rev(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
+			strvec_push(&args, "HEAD");
+		return cmd_name_rev(args.nr, args.v, prefix);
 	}
 
 	hashmap_init(&names, commit_name_neq, NULL, 0);
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
 	if (argc == 0) {
 		if (broken) {
 			struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-			argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, diff_index_args);
+			strvec_pushv(&cp.args, diff_index_args);
 			cp.git_cmd = 1;
 			cp.no_stdin = 1;
 			cp.no_stdout = 1;
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
 		} else if (dirty) {
 			struct lock_file index_lock = LOCK_INIT;
 			struct rev_info revs;
-			struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+			struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 			int fd, result;
 
 			setup_work_tree();
@@ -658,8 +658,8 @@
 				repo_update_index_if_able(the_repository, &index_lock);
 
 			repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, prefix);
-			argv_array_pushv(&args, diff_index_args);
-			if (setup_revisions(args.argc, args.argv, &revs, NULL) != 1)
+			strvec_pushv(&args, diff_index_args);
+			if (setup_revisions(args.nr, args.v, &revs, NULL) != 1)
 				BUG("malformed internal diff-index command line");
 			result = run_diff_index(&revs, 0);
 
diff --git a/builtin/difftool.c b/builtin/difftool.c
index c280e68..7ac432b 100644
--- a/builtin/difftool.c
+++ b/builtin/difftool.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "exec-cmd.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "lockfile.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
@@ -210,10 +210,10 @@
 	strbuf_addf(&index_env, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_path);
 	env[0] = index_env.buf;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&update_index.args,
-			 "--git-dir", git_dir, "--work-tree", workdir,
-			 "update-index", "--really-refresh", "-q",
-			 "--unmerged", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&update_index.args,
+		     "--git-dir", git_dir, "--work-tree", workdir,
+		     "update-index", "--really-refresh", "-q",
+		     "--unmerged", NULL);
 	update_index.no_stdin = 1;
 	update_index.no_stdout = 1;
 	update_index.no_stderr = 1;
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@
 	/* Ignore any errors of update-index */
 	run_command(&update_index);
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&diff_files.args,
-			 "--git-dir", git_dir, "--work-tree", workdir,
-			 "diff-files", "--name-only", "-z", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&diff_files.args,
+		     "--git-dir", git_dir, "--work-tree", workdir,
+		     "diff-files", "--name-only", "-z", NULL);
 	diff_files.no_stdin = 1;
 	diff_files.git_cmd = 1;
 	diff_files.use_shell = 0;
@@ -393,10 +393,10 @@
 	child.clean_on_exit = 1;
 	child.dir = prefix;
 	child.out = -1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&child.args, "diff", "--raw", "--no-abbrev", "-z",
-			 NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&child.args, "diff", "--raw", "--no-abbrev", "-z",
+		     NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, argv[i]);
+		strvec_push(&child.args, argv[i]);
 	if (start_command(&child))
 		die("could not obtain raw diff");
 	fp = xfdopen(child.out, "r");
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
 static int run_file_diff(int prompt, const char *prefix,
 			 int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char *env[] = {
 		"GIT_PAGER=", "GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=git-difftool--helper", NULL,
 		NULL
@@ -680,10 +680,10 @@
 		env[2] = "GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true";
 
 
-	argv_array_push(&args, "diff");
+	strvec_push(&args, "diff");
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&args, argv[i]);
-	ret = run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD, prefix, env);
+		strvec_push(&args, argv[i]);
+	ret = run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args.v, RUN_GIT_CMD, prefix, env);
 	exit(ret);
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 82ac4be..0f23dd4 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "connected.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "list-objects-filter-options.h"
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #define PRUNE_TAGS_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune tags by default? */
 
 static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok;
+static int write_fetch_head = 1;
 static int verbosity, deepen_relative, set_upstream;
 static int progress = -1;
 static int enable_auto_gc = 1;
@@ -162,6 +163,8 @@
 		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_fetch_parse_recurse_submodules),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
 		 N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "write-fetch-head", &write_fetch_head,
+		 N_("write fetched references to the FETCH_HEAD file")),
 	OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
 	OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
 		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
@@ -645,7 +648,7 @@
 	struct ref *rm;
 	const char *format = "full";
 
-	git_config_get_string_const("fetch.output", &format);
+	git_config_get_string_tmp("fetch.output", &format);
 	if (!strcasecmp(format, "full"))
 		compact_format = 0;
 	else if (!strcasecmp(format, "compact"))
@@ -893,7 +896,9 @@
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	char *url;
-	const char *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path_fetch_head(the_repository);
+	const char *filename = (!write_fetch_head
+				? "/dev/null"
+				: git_path_fetch_head(the_repository));
 	int want_status;
 	int summary_width = transport_summary_width(ref_map);
 
@@ -1316,7 +1321,7 @@
 	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
 	int retcode = 0;
 	const struct ref *remote_refs;
-	struct argv_array ref_prefixes = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec ref_prefixes = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int must_list_refs = 1;
 
 	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
@@ -1327,7 +1332,7 @@
 	}
 
 	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
-	if (!append && !dry_run) {
+	if (!append && write_fetch_head) {
 		retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
 		if (retcode)
 			goto cleanup;
@@ -1354,8 +1359,8 @@
 
 	if (tags == TAGS_SET || tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
 		must_list_refs = 1;
-		if (ref_prefixes.argc)
-			argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
+		if (ref_prefixes.nr)
+			strvec_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
 	}
 
 	if (must_list_refs) {
@@ -1365,7 +1370,7 @@
 	} else
 		remote_refs = NULL;
 
-	argv_array_clear(&ref_prefixes);
+	strvec_clear(&ref_prefixes);
 
 	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport->remote, remote_refs, rs,
 			      tags, &autotags);
@@ -1503,34 +1508,34 @@
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void add_options_to_argv(struct argv_array *argv)
+static void add_options_to_argv(struct strvec *argv)
 {
 	if (dry_run)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--dry-run");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--dry-run");
 	if (prune != -1)
-		argv_array_push(argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
+		strvec_push(argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
 	if (prune_tags != -1)
-		argv_array_push(argv, prune_tags ? "--prune-tags" : "--no-prune-tags");
+		strvec_push(argv, prune_tags ? "--prune-tags" : "--no-prune-tags");
 	if (update_head_ok)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
 	if (force)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--force");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--force");
 	if (keep)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--keep");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--keep");
 	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
 	else if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
 	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--tags");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--tags");
 	else if (tags == TAGS_UNSET)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "--no-tags");
+		strvec_push(argv, "--no-tags");
 	if (verbosity >= 2)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
+		strvec_push(argv, "-v");
 	if (verbosity >= 1)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
+		strvec_push(argv, "-v");
 	else if (verbosity < 0)
-		argv_array_push(argv, "-q");
+		strvec_push(argv, "-q");
 
 }
 
@@ -1554,8 +1559,8 @@
 	remote = state->remotes->items[state->next++].string;
 	*task_cb = remote;
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, state->argv);
-	argv_array_push(&cp->args, remote);
+	strvec_pushv(&cp->args, state->argv);
+	strvec_push(&cp->args, remote);
 	cp->git_cmd = 1;
 
 	if (verbosity >= 0)
@@ -1592,22 +1597,22 @@
 static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list, int max_children)
 {
 	int i, result = 0;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-	if (!append && !dry_run) {
+	if (!append && write_fetch_head) {
 		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
 		if (errcode)
 			return errcode;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&argv, "fetch", "--append", "--no-auto-gc",
-			"--no-write-commit-graph", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&argv, "fetch", "--append", "--no-auto-gc",
+		     "--no-write-commit-graph", NULL);
 	add_options_to_argv(&argv);
 
 	if (max_children != 1 && list->nr != 1) {
-		struct parallel_fetch_state state = { argv.argv, list, 0, 0 };
+		struct parallel_fetch_state state = { argv.v, list, 0, 0 };
 
-		argv_array_push(&argv, "--end-of-options");
+		strvec_push(&argv, "--end-of-options");
 		result = run_processes_parallel_tr2(max_children,
 						    &fetch_next_remote,
 						    &fetch_failed_to_start,
@@ -1620,17 +1625,17 @@
 	} else
 		for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
 			const char *name = list->items[i].string;
-			argv_array_push(&argv, name);
+			strvec_push(&argv, name);
 			if (verbosity >= 0)
 				printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), name);
-			if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+			if (run_command_v_opt(argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 				error(_("Could not fetch %s"), name);
 				result = 1;
 			}
-			argv_array_pop(&argv);
+			strvec_pop(&argv);
 		}
 
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 	return !!result;
 }
 
@@ -1795,6 +1800,10 @@
 	if (depth || deepen_since || deepen_not.nr)
 		deepen = 1;
 
+	/* FETCH_HEAD never gets updated in --dry-run mode */
+	if (dry_run)
+		write_fetch_head = 0;
+
 	if (all) {
 		if (argc == 1)
 			die(_("fetch --all does not take a repository argument"));
@@ -1844,7 +1853,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (!result && (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
-		struct argv_array options = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec options = STRVEC_INIT;
 		int max_children = max_jobs;
 
 		if (max_children < 0)
@@ -1860,7 +1869,7 @@
 						    recurse_submodules_default,
 						    verbosity < 0,
 						    max_children);
-		argv_array_clear(&options);
+		strvec_clear(&options);
 	}
 
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 37aa07d..fbf26ca 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
-		if (parent && !has_object_file(&obj->oid)) {
+		if (parent && !has_object(the_repository, &obj->oid, 1)) {
 			printf_ln(_("broken link from %7s %s\n"
 				    "              to %7s %s"),
 				  printable_type(&parent->oid, parent->type),
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 8e0b9cf..aafa094 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "commit-graph.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@
 static unsigned long big_pack_threshold;
 static unsigned long max_delta_cache_size = DEFAULT_DELTA_CACHE_SIZE;
 
-static struct argv_array pack_refs_cmd = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-static struct argv_array reflog = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-static struct argv_array repack = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-static struct argv_array prune = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-static struct argv_array prune_worktrees = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-static struct argv_array rerere = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct strvec pack_refs_cmd = STRVEC_INIT;
+static struct strvec reflog = STRVEC_INIT;
+static struct strvec repack = STRVEC_INIT;
+static struct strvec prune = STRVEC_INIT;
+static struct strvec prune_worktrees = STRVEC_INIT;
+static struct strvec rerere = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 static struct tempfile *pidfile;
 static struct lock_file log_lock;
@@ -311,18 +311,18 @@
 
 static int keep_one_pack(struct string_list_item *item, void *data)
 {
-	argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--keep-pack=%s", basename(item->string));
+	strvec_pushf(&repack, "--keep-pack=%s", basename(item->string));
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void add_repack_all_option(struct string_list *keep_pack)
 {
 	if (prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now"))
-		argv_array_push(&repack, "-a");
+		strvec_push(&repack, "-a");
 	else {
-		argv_array_push(&repack, "-A");
+		strvec_push(&repack, "-A");
 		if (prune_expire)
-			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--unpack-unreachable=%s", prune_expire);
+			strvec_pushf(&repack, "--unpack-unreachable=%s", prune_expire);
 	}
 
 	if (keep_pack)
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
 
 static void add_repack_incremental_option(void)
 {
-	argv_array_push(&repack, "--no-write-bitmap-index");
+	strvec_push(&repack, "--no-write-bitmap-index");
 }
 
 static int need_to_gc(void)
@@ -514,11 +514,11 @@
 	if (done++)
 		return;
 
-	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		die(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.argv[0]);
+	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.v, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		die(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.v[0]);
 
-	if (prune_reflogs && run_command_v_opt(reflog.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		die(FAILED_RUN, reflog.argv[0]);
+	if (prune_reflogs && run_command_v_opt(reflog.v, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		die(FAILED_RUN, reflog.v[0]);
 }
 
 int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -552,12 +552,12 @@
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&pack_refs_cmd, "pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&reflog, "reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&repack, "repack", "-d", "-l", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&prune, "prune", "--expire", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&prune_worktrees, "worktree", "prune", "--expire", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&rerere, "rerere", "gc", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&pack_refs_cmd, "pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&reflog, "reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&repack, "repack", "-d", "-l", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&prune, "prune", "--expire", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&prune_worktrees, "worktree", "prune", "--expire", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&rerere, "rerere", "gc", NULL);
 
 	/* default expiry time, overwritten in gc_config */
 	gc_config();
@@ -576,14 +576,14 @@
 		die(_("failed to parse prune expiry value %s"), prune_expire);
 
 	if (aggressive) {
-		argv_array_push(&repack, "-f");
+		strvec_push(&repack, "-f");
 		if (aggressive_depth > 0)
-			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--depth=%d", aggressive_depth);
+			strvec_pushf(&repack, "--depth=%d", aggressive_depth);
 		if (aggressive_window > 0)
-			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
+			strvec_pushf(&repack, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
 	}
 	if (quiet)
-		argv_array_push(&repack, "-q");
+		strvec_push(&repack, "-q");
 
 	if (auto_gc) {
 		/*
@@ -653,29 +653,29 @@
 
 	if (!repository_format_precious_objects) {
 		close_object_store(the_repository->objects);
-		if (run_command_v_opt(repack.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-			die(FAILED_RUN, repack.argv[0]);
+		if (run_command_v_opt(repack.v, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+			die(FAILED_RUN, repack.v[0]);
 
 		if (prune_expire) {
-			argv_array_push(&prune, prune_expire);
+			strvec_push(&prune, prune_expire);
 			if (quiet)
-				argv_array_push(&prune, "--no-progress");
+				strvec_push(&prune, "--no-progress");
 			if (has_promisor_remote())
-				argv_array_push(&prune,
-						"--exclude-promisor-objects");
-			if (run_command_v_opt(prune.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-				die(FAILED_RUN, prune.argv[0]);
+				strvec_push(&prune,
+					    "--exclude-promisor-objects");
+			if (run_command_v_opt(prune.v, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+				die(FAILED_RUN, prune.v[0]);
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (prune_worktrees_expire) {
-		argv_array_push(&prune_worktrees, prune_worktrees_expire);
-		if (run_command_v_opt(prune_worktrees.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-			die(FAILED_RUN, prune_worktrees.argv[0]);
+		strvec_push(&prune_worktrees, prune_worktrees_expire);
+		if (run_command_v_opt(prune_worktrees.v, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+			die(FAILED_RUN, prune_worktrees.v[0]);
 	}
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(rerere.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		die(FAILED_RUN, rerere.argv[0]);
+	if (run_command_v_opt(rerere.v, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		die(FAILED_RUN, rerere.v[0]);
 
 	report_garbage = report_pack_garbage;
 	reprepare_packed_git(the_repository);
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index a5056f3..f58979b 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
 	int i, status;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < path_list->nr; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, path_list->items[i].string);
+		strvec_push(&child.args, path_list->items[i].string);
 	child.dir = prefix;
 	child.use_shell = 1;
 
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
 		struct strbuf base = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		obj_read_lock();
-		object = parse_object_or_die(oid, oid_to_hex(oid));
+		object = parse_object_or_die(oid, NULL);
 		obj_read_unlock();
 		data = read_object_with_reference(&subrepo,
 						  &object->oid, tree_type,
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	int i, hit = 0;
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	if (!use_index)
 		dir.flags |= DIR_NO_GITLINKS;
 	if (exc_std)
@@ -705,6 +705,7 @@
 		if (hit && opt->status_only)
 			break;
 	}
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 	return hit;
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/help.c b/builtin/help.c
index 299206e..bb339f0 100644
--- a/builtin/help.c
+++ b/builtin/help.c
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (show_guides)
-		list_common_guides_help();
+		list_guides_help();
 
 	if (show_all || show_guides) {
 		printf("%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index f865666..9721bf1 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -1798,9 +1798,22 @@
 
 	if (HAVE_THREADS && !nr_threads) {
 		nr_threads = online_cpus();
-		/* An experiment showed that more threads does not mean faster */
-		if (nr_threads > 3)
-			nr_threads = 3;
+		/*
+		 * Experiments show that going above 20 threads doesn't help,
+		 * no matter how many cores you have. Below that, we tend to
+		 * max at half the number of online_cpus(), presumably because
+		 * half of those are hyperthreads rather than full cores. We'll
+		 * never reduce the level below "3", though, to match a
+		 * historical value that nobody complained about.
+		 */
+		if (nr_threads < 4)
+			; /* too few cores to consider capping */
+		else if (nr_threads < 6)
+			nr_threads = 3; /* historic cap */
+		else if (nr_threads < 40)
+			nr_threads /= 2;
+		else
+			nr_threads = 20; /* hard cap */
 	}
 
 	curr_pack = open_pack_file(pack_name);
diff --git a/builtin/init-db.c b/builtin/init-db.c
index cee6482..bbc9bc7 100644
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -183,11 +183,6 @@
 	char repo_version_string[10];
 	int repo_version = GIT_REPO_VERSION;
 
-#ifndef ENABLE_SHA256
-	if (hash_algo != GIT_HASH_SHA1)
-		die(_("The hash algorithm %s is not supported in this build."), hash_algos[hash_algo].name);
-#endif
-
 	if (hash_algo != GIT_HASH_SHA1)
 		repo_version = GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ;
 
@@ -568,6 +563,9 @@
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, init_db_options, init_db_usage, 0);
 
+	if (real_git_dir && is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
+		die(_("--separate-git-dir and --bare are mutually exclusive"));
+
 	if (real_git_dir && !is_absolute_path(real_git_dir))
 		real_git_dir = real_pathdup(real_git_dir, 1);
 
@@ -663,6 +661,8 @@
 				   get_git_work_tree());
 	}
 	else {
+		if (real_git_dir)
+			die(_("--separate-git-dir incompatible with bare repository"));
 		if (work_tree)
 			set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index d104d5c..b58f8da 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -599,8 +599,8 @@
 static void show_setup_revisions_tweak(struct rev_info *rev,
 				       struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
-	if (rev->ignore_merges) {
-		/* There was no "-m" on the command line */
+	if (rev->ignore_merges < 0) {
+		/* There was no "-m" variant on the command line */
 		rev->ignore_merges = 0;
 		if (!rev->first_parent_only && !rev->combine_merges) {
 			/* No "--first-parent", "-c", or "--cc" */
@@ -732,8 +732,7 @@
 	if (!rev->diffopt.output_format && rev->combine_merges)
 		rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 
-	/* Turn -m on when --cc/-c was given */
-	if (rev->combine_merges)
+	if (rev->first_parent_only && rev->ignore_merges < 0)
 		rev->ignore_merges = 0;
 }
 
@@ -1128,18 +1127,18 @@
 
 static int get_notes_refs(struct string_list_item *item, void *arg)
 {
-	argv_array_pushf(arg, "--notes=%s", item->string);
+	strvec_pushf(arg, "--notes=%s", item->string);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void get_notes_args(struct argv_array *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
+static void get_notes_args(struct strvec *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	if (!rev->show_notes) {
-		argv_array_push(arg, "--no-notes");
+		strvec_push(arg, "--no-notes");
 	} else if (rev->notes_opt.use_default_notes > 0 ||
 		   (rev->notes_opt.use_default_notes == -1 &&
 		    !rev->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs.nr)) {
-		argv_array_push(arg, "--notes");
+		strvec_push(arg, "--notes");
 	} else {
 		for_each_string_list(&rev->notes_opt.extra_notes_refs, get_notes_refs, arg);
 	}
@@ -1217,7 +1216,7 @@
 		 * can be added later if deemed desirable.
 		 */
 		struct diff_options opts;
-		struct argv_array other_arg = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec other_arg = STRVEC_INIT;
 		diff_setup(&opts);
 		opts.file = rev->diffopt.file;
 		opts.use_color = rev->diffopt.use_color;
@@ -1226,7 +1225,7 @@
 		get_notes_args(&other_arg, rev);
 		show_range_diff(rev->rdiff1, rev->rdiff2,
 				rev->creation_factor, 1, &opts, &other_arg);
-		argv_array_clear(&other_arg);
+		strvec_clear(&other_arg);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 30a4c10..c8eae89 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(ls_files_usage, builtin_ls_files_options);
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	prefix = cmd_prefix;
 	if (prefix)
 		prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
@@ -688,6 +688,6 @@
 		return bad ? 1 : 0;
 	}
 
-	UNLEAK(dir);
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/ls-remote.c b/builtin/ls-remote.c
index 3a4dd12..092917e 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-remote.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-remote.c
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 	int show_symref_target = 0;
 	const char *uploadpack = NULL;
 	const char **pattern = NULL;
-	struct argv_array ref_prefixes = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec ref_prefixes = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int i;
 	struct string_list server_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 	dest = argv[0];
 
+	UNLEAK(sorting);
+
 	if (argc > 1) {
 		int i;
 		pattern = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(const char *));
@@ -92,9 +94,9 @@
 	}
 
 	if (flags & REF_TAGS)
-		argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
+		strvec_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/tags/");
 	if (flags & REF_HEADS)
-		argv_array_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/heads/");
+		strvec_push(&ref_prefixes, "refs/heads/");
 
 	remote = remote_get(dest);
 	if (!remote) {
@@ -107,7 +109,6 @@
 
 	if (get_url) {
 		printf("%s\n", *remote->url);
-		UNLEAK(sorting);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -122,10 +123,8 @@
 		int hash_algo = hash_algo_by_ptr(transport_get_hash_algo(transport));
 		repo_set_hash_algo(the_repository, hash_algo);
 	}
-	if (transport_disconnect(transport)) {
-		UNLEAK(sorting);
+	if (transport_disconnect(transport))
 		return 1;
-	}
 
 	if (!dest && !quiet)
 		fprintf(stderr, "From %s\n", *remote->url);
@@ -150,7 +149,6 @@
 		status = 0; /* we found something */
 	}
 
-	UNLEAK(sorting);
 	ref_array_clear(&ref_array);
 	return status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index 7da707b..b9a89ba 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@
 static size_t xopts_nr, xopts_alloc;
 static const char *branch;
 static char *branch_mergeoptions;
-static int option_renormalize;
 static int verbosity;
 static int allow_rerere_auto;
 static int abort_current_merge;
@@ -621,8 +620,6 @@
 		return git_config_string(&pull_octopus, k, v);
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup"))
 		return git_config_string(&cleanup_arg, k, v);
-	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.renormalize"))
-		option_renormalize = git_config_bool(k, v);
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.ff")) {
 		int boolval = git_parse_maybe_bool(v);
 		if (0 <= boolval) {
@@ -721,7 +718,6 @@
 		if (!strcmp(strategy, "subtree"))
 			o.subtree_shift = "";
 
-		o.renormalize = option_renormalize;
 		o.show_rename_progress =
 			show_progress == -1 ? isatty(2) : show_progress;
 
@@ -1352,7 +1348,7 @@
 		else
 			die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."));
 	}
-	if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(the_repository))) {
+	if (ref_exists("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) {
 		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 			die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
 			    "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index be15ba7..7dac714 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@
 	struct stat st;
 	struct string_list src_for_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct lock_file lock_file = LOCK_INIT;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -220,9 +221,11 @@
 				}
 				argc += last - first;
 			}
-		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
+		} else if (!(ce = cache_file_exists(src, length, ignore_case))) {
 			bad = _("not under version control");
-		else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0 &&
+		} else if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			bad = _("conflicted");
+		} else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0 &&
 			 (!ignore_case || strcasecmp(src, dst))) {
 			bad = _("destination exists");
 			if (force) {
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index a9dcd25..725dd04 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
 	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0, peel_tag = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP, STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP };
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only ref-based names (no object names)")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
 		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "refs", &data.ref_filters, N_("pattern"),
 				   N_("only use refs matching <pattern>")),
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 7016b28..5617c01 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "delta-islands.h"
 #include "reachable.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "list.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "midx.h"
 #include "trace2.h"
 #include "shallow.h"
+#include "promisor-remote.h"
 
 #define IN_PACK(obj) oe_in_pack(&to_pack, obj)
 #define SIZE(obj) oe_size(&to_pack, obj)
@@ -1704,9 +1705,30 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_object(struct object_entry *entry)
+static void prefetch_to_pack(uint32_t object_index_start) {
+	struct oid_array to_fetch = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	for (i = object_index_start; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = to_pack.objects + i;
+
+		if (!oid_object_info_extended(the_repository,
+					      &entry->idx.oid,
+					      NULL,
+					      OBJECT_INFO_FOR_PREFETCH))
+			continue;
+		oid_array_append(&to_fetch, &entry->idx.oid);
+	}
+	promisor_remote_get_direct(the_repository,
+				   to_fetch.oid, to_fetch.nr);
+	oid_array_clear(&to_fetch);
+}
+
+static void check_object(struct object_entry *entry, uint32_t object_index)
 {
 	unsigned long canonical_size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct object_info oi = {.typep = &type, .sizep = &canonical_size};
 
 	if (IN_PACK(entry)) {
 		struct packed_git *p = IN_PACK(entry);
@@ -1840,8 +1862,18 @@
 		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	}
 
-	oe_set_type(entry,
-		    oid_object_info(the_repository, &entry->idx.oid, &canonical_size));
+	if (oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &entry->idx.oid, &oi,
+				     OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT | OBJECT_INFO_LOOKUP_REPLACE) < 0) {
+		if (has_promisor_remote()) {
+			prefetch_to_pack(object_index);
+			if (oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &entry->idx.oid, &oi,
+						     OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT | OBJECT_INFO_LOOKUP_REPLACE) < 0)
+				type = -1;
+		} else {
+			type = -1;
+		}
+	}
+	oe_set_type(entry, type);
 	if (entry->type_valid) {
 		SET_SIZE(entry, canonical_size);
 	} else {
@@ -2061,7 +2093,7 @@
 
 	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *entry = sorted_by_offset[i];
-		check_object(entry);
+		check_object(entry, i);
 		if (entry->type_valid &&
 		    oe_size_greater_than(&to_pack, entry, big_file_threshold))
 			entry->no_try_delta = 1;
@@ -3016,7 +3048,7 @@
 	 * Quietly ignore ALL missing objects.  This avoids problems with
 	 * staging them now and getting an odd error later.
 	 */
-	if (!has_object_file(&obj->oid))
+	if (!has_object(the_repository, &obj->oid, 0))
 		return;
 
 	show_object(obj, name, data);
@@ -3030,7 +3062,7 @@
 	 * Quietly ignore EXPECTED missing objects.  This avoids problems with
 	 * staging them now and getting an odd error later.
 	 */
-	if (!has_object_file(&obj->oid) && is_promisor_object(&obj->oid))
+	if (!has_object(the_repository, &obj->oid, 0) && is_promisor_object(&obj->oid))
 		return;
 
 	show_object(obj, name, data);
@@ -3325,7 +3357,7 @@
 			if (starts_with(line, "--shallow ")) {
 				struct object_id oid;
 				if (get_oid_hex(line + 10, &oid))
-					die("not an SHA-1 '%s'", line + 10);
+					die("not an object name '%s'", line + 10);
 				register_shallow(the_repository, &oid);
 				use_bitmap_index = 0;
 				continue;
@@ -3439,7 +3471,7 @@
 	int use_internal_rev_list = 0;
 	int shallow = 0;
 	int all_progress_implied = 0;
-	struct argv_array rp = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec rp = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int rev_list_unpacked = 0, rev_list_all = 0, rev_list_reflog = 0;
 	int rev_list_index = 0;
 	struct string_list keep_pack_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
@@ -3575,36 +3607,36 @@
 		cache_max_small_delta_size = (1U << OE_Z_DELTA_BITS) - 1;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_push(&rp, "pack-objects");
+	strvec_push(&rp, "pack-objects");
 	if (thin) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&rp, shallow
+		strvec_push(&rp, shallow
 				? "--objects-edge-aggressive"
 				: "--objects-edge");
 	} else
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--objects");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--objects");
 
 	if (rev_list_all) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--all");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--all");
 	}
 	if (rev_list_reflog) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--reflog");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--reflog");
 	}
 	if (rev_list_index) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--indexed-objects");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--indexed-objects");
 	}
 	if (rev_list_unpacked) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--unpacked");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--unpacked");
 	}
 
 	if (exclude_promisor_objects) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
 		fetch_if_missing = 0;
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--exclude-promisor-objects");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--exclude-promisor-objects");
 	}
 	if (unpack_unreachable || keep_unreachable || pack_loose_unreachable)
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
@@ -3666,7 +3698,7 @@
 		write_bitmap_index = 0;
 
 	if (use_delta_islands)
-		argv_array_push(&rp, "--topo-order");
+		strvec_push(&rp, "--topo-order");
 
 	if (progress && all_progress_implied)
 		progress = 2;
@@ -3704,8 +3736,8 @@
 	if (!use_internal_rev_list)
 		read_object_list_from_stdin();
 	else {
-		get_object_list(rp.argc, rp.argv);
-		argv_array_clear(&rp);
+		get_object_list(rp.nr, rp.v);
+		strvec_clear(&rp);
 	}
 	cleanup_preferred_base();
 	if (include_tag && nr_result)
diff --git a/builtin/pull.c b/builtin/pull.c
index 8159c5d..015f6de 100644
--- a/builtin/pull.c
+++ b/builtin/pull.c
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@
 static int opt_autostash = -1;
 static int config_autostash;
 static int check_trust_level = 1;
-static struct argv_array opt_strategies = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-static struct argv_array opt_strategy_opts = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct strvec opt_strategies = STRVEC_INIT;
+static struct strvec opt_strategy_opts = STRVEC_INIT;
 static char *opt_gpg_sign;
 static int opt_allow_unrelated_histories;
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 static char *opt_ipv6;
 static int opt_show_forced_updates = -1;
 static char *set_upstream;
-static struct argv_array opt_fetch = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct strvec opt_fetch = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 static struct option pull_options[] = {
 	/* Shared options */
@@ -251,25 +251,25 @@
 /**
  * Pushes "-q" or "-v" switches into arr to match the opt_verbosity level.
  */
-static void argv_push_verbosity(struct argv_array *arr)
+static void argv_push_verbosity(struct strvec *arr)
 {
 	int verbosity;
 
 	for (verbosity = opt_verbosity; verbosity > 0; verbosity--)
-		argv_array_push(arr, "-v");
+		strvec_push(arr, "-v");
 
 	for (verbosity = opt_verbosity; verbosity < 0; verbosity++)
-		argv_array_push(arr, "-q");
+		strvec_push(arr, "-q");
 }
 
 /**
  * Pushes "-f" switches into arr to match the opt_force level.
  */
-static void argv_push_force(struct argv_array *arr)
+static void argv_push_force(struct strvec *arr)
 {
 	int force = opt_force;
 	while (force-- > 0)
-		argv_array_push(arr, "-f");
+		strvec_push(arr, "-f");
 }
 
 /**
@@ -524,75 +524,75 @@
  */
 static int run_fetch(const char *repo, const char **refspecs)
 {
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "fetch", "--update-head-ok", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "fetch", "--update-head-ok", NULL);
 
 	/* Shared options */
 	argv_push_verbosity(&args);
 	if (opt_progress)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_progress);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_progress);
 
 	/* Options passed to git-fetch */
 	if (opt_all)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_all);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_all);
 	if (opt_append)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_append);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_append);
 	if (opt_upload_pack)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_upload_pack);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_upload_pack);
 	argv_push_force(&args);
 	if (opt_tags)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_tags);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_tags);
 	if (opt_prune)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_prune);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_prune);
 	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT)
 		switch (recurse_submodules) {
 		case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON:
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--recurse-submodules=on");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--recurse-submodules=on");
 			break;
 		case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF:
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--recurse-submodules=no");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--recurse-submodules=no");
 			break;
 		case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND:
-			argv_array_push(&args, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
+			strvec_push(&args, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
 			break;
 		default:
 			BUG("submodule recursion option not understood");
 		}
 	if (max_children)
-		argv_array_push(&args, max_children);
+		strvec_push(&args, max_children);
 	if (opt_dry_run)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--dry-run");
 	if (opt_keep)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_keep);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_keep);
 	if (opt_depth)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_depth);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_depth);
 	if (opt_unshallow)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_unshallow);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_unshallow);
 	if (opt_update_shallow)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_update_shallow);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_update_shallow);
 	if (opt_refmap)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_refmap);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_refmap);
 	if (opt_ipv4)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_ipv4);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_ipv4);
 	if (opt_ipv6)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_ipv6);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_ipv6);
 	if (opt_show_forced_updates > 0)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--show-forced-updates");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--show-forced-updates");
 	else if (opt_show_forced_updates == 0)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-show-forced-updates");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--no-show-forced-updates");
 	if (set_upstream)
-		argv_array_push(&args, set_upstream);
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_fetch.argv);
+		strvec_push(&args, set_upstream);
+	strvec_pushv(&args, opt_fetch.v);
 
 	if (repo) {
-		argv_array_push(&args, repo);
-		argv_array_pushv(&args, refspecs);
+		strvec_push(&args, repo);
+		strvec_pushv(&args, refspecs);
 	} else if (*refspecs)
 		BUG("refspecs without repo?");
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -637,8 +637,8 @@
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "submodule", "update",
-				   "--recursive", "--rebase", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "submodule", "update",
+		     "--recursive", "--rebase", NULL);
 	argv_push_verbosity(&cp.args);
 
 	return run_command(&cp);
@@ -650,8 +650,8 @@
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "submodule", "update",
-				   "--recursive", "--checkout", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "submodule", "update",
+		     "--recursive", "--checkout", NULL);
 	argv_push_verbosity(&cp.args);
 
 	return run_command(&cp);
@@ -663,48 +663,48 @@
 static int run_merge(void)
 {
 	int ret;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "merge", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "merge", NULL);
 
 	/* Shared options */
 	argv_push_verbosity(&args);
 	if (opt_progress)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_progress);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_progress);
 
 	/* Options passed to git-merge */
 	if (opt_diffstat)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_diffstat);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_diffstat);
 	if (opt_log)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_log);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_log);
 	if (opt_signoff)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_signoff);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_signoff);
 	if (opt_squash)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_squash);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_squash);
 	if (opt_commit)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_commit);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_commit);
 	if (opt_edit)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_edit);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_edit);
 	if (cleanup_arg)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--cleanup=%s", cleanup_arg);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--cleanup=%s", cleanup_arg);
 	if (opt_ff)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_ff);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_ff);
 	if (opt_verify_signatures)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_verify_signatures);
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategies.argv);
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategy_opts.argv);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_verify_signatures);
+	strvec_pushv(&args, opt_strategies.v);
+	strvec_pushv(&args, opt_strategy_opts.v);
 	if (opt_gpg_sign)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_gpg_sign);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_gpg_sign);
 	if (opt_autostash == 0)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-autostash");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--no-autostash");
 	else if (opt_autostash == 1)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--autostash");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--autostash");
 	if (opt_allow_unrelated_histories > 0)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--allow-unrelated-histories");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--allow-unrelated-histories");
 
-	argv_array_push(&args, "FETCH_HEAD");
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_push(&args, "FETCH_HEAD");
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -801,8 +801,8 @@
 	if (!remote_branch)
 		return -1;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "merge-base", "--fork-point",
-			remote_branch, curr_branch->name, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "merge-base", "--fork-point",
+		     remote_branch, curr_branch->name, NULL);
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 	cp.no_stderr = 1;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -862,48 +862,48 @@
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct object_id oct_merge_base;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	if (!get_octopus_merge_base(&oct_merge_base, curr_head, merge_head, fork_point))
 		if (!is_null_oid(fork_point) && oideq(&oct_merge_base, fork_point))
 			fork_point = NULL;
 
-	argv_array_push(&args, "rebase");
+	strvec_push(&args, "rebase");
 
 	/* Shared options */
 	argv_push_verbosity(&args);
 
 	/* Options passed to git-rebase */
 	if (opt_rebase == REBASE_MERGES)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--rebase-merges");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--rebase-merges");
 	else if (opt_rebase == REBASE_PRESERVE)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--preserve-merges");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--preserve-merges");
 	else if (opt_rebase == REBASE_INTERACTIVE)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--interactive");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--interactive");
 	if (opt_diffstat)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_diffstat);
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategies.argv);
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, opt_strategy_opts.argv);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_diffstat);
+	strvec_pushv(&args, opt_strategies.v);
+	strvec_pushv(&args, opt_strategy_opts.v);
 	if (opt_gpg_sign)
-		argv_array_push(&args, opt_gpg_sign);
+		strvec_push(&args, opt_gpg_sign);
 	if (opt_autostash == 0)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-autostash");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--no-autostash");
 	else if (opt_autostash == 1)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--autostash");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--autostash");
 	if (opt_verify_signatures &&
 	    !strcmp(opt_verify_signatures, "--verify-signatures"))
 		warning(_("ignoring --verify-signatures for rebase"));
 
-	argv_array_push(&args, "--onto");
-	argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(merge_head));
+	strvec_push(&args, "--onto");
+	strvec_push(&args, oid_to_hex(merge_head));
 
 	if (fork_point && !is_null_oid(fork_point))
-		argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(fork_point));
+		strvec_push(&args, oid_to_hex(fork_point));
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(merge_head));
+		strvec_push(&args, oid_to_hex(merge_head));
 
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/range-diff.c b/builtin/range-diff.c
index d8a4670..24c4162 100644
--- a/builtin/range-diff.c
+++ b/builtin/range-diff.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 {
 	int creation_factor = RANGE_DIFF_CREATION_FACTOR_DEFAULT;
 	struct diff_options diffopt = { NULL };
-	struct argv_array other_arg = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec other_arg = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int simple_color = -1;
 	struct option range_diff_options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "creation-factor", &creation_factor,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 	res = show_range_diff(range1.buf, range2.buf, creation_factor,
 			      simple_color < 1, &diffopt, &other_arg);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&other_arg);
+	strvec_clear(&other_arg);
 	strbuf_release(&range1);
 	strbuf_release(&range2);
 
diff --git a/builtin/rebase.c b/builtin/rebase.c
index 37ba76a..dadb52f 100644
--- a/builtin/rebase.c
+++ b/builtin/rebase.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "exec-cmd.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 		REBASE_FORCE = 1<<3,
 		REBASE_INTERACTIVE_EXPLICIT = 1<<4,
 	} flags;
-	struct argv_array git_am_opts;
+	struct strvec git_am_opts;
 	const char *action;
 	int signoff;
 	int allow_rerere_autoupdate;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 		.keep_empty = 1,			\
 		.default_backend = "merge",	  	\
 		.flags = REBASE_NO_QUIET, 		\
-		.git_am_opts = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT,		\
+		.git_am_opts = STRVEC_INIT,		\
 		.git_format_patch_opt = STRBUF_INIT	\
 	}
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
 	int ret;
 	const char *head_hash = NULL;
 	char *revisions = NULL, *shortrevisions = NULL;
-	struct argv_array make_script_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec make_script_args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
 	struct replay_opts replay = get_replay_opts(opts);
 	struct string_list commands = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -345,13 +345,13 @@
 		write_file(path_squash_onto(), "%s\n",
 			   oid_to_hex(opts->squash_onto));
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&make_script_args, "", revisions, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&make_script_args, "", revisions, NULL);
 	if (opts->restrict_revision)
-		argv_array_pushf(&make_script_args, "^%s",
-				 oid_to_hex(&opts->restrict_revision->object.oid));
+		strvec_pushf(&make_script_args, "^%s",
+			     oid_to_hex(&opts->restrict_revision->object.oid));
 
 	ret = sequencer_make_script(the_repository, &todo_list.buf,
-				    make_script_args.argc, make_script_args.argv,
+				    make_script_args.nr, make_script_args.v,
 				    flags);
 
 	if (ret)
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
 	free(revisions);
 	free(shortrevisions);
 	todo_list_release(&todo_list);
-	argv_array_clear(&make_script_args);
+	strvec_clear(&make_script_args);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
 		struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
-		argv_array_pushl(&cmd.args, "show", "REBASE_HEAD", "--", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cmd.args, "show", "REBASE_HEAD", "--", NULL);
 		ret = run_command(&cmd);
 
 		break;
@@ -811,13 +811,13 @@
 	char *rebased_patches;
 
 	am.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&am.args, "am");
+	strvec_push(&am.args, "am");
 
 	if (opts->action && !strcmp("continue", opts->action)) {
-		argv_array_push(&am.args, "--resolved");
-		argv_array_pushf(&am.args, "--resolvemsg=%s", resolvemsg);
+		strvec_push(&am.args, "--resolved");
+		strvec_pushf(&am.args, "--resolvemsg=%s", resolvemsg);
 		if (opts->gpg_sign_opt)
-			argv_array_push(&am.args, opts->gpg_sign_opt);
+			strvec_push(&am.args, opts->gpg_sign_opt);
 		status = run_command(&am);
 		if (status)
 			return status;
@@ -825,8 +825,8 @@
 		return move_to_original_branch(opts);
 	}
 	if (opts->action && !strcmp("skip", opts->action)) {
-		argv_array_push(&am.args, "--skip");
-		argv_array_pushf(&am.args, "--resolvemsg=%s", resolvemsg);
+		strvec_push(&am.args, "--skip");
+		strvec_pushf(&am.args, "--resolvemsg=%s", resolvemsg);
 		status = run_command(&am);
 		if (status)
 			return status;
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@
 		return move_to_original_branch(opts);
 	}
 	if (opts->action && !strcmp("show-current-patch", opts->action)) {
-		argv_array_push(&am.args, "--show-current-patch");
+		strvec_push(&am.args, "--show-current-patch");
 		return run_command(&am);
 	}
 
@@ -852,29 +852,29 @@
 		status = error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"),
 				     rebased_patches);
 		free(rebased_patches);
-		argv_array_clear(&am.args);
+		strvec_clear(&am.args);
 		return status;
 	}
 
 	format_patch.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&format_patch.args, "format-patch", "-k", "--stdout",
-			 "--full-index", "--cherry-pick", "--right-only",
-			 "--src-prefix=a/", "--dst-prefix=b/", "--no-renames",
-			 "--no-cover-letter", "--pretty=mboxrd", "--topo-order",
-			 "--no-base", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&format_patch.args, "format-patch", "-k", "--stdout",
+		     "--full-index", "--cherry-pick", "--right-only",
+		     "--src-prefix=a/", "--dst-prefix=b/", "--no-renames",
+		     "--no-cover-letter", "--pretty=mboxrd", "--topo-order",
+		     "--no-base", NULL);
 	if (opts->git_format_patch_opt.len)
-		argv_array_split(&format_patch.args,
-				 opts->git_format_patch_opt.buf);
-	argv_array_push(&format_patch.args, revisions.buf);
+		strvec_split(&format_patch.args,
+			     opts->git_format_patch_opt.buf);
+	strvec_push(&format_patch.args, revisions.buf);
 	if (opts->restrict_revision)
-		argv_array_pushf(&format_patch.args, "^%s",
-				 oid_to_hex(&opts->restrict_revision->object.oid));
+		strvec_pushf(&format_patch.args, "^%s",
+			     oid_to_hex(&opts->restrict_revision->object.oid));
 
 	status = run_command(&format_patch);
 	if (status) {
 		unlink(rebased_patches);
 		free(rebased_patches);
-		argv_array_clear(&am.args);
+		strvec_clear(&am.args);
 
 		reset_head(the_repository, &opts->orig_head, "checkout",
 			   opts->head_name, 0,
@@ -896,20 +896,20 @@
 		status = error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
 				     rebased_patches);
 		free(rebased_patches);
-		argv_array_clear(&am.args);
+		strvec_clear(&am.args);
 		return status;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&am.args, opts->git_am_opts.argv);
-	argv_array_push(&am.args, "--rebasing");
-	argv_array_pushf(&am.args, "--resolvemsg=%s", resolvemsg);
-	argv_array_push(&am.args, "--patch-format=mboxrd");
+	strvec_pushv(&am.args, opts->git_am_opts.v);
+	strvec_push(&am.args, "--rebasing");
+	strvec_pushf(&am.args, "--resolvemsg=%s", resolvemsg);
+	strvec_push(&am.args, "--patch-format=mboxrd");
 	if (opts->allow_rerere_autoupdate == RERERE_AUTOUPDATE)
-		argv_array_push(&am.args, "--rerere-autoupdate");
+		strvec_push(&am.args, "--rerere-autoupdate");
 	else if (opts->allow_rerere_autoupdate == RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE)
-		argv_array_push(&am.args, "--no-rerere-autoupdate");
+		strvec_push(&am.args, "--no-rerere-autoupdate");
 	if (opts->gpg_sign_opt)
-		argv_array_push(&am.args, opts->gpg_sign_opt);
+		strvec_push(&am.args, opts->gpg_sign_opt);
 	status = run_command(&am);
 	unlink(rebased_patches);
 	free(rebased_patches);
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "revisions", opts->revisions);
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "restrict_revision", opts->restrict_revision ?
 		oid_to_hex(&opts->restrict_revision->object.oid) : NULL);
-	sq_quote_argv_pretty(&buf, opts->git_am_opts.argv);
+	sq_quote_argv_pretty(&buf, opts->git_am_opts.v);
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "git_am_opt", buf.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	add_var(&script_snippet, "verbose",
@@ -1625,8 +1625,8 @@
 		allow_preemptive_ff = 0;
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < options.git_am_opts.argc; i++) {
-		const char *option = options.git_am_opts.argv[i], *p;
+	for (i = 0; i < options.git_am_opts.nr; i++) {
+		const char *option = options.git_am_opts.v[i], *p;
 		if (!strcmp(option, "--committer-date-is-author-date") ||
 		    !strcmp(option, "--ignore-date") ||
 		    !strcmp(option, "--whitespace=fix") ||
@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@
 			exit(1);
 
 	if (!(options.flags & REBASE_NO_QUIET))
-		argv_array_push(&options.git_am_opts, "-q");
+		strvec_push(&options.git_am_opts, "-q");
 
 	if (options.empty != EMPTY_UNSPECIFIED)
 		imply_merge(&options, "--empty");
@@ -1721,10 +1721,10 @@
 	if (isatty(2) && options.flags & REBASE_NO_QUIET)
 		strbuf_addstr(&options.git_format_patch_opt, " --progress");
 
-	if (options.git_am_opts.argc || options.type == REBASE_APPLY) {
+	if (options.git_am_opts.nr || options.type == REBASE_APPLY) {
 		/* all am options except -q are compatible only with --apply */
-		for (i = options.git_am_opts.argc - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-			if (strcmp(options.git_am_opts.argv[i], "-q"))
+		for (i = options.git_am_opts.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+			if (strcmp(options.git_am_opts.v[i], "-q"))
 				break;
 
 		if (i >= 0) {
@@ -1776,7 +1776,7 @@
 		if (options.type == REBASE_PRESERVE_MERGES)
 			die("cannot combine '--signoff' with "
 			    "'--preserve-merges'");
-		argv_array_push(&options.git_am_opts, "--signoff");
+		strvec_push(&options.git_am_opts, "--signoff");
 		options.flags |= REBASE_FORCE;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index d43663b..439f29d 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
 #include "connected.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "version.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
@@ -667,25 +667,25 @@
 		nonce_status = check_nonce(push_cert.buf, bogs);
 	}
 	if (!is_null_oid(&push_cert_oid)) {
-		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT=%s",
-				 oid_to_hex(&push_cert_oid));
-		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER=%s",
-				 sigcheck.signer ? sigcheck.signer : "");
-		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY=%s",
-				 sigcheck.key ? sigcheck.key : "");
-		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS=%c",
-				 sigcheck.result);
+		strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT=%s",
+			     oid_to_hex(&push_cert_oid));
+		strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER=%s",
+			     sigcheck.signer ? sigcheck.signer : "");
+		strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY=%s",
+			     sigcheck.key ? sigcheck.key : "");
+		strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS=%c",
+			     sigcheck.result);
 		if (push_cert_nonce) {
-			argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
-					 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE=%s",
-					 push_cert_nonce);
-			argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
-					 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS=%s",
-					 nonce_status);
+			strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+				     "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE=%s",
+				     push_cert_nonce);
+			strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+				     "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS=%s",
+				     nonce_status);
 			if (nonce_status == NONCE_SLOP)
-				argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
-						 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP=%ld",
-						 nonce_stamp_slop);
+				strvec_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+					     "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP=%ld",
+					     nonce_stamp_slop);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -720,16 +720,16 @@
 	if (feed_state->push_options) {
 		int i;
 		for (i = 0; i < feed_state->push_options->nr; i++)
-			argv_array_pushf(&proc.env_array,
-				"GIT_PUSH_OPTION_%d=%s", i,
-				feed_state->push_options->items[i].string);
-		argv_array_pushf(&proc.env_array, "GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=%d",
-				 feed_state->push_options->nr);
+			strvec_pushf(&proc.env_array,
+				     "GIT_PUSH_OPTION_%d=%s", i,
+				     feed_state->push_options->items[i].string);
+		strvec_pushf(&proc.env_array, "GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=%d",
+			     feed_state->push_options->nr);
 	} else
-		argv_array_pushf(&proc.env_array, "GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT");
+		strvec_pushf(&proc.env_array, "GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT");
 
 	if (tmp_objdir)
-		argv_array_pushv(&proc.env_array, tmp_objdir_env(tmp_objdir));
+		strvec_pushv(&proc.env_array, tmp_objdir_env(tmp_objdir));
 
 	if (use_sideband) {
 		memset(&muxer, 0, sizeof(muxer));
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@
 }
 
 static const char *push_to_deploy(unsigned char *sha1,
-				  struct argv_array *env,
+				  struct strvec *env,
 				  const char *work_tree)
 {
 	const char *update_refresh[] = {
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@
 	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	child.argv = update_refresh;
-	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.env = env->v;
 	child.dir = work_tree;
 	child.no_stdin = 1;
 	child.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@
 	/* run_command() does not clean up completely; reinitialize */
 	child_process_init(&child);
 	child.argv = diff_files;
-	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.env = env->v;
 	child.dir = work_tree;
 	child.no_stdin = 1;
 	child.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@
 
 	child_process_init(&child);
 	child.argv = diff_index;
-	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.env = env->v;
 	child.no_stdin = 1;
 	child.no_stdout = 1;
 	child.stdout_to_stderr = 0;
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@
 	read_tree[3] = hash_to_hex(sha1);
 	child_process_init(&child);
 	child.argv = read_tree;
-	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.env = env->v;
 	child.dir = work_tree;
 	child.no_stdin = 1;
 	child.no_stdout = 1;
@@ -1000,11 +1000,11 @@
 static const char *push_to_checkout_hook = "push-to-checkout";
 
 static const char *push_to_checkout(unsigned char *hash,
-				    struct argv_array *env,
+				    struct strvec *env,
 				    const char *work_tree)
 {
-	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s", absolute_path(work_tree));
-	if (run_hook_le(env->argv, push_to_checkout_hook,
+	strvec_pushf(env, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s", absolute_path(work_tree));
+	if (run_hook_le(env->v, push_to_checkout_hook,
 			hash_to_hex(hash), NULL))
 		return "push-to-checkout hook declined";
 	else
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@
 static const char *update_worktree(unsigned char *sha1, const struct worktree *worktree)
 {
 	const char *retval, *work_tree, *git_dir = NULL;
-	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec env = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	if (worktree && worktree->path)
 		work_tree = worktree->path;
@@ -1030,14 +1030,14 @@
 	if (!git_dir)
 		git_dir = get_git_dir();
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(git_dir));
+	strvec_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(git_dir));
 
 	if (!find_hook(push_to_checkout_hook))
 		retval = push_to_deploy(sha1, &env, work_tree);
 	else
 		retval = push_to_checkout(sha1, &env, work_tree);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&env);
+	strvec_clear(&env);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -1205,11 +1205,11 @@
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
-		if (!proc.args.argc)
-			argv_array_push(&proc.args, hook);
-		argv_array_push(&proc.args, cmd->ref_name);
+		if (!proc.args.nr)
+			strvec_push(&proc.args, hook);
+		strvec_push(&proc.args, cmd->ref_name);
 	}
-	if (!proc.args.argc)
+	if (!proc.args.nr)
 		return;
 
 	proc.no_stdin = 1;
@@ -1715,10 +1715,10 @@
 
 static const char *pack_lockfile;
 
-static void push_header_arg(struct argv_array *args, struct pack_header *hdr)
+static void push_header_arg(struct strvec *args, struct pack_header *hdr)
 {
-	argv_array_pushf(args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-			ntohl(hdr->hdr_version), ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries));
+	strvec_pushf(args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+		     ntohl(hdr->hdr_version), ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries));
 }
 
 static const char *unpack(int err_fd, struct shallow_info *si)
@@ -1742,8 +1742,8 @@
 
 	if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs) {
 		alt_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si->shallow);
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--shallow-file");
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, alt_shallow_file);
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "--shallow-file");
+		strvec_push(&child.args, alt_shallow_file);
 	}
 
 	tmp_objdir = tmp_objdir_create();
@@ -1762,16 +1762,16 @@
 	tmp_objdir_add_as_alternate(tmp_objdir);
 
 	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit) {
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, "unpack-objects");
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "unpack-objects");
 		push_header_arg(&child.args, &hdr);
 		if (quiet)
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "-q");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "-q");
 		if (fsck_objects)
-			argv_array_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
-				fsck_msg_types.buf);
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
+				     fsck_msg_types.buf);
 		if (max_input_size)
-			argv_array_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
-				(uintmax_t)max_input_size);
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
+				     (uintmax_t)max_input_size);
 		child.no_stdout = 1;
 		child.err = err_fd;
 		child.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -1781,28 +1781,28 @@
 	} else {
 		char hostname[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&child.args, "index-pack", "--stdin", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&child.args, "index-pack", "--stdin", NULL);
 		push_header_arg(&child.args, &hdr);
 
 		if (xgethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
 			xsnprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
-		argv_array_pushf(&child.args,
-				 "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on %s",
-				 (uintmax_t)getpid(),
-				 hostname);
+		strvec_pushf(&child.args,
+			     "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on %s",
+			     (uintmax_t)getpid(),
+			     hostname);
 
 		if (!quiet && err_fd)
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--show-resolving-progress");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--show-resolving-progress");
 		if (use_sideband)
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--report-end-of-input");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--report-end-of-input");
 		if (fsck_objects)
-			argv_array_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
-				fsck_msg_types.buf);
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--strict%s",
+				     fsck_msg_types.buf);
 		if (!reject_thin)
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--fix-thin");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--fix-thin");
 		if (max_input_size)
-			argv_array_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
-				(uintmax_t)max_input_size);
+			strvec_pushf(&child.args, "--max-input-size=%"PRIuMAX,
+				     (uintmax_t)max_input_size);
 		child.out = -1;
 		child.err = err_fd;
 		child.git_cmd = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/remote-ext.c b/builtin/remote-ext.c
index 6a9127a..fd3538d 100644
--- a/builtin/remote-ext.c
+++ b/builtin/remote-ext.c
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static void parse_argv(struct argv_array *out, const char *arg, const char *service)
+static void parse_argv(struct strvec *out, const char *arg, const char *service)
 {
 	while (*arg) {
 		char *expanded = strip_escapes(arg, service, &arg);
 		if (expanded)
-			argv_array_push(out, expanded);
+			strvec_push(out, expanded);
 		free(expanded);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index e837799..542f56e 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "refspec.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_usage[] = {
@@ -478,6 +478,7 @@
 	struct ref *fetch_map = NULL, **fetch_map_tail = &fetch_map;
 	struct refspec_item refspec;
 
+	memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
 	refspec.force = 0;
 	refspec.pattern = 1;
 	refspec.src = refspec.dst = "refs/heads/*";
@@ -1451,35 +1452,35 @@
 			 N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
-	struct argv_array fetch_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec fetch_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int default_defined = 0;
 	int retval;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_update_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
-	argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "fetch");
+	strvec_push(&fetch_argv, "fetch");
 
 	if (prune != -1)
-		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
+		strvec_push(&fetch_argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
 	if (verbose)
-		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "-v");
-	argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "--multiple");
+		strvec_push(&fetch_argv, "-v");
+	strvec_push(&fetch_argv, "--multiple");
 	if (argc < 2)
-		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "default");
+		strvec_push(&fetch_argv, "default");
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, argv[i]);
+		strvec_push(&fetch_argv, argv[i]);
 
-	if (strcmp(fetch_argv.argv[fetch_argv.argc-1], "default") == 0) {
+	if (strcmp(fetch_argv.v[fetch_argv.nr-1], "default") == 0) {
 		git_config(get_remote_default, &default_defined);
 		if (!default_defined) {
-			argv_array_pop(&fetch_argv);
-			argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "--all");
+			strvec_pop(&fetch_argv);
+			strvec_push(&fetch_argv, "--all");
 		}
 	}
 
-	retval = run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&fetch_argv);
+	retval = run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&fetch_argv);
 	return retval;
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
index df28773..04c5cea 100644
--- a/builtin/repack.c
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "midx.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "prune-packed.h"
@@ -153,28 +153,28 @@
 static void prepare_pack_objects(struct child_process *cmd,
 				 const struct pack_objects_args *args)
 {
-	argv_array_push(&cmd->args, "pack-objects");
+	strvec_push(&cmd->args, "pack-objects");
 	if (args->window)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--window=%s", args->window);
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--window=%s", args->window);
 	if (args->window_memory)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--window-memory=%s", args->window_memory);
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--window-memory=%s", args->window_memory);
 	if (args->depth)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--depth=%s", args->depth);
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--depth=%s", args->depth);
 	if (args->threads)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--threads=%s", args->threads);
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--threads=%s", args->threads);
 	if (args->max_pack_size)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--max-pack-size=%s", args->max_pack_size);
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--max-pack-size=%s", args->max_pack_size);
 	if (args->no_reuse_delta)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--no-reuse-delta");
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--no-reuse-delta");
 	if (args->no_reuse_object)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--no-reuse-object");
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--no-reuse-object");
 	if (args->local)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args,  "--local");
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args,  "--local");
 	if (args->quiet)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args,  "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args,  "--quiet");
 	if (delta_base_offset)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args,  "--delta-base-offset");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd->args, packtmp);
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args,  "--delta-base-offset");
+	strvec_push(&cmd->args, packtmp);
 	cmd->git_cmd = 1;
 	cmd->out = -1;
 }
@@ -361,24 +361,24 @@
 
 	prepare_pack_objects(&cmd, &po_args);
 
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-true-parents");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-true-parents");
 	if (!pack_kept_objects)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--honor-pack-keep");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--honor-pack-keep");
 	for (i = 0; i < keep_pack_list.nr; i++)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--keep-pack=%s",
-				 keep_pack_list.items[i].string);
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--non-empty");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--all");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--reflog");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--indexed-objects");
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd.args, "--keep-pack=%s",
+			     keep_pack_list.items[i].string);
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--non-empty");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--all");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--reflog");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--indexed-objects");
 	if (has_promisor_remote())
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--exclude-promisor-objects");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--exclude-promisor-objects");
 	if (write_bitmaps > 0)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--write-bitmap-index");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--write-bitmap-index");
 	else if (write_bitmaps < 0)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--write-bitmap-index-quiet");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--write-bitmap-index-quiet");
 	if (use_delta_islands)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--delta-islands");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--delta-islands");
 
 	if (pack_everything & ALL_INTO_ONE) {
 		get_non_kept_pack_filenames(&existing_packs, &keep_pack_list);
@@ -387,23 +387,23 @@
 
 		if (existing_packs.nr && delete_redundant) {
 			if (unpack_unreachable) {
-				argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args,
-						"--unpack-unreachable=%s",
-						unpack_unreachable);
-				argv_array_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
+				strvec_pushf(&cmd.args,
+					     "--unpack-unreachable=%s",
+					     unpack_unreachable);
+				strvec_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
 			} else if (pack_everything & LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE) {
-				argv_array_push(&cmd.args,
-						"--unpack-unreachable");
+				strvec_push(&cmd.args,
+					    "--unpack-unreachable");
 			} else if (keep_unreachable) {
-				argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-unreachable");
-				argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--pack-loose-unreachable");
+				strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-unreachable");
+				strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--pack-loose-unreachable");
 			} else {
-				argv_array_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
+				strvec_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--unpacked");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--incremental");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--unpacked");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--incremental");
 	}
 
 	cmd.no_stdin = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index b36d17a..cd48765 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -228,13 +228,13 @@
 	if (fd < 0)
 		return error_errno(_("unable to open %s for writing"), filename);
 
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-replace-objects");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "cat-file");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--no-replace-objects");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "cat-file");
 	if (raw)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, type_name(type));
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, type_name(type));
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-p");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, oid_to_hex(oid));
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-p");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, oid_to_hex(oid));
 	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
 	cmd.out = fd;
 
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
 	const char *graft_file = get_graft_file(the_repository);
 	FILE *fp = fopen_or_warn(graft_file, "r");
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, err = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
@@ -512,10 +512,10 @@
 		if (*buf.buf == '#')
 			continue;
 
-		argv_array_split(&args, buf.buf);
-		if (args.argc && create_graft(args.argc, args.argv, force, 1))
+		strvec_split(&args, buf.buf);
+		if (args.nr && create_graft(args.nr, args.v, force, 1))
 			strbuf_addf(&err, "\n\t%s", buf.buf);
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
 
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index 7e52ee9..7eae5f3 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "color.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "commit-slab.h"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 static int showbranch_use_color = -1;
 
-static struct argv_array default_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct strvec default_args = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 /*
  * TODO: convert this use of commit->object.flags to commit-slab
@@ -561,9 +561,9 @@
 		 * default_arg is now passed to parse_options(), so we need to
 		 * mimic the real argv a bit better.
 		 */
-		if (!default_args.argc)
-			argv_array_push(&default_args, "show-branch");
-		argv_array_push(&default_args, value);
+		if (!default_args.nr)
+			strvec_push(&default_args, "show-branch");
+		strvec_push(&default_args, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -684,9 +684,9 @@
 	git_config(git_show_branch_config, NULL);
 
 	/* If nothing is specified, try the default first */
-	if (ac == 1 && default_args.argc) {
-		ac = default_args.argc;
-		av = default_args.argv;
+	if (ac == 1 && default_args.nr) {
+		ac = default_args.nr;
+		av = default_args.v;
 	}
 
 	ac = parse_options(ac, av, prefix, builtin_show_branch_options,
diff --git a/builtin/stash.c b/builtin/stash.c
index 0c52a3b..4bdfaf8 100644
--- a/builtin/stash.c
+++ b/builtin/stash.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "merge-recursive.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "rerere.h"
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@
 	 * however it should be done together with apply_cached.
 	 */
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-tree", "--binary", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "%s^2^..%s^2", w_commit_hex, w_commit_hex);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-tree", "--binary", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "%s^2^..%s^2", w_commit_hex, w_commit_hex);
 
 	return pipe_command(&cp, NULL, 0, out, 0, NULL, 0);
 }
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
 	 * buffer.
 	 */
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "apply", "--cached", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "apply", "--cached", NULL);
 	return pipe_command(&cp, out->buf, out->len, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
 }
 
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
 	 * API for resetting.
 	 */
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "reset");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "reset");
 
 	return run_command(&cp);
 }
@@ -335,9 +335,9 @@
 	 * converted together with update_index.
 	 */
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-index", "--cached", "--name-only",
-			 "--diff-filter=A", NULL);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, c_tree_hex);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-index", "--cached", "--name-only",
+		     "--diff-filter=A", NULL);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, c_tree_hex);
 	return pipe_command(&cp, NULL, 0, out, 0, NULL, 0);
 }
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
 	 * function exposed in order to remove this forking.
 	 */
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "update-index", "--add", "--stdin", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "update-index", "--add", "--stdin", NULL);
 	return pipe_command(&cp, out->buf, out->len, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
 }
 
@@ -365,10 +365,10 @@
 	 * run_command to fork processes that will not interfere.
 	 */
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "read-tree");
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(u_tree));
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
-			 stash_index_path.buf);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "read-tree");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(u_tree));
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+		     stash_index_path.buf);
 	if (run_command(&cp)) {
 		remove_path(stash_index_path.buf);
 		return -1;
@@ -376,9 +376,9 @@
 
 	child_process_init(&cp);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "checkout-index", "--all", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
-			 stash_index_path.buf);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "checkout-index", "--all", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+		     stash_index_path.buf);
 
 	res = run_command(&cp);
 	remove_path(stash_index_path.buf);
@@ -499,11 +499,11 @@
 		 */
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
 		cp.dir = prefix;
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT"=%s",
-				 absolute_path(get_git_work_tree()));
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT"=%s",
-				 absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "status");
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT"=%s",
+			     absolute_path(get_git_work_tree()));
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT"=%s",
+			     absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "status");
 		run_command(&cp);
 	}
 
@@ -546,9 +546,9 @@
 	 */
 
 	cp_reflog.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp_reflog.args, "reflog", "delete", "--updateref",
-			 "--rewrite", NULL);
-	argv_array_push(&cp_reflog.args, info->revision.buf);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp_reflog.args, "reflog", "delete", "--updateref",
+		     "--rewrite", NULL);
+	strvec_push(&cp_reflog.args, info->revision.buf);
 	ret = run_command(&cp_reflog);
 	if (!ret) {
 		if (!quiet)
@@ -566,8 +566,8 @@
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	/* Even though --quiet is specified, rev-parse still outputs the hash */
 	cp.no_stdout = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "rev-parse", "--verify", "--quiet", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "%s@{0}", ref_stash);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "rev-parse", "--verify", "--quiet", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "%s@{0}", ref_stash);
 	ret = run_command(&cp);
 
 	/* do_clear_stash if we just dropped the last stash entry */
@@ -663,9 +663,9 @@
 		return -1;
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "checkout", "-b", NULL);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, branch);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(&info.b_commit));
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "checkout", "-b", NULL);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, branch);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(&info.b_commit));
 	ret = run_command(&cp);
 	if (!ret)
 		ret = do_apply_stash(prefix, &info, 1, 0);
@@ -692,11 +692,11 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "log", "--format=%gd: %gs", "-g",
-			 "--first-parent", "-m", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, argv);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, ref_stash);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--");
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "log", "--format=%gd: %gs", "-g",
+		     "--first-parent", "-m", NULL);
+	strvec_pushv(&cp.args, argv);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, ref_stash);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "--");
 	return run_command(&cp);
 }
 
@@ -727,8 +727,8 @@
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct stash_info info;
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct argv_array stash_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct argv_array revision_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec stash_args = STRVEC_INIT;
+	struct strvec revision_args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -737,16 +737,16 @@
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 
-	argv_array_push(&revision_args, argv[0]);
+	strvec_push(&revision_args, argv[0]);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
-			argv_array_push(&stash_args, argv[i]);
+			strvec_push(&stash_args, argv[i]);
 		else
-			argv_array_push(&revision_args, argv[i]);
+			strvec_push(&revision_args, argv[i]);
 	}
 
-	ret = get_stash_info(&info, stash_args.argc, stash_args.argv);
-	argv_array_clear(&stash_args);
+	ret = get_stash_info(&info, stash_args.nr, stash_args.v);
+	strvec_clear(&stash_args);
 	if (ret)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@
 	 * The config settings are applied only if there are not passed
 	 * any options.
 	 */
-	if (revision_args.argc == 1) {
+	if (revision_args.nr == 1) {
 		if (show_stat)
 			rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
 
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	argc = setup_revisions(revision_args.argc, revision_args.argv, &rev, NULL);
+	argc = setup_revisions(revision_args.nr, revision_args.v, &rev, NULL);
 	if (argc > 1) {
 		free_stash_info(&info);
 		usage_with_options(git_stash_show_usage, options);
@@ -842,12 +842,12 @@
 	return do_store_stash(&obj, stash_msg, quiet);
 }
 
-static void add_pathspecs(struct argv_array *args,
+static void add_pathspecs(struct strvec *args,
 			  const struct pathspec *ps) {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ps->nr; i++)
-		argv_array_push(args, ps->items[i].original);
+		strvec_push(args, ps->items[i].original);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@
 	int found = 0;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	if (include_untracked != INCLUDE_ALL_FILES)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
@@ -875,12 +875,9 @@
 		strbuf_addstr(untracked_files, ent->name);
 		/* NUL-terminate: will be fed to update-index -z */
 		strbuf_addch(untracked_files, '\0');
-		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	free(dir.entries);
-	free(dir.ignored);
-	clear_directory(&dir);
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 	return found;
 }
 
@@ -960,9 +957,9 @@
 	struct index_state istate = { NULL };
 
 	cp_upd_index.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp_upd_index.args, "update-index", "-z", "--add",
-			 "--remove", "--stdin", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp_upd_index.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+	strvec_pushl(&cp_upd_index.args, "update-index", "-z", "--add",
+		     "--remove", "--stdin", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp_upd_index.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
 			 stash_index_path.buf);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&untracked_msg, "untracked files on %s\n", msg->buf);
@@ -1003,9 +1000,9 @@
 	remove_path(stash_index_path.buf);
 
 	cp_read_tree.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp_read_tree.args, "read-tree", "HEAD", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp_read_tree.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
-			 stash_index_path.buf);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp_read_tree.args, "read-tree", "HEAD", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp_read_tree.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+		     stash_index_path.buf);
 	if (run_command(&cp_read_tree)) {
 		ret = -1;
 		goto done;
@@ -1034,8 +1031,8 @@
 	}
 
 	cp_diff_tree.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp_diff_tree.args, "diff-tree", "-p", "-U1", "HEAD",
-			 oid_to_hex(&info->w_tree), "--", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp_diff_tree.args, "diff-tree", "-p", "-U1", "HEAD",
+		     oid_to_hex(&info->w_tree), "--", NULL);
 	if (pipe_command(&cp_diff_tree, NULL, 0, out_patch, 0, NULL, 0)) {
 		ret = -1;
 		goto done;
@@ -1088,11 +1085,11 @@
 	}
 
 	cp_upd_index.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp_upd_index.args, "update-index",
-			 "--ignore-skip-worktree-entries",
-			 "-z", "--add", "--remove", "--stdin", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp_upd_index.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
-			 stash_index_path.buf);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp_upd_index.args, "update-index",
+		     "--ignore-skip-worktree-entries",
+		     "-z", "--add", "--remove", "--stdin", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp_upd_index.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+		     stash_index_path.buf);
 
 	if (pipe_command(&cp_upd_index, diff_output.buf, diff_output.len,
 			 NULL, 0, NULL, 0)) {
@@ -1342,10 +1339,10 @@
 			struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 			cp.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "clean", "--force",
-					 "--quiet", "-d", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "clean", "--force",
+				     "--quiet", "-d", NULL);
 			if (include_untracked == INCLUDE_ALL_FILES)
-				argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-x");
+				strvec_push(&cp.args, "-x");
 			if (run_command(&cp)) {
 				ret = -1;
 				goto done;
@@ -1359,12 +1356,12 @@
 			struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 			cp_add.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_push(&cp_add.args, "add");
+			strvec_push(&cp_add.args, "add");
 			if (!include_untracked)
-				argv_array_push(&cp_add.args, "-u");
+				strvec_push(&cp_add.args, "-u");
 			if (include_untracked == INCLUDE_ALL_FILES)
-				argv_array_push(&cp_add.args, "--force");
-			argv_array_push(&cp_add.args, "--");
+				strvec_push(&cp_add.args, "--force");
+			strvec_push(&cp_add.args, "--");
 			add_pathspecs(&cp_add.args, ps);
 			if (run_command(&cp_add)) {
 				ret = -1;
@@ -1372,9 +1369,9 @@
 			}
 
 			cp_diff.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp_diff.args, "diff-index", "-p",
-					 "--cached", "--binary", "HEAD", "--",
-					 NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp_diff.args, "diff-index", "-p",
+				     "--cached", "--binary", "HEAD", "--",
+				     NULL);
 			add_pathspecs(&cp_diff.args, ps);
 			if (pipe_command(&cp_diff, NULL, 0, &out, 0, NULL, 0)) {
 				ret = -1;
@@ -1382,8 +1379,8 @@
 			}
 
 			cp_apply.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp_apply.args, "apply", "--index",
-					 "-R", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp_apply.args, "apply", "--index",
+				     "-R", NULL);
 			if (pipe_command(&cp_apply, out.buf, out.len, NULL, 0,
 					 NULL, 0)) {
 				ret = -1;
@@ -1392,8 +1389,8 @@
 		} else {
 			struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 			cp.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "--hard", "-q",
-					 "--no-recurse-submodules", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "--hard", "-q",
+				     "--no-recurse-submodules", NULL);
 			if (run_command(&cp)) {
 				ret = -1;
 				goto done;
@@ -1404,10 +1401,10 @@
 			struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 			cp.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "checkout", "--no-overlay",
-					 oid_to_hex(&info.i_tree), "--", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "checkout", "--no-overlay",
+				     oid_to_hex(&info.i_tree), "--", NULL);
 			if (!ps->nr)
-				argv_array_push(&cp.args, ":/");
+				strvec_push(&cp.args, ":/");
 			else
 				add_pathspecs(&cp.args, ps);
 			if (run_command(&cp)) {
@@ -1420,7 +1417,7 @@
 		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "apply", "-R", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "apply", "-R", NULL);
 
 		if (pipe_command(&cp, patch.buf, patch.len, NULL, 0, NULL, 0)) {
 			if (!quiet)
@@ -1434,7 +1431,7 @@
 			struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 			cp.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "-q", "--", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "-q", "--", NULL);
 			add_pathspecs(&cp.args, ps);
 			if (run_command(&cp)) {
 				ret = -1;
@@ -1560,7 +1557,7 @@
 {
 	pid_t pid = getpid();
 	const char *index_file;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_END()
@@ -1609,7 +1606,7 @@
 			      git_stash_usage, options);
 
 	/* Assume 'stash push' */
-	argv_array_push(&args, "push");
-	argv_array_pushv(&args, argv);
-	return !!push_stash(args.argc, args.argv, prefix, 1);
+	strvec_push(&args, "push");
+	strvec_pushv(&args, argv);
+	return !!push_stash(args.nr, args.v, prefix, 1);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/submodule--helper.c b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
index a1c7560..a59d8e4 100644
--- a/builtin/submodule--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/submodule--helper.c
@@ -294,9 +294,9 @@
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
 		cp.no_stderr = 1;
 
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "describe");
-		argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, *d);
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, object_id);
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "describe");
+		strvec_pushv(&cp.args, *d);
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, object_id);
 
 		if (!capture_command(&cp, &sb, 0)) {
 			strbuf_strip_suffix(&sb, "\n");
@@ -495,12 +495,12 @@
 		char *toplevel = xgetcwd();
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "name=%s", sub->name);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "sm_path=%s", path);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "displaypath=%s", displaypath);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "sha1=%s",
-				oid_to_hex(ce_oid));
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "toplevel=%s", toplevel);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "name=%s", sub->name);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "sm_path=%s", path);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "displaypath=%s", displaypath);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "sha1=%s",
+			     oid_to_hex(ce_oid));
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.env_array, "toplevel=%s", toplevel);
 
 		/*
 		 * Since the path variable was accessible from the script
@@ -509,15 +509,15 @@
 		 * on windows. And since environment variables are
 		 * case-insensitive in windows, it interferes with the
 		 * existing PATH variable. Hence, to avoid that, we expose
-		 * path via the args argv_array and not via env_array.
+		 * path via the args strvec and not via env_array.
 		 */
 		sq_quote_buf(&sb, path);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "path=%s; %s",
-				 sb.buf, info->argv[0]);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "path=%s; %s",
+			     sb.buf, info->argv[0]);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		free(toplevel);
 	} else {
-		argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, info->argv);
+		strvec_pushv(&cp.args, info->argv);
 	}
 
 	if (!info->quiet)
@@ -534,16 +534,16 @@
 		cpr.dir = path;
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cpr.env_array);
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&cpr.args, "--super-prefix", NULL);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cpr.args, "%s/", displaypath);
-		argv_array_pushl(&cpr.args, "submodule--helper", "foreach", "--recursive",
-				NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cpr.args, "--super-prefix", NULL);
+		strvec_pushf(&cpr.args, "%s/", displaypath);
+		strvec_pushl(&cpr.args, "submodule--helper", "foreach", "--recursive",
+			     NULL);
 
 		if (info->quiet)
-			argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
+			strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
 
-		argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--");
-		argv_array_pushv(&cpr.args, info->argv);
+		strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--");
+		strvec_pushv(&cpr.args, info->argv);
 
 		if (run_command(&cpr))
 			die(_("run_command returned non-zero status while "
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@
 			     unsigned int flags)
 {
 	char *displaypath;
-	struct argv_array diff_files_args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec diff_files_args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	int diff_files_result;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -809,17 +809,17 @@
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&diff_files_args, "diff-files",
-			 "--ignore-submodules=dirty", "--quiet", "--",
-			 path, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&diff_files_args, "diff-files",
+		     "--ignore-submodules=dirty", "--quiet", "--",
+		     path, NULL);
 
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL);
 
 	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, NULL);
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
-	diff_files_args.argc = setup_revisions(diff_files_args.argc,
-					       diff_files_args.argv,
-					       &rev, NULL);
+	diff_files_args.nr = setup_revisions(diff_files_args.nr,
+					     diff_files_args.v,
+					     &rev, NULL);
 	diff_files_result = run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
 
 	if (!diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, diff_files_result)) {
@@ -849,23 +849,23 @@
 		cpr.dir = path;
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cpr.env_array);
 
-		argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--super-prefix");
-		argv_array_pushf(&cpr.args, "%s/", displaypath);
-		argv_array_pushl(&cpr.args, "submodule--helper", "status",
-				 "--recursive", NULL);
+		strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--super-prefix");
+		strvec_pushf(&cpr.args, "%s/", displaypath);
+		strvec_pushl(&cpr.args, "submodule--helper", "status",
+			     "--recursive", NULL);
 
 		if (flags & OPT_CACHED)
-			argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--cached");
+			strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--cached");
 
 		if (flags & OPT_QUIET)
-			argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
+			strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
 
 		if (run_command(&cpr))
 			die(_("failed to recurse into submodule '%s'"), path);
 	}
 
 cleanup:
-	argv_array_clear(&diff_files_args);
+	strvec_clear(&diff_files_args);
 	free(displaypath);
 }
 
@@ -995,8 +995,8 @@
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.dir = path;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "submodule--helper",
-			 "print-default-remote", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "submodule--helper",
+		     "print-default-remote", NULL);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
 	if (capture_command(&cp, &sb, 0))
@@ -1021,13 +1021,13 @@
 		cpr.dir = path;
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cpr.env_array);
 
-		argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--super-prefix");
-		argv_array_pushf(&cpr.args, "%s/", displaypath);
-		argv_array_pushl(&cpr.args, "submodule--helper", "sync",
-				 "--recursive", NULL);
+		strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--super-prefix");
+		strvec_pushf(&cpr.args, "%s/", displaypath);
+		strvec_pushl(&cpr.args, "submodule--helper", "sync",
+			     "--recursive", NULL);
 
 		if (flags & OPT_QUIET)
-			argv_array_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
+			strvec_push(&cpr.args, "--quiet");
 
 		if (run_command(&cpr))
 			die(_("failed to recurse into submodule '%s'"),
@@ -1127,8 +1127,8 @@
 		if (!(flags & OPT_FORCE)) {
 			struct child_process cp_rm = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 			cp_rm.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp_rm.args, "rm", "-qn",
-					 path, NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp_rm.args, "rm", "-qn",
+				     path, NULL);
 
 			if (run_command(&cp_rm))
 				die(_("Submodule work tree '%s' contains local "
@@ -1156,8 +1156,8 @@
 		      displaypath);
 
 	cp_config.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp_config.args, "config", "--get-regexp", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp_config.args, "submodule.%s\\.", sub->name);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp_config.args, "config", "--get-regexp", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp_config.args, "submodule.%s\\.", sub->name);
 
 	/* remove the .git/config entries (unless the user already did it) */
 	if (!capture_command(&cp_config, &sb_config, 0) && sb_config.len) {
@@ -1239,32 +1239,32 @@
 {
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "clone");
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--no-checkout");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "clone");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "--no-checkout");
 	if (quiet)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
 	if (progress)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--progress");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--progress");
 	if (depth && *depth)
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--depth", depth, NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--depth", depth, NULL);
 	if (reference->nr) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		for_each_string_list_item(item, reference)
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--reference",
-					 item->string, NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--reference",
+				     item->string, NULL);
 	}
 	if (dissociate)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--dissociate");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--dissociate");
 	if (gitdir && *gitdir)
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--separate-git-dir", gitdir, NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--separate-git-dir", gitdir, NULL);
 	if (single_branch >= 0)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, single_branch ?
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, single_branch ?
 					  "--single-branch" :
 					  "--no-single-branch");
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--");
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, url);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, path);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "--");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, url);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, path);
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
@@ -1511,7 +1511,7 @@
 		if (parse_submodule_update_strategy(update, out) < 0)
 			die(_("Invalid update mode '%s' for submodule path '%s'"),
 				update, path);
-	} else if (!repo_config_get_string_const(r, key, &val)) {
+	} else if (!repo_config_get_string_tmp(r, key, &val)) {
 		if (parse_submodule_update_strategy(val, out) < 0)
 			die(_("Invalid update mode '%s' configured for submodule path '%s'"),
 				val, path);
@@ -1667,7 +1667,7 @@
 	}
 
 	key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.update", sub->name);
-	if (!repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, key, &update_string)) {
+	if (!repo_config_get_string_tmp(the_repository, key, &update_string)) {
 		update_type = parse_submodule_update_type(update_string);
 	} else {
 		update_type = sub->update_strategy.type;
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@
 
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "submodule.%s.url", sub->name);
-	if (repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, sb.buf, &url)) {
+	if (repo_config_get_string_tmp(the_repository, sb.buf, &url)) {
 		if (starts_with_dot_slash(sub->url) ||
 		    starts_with_dot_dot_slash(sub->url)) {
 			url = compute_submodule_clone_url(sub->url);
@@ -1717,38 +1717,38 @@
 	child->no_stdin = 1;
 	child->stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	child->err = -1;
-	argv_array_push(&child->args, "submodule--helper");
-	argv_array_push(&child->args, "clone");
+	strvec_push(&child->args, "submodule--helper");
+	strvec_push(&child->args, "clone");
 	if (suc->progress)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--progress");
+		strvec_push(&child->args, "--progress");
 	if (suc->quiet)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&child->args, "--quiet");
 	if (suc->prefix)
-		argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--prefix", suc->prefix, NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&child->args, "--prefix", suc->prefix, NULL);
 	if (suc->recommend_shallow && sub->recommend_shallow == 1)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--depth=1");
+		strvec_push(&child->args, "--depth=1");
 	if (suc->require_init)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--require-init");
-	argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--path", sub->path, NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--name", sub->name, NULL);
-	argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--url", url, NULL);
+		strvec_push(&child->args, "--require-init");
+	strvec_pushl(&child->args, "--path", sub->path, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&child->args, "--name", sub->name, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&child->args, "--url", url, NULL);
 	if (suc->references.nr) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		for_each_string_list_item(item, &suc->references)
-			argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--reference", item->string, NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&child->args, "--reference", item->string, NULL);
 	}
 	if (suc->dissociate)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, "--dissociate");
+		strvec_push(&child->args, "--dissociate");
 	if (suc->depth)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, suc->depth);
+		strvec_push(&child->args, suc->depth);
 	if (suc->single_branch >= 0)
-		argv_array_push(&child->args, suc->single_branch ?
+		strvec_push(&child->args, suc->single_branch ?
 					      "--single-branch" :
 					      "--no-single-branch");
 
 cleanup:
-	strbuf_reset(&displaypath_sb);
-	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&displaypath_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	if (need_free_url)
 		free((void*)url);
 
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@
 		return NULL;
 
 	key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.branch", sub->name);
-	if (repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, key, &branch))
+	if (repo_config_get_string_tmp(the_repository, key, &branch))
 		branch = sub->branch;
 	free(key);
 
@@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@
 {
 	const struct submodule *sub;
 	const char *path;
-	char *cw;
+	const char *cw;
 	struct repository subrepo;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
@@ -2116,7 +2116,7 @@
 	if (repo_submodule_init(&subrepo, the_repository, sub))
 		die(_("could not get a repository handle for submodule '%s'"), path);
 
-	if (!repo_config_get_string(&subrepo, "core.worktree", &cw)) {
+	if (!repo_config_get_string_tmp(&subrepo, "core.worktree", &cw)) {
 		char *cfg_file, *abs_path;
 		const char *rel_path;
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index b74dd9a6..8a2df44 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "quote.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
 	N_("git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"),
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index 0188797..24654b4 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
 	"git upload-archive <repo>";
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct argv_array sent_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec sent_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
 
 	if (argc != 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
@@ -31,21 +31,21 @@
 	init_archivers();
 
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
-	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
+	strvec_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
 	for (;;) {
 		char *buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		if (!buf)
 			break;	/* got a flush */
-		if (sent_argv.argc > MAX_ARGS)
+		if (sent_argv.nr > MAX_ARGS)
 			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 1);
 
 		if (!starts_with(buf, arg_cmd))
 			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
-		argv_array_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
+		strvec_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
 	}
 
 	/* parse all options sent by the client */
-	return write_archive(sent_argv.argc, sent_argv.argv, prefix,
+	return write_archive(sent_argv.nr, sent_argv.v, prefix,
 			     the_repository, NULL, 1);
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/verify-pack.c b/builtin/verify-pack.c
index c2a1a5c..05c5213 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-pack.c
@@ -7,21 +7,26 @@
 #define VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE 01
 #define VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY 02
 
-static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
+static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags, const char *hash_algo)
 {
 	struct child_process index_pack = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	const char *argv[] = {"index-pack", NULL, NULL, NULL };
+	struct strvec *argv = &index_pack.args;
 	struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int verbose = flags & VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE;
 	int stat_only = flags & VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY;
 	int err;
 
+	strvec_push(argv, "index-pack");
+
 	if (stat_only)
-		argv[1] = "--verify-stat-only";
+		strvec_push(argv, "--verify-stat-only");
 	else if (verbose)
-		argv[1] = "--verify-stat";
+		strvec_push(argv, "--verify-stat");
 	else
-		argv[1] = "--verify";
+		strvec_push(argv, "--verify");
+
+	if (hash_algo)
+		strvec_pushf(argv, "--object-format=%s", hash_algo);
 
 	/*
 	 * In addition to "foo.pack" we accept "foo.idx" and "foo";
@@ -31,9 +36,8 @@
 	if (strbuf_strip_suffix(&arg, ".idx") ||
 	    !ends_with(arg.buf, ".pack"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&arg, ".pack");
-	argv[2] = arg.buf;
+	strvec_push(argv, arg.buf);
 
-	index_pack.argv = argv;
 	index_pack.git_cmd = 1;
 
 	err = run_command(&index_pack);
@@ -60,12 +64,15 @@
 {
 	int err = 0;
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
+	const char *object_format = NULL;
 	int i;
 	const struct option verify_pack_options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, N_("verbose"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE),
 		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, N_("show statistics only"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "object-format", &object_format, N_("hash"),
+			   N_("specify the hash algorithm to use")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@
 	if (argc < 1)
 		usage_with_options(verify_pack_usage, verify_pack_options);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-		if (verify_one_pack(argv[i], flags))
+		if (verify_one_pack(argv[i], flags, object_format))
 			err = 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/worktree.c b/builtin/worktree.c
index f0cbdef..378f332 100644
--- a/builtin/worktree.c
+++ b/builtin/worktree.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT, realpath = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *name;
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	struct argv_array child_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec child_env = STRVEC_INIT;
 	unsigned int counter = 0;
 	int len, ret;
 	struct strbuf symref = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -408,32 +408,32 @@
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/commondir", sb_repo.buf);
 	write_file(sb.buf, "../..");
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, sb_git.buf);
-	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s", GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, path);
+	strvec_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, sb_git.buf);
+	strvec_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s", GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, path);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 
 	if (!is_branch)
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "update-ref", "HEAD",
-				 oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "update-ref", "HEAD",
+			     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), NULL);
 	else {
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "symbolic-ref", "HEAD",
-				 symref.buf, NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "symbolic-ref", "HEAD",
+			     symref.buf, NULL);
 		if (opts->quiet)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
 	}
 
-	cp.env = child_env.argv;
+	cp.env = child_env.v;
 	ret = run_command(&cp);
 	if (ret)
 		goto done;
 
 	if (opts->checkout) {
 		cp.argv = NULL;
-		argv_array_clear(&cp.args);
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "--hard", "--no-recurse-submodules", NULL);
+		strvec_clear(&cp.args);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "reset", "--hard", "--no-recurse-submodules", NULL);
 		if (opts->quiet)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
-		cp.env = child_env.argv;
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
+		cp.env = child_env.v;
 		ret = run_command(&cp);
 		if (ret)
 			goto done;
@@ -465,15 +465,15 @@
 			cp.env = env;
 			cp.argv = NULL;
 			cp.trace2_hook_name = "post-checkout";
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, absolute_path(hook),
-					 oid_to_hex(&null_oid),
-					 oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid),
-					 "1", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, absolute_path(hook),
+				     oid_to_hex(&null_oid),
+				     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid),
+				     "1", NULL);
 			ret = run_command(&cp);
 		}
 	}
 
-	argv_array_clear(&child_env);
+	strvec_clear(&child_env);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	strbuf_release(&symref);
 	strbuf_release(&sb_repo);
@@ -619,15 +619,15 @@
 	if (new_branch) {
 		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "branch");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "branch");
 		if (new_branch_force)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--force");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "--force");
 		if (opts.quiet)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, new_branch);
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, branch);
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, new_branch);
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, branch);
 		if (opt_track)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, opt_track);
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, opt_track);
 		if (run_command(&cp))
 			return -1;
 		branch = new_branch;
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@
 static void check_clean_worktree(struct worktree *wt,
 				 const char *original_path)
 {
-	struct argv_array child_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec child_env = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct child_process cp;
 	char buf[1];
 	int ret;
@@ -935,15 +935,15 @@
 	 */
 	validate_no_submodules(wt);
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s/.git",
-			 GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, wt->path);
-	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s",
-			 GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, wt->path);
+	strvec_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s/.git",
+		     GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, wt->path);
+	strvec_pushf(&child_env, "%s=%s",
+		     GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, wt->path);
 	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "status",
-			 "--porcelain", "--ignore-submodules=none",
-			 NULL);
-	cp.env = child_env.argv;
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "status",
+		     "--porcelain", "--ignore-submodules=none",
+		     NULL);
+	cp.env = child_env.v;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.dir = wt->path;
 	cp.out = -1;
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 2a0d744..995a940 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -10,9 +10,18 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "refs.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
-static const char bundle_signature[] = "# v2 git bundle\n";
+
+static const char v2_bundle_signature[] = "# v2 git bundle\n";
+static const char v3_bundle_signature[] = "# v3 git bundle\n";
+static struct {
+	int version;
+	const char *signature;
+} bundle_sigs[] = {
+	{ 2, v2_bundle_signature },
+	{ 3, v3_bundle_signature },
+};
 
 static void add_to_ref_list(const struct object_id *oid, const char *name,
 		struct ref_list *list)
@@ -23,15 +32,30 @@
 	list->nr++;
 }
 
-static const struct git_hash_algo *detect_hash_algo(struct strbuf *buf)
+static int parse_capability(struct bundle_header *header, const char *capability)
 {
-	size_t len = strcspn(buf->buf, " \n");
-	int algo;
+	const char *arg;
+	if (skip_prefix(capability, "object-format=", &arg)) {
+		int algo = hash_algo_by_name(arg);
+		if (algo == GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
+			return error(_("unrecognized bundle hash algorithm: %s"), arg);
+		header->hash_algo = &hash_algos[algo];
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return error(_("unknown capability '%s'"), capability);
+}
 
-	algo = hash_algo_by_length(len / 2);
-	if (algo == GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
-		return NULL;
-	return &hash_algos[algo];
+static int parse_bundle_signature(struct bundle_header *header, const char *line)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bundle_sigs); i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(line, bundle_sigs[i].signature)) {
+			header->version = bundle_sigs[i].version;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
@@ -42,14 +66,16 @@
 
 	/* The bundle header begins with the signature */
 	if (strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&buf, fd, '\n') ||
-	    strcmp(buf.buf, bundle_signature)) {
+	    parse_bundle_signature(header, buf.buf)) {
 		if (report_path)
-			error(_("'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"),
+			error(_("'%s' does not look like a v2 or v3 bundle file"),
 			      report_path);
 		status = -1;
 		goto abort;
 	}
 
+	header->hash_algo = the_hash_algo;
+
 	/* The bundle header ends with an empty line */
 	while (!strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&buf, fd, '\n') &&
 	       buf.len && buf.buf[0] != '\n') {
@@ -57,19 +83,19 @@
 		int is_prereq = 0;
 		const char *p;
 
-		if (*buf.buf == '-') {
-			is_prereq = 1;
-			strbuf_remove(&buf, 0, 1);
-		}
 		strbuf_rtrim(&buf);
 
-		if (!header->hash_algo) {
-			header->hash_algo = detect_hash_algo(&buf);
-			if (!header->hash_algo) {
-				error(_("unknown hash algorithm length"));
+		if (header->version == 3 && *buf.buf == '@') {
+			if (parse_capability(header, buf.buf + 1)) {
 				status = -1;
 				break;
 			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (*buf.buf == '-') {
+			is_prereq = 1;
+			strbuf_remove(&buf, 0, 1);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -269,16 +295,16 @@
 
 
 /* Write the pack data to bundle_fd */
-static int write_pack_data(int bundle_fd, struct rev_info *revs, struct argv_array *pack_options)
+static int write_pack_data(int bundle_fd, struct rev_info *revs, struct strvec *pack_options)
 {
 	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int i;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&pack_objects.args,
-			 "pack-objects",
-			 "--stdout", "--thin", "--delta-base-offset",
-			 NULL);
-	argv_array_pushv(&pack_objects.args, pack_options->argv);
+	strvec_pushl(&pack_objects.args,
+		     "pack-objects",
+		     "--stdout", "--thin", "--delta-base-offset",
+		     NULL);
+	strvec_pushv(&pack_objects.args, pack_options->v);
 	pack_objects.in = -1;
 	pack_objects.out = bundle_fd;
 	pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -321,11 +347,11 @@
 	FILE *rls_fout;
 	int i;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&rls.args,
-			 "rev-list", "--boundary", "--pretty=oneline",
-			 NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&rls.args,
+		     "rev-list", "--boundary", "--pretty=oneline",
+		     NULL);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&rls.args, argv[i]);
+		strvec_push(&rls.args, argv[i]);
 	rls.out = -1;
 	rls.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (start_command(&rls))
@@ -449,13 +475,14 @@
 }
 
 int create_bundle(struct repository *r, const char *path,
-		  int argc, const char **argv, struct argv_array *pack_options)
+		  int argc, const char **argv, struct strvec *pack_options, int version)
 {
 	struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
 	int bundle_fd = -1;
 	int bundle_to_stdout;
 	int ref_count = 0;
 	struct rev_info revs;
+	int min_version = the_hash_algo == &hash_algos[GIT_HASH_SHA1] ? 2 : 3;
 
 	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
 	if (bundle_to_stdout)
@@ -464,8 +491,22 @@
 		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
 						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
-	/* write signature */
-	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
+	if (version == -1)
+		version = min_version;
+
+	if (version < 2 || version > 3) {
+		die(_("unsupported bundle version %d"), version);
+	} else if (version < min_version) {
+		die(_("cannot write bundle version %d with algorithm %s"), version, the_hash_algo->name);
+	} else if (version == 2) {
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, v2_bundle_signature, strlen(v2_bundle_signature));
+	} else {
+		const char *capability = "@object-format=";
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, v3_bundle_signature, strlen(v3_bundle_signature));
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, capability, strlen(capability));
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, the_hash_algo->name, strlen(the_hash_algo->name));
+		write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+	}
 
 	/* init revs to list objects for pack-objects later */
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
diff --git a/bundle.h b/bundle.h
index 2dc9442..f9e2d1c 100644
--- a/bundle.h
+++ b/bundle.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef BUNDLE_H
 #define BUNDLE_H
 
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 
 struct ref_list {
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 };
 
 struct bundle_header {
+	unsigned version;
 	struct ref_list prerequisites;
 	struct ref_list references;
 	const struct git_hash_algo *hash_algo;
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@
 int is_bundle(const char *path, int quiet);
 int read_bundle_header(const char *path, struct bundle_header *header);
 int create_bundle(struct repository *r, const char *path,
-		  int argc, const char **argv, struct argv_array *pack_options);
+		  int argc, const char **argv, struct strvec *pack_options,
+		  int version);
 int verify_bundle(struct repository *r, struct bundle_header *header, int verbose);
 #define BUNDLE_VERBOSE 1
 int unbundle(struct repository *r, struct bundle_header *header,
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 6544264..4cad61f 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -921,8 +921,8 @@
 extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
 extern int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
-extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
-extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
+extern char *apply_default_whitespace;
+extern char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
 extern const char *git_attributes_file;
 extern const char *git_hooks_path;
 extern int zlib_compression_level;
@@ -1044,6 +1044,7 @@
 	int hash_algo;
 	char *work_tree;
 	struct string_list unknown_extensions;
+	struct string_list v1_only_extensions;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -1057,6 +1058,7 @@
 	.is_bare = -1, \
 	.hash_algo = GIT_HASH_SHA1, \
 	.unknown_extensions = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, \
+	.v1_only_extensions = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, \
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/checkout.c b/checkout.c
index c72e9f9..6586e30 100644
--- a/checkout.c
+++ b/checkout.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = TRACKING_NAME_DATA_INIT;
 	const char *default_remote = NULL;
-	if (!git_config_get_string_const("checkout.defaultremote", &default_remote))
+	if (!git_config_get_string_tmp("checkout.defaultremote", &default_remote))
 		cb_data.default_remote = default_remote;
 	cb_data.src_ref = xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s", name);
 	cb_data.dst_oid = oid;
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
 	if (dwim_remotes_matched)
 		*dwim_remotes_matched = cb_data.num_matches;
 	free(cb_data.src_ref);
-	free((char *)default_remote);
 	if (cb_data.num_matches == 1) {
 		free(cb_data.default_dst_ref);
 		free(cb_data.default_dst_oid);
diff --git a/ci/lib.sh b/ci/lib.sh
index ff24c54..3eefec5 100755
--- a/ci/lib.sh
+++ b/ci/lib.sh
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@
 	if [ "$jobname" = linux-gcc ]
 	then
 		export CC=gcc-8
-		MAKEFLAGS="$MAKEFLAGS PYTHON_PATH=$(which python3)"
+		MAKEFLAGS="$MAKEFLAGS PYTHON_PATH=/usr/bin/python3"
 	else
-		MAKEFLAGS="$MAKEFLAGS PYTHON_PATH=$(which python2)"
+		MAKEFLAGS="$MAKEFLAGS PYTHON_PATH=/usr/bin/python2"
 	fi
 
 	export GIT_TEST_HTTPD=true
diff --git a/ci/run-build-and-tests.sh b/ci/run-build-and-tests.sh
index 17e25aa..6c27b88 100755
--- a/ci/run-build-and-tests.sh
+++ b/ci/run-build-and-tests.sh
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
 	export GIT_TEST_ADD_I_USE_BUILTIN=1
 	make test
 	;;
+linux-clang)
+	export GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH=sha1
+	make test
+	export GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH=sha256
+	make test
+	;;
 linux-gcc-4.8)
 	# Don't run the tests; we only care about whether Git can be
 	# built with GCC 4.8, as it errors out on some undesired (C99)
diff --git a/column.c b/column.c
index 4a38eed..1261e18 100644
--- a/column.c
+++ b/column.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 		printf("%s%s%s", indent, list->items[i].string, nl);
 }
 
-/* Print a cell to stdout with all necessary leading/traling space */
+/* Print a cell to stdout with all necessary leading/trailing space */
 static int display_cell(struct column_data *data, int initial_width,
 			const char *empty_cell, int x, int y)
 {
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@
 
 int run_column_filter(int colopts, const struct column_options *opts)
 {
-	struct argv_array *argv;
+	struct strvec *argv;
 
 	if (fd_out != -1)
 		return -1;
@@ -366,14 +366,14 @@
 	child_process_init(&column_process);
 	argv = &column_process.args;
 
-	argv_array_push(argv, "column");
-	argv_array_pushf(argv, "--raw-mode=%d", colopts);
+	strvec_push(argv, "column");
+	strvec_pushf(argv, "--raw-mode=%d", colopts);
 	if (opts && opts->width)
-		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--width=%d", opts->width);
+		strvec_pushf(argv, "--width=%d", opts->width);
 	if (opts && opts->indent)
-		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--indent=%s", opts->indent);
+		strvec_pushf(argv, "--indent=%s", opts->indent);
 	if (opts && opts->padding)
-		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--padding=%d", opts->padding);
+		strvec_pushf(argv, "--padding=%d", opts->padding);
 
 	fflush(stdout);
 	column_process.in = -1;
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
index 89aa60c..e5901f2 100644
--- a/command-list.txt
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@
 gitattributes                           guide
 gitcli                                  guide
 gitcore-tutorial                        guide
+gitcredentials                          guide
 gitcvs-migration                        guide
 gitdiffcore                             guide
 giteveryday                             guide
@@ -204,6 +205,7 @@
 gitignore                               guide
 gitmodules                              guide
 gitnamespaces                           guide
+gitremote-helpers                       guide
 gitrepository-layout                    guide
 gitrevisions                            guide
 gitsubmodules                           guide
diff --git a/commit-graph.c b/commit-graph.c
index 1af68c2..0ed003e 100644
--- a/commit-graph.c
+++ b/commit-graph.c
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "config.h"
-#include "dir.h"
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "config.h"
 #include "lockfile.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
@@ -19,6 +17,8 @@
 #include "bloom.h"
 #include "commit-slab.h"
 #include "shallow.h"
+#include "json-writer.h"
+#include "trace2.h"
 
 void git_test_write_commit_graph_or_die(void)
 {
@@ -179,7 +179,14 @@
 
 static uint8_t oid_version(void)
 {
-	return 1;
+	switch (hash_algo_by_ptr(the_hash_algo)) {
+	case GIT_HASH_SHA1:
+		return 1;
+	case GIT_HASH_SHA256:
+		return 2;
+	default:
+		die(_("invalid hash version"));
+	}
 }
 
 static struct commit_graph *alloc_commit_graph(void)
@@ -285,8 +292,7 @@
 	const unsigned char *data, *chunk_lookup;
 	uint32_t i;
 	struct commit_graph *graph;
-	uint64_t last_chunk_offset;
-	uint32_t last_chunk_id;
+	uint64_t next_chunk_offset;
 	uint32_t graph_signature;
 	unsigned char graph_version, hash_version;
 
@@ -326,24 +332,26 @@
 	graph->data = graph_map;
 	graph->data_len = graph_size;
 
-	last_chunk_id = 0;
-	last_chunk_offset = 8;
+	if (graph_size < GRAPH_HEADER_SIZE +
+			 (graph->num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH +
+			 GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE + the_hash_algo->rawsz) {
+		error(_("commit-graph file is too small to hold %u chunks"),
+		      graph->num_chunks);
+		free(graph);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	chunk_lookup = data + 8;
+	next_chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);
 	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_chunks; i++) {
 		uint32_t chunk_id;
-		uint64_t chunk_offset;
+		uint64_t chunk_offset = next_chunk_offset;
 		int chunk_repeated = 0;
 
-		if (data + graph_size - chunk_lookup <
-		    GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH) {
-			error(_("commit-graph chunk lookup table entry missing; file may be incomplete"));
-			goto free_and_return;
-		}
-
 		chunk_id = get_be32(chunk_lookup + 0);
-		chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);
 
 		chunk_lookup += GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
+		next_chunk_offset = get_be64(chunk_lookup + 4);
 
 		if (chunk_offset > graph_size - the_hash_algo->rawsz) {
 			error(_("commit-graph improper chunk offset %08x%08x"), (uint32_t)(chunk_offset >> 32),
@@ -362,8 +370,11 @@
 		case GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP:
 			if (graph->chunk_oid_lookup)
 				chunk_repeated = 1;
-			else
+			else {
 				graph->chunk_oid_lookup = data + chunk_offset;
+				graph->num_commits = (next_chunk_offset - chunk_offset)
+						     / graph->hash_len;
+			}
 			break;
 
 		case GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA:
@@ -417,15 +428,6 @@
 			error(_("commit-graph chunk id %08x appears multiple times"), chunk_id);
 			goto free_and_return;
 		}
-
-		if (last_chunk_id == GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP)
-		{
-			graph->num_commits = (chunk_offset - last_chunk_offset)
-					     / graph->hash_len;
-		}
-
-		last_chunk_id = chunk_id;
-		last_chunk_offset = chunk_offset;
 	}
 
 	if (graph->chunk_bloom_indexes && graph->chunk_bloom_data) {
@@ -624,10 +626,6 @@
 		return !!r->objects->commit_graph;
 	r->objects->commit_graph_attempted = 1;
 
-	if (git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD, 0))
-		die("dying as requested by the '%s' variable on commit-graph load!",
-		    GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD);
-
 	prepare_repo_settings(r);
 
 	if (!git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH, 0) &&
@@ -856,6 +854,14 @@
 
 int parse_commit_in_graph(struct repository *r, struct commit *item)
 {
+	static int checked_env = 0;
+
+	if (!checked_env &&
+	    git_env_bool(GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE, 0))
+		die("dying as requested by the '%s' variable on commit-graph parse!",
+		    GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE);
+	checked_env = 1;
+
 	if (!prepare_commit_graph(r))
 		return 0;
 	return parse_commit_in_graph_one(r, r->objects->commit_graph, item);
@@ -948,10 +954,11 @@
 
 	const struct split_commit_graph_opts *split_opts;
 	size_t total_bloom_filter_data_size;
+	const struct bloom_filter_settings *bloom_settings;
 };
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
-				     struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_fanout(struct hashfile *f,
+				    struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
@@ -972,17 +979,21 @@
 
 		hashwrite_be32(f, count);
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_oids(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
-				   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_oids(struct hashfile *f,
+				  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	int count;
 	for (count = 0; count < ctx->commits.nr; count++, list++) {
 		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
-		hashwrite(f, (*list)->object.oid.hash, (int)hash_len);
+		hashwrite(f, (*list)->object.oid.hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static const unsigned char *commit_to_sha1(size_t index, void *table)
@@ -991,8 +1002,8 @@
 	return commits[index]->object.oid.hash;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f, int hash_len,
-				   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_data(struct hashfile *f,
+				  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1009,7 +1020,7 @@
 			die(_("unable to parse commit %s"),
 				oid_to_hex(&(*list)->object.oid));
 		tree = get_commit_tree_oid(*list);
-		hashwrite(f, tree->hash, hash_len);
+		hashwrite(f, tree->hash, the_hash_algo->rawsz);
 
 		parent = (*list)->parents;
 
@@ -1089,10 +1100,12 @@
 
 		list++;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
-					  struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(struct hashfile *f,
+					 struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1141,10 +1154,12 @@
 
 		list++;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(struct hashfile *f,
-					    struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+static int write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(struct hashfile *f,
+					   struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
@@ -1152,30 +1167,54 @@
 
 	while (list < last) {
 		struct bloom_filter *filter = get_bloom_filter(ctx->r, *list, 0);
-		cur_pos += filter->len;
+		size_t len = filter ? filter->len : 0;
+		cur_pos += len;
 		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
 		hashwrite_be32(f, cur_pos);
 		list++;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
-					 struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx,
-					 const struct bloom_filter_settings *settings)
+static void trace2_bloom_filter_settings(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
+{
+	struct json_writer jw = JSON_WRITER_INIT;
+
+	jw_object_begin(&jw, 0);
+	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "hash_version", ctx->bloom_settings->hash_version);
+	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "num_hashes", ctx->bloom_settings->num_hashes);
+	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "bits_per_entry", ctx->bloom_settings->bits_per_entry);
+	jw_end(&jw);
+
+	trace2_data_json("bloom", ctx->r, "settings", &jw);
+
+	jw_release(&jw);
+}
+
+static int write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(struct hashfile *f,
+					struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct commit **list = ctx->commits.list;
 	struct commit **last = ctx->commits.list + ctx->commits.nr;
 
-	hashwrite_be32(f, settings->hash_version);
-	hashwrite_be32(f, settings->num_hashes);
-	hashwrite_be32(f, settings->bits_per_entry);
+	trace2_bloom_filter_settings(ctx);
+
+	hashwrite_be32(f, ctx->bloom_settings->hash_version);
+	hashwrite_be32(f, ctx->bloom_settings->num_hashes);
+	hashwrite_be32(f, ctx->bloom_settings->bits_per_entry);
 
 	while (list < last) {
 		struct bloom_filter *filter = get_bloom_filter(ctx->r, *list, 0);
+		size_t len = filter ? filter->len : 0;
+
 		display_progress(ctx->progress, ++ctx->progress_cnt);
-		hashwrite(f, filter->data, filter->len * sizeof(unsigned char));
+		if (len)
+			hashwrite(f, filter->data, len * sizeof(unsigned char));
 		list++;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int oid_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
@@ -1586,19 +1625,36 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+typedef int (*chunk_write_fn)(struct hashfile *f,
+			      struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx);
+
+struct chunk_info {
+	uint32_t id;
+	uint64_t size;
+	chunk_write_fn write_fn;
+};
+
 static int write_commit_graph_file(struct write_commit_graph_context *ctx)
 {
 	uint32_t i;
 	int fd;
 	struct hashfile *f;
 	struct lock_file lk = LOCK_INIT;
-	uint32_t chunk_ids[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
-	uint64_t chunk_offsets[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
+	struct chunk_info chunks[MAX_NUM_CHUNKS + 1];
 	const unsigned hashsz = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
 	struct strbuf progress_title = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int num_chunks = 3;
+	uint64_t chunk_offset;
 	struct object_id file_hash;
-	const struct bloom_filter_settings bloom_settings = DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_SETTINGS;
+	struct bloom_filter_settings bloom_settings = DEFAULT_BLOOM_FILTER_SETTINGS;
+
+	if (!ctx->bloom_settings) {
+		bloom_settings.bits_per_entry = git_env_ulong("GIT_TEST_BLOOM_SETTINGS_BITS_PER_ENTRY",
+							      bloom_settings.bits_per_entry);
+		bloom_settings.num_hashes = git_env_ulong("GIT_TEST_BLOOM_SETTINGS_NUM_HASHES",
+							  bloom_settings.num_hashes);
+		ctx->bloom_settings = &bloom_settings;
+	}
 
 	if (ctx->split) {
 		struct strbuf tmp_file = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -1644,51 +1700,41 @@
 		f = hashfd(lk.tempfile->fd, lk.tempfile->filename.buf);
 	}
 
-	chunk_ids[0] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT;
-	chunk_ids[1] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP;
-	chunk_ids[2] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA;
+	chunks[0].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDFANOUT;
+	chunks[0].size = GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE;
+	chunks[0].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_fanout;
+	chunks[1].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_OIDLOOKUP;
+	chunks[1].size = hashsz * ctx->commits.nr;
+	chunks[1].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_oids;
+	chunks[2].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_DATA;
+	chunks[2].size = (hashsz + 16) * ctx->commits.nr;
+	chunks[2].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_data;
 	if (ctx->num_extra_edges) {
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_EXTRAEDGES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = 4 * ctx->num_extra_edges;
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_extra_edges;
 		num_chunks++;
 	}
 	if (ctx->changed_paths) {
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMINDEXES;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = sizeof(uint32_t) * ctx->commits.nr;
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes;
 		num_chunks++;
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BLOOMDATA;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 3
+					  + ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size;
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_bloom_data;
 		num_chunks++;
 	}
 	if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
-		chunk_ids[num_chunks] = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE;
+		chunks[num_chunks].id = GRAPH_CHUNKID_BASE;
+		chunks[num_chunks].size = hashsz * (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
+		chunks[num_chunks].write_fn = write_graph_chunk_base;
 		num_chunks++;
 	}
 
-	chunk_ids[num_chunks] = 0;
-
-	chunk_offsets[0] = 8 + (num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
-	chunk_offsets[1] = chunk_offsets[0] + GRAPH_FANOUT_SIZE;
-	chunk_offsets[2] = chunk_offsets[1] + hashsz * ctx->commits.nr;
-	chunk_offsets[3] = chunk_offsets[2] + (hashsz + 16) * ctx->commits.nr;
-
-	num_chunks = 3;
-	if (ctx->num_extra_edges) {
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						4 * ctx->num_extra_edges;
-		num_chunks++;
-	}
-	if (ctx->changed_paths) {
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						sizeof(uint32_t) * ctx->commits.nr;
-		num_chunks++;
-
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 + ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size;
-		num_chunks++;
-	}
-	if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1) {
-		chunk_offsets[num_chunks + 1] = chunk_offsets[num_chunks] +
-						hashsz * (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
-		num_chunks++;
-	}
+	chunks[num_chunks].id = 0;
+	chunks[num_chunks].size = 0;
 
 	hashwrite_be32(f, GRAPH_SIGNATURE);
 
@@ -1697,13 +1743,16 @@
 	hashwrite_u8(f, num_chunks);
 	hashwrite_u8(f, ctx->num_commit_graphs_after - 1);
 
+	chunk_offset = 8 + (num_chunks + 1) * GRAPH_CHUNKLOOKUP_WIDTH;
 	for (i = 0; i <= num_chunks; i++) {
 		uint32_t chunk_write[3];
 
-		chunk_write[0] = htonl(chunk_ids[i]);
-		chunk_write[1] = htonl(chunk_offsets[i] >> 32);
-		chunk_write[2] = htonl(chunk_offsets[i] & 0xffffffff);
+		chunk_write[0] = htonl(chunks[i].id);
+		chunk_write[1] = htonl(chunk_offset >> 32);
+		chunk_write[2] = htonl(chunk_offset & 0xffffffff);
 		hashwrite(f, chunk_write, 12);
+
+		chunk_offset += chunks[i].size;
 	}
 
 	if (ctx->report_progress) {
@@ -1716,19 +1765,19 @@
 			progress_title.buf,
 			num_chunks * ctx->commits.nr);
 	}
-	write_graph_chunk_fanout(f, ctx);
-	write_graph_chunk_oids(f, hashsz, ctx);
-	write_graph_chunk_data(f, hashsz, ctx);
-	if (ctx->num_extra_edges)
-		write_graph_chunk_extra_edges(f, ctx);
-	if (ctx->changed_paths) {
-		write_graph_chunk_bloom_indexes(f, ctx);
-		write_graph_chunk_bloom_data(f, ctx, &bloom_settings);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_chunks; i++) {
+		uint64_t start_offset = f->total + f->offset;
+
+		if (chunks[i].write_fn(f, ctx))
+			return -1;
+
+		if (f->total + f->offset != start_offset + chunks[i].size)
+			BUG("expected to write %"PRId64" bytes to chunk %"PRIx32", but wrote %"PRId64" instead",
+			    chunks[i].size, chunks[i].id,
+			    f->total + f->offset - start_offset);
 	}
-	if (ctx->num_commit_graphs_after > 1 &&
-	    write_graph_chunk_base(f, ctx)) {
-		return -1;
-	}
+
 	stop_progress(&ctx->progress);
 	strbuf_release(&progress_title);
 
@@ -2062,9 +2111,23 @@
 	ctx->report_progress = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->split = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->split_opts = split_opts;
-	ctx->changed_paths = flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS ? 1 : 0;
 	ctx->total_bloom_filter_data_size = 0;
 
+	if (flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS)
+		ctx->changed_paths = 1;
+	if (!(flags & COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS)) {
+		struct commit_graph *g;
+		prepare_commit_graph_one(ctx->r, ctx->odb);
+
+		g = ctx->r->objects->commit_graph;
+
+		/* We have changed-paths already. Keep them in the next graph */
+		if (g && g->chunk_bloom_data) {
+			ctx->changed_paths = 1;
+			ctx->bloom_settings = g->bloom_filter_settings;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (ctx->split) {
 		struct commit_graph *g;
 		prepare_commit_graph(ctx->r);
diff --git a/commit-graph.h b/commit-graph.h
index 28f89cd..09a9703 100644
--- a/commit-graph.h
+++ b/commit-graph.h
@@ -2,14 +2,11 @@
 #define COMMIT_GRAPH_H
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "repository.h"
-#include "string-list.h"
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "oidset.h"
 
 #define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH"
-#define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD"
+#define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE"
 #define GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS "GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS"
 
 /*
@@ -23,6 +20,9 @@
 
 struct commit;
 struct bloom_filter_settings;
+struct repository;
+struct raw_object_store;
+struct string_list;
 
 char *get_commit_graph_filename(struct object_directory *odb);
 int open_commit_graph(const char *graph_file, int *fd, struct stat *st);
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS   = (1 << 1),
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT      = (1 << 2),
 	COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS = (1 << 3),
+	COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_WRITE_BLOOM_FILTERS = (1 << 4),
 };
 
 enum commit_graph_split_flags {
diff --git a/commit-slab-decl.h b/commit-slab-decl.h
index bfbed15..98de2c9 100644
--- a/commit-slab-decl.h
+++ b/commit-slab-decl.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 void init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(struct slabname *s, unsigned stride); \
 void init_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s);				\
 void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s);				\
+void deep_clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s, void (*free_fn)(elemtype *ptr)); \
 elemtype *slabname## _at_peek(struct slabname *s, const struct commit *c, int add_if_missing); \
 elemtype *slabname## _at(struct slabname *s, const struct commit *c);	\
 elemtype *slabname## _peek(struct slabname *s, const struct commit *c)
diff --git a/commit-slab-impl.h b/commit-slab-impl.h
index 5c0eb91..557738d 100644
--- a/commit-slab-impl.h
+++ b/commit-slab-impl.h
@@ -38,6 +38,19 @@
 	FREE_AND_NULL(s->slab);						\
 }									\
 									\
+scope void deep_clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s, void (*free_fn)(elemtype *)) \
+{									\
+	unsigned int i;							\
+	for (i = 0; i < s->slab_count; i++) {				\
+		unsigned int j;						\
+		if (!s->slab[i])					\
+			continue;					\
+		for (j = 0; j < s->slab_size; j++)			\
+			free_fn(&s->slab[i][j * s->stride]);		\
+	}								\
+	clear_ ##slabname(s);						\
+}									\
+									\
 scope elemtype *slabname## _at_peek(struct slabname *s,			\
 						  const struct commit *c, \
 						  int add_if_missing)   \
diff --git a/commit-slab.h b/commit-slab.h
index 05b3f28..8e72a30 100644
--- a/commit-slab.h
+++ b/commit-slab.h
@@ -47,6 +47,16 @@
  *
  *   Call this function before the slab falls out of scope to avoid
  *   leaking memory.
+ *
+ * - void deep_clear_indegree(struct indegree *, void (*free_fn)(int*))
+ *
+ *   Empties the slab, similar to clear_indegree(), but in addition it
+ *   calls the given 'free_fn' for each slab entry to release any
+ *   additional memory that might be owned by the entry (but not the
+ *   entry itself!).
+ *   Note that 'free_fn' might be called even for entries for which no
+ *   indegree_at() call has been made; in this case 'free_fn' is invoked
+ *   with a pointer to a zero-initialized location.
  */
 
 #define define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) \
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 7128895..4ce8cb3 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -1630,22 +1630,22 @@
 int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file,
 		    const char *name, ...)
 {
-	struct argv_array hook_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec hook_env = STRVEC_INIT;
 	va_list args;
 	int ret;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&hook_env, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+	strvec_pushf(&hook_env, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
 
 	/*
 	 * Let the hook know that no editor will be launched.
 	 */
 	if (!editor_is_used)
-		argv_array_push(&hook_env, "GIT_EDITOR=:");
+		strvec_push(&hook_env, "GIT_EDITOR=:");
 
 	va_start(args, name);
-	ret = run_hook_ve(hook_env.argv,name, args);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(hook_env.v, name, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	argv_array_clear(&hook_env);
+	strvec_clear(&hook_env);
 
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index 8ee0b64..a00f331 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 	static struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	extern char *_pgmptr;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "mintty", "gdb", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--pid=%d", getpid());
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "mintty", "gdb", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--pid=%d", getpid());
 	cp.clean_on_exit = 1;
 	if (start_command(&cp) < 0)
 		die_errno("Could not start gdb");
@@ -290,6 +290,9 @@
 	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
+	if (DeleteFileW(wpathname))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* read-only files cannot be removed */
 	_wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
 	while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
diff --git a/compat/terminal.c b/compat/terminal.c
index 35bca03..43b73dd 100644
--- a/compat/terminal.c
+++ b/compat/terminal.c
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@
 		if (stty_restore.nr == 0)
 			return;
 
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "stty");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "stty");
 		for (i = 0; i < stty_restore.nr; i++)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, stty_restore.items[i].string);
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, stty_restore.items[i].string);
 		run_command(&cp);
 		string_list_clear(&stty_restore, 0);
 		return;
@@ -107,25 +107,25 @@
 	if (use_stty) {
 		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "stty");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "stty");
 
 		if (bits & ENABLE_LINE_INPUT) {
 			string_list_append(&stty_restore, "icanon");
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-icanon");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "-icanon");
 		}
 
 		if (bits & ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT) {
 			string_list_append(&stty_restore, "echo");
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-echo");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "-echo");
 		}
 
 		if (bits & ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT) {
 			string_list_append(&stty_restore, "-ignbrk");
 			string_list_append(&stty_restore, "intr");
 			string_list_append(&stty_restore, "^c");
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "ignbrk");
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "intr");
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "ignbrk");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "intr");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "");
 		}
 
 		if (run_command(&cp) == 0)
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
 		hashmap_init(&sequences, (hashmap_cmp_fn)sequence_entry_cmp,
 			     NULL, 0);
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "infocmp", "-L", "-1", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "infocmp", "-L", "-1", NULL);
 		if (pipe_command(&cp, NULL, 0, &buf, 0, NULL, 0))
 			strbuf_setlen(&buf, 0);
 
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index 8db9c77..2bdff44 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -2006,18 +2006,27 @@
 	return e ? &e->value_list : NULL;
 }
 
-int git_configset_get_string_const(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest)
+int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest)
 {
 	const char *value;
 	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value))
-		return git_config_string(dest, key, value);
+		return git_config_string((const char **)dest, key, value);
 	else
 		return 1;
 }
 
-int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest)
+int git_configset_get_string_tmp(struct config_set *cs, const char *key,
+				 const char **dest)
 {
-	return git_configset_get_string_const(cs, key, (const char **)dest);
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(key);
+		*dest = value;
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		return 1;
+	}
 }
 
 int git_configset_get_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
@@ -2147,22 +2156,26 @@
 	return git_configset_get_value_multi(repo->config, key);
 }
 
-int repo_config_get_string_const(struct repository *repo,
-				 const char *key, const char **dest)
+int repo_config_get_string(struct repository *repo,
+			   const char *key, char **dest)
 {
 	int ret;
 	git_config_check_init(repo);
-	ret = git_configset_get_string_const(repo->config, key, dest);
+	ret = git_configset_get_string(repo->config, key, dest);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		git_die_config(key, NULL);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int repo_config_get_string(struct repository *repo,
-			   const char *key, char **dest)
+int repo_config_get_string_tmp(struct repository *repo,
+			       const char *key, const char **dest)
 {
+	int ret;
 	git_config_check_init(repo);
-	return repo_config_get_string_const(repo, key, (const char **)dest);
+	ret = git_configset_get_string_tmp(repo->config, key, dest);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		git_die_config(key, NULL);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int repo_config_get_int(struct repository *repo,
@@ -2232,16 +2245,16 @@
 	return repo_config_get_value_multi(the_repository, key);
 }
 
-int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest)
-{
-	return repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, key, dest);
-}
-
 int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest)
 {
 	return repo_config_get_string(the_repository, key, dest);
 }
 
+int git_config_get_string_tmp(const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	return repo_config_get_string_tmp(the_repository, key, dest);
+}
+
 int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest)
 {
 	return repo_config_get_int(the_repository, key, dest);
@@ -2274,7 +2287,7 @@
 
 int git_config_get_expiry(const char *key, const char **output)
 {
-	int ret = git_config_get_string_const(key, output);
+	int ret = git_config_get_string(key, (char **)output);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	if (strcmp(*output, "now")) {
@@ -2287,11 +2300,11 @@
 
 int git_config_get_expiry_in_days(const char *key, timestamp_t *expiry, timestamp_t now)
 {
-	char *expiry_string;
+	const char *expiry_string;
 	intmax_t days;
 	timestamp_t when;
 
-	if (git_config_get_string(key, &expiry_string))
+	if (git_config_get_string_tmp(key, &expiry_string))
 		return 1; /* no such thing */
 
 	if (git_parse_signed(expiry_string, &days, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int))) {
@@ -3115,7 +3128,7 @@
 	}
 
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), config_file)) {
-		int i;
+		unsigned i;
 		int length;
 		int is_section = 0;
 		char *output = buf;
diff --git a/config.h b/config.h
index 0608744..91cdfbf 100644
--- a/config.h
+++ b/config.h
@@ -458,8 +458,8 @@
  */
 int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
 
-int git_configset_get_string_const(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
 int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest);
+int git_configset_get_string_tmp(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
 int git_configset_get_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
 int git_configset_get_ulong(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, unsigned long *dest);
 int git_configset_get_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
@@ -474,10 +474,10 @@
 			  const char *key, const char **value);
 const struct string_list *repo_config_get_value_multi(struct repository *repo,
 						      const char *key);
-int repo_config_get_string_const(struct repository *repo,
-				 const char *key, const char **dest);
 int repo_config_get_string(struct repository *repo,
 			   const char *key, char **dest);
+int repo_config_get_string_tmp(struct repository *repo,
+			       const char *key, const char **dest);
 int repo_config_get_int(struct repository *repo,
 			const char *key, int *dest);
 int repo_config_get_ulong(struct repository *repo,
@@ -529,13 +529,14 @@
  * error message and returns -1. When the configuration variable `key` is
  * not found, returns 1 without touching `dest`.
  */
-int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest);
+int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest);
 
 /**
- * Similar to `git_config_get_string_const`, except that retrieved value
- * copied into the `dest` parameter is a mutable string.
+ * Similar to `git_config_get_string`, but does not allocate any new
+ * memory; on success `dest` will point to memory owned by the config
+ * machinery, which could be invalidated if it is discarded and reloaded.
  */
-int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest);
+int git_config_get_string_tmp(const char *key, const char **dest);
 
 /**
  * Finds and parses the value to an integer for the configuration variable
diff --git a/config.mak.dev b/config.mak.dev
index cd4a82a..89b218d 100644
--- a/config.mak.dev
+++ b/config.mak.dev
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 DEVELOPER_CFLAGS += -Wunused
 DEVELOPER_CFLAGS += -Wvla
 
-DEVELOPER_CFLAGS += -DENABLE_SHA256
-
 ifndef COMPILER_FEATURES
 COMPILER_FEATURES := $(shell ./detect-compiler $(CC))
 endif
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index e0d5b9f..8b8f56c 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "alias.h"
 
 static char *server_capabilities_v1;
-static struct argv_array server_capabilities_v2 = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct strvec server_capabilities_v2 = STRVEC_INIT;
 static const char *next_server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len, int *offset);
 
 static int check_ref(const char *name, unsigned int flags)
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < server_capabilities_v2.argc; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < server_capabilities_v2.nr; i++) {
 		const char *out;
-		if (skip_prefix(server_capabilities_v2.argv[i], c, &out) &&
+		if (skip_prefix(server_capabilities_v2.v[i], c, &out) &&
 		    (!*out || *out == '='))
 			return 1;
 	}
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < server_capabilities_v2.argc; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < server_capabilities_v2.nr; i++) {
 		const char *out;
-		if (skip_prefix(server_capabilities_v2.argv[i], c, &out) &&
+		if (skip_prefix(server_capabilities_v2.v[i], c, &out) &&
 		    (*out == '=')) {
 			*v = out + 1;
 			return 1;
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < server_capabilities_v2.argc; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < server_capabilities_v2.nr; i++) {
 		const char *out;
-		if (skip_prefix(server_capabilities_v2.argv[i], c, &out) &&
+		if (skip_prefix(server_capabilities_v2.v[i], c, &out) &&
 		    (!*out || *(out++) == '=')) {
 			if (parse_feature_request(out, feature))
 				return 1;
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 static void process_capabilities_v2(struct packet_reader *reader)
 {
 	while (packet_reader_read(reader) == PACKET_READ_NORMAL)
-		argv_array_push(&server_capabilities_v2, reader->line);
+		strvec_push(&server_capabilities_v2, reader->line);
 
 	if (reader->status != PACKET_READ_FLUSH)
 		die(_("expected flush after capabilities"));
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
 
 struct ref **get_remote_refs(int fd_out, struct packet_reader *reader,
 			     struct ref **list, int for_push,
-			     const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes,
+			     const struct strvec *ref_prefixes,
 			     const struct string_list *server_options,
 			     int stateless_rpc)
 {
@@ -488,9 +488,9 @@
 	if (!for_push)
 		packet_write_fmt(fd_out, "peel\n");
 	packet_write_fmt(fd_out, "symrefs\n");
-	for (i = 0; ref_prefixes && i < ref_prefixes->argc; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; ref_prefixes && i < ref_prefixes->nr; i++) {
 		packet_write_fmt(fd_out, "ref-prefix %s\n",
-				 ref_prefixes->argv[i]);
+				 ref_prefixes->v[i]);
 	}
 	packet_flush(fd_out);
 
@@ -944,9 +944,9 @@
 
 	proxy = xmalloc(sizeof(*proxy));
 	child_process_init(proxy);
-	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, git_proxy_command);
-	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, host);
-	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, port);
+	strvec_push(&proxy->args, git_proxy_command);
+	strvec_push(&proxy->args, host);
+	strvec_push(&proxy->args, port);
 	proxy->in = -1;
 	proxy->out = -1;
 	if (start_command(proxy))
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@
 	if ((ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH_COMMAND")))
 		return ssh;
 
-	if (!git_config_get_string_const("core.sshcommand", &ssh))
+	if (!git_config_get_string_tmp("core.sshcommand", &ssh))
 		return ssh;
 
 	return NULL;
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@
 {
 	const char *variant = getenv("GIT_SSH_VARIANT");
 
-	if (!variant && git_config_get_string_const("ssh.variant", &variant))
+	if (!variant && git_config_get_string_tmp("ssh.variant", &variant))
 		return;
 
 	if (!strcmp(variant, "auto"))
@@ -1199,16 +1199,16 @@
  * Append the appropriate environment variables to `env` and options to
  * `args` for running ssh in Git's SSH-tunneled transport.
  */
-static void push_ssh_options(struct argv_array *args, struct argv_array *env,
+static void push_ssh_options(struct strvec *args, struct strvec *env,
 			     enum ssh_variant variant, const char *port,
 			     enum protocol_version version, int flags)
 {
 	if (variant == VARIANT_SSH &&
 	    version > 0) {
-		argv_array_push(args, "-o");
-		argv_array_push(args, "SendEnv=" GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT);
-		argv_array_pushf(env, GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT "=version=%d",
-				 version);
+		strvec_push(args, "-o");
+		strvec_push(args, "SendEnv=" GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT);
+		strvec_pushf(env, GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT "=version=%d",
+			     version);
 	}
 
 	if (flags & CONNECT_IPV4) {
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@
 		case VARIANT_PLINK:
 		case VARIANT_PUTTY:
 		case VARIANT_TORTOISEPLINK:
-			argv_array_push(args, "-4");
+			strvec_push(args, "-4");
 		}
 	} else if (flags & CONNECT_IPV6) {
 		switch (variant) {
@@ -1233,12 +1233,12 @@
 		case VARIANT_PLINK:
 		case VARIANT_PUTTY:
 		case VARIANT_TORTOISEPLINK:
-			argv_array_push(args, "-6");
+			strvec_push(args, "-6");
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (variant == VARIANT_TORTOISEPLINK)
-		argv_array_push(args, "-batch");
+		strvec_push(args, "-batch");
 
 	if (port) {
 		switch (variant) {
@@ -1247,15 +1247,15 @@
 		case VARIANT_SIMPLE:
 			die(_("ssh variant 'simple' does not support setting port"));
 		case VARIANT_SSH:
-			argv_array_push(args, "-p");
+			strvec_push(args, "-p");
 			break;
 		case VARIANT_PLINK:
 		case VARIANT_PUTTY:
 		case VARIANT_TORTOISEPLINK:
-			argv_array_push(args, "-P");
+			strvec_push(args, "-P");
 		}
 
-		argv_array_push(args, port);
+		strvec_push(args, port);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1293,18 +1293,18 @@
 		detect.use_shell = conn->use_shell;
 		detect.no_stdin = detect.no_stdout = detect.no_stderr = 1;
 
-		argv_array_push(&detect.args, ssh);
-		argv_array_push(&detect.args, "-G");
+		strvec_push(&detect.args, ssh);
+		strvec_push(&detect.args, "-G");
 		push_ssh_options(&detect.args, &detect.env_array,
 				 VARIANT_SSH, port, version, flags);
-		argv_array_push(&detect.args, ssh_host);
+		strvec_push(&detect.args, ssh_host);
 
 		variant = run_command(&detect) ? VARIANT_SIMPLE : VARIANT_SSH;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_push(&conn->args, ssh);
+	strvec_push(&conn->args, ssh);
 	push_ssh_options(&conn->args, &conn->env_array, variant, port, version, flags);
-	argv_array_push(&conn->args, ssh_host);
+	strvec_push(&conn->args, ssh_host);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@
 
 		/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
 		for (var = local_repo_env; *var; var++)
-			argv_array_push(&conn->env_array, *var);
+			strvec_push(&conn->env_array, *var);
 
 		conn->use_shell = 1;
 		conn->in = conn->out = -1;
@@ -1397,11 +1397,12 @@
 			transport_check_allowed("file");
 			conn->trace2_child_class = "transport/file";
 			if (version > 0) {
-				argv_array_pushf(&conn->env_array, GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT "=version=%d",
-						 version);
+				strvec_pushf(&conn->env_array,
+					     GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT "=version=%d",
+					     version);
 			}
 		}
-		argv_array_push(&conn->args, cmd.buf);
+		strvec_push(&conn->args, cmd.buf);
 
 		if (start_command(conn))
 			die(_("unable to fork"));
diff --git a/connected.c b/connected.c
index 937b4ba..b18299f 100644
--- a/connected.c
+++ b/connected.c
@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@
 		    struct check_connected_options *opt)
 {
 	struct child_process rev_list = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	FILE *rev_list_in;
 	struct check_connected_options defaults = CHECK_CONNECTED_INIT;
-	char commit[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
 	struct object_id oid;
 	int err = 0;
 	struct packed_git *new_pack = NULL;
 	struct transport *transport;
 	size_t base_len;
-	const unsigned hexsz = the_hash_algo->hexsz;
 
 	if (!opt)
 		opt = &defaults;
@@ -90,23 +89,23 @@
 
 no_promisor_pack_found:
 	if (opt->shallow_file) {
-		argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--shallow-file");
-		argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, opt->shallow_file);
+		strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--shallow-file");
+		strvec_push(&rev_list.args, opt->shallow_file);
 	}
-	argv_array_push(&rev_list.args,"rev-list");
-	argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--objects");
-	argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--stdin");
+	strvec_push(&rev_list.args,"rev-list");
+	strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--objects");
+	strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--stdin");
 	if (has_promisor_remote())
-		argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--exclude-promisor-objects");
+		strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--exclude-promisor-objects");
 	if (!opt->is_deepening_fetch) {
-		argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--not");
-		argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--all");
+		strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--not");
+		strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--all");
 	}
-	argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--quiet");
-	argv_array_push(&rev_list.args, "--alternate-refs");
+	strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--quiet");
+	strvec_push(&rev_list.args, "--alternate-refs");
 	if (opt->progress)
-		argv_array_pushf(&rev_list.args, "--progress=%s",
-				 _("Checking connectivity"));
+		strvec_pushf(&rev_list.args, "--progress=%s",
+			     _("Checking connectivity"));
 
 	rev_list.git_cmd = 1;
 	rev_list.env = opt->env;
@@ -122,7 +121,8 @@
 
 	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 
-	commit[hexsz] = '\n';
+	rev_list_in = xfdopen(rev_list.in, "w");
+
 	do {
 		/*
 		 * If index-pack already checked that:
@@ -135,16 +135,17 @@
 		if (new_pack && find_pack_entry_one(oid.hash, new_pack))
 			continue;
 
-		memcpy(commit, oid_to_hex(&oid), hexsz);
-		if (write_in_full(rev_list.in, commit, hexsz + 1) < 0) {
-			if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
-				error_errno(_("failed write to rev-list"));
-			err = -1;
+		if (fprintf(rev_list_in, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(&oid)) < 0)
 			break;
-		}
 	} while (!fn(cb_data, &oid));
 
-	if (close(rev_list.in))
+	if (ferror(rev_list_in) || fflush(rev_list_in)) {
+		if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
+			error_errno(_("failed write to rev-list"));
+		err = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (fclose(rev_list_in))
 		err = error_errno(_("failed to close rev-list's stdin"));
 
 	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt b/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47215df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+#
+#	Copyright (c) 2020 Sibi Siddharthan
+#
+
+#[[
+
+Instructions to run CMake:
+
+cmake `relative-path-to-CMakeLists.txt` -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+Eg.
+From the root of git source tree
+	`cmake contrib/buildsystems/ `
+This will build the git binaries at the root
+
+For out of source builds, say build in 'git/git-build/'
+	`mkdir git-build;cd git-build; cmake ../contrib/buildsystems/`
+This will build the git binaries in git-build directory
+
+Possible build configurations(-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE) with corresponding
+compiler flags
+Debug : -g
+Release: -O3
+RelWithDebInfo : -O2 -g
+MinSizeRel : -Os
+empty(default) :
+
+NOTE: -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE is optional. For multi-config generators like Visual Studio
+this option is ignored
+
+This process generates a Makefile(Linux/*BSD/MacOS) , Visual Studio solution(Windows) by default.
+Run `make` to build Git on Linux/*BSD/MacOS.
+Open git.sln on Windows and build Git.
+
+NOTE: By default CMake uses Makefile as the build tool on Linux and Visual Studio in Windows,
+to use another tool say `ninja` add this to the command line when configuring.
+`-G Ninja`
+
+]]
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
+
+#set the source directory to root of git
+set(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../..)
+
+find_program(SH_EXE sh)
+if(NOT SH_EXE)
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "sh: shell interpreter was not found in your path, please install one."
+			"On Windows, you can get it as part of 'Git for Windows' install at https://gitforwindows.org/")
+endif()
+
+#Create GIT-VERSION-FILE using GIT-VERSION-GEN
+if(NOT EXISTS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/GIT-VERSION-FILE)
+	message("Generating GIT-VERSION-FILE")
+	execute_process(COMMAND ${SH_EXE} ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+		WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})
+endif()
+
+#Parse GIT-VERSION-FILE to get the version
+file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/GIT-VERSION-FILE git_version REGEX "GIT_VERSION = (.*)")
+string(REPLACE "GIT_VERSION = " "" git_version ${git_version})
+string(FIND ${git_version} "GIT" location)
+if(location EQUAL -1)
+	string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]*\\.[0-9]*\\.[0-9]*" git_version ${git_version})
+else()
+	string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]*\\.[0-9]*" git_version ${git_version})
+	string(APPEND git_version ".0") #for building from a snapshot
+endif()
+
+project(git
+	VERSION ${git_version}
+	LANGUAGES C)
+
+
+#TODO gitk git-gui gitweb
+#TODO Enable NLS on windows natively
+#TODO Add pcre support
+
+#macros for parsing the Makefile for sources and scripts
+macro(parse_makefile_for_sources list_var regex)
+	file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Makefile ${list_var} REGEX "^${regex} \\+=(.*)")
+	string(REPLACE "${regex} +=" "" ${list_var} ${${list_var}})
+	string(REPLACE "$(COMPAT_OBJS)" "" ${list_var} ${${list_var}}) #remove "$(COMPAT_OBJS)" This is only for libgit.
+	string(STRIP ${${list_var}} ${list_var}) #remove trailing/leading whitespaces
+	string(REPLACE ".o" ".c;" ${list_var} ${${list_var}}) #change .o to .c, ; is for converting the string into a list
+	list(TRANSFORM ${list_var} STRIP) #remove trailing/leading whitespaces for each element in list
+	list(REMOVE_ITEM ${list_var} "") #remove empty list elements
+endmacro()
+
+macro(parse_makefile_for_scripts list_var regex lang)
+	file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Makefile ${list_var} REGEX "^${regex} \\+=(.*)")
+	string(REPLACE "${regex} +=" "" ${list_var} ${${list_var}})
+	string(STRIP ${${list_var}} ${list_var}) #remove trailing/leading whitespaces
+	string(REPLACE " " ";" ${list_var} ${${list_var}}) #convert string to a list
+	if(NOT ${lang}) #exclude for SCRIPT_LIB
+		list(TRANSFORM ${list_var} REPLACE "${lang}" "") #do the replacement
+	endif()
+endmacro()
+
+include(CheckTypeSize)
+include(CheckCSourceRuns)
+include(CheckCSourceCompiles)
+include(CheckIncludeFile)
+include(CheckFunctionExists)
+include(CheckSymbolExists)
+include(CheckStructHasMember)
+include(CTest)
+
+find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)
+find_package(CURL)
+find_package(EXPAT)
+find_package(Iconv)
+
+#Don't use libintl on Windows Visual Studio and Clang builds
+if(NOT (WIN32 AND (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")))
+	find_package(Intl)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT Intl_FOUND)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_GETTEXT)
+	if(NOT Iconv_FOUND)
+		add_compile_definitions(NO_ICONV)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+include_directories(SYSTEM ${ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+if(CURL_FOUND)
+	include_directories(SYSTEM ${CURL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+endif()
+if(EXPAT_FOUND)
+	include_directories(SYSTEM ${EXPAT_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+endif()
+if(Iconv_FOUND)
+	include_directories(SYSTEM ${Iconv_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+endif()
+if(Intl_FOUND)
+	include_directories(SYSTEM ${Intl_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+endif()
+
+
+if(WIN32 AND NOT MSVC)#not required for visual studio builds
+	find_program(WINDRES_EXE windres)
+	if(NOT WINDRES_EXE)
+		message(FATAL_ERROR "Install windres on Windows for resource files")
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+find_program(MSGFMT_EXE msgfmt)
+if(NOT MSGFMT_EXE)
+	message(WARNING "Text Translations won't be build")
+endif()
+
+#Force all visual studio outputs to CMAKE_BINARY_DIR
+if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+	set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+	set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+	add_compile_options(/MP)
+endif()
+
+#default behaviour
+include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})
+add_compile_definitions(GIT_HOST_CPU="${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+add_compile_definitions(SHA256_BLK INTERNAL_QSORT RUNTIME_PREFIX)
+add_compile_definitions(NO_OPENSSL SHA1_DC SHA1DC_NO_STANDARD_INCLUDES
+			SHA1DC_INIT_SAFE_HASH_DEFAULT=0
+			SHA1DC_CUSTOM_INCLUDE_SHA1_C="cache.h"
+			SHA1DC_CUSTOM_INCLUDE_UBC_CHECK_C="git-compat-util.h" )
+list(APPEND compat_SOURCES sha1dc_git.c sha1dc/sha1.c sha1dc/ubc_check.c block-sha1/sha1.c sha256/block/sha256.c compat/qsort_s.c)
+
+
+add_compile_definitions(PAGER_ENV="LESS=FRX LV=-c"
+			ETC_GITATTRIBUTES="etc/gitattributes"
+			ETC_GITCONFIG="etc/gitconfig"
+			GIT_EXEC_PATH="libexec/git-core"
+			GIT_LOCALE_PATH="share/locale"
+			GIT_MAN_PATH="share/man"
+			GIT_INFO_PATH="share/info"
+			GIT_HTML_PATH="share/doc/git-doc"
+			DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT="html"
+			DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR="share/git-core/templates"
+			GIT_VERSION="${PROJECT_VERSION}.GIT"
+			GIT_USER_AGENT="git/${PROJECT_VERSION}.GIT"
+			BINDIR="bin"
+			GIT_BUILT_FROM_COMMIT="")
+
+if(WIN32)
+	set(FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX /mingw64)
+	add_compile_definitions(FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX="${FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX}")
+else()
+	set(FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX /home/$ENV{USER})
+	add_compile_definitions(FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX="${FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX}")
+endif()
+
+
+#Platform Specific
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
+	if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+		include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/compat/vcbuild/include)
+		add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE)
+	endif()
+	include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/compat/win32)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_ALLOCA_H NO_POSIX_GOODIES NATIVE_CRLF NO_UNIX_SOCKETS WIN32
+				_CONSOLE DETECT_MSYS_TTY STRIP_EXTENSION=".exe"  NO_SYMLINK_HEAD UNRELIABLE_FSTAT
+				NOGDI OBJECT_CREATION_MODE=1 __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=0
+				USE_NED_ALLOCATOR OVERRIDE_STRDUP MMAP_PREVENTS_DELETE USE_WIN32_MMAP
+				UNICODE _UNICODE HAVE_WPGMPTR ENSURE_MSYSTEM_IS_SET)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/mingw.c compat/winansi.c compat/win32/path-utils.c
+		compat/win32/pthread.c compat/win32mmap.c compat/win32/syslog.c
+		compat/win32/trace2_win32_process_info.c compat/win32/dirent.c
+		compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c compat/strdup.c)
+	set(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS 1)
+
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
+	add_compile_definitions(PROCFS_EXECUTABLE_PATH="/proc/self/exe" HAVE_DEV_TTY )
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES unix-socket.c)
+endif()
+
+set(EXE_EXTENSION ${CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX})
+
+#header checks
+check_include_file(libgen.h HAVE_LIBGEN_H)
+if(NOT HAVE_LIBGEN_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_LIBGEN_H)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/basename.c)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(sys/sysinfo.h HAVE_SYSINFO)
+if(HAVE_SYSINFO)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_SYSINFO)
+endif()
+
+check_c_source_compiles("
+#include <alloca.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	char *p = (char *) alloca(2 * sizeof(int));
+
+	if (p)
+		return 0;
+	return 0;
+}"
+HAVE_ALLOCA_H)
+if(HAVE_ALLOCA_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_ALLOCA_H)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(strings.h HAVE_STRINGS_H)
+if(HAVE_STRINGS_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_STRINGS_H)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(sys/select.h HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H)
+if(NOT HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_SYS_SELECT_H)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(sys/poll.h HAVE_SYS_POLL_H)
+if(NOT HAVE_SYS_POLL_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_SYS_POLL_H)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(poll.h HAVE_POLL_H)
+if(NOT HAVE_POLL_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_POLL_H)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(inttypes.h HAVE_INTTYPES_H)
+if(NOT HAVE_INTTYPES_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_INTTYPES_H)
+endif()
+
+check_include_file(paths.h HAVE_PATHS_H)
+if(HAVE_PATHS_H)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_PATHS_H)
+endif()
+
+#function checks
+set(function_checks
+	strcasestr memmem strlcpy strtoimax strtoumax strtoull
+	setenv mkdtemp poll pread memmem)
+
+#unsetenv,hstrerror are incompatible with windows build
+if(NOT WIN32)
+	list(APPEND function_checks unsetenv hstrerror)
+endif()
+
+foreach(f ${function_checks})
+	string(TOUPPER ${f} uf)
+	check_function_exists(${f} HAVE_${uf})
+	if(NOT HAVE_${uf})
+		add_compile_definitions(NO_${uf})
+	endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_POLL_H OR NOT HAVE_SYS_POLL_H OR NOT HAVE_POLL)
+	include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/compat/poll)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_POLL)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/poll/poll.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_STRCASESTR)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/strcasestr.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_STRLCPY)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/strlcpy.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_STRTOUMAX)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/strtoumax.c compat/strtoimax.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_SETENV)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/setenv.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_MKDTEMP)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/mkdtemp.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_PREAD)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/pread.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT HAVE_MEMMEM)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/memmem.c)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT WIN32)
+	if(NOT HAVE_UNSETENV)
+		list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/unsetenv.c)
+	endif()
+
+	if(NOT HAVE_HSTRERROR)
+		list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/hstrerror.c)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+check_function_exists(getdelim HAVE_GETDELIM)
+if(HAVE_GETDELIM)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_GETDELIM)
+endif()
+
+check_function_exists(clock_gettime HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME)
+check_symbol_exists(CLOCK_MONOTONIC "time.h" HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+if(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME)
+endif()
+if(HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+endif()
+
+#check for st_blocks in struct stat
+check_struct_has_member("struct stat" st_blocks "sys/stat.h" STRUCT_STAT_HAS_ST_BLOCKS)
+if(NOT STRUCT_STAT_HAS_ST_BLOCKS)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT)
+endif()
+
+#compile checks
+check_c_source_runs("
+#include<stdio.h>
+#include<stdarg.h>
+#include<string.h>
+#include<stdlib.h>
+
+int test_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	ret = vsnprintf(str, maxsize, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	char buf[6];
+
+	if (test_vsnprintf(buf, 3, \"%s\", \"12345\") != 5
+		|| strcmp(buf, \"12\"))
+			return 1;
+	if (snprintf(buf, 3, \"%s\", \"12345\") != 5
+		|| strcmp(buf, \"12\"))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}"
+SNPRINTF_OK)
+if(NOT SNPRINTF_OK)
+	add_compile_definitions(SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/snprintf.c)
+endif()
+
+check_c_source_runs("
+#include<stdio.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	FILE *f = fopen(\".\", \"r\");
+
+	return f != NULL;
+}"
+FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES_NO)
+if(NOT FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES_NO)
+	add_compile_definitions(FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/fopen.c)
+endif()
+
+check_c_source_compiles("
+#include <regex.h>
+#ifndef REG_STARTEND
+#error oops we dont have it
+#endif
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}"
+HAVE_REGEX)
+if(NOT HAVE_REGEX)
+	include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/compat/regex)
+	list(APPEND compat_SOURCES compat/regex/regex.c )
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_REGEX NO_MBSUPPORT GAWK)
+endif()
+
+
+check_c_source_compiles("
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int val, mib[2];
+	size_t len;
+
+	mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+	mib[1] = 1;
+	len = sizeof(val);
+	return sysctl(mib, 2, &val, &len, NULL, 0) ? 1 : 0;
+}"
+HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL)
+if(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL)
+	add_compile_definitions(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL)
+endif()
+
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${Iconv_LIBRARIES})
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES ${Iconv_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+
+check_c_source_compiles("
+#include <iconv.h>
+
+extern size_t iconv(iconv_t cd,
+		char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft,
+		char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}"
+HAVE_NEW_ICONV)
+if(HAVE_NEW_ICONV)
+	set(HAVE_OLD_ICONV 0)
+else()
+	set(HAVE_OLD_ICONV 1)
+endif()
+
+check_c_source_runs("
+#include <iconv.h>
+#if ${HAVE_OLD_ICONV}
+typedef const char *iconv_ibp;
+#else
+typedef char *iconv_ibp;
+#endif
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int v;
+	iconv_t conv;
+	char in[] = \"a\";
+	iconv_ibp pin = in;
+	char out[20] = \"\";
+	char *pout = out;
+	size_t isz = sizeof(in);
+	size_t osz = sizeof(out);
+
+	conv = iconv_open(\"UTF-16\", \"UTF-8\");
+	iconv(conv, &pin, &isz, &pout, &osz);
+	iconv_close(conv);
+	v = (unsigned char)(out[0]) + (unsigned char)(out[1]);
+	return v != 0xfe + 0xff;
+}"
+ICONV_DOESNOT_OMIT_BOM)
+if(NOT ICONV_DOESNOT_OMIT_BOM)
+	add_compile_definitions(ICONV_OMITS_BOM)
+endif()
+
+unset(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+unset(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES)
+
+
+#programs
+set(PROGRAMS_BUILT
+	git git-bugreport git-credential-store git-daemon git-fast-import git-http-backend git-sh-i18n--envsubst
+	git-shell git-remote-testsvn)
+
+if(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)
+	list(APPEND excluded_progs git-credential-cache git-credential-cache--daemon)
+else()
+	list(APPEND PROGRAMS_BUILT git-credential-cache git-credential-cache--daemon)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT CURL_FOUND)
+	list(APPEND excluded_progs git-http-fetch git-http-push)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_CURL)
+	message(WARNING "git-http-push and git-http-fetch will not be built")
+else()
+	list(APPEND PROGRAMS_BUILT git-http-fetch git-http-push git-imap-send git-remote-http)
+	if(CURL_VERSION_STRING VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 7.34.0)
+		add_compile_definitions(USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(NOT EXPAT_FOUND)
+	list(APPEND excluded_progs git-http-push)
+	add_compile_definitions(NO_EXPAT)
+else()
+	list(APPEND PROGRAMS_BUILT git-http-push)
+	if(EXPAT_VERSION_STRING VERSION_LESS_EQUAL 1.2)
+		add_compile_definitions(EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES excluded_progs)
+list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES PROGRAMS_BUILT)
+
+
+foreach(p ${excluded_progs})
+	list(APPEND EXCLUSION_PROGS --exclude-program ${p} )
+endforeach()
+
+#for comparing null values
+list(APPEND EXCLUSION_PROGS empty)
+set(EXCLUSION_PROGS_CACHE ${EXCLUSION_PROGS} CACHE STRING "Programs not built" FORCE)
+
+if(NOT EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/command-list.h OR NOT EXCLUSION_PROGS_CACHE STREQUAL EXCLUSION_PROGS)
+	list(REMOVE_ITEM EXCLUSION_PROGS empty)
+	message("Generating command-list.h")
+	execute_process(COMMAND ${SH_EXE} ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/generate-cmdlist.sh ${EXCLUSION_PROGS} command-list.txt
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+			OUTPUT_FILE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/command-list.h)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/config-list.h)
+	message("Generating config-list.h")
+	execute_process(COMMAND ${SH_EXE} ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/generate-configlist.sh
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+			OUTPUT_FILE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/config-list.h)
+endif()
+
+include_directories(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+
+#build
+#libgit
+parse_makefile_for_sources(libgit_SOURCES "LIB_OBJS")
+
+list(TRANSFORM libgit_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+list(TRANSFORM compat_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+add_library(libgit ${libgit_SOURCES} ${compat_SOURCES})
+
+#libxdiff
+parse_makefile_for_sources(libxdiff_SOURCES "XDIFF_OBJS")
+
+list(TRANSFORM libxdiff_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+add_library(xdiff STATIC ${libxdiff_SOURCES})
+
+#libvcs-svn
+parse_makefile_for_sources(libvcs-svn_SOURCES "VCSSVN_OBJS")
+
+list(TRANSFORM libvcs-svn_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+add_library(vcs-svn STATIC ${libvcs-svn_SOURCES})
+
+if(WIN32)
+	if(NOT MSVC)#use windres when compiling with gcc and clang
+		add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res
+				COMMAND ${WINDRES_EXE} -O coff -DMAJOR=${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR} -DMINOR=${PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR}
+					-DMICRO=${PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH} -DPATCHLEVEL=0 -DGIT_VERSION="\\\"${PROJECT_VERSION}.GIT\\\""
+					-i ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/git.rc -o ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res
+				WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+				VERBATIM)
+	else()#MSVC use rc
+		add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res
+				COMMAND ${CMAKE_RC_COMPILER} /d MAJOR=${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR} /d MINOR=${PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR}
+					/d MICRO=${PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH} /d PATCHLEVEL=0 /d GIT_VERSION="${PROJECT_VERSION}.GIT"
+					/fo ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/git.rc
+				WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+				VERBATIM)
+	endif()
+	add_custom_target(git-rc DEPENDS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res)
+endif()
+
+#link all required libraries to common-main
+add_library(common-main OBJECT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/common-main.c)
+
+target_link_libraries(common-main libgit xdiff ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES})
+if(Intl_FOUND)
+	target_link_libraries(common-main ${Intl_LIBRARIES})
+endif()
+if(Iconv_FOUND)
+	target_link_libraries(common-main ${Iconv_LIBRARIES})
+endif()
+if(WIN32)
+	target_link_libraries(common-main ws2_32 ntdll ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git.res)
+	add_dependencies(common-main git-rc)
+	if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+		target_link_options(common-main PUBLIC -municode -Wl,--nxcompat -Wl,--dynamicbase -Wl,--pic-executable,-e,mainCRTStartup)
+	elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+		target_link_options(common-main PUBLIC -municode -Wl,-nxcompat -Wl,-dynamicbase -Wl,-entry:wmainCRTStartup -Wl,invalidcontinue.obj)
+	elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC")
+		target_link_options(common-main PUBLIC /IGNORE:4217 /IGNORE:4049 /NOLOGO /ENTRY:wmainCRTStartup /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE invalidcontinue.obj)
+	endif()
+elseif(UNIX)
+	target_link_libraries(common-main pthread rt)
+endif()
+
+#git
+parse_makefile_for_sources(git_SOURCES "BUILTIN_OBJS")
+
+list(TRANSFORM git_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/")
+add_executable(git ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/git.c ${git_SOURCES})
+target_link_libraries(git common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-bugreport ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/bugreport.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-bugreport common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-credential-store ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/credential-store.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-credential-store common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-daemon ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/daemon.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-daemon common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-fast-import ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/fast-import.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-fast-import common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-http-backend ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/http-backend.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-http-backend common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-sh-i18n--envsubst ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/sh-i18n--envsubst.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-sh-i18n--envsubst common-main)
+
+add_executable(git-shell ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/shell.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-shell common-main)
+
+if(CURL_FOUND)
+	add_library(http_obj OBJECT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/http.c)
+
+	add_executable(git-imap-send ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/imap-send.c)
+	target_link_libraries(git-imap-send http_obj common-main ${CURL_LIBRARIES})
+
+	add_executable(git-http-fetch ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/http-walker.c ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/http-fetch.c)
+	target_link_libraries(git-http-fetch http_obj common-main ${CURL_LIBRARIES})
+
+	add_executable(git-remote-http ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/http-walker.c ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/remote-curl.c)
+	target_link_libraries(git-remote-http http_obj common-main ${CURL_LIBRARIES} )
+
+	if(EXPAT_FOUND)
+		add_executable(git-http-push ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/http-push.c)
+		target_link_libraries(git-http-push http_obj common-main ${CURL_LIBRARIES} ${EXPAT_LIBRARIES})
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+add_executable(git-remote-testsvn ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/remote-testsvn.c)
+target_link_libraries(git-remote-testsvn common-main vcs-svn)
+
+if(NOT NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)
+	add_executable(git-credential-cache ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/credential-cache.c)
+	target_link_libraries(git-credential-cache common-main)
+
+	add_executable(git-credential-cache--daemon ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/credential-cache--daemon.c)
+	target_link_libraries(git-credential-cache--daemon common-main)
+endif()
+
+
+set(git_builtin_extra
+	cherry cherry-pick format-patch fsck-objects
+	init merge-subtree restore show
+	stage status switch whatchanged)
+
+#Creating hardlinks
+foreach(s ${git_SOURCES} ${git_builtin_extra})
+	string(REPLACE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/builtin/" "" s ${s})
+	string(REPLACE ".c" "" s ${s})
+	file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CreateLinks.cmake "file(CREATE_LINK git${EXE_EXTENSION} git-${s}${EXE_EXTENSION})\n")
+	list(APPEND git_links ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git-${s}${EXE_EXTENSION})
+endforeach()
+
+if(CURL_FOUND)
+	set(remote_exes
+		git-remote-https git-remote-ftp git-remote-ftps)
+	foreach(s ${remote_exes})
+		file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CreateLinks.cmake "file(CREATE_LINK git-remote-http${EXE_EXTENSION} ${s}${EXE_EXTENSION})\n")
+		list(APPEND git_http_links ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${s}${EXE_EXTENSION})
+	endforeach()
+endif()
+
+add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${git_links} ${git_http_links}
+		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -P ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CreateLinks.cmake
+		DEPENDS git git-remote-http)
+add_custom_target(git-links ALL DEPENDS ${git_links} ${git_http_links})
+
+
+#creating required scripts
+set(SHELL_PATH /bin/sh)
+set(PERL_PATH /usr/bin/perl)
+set(LOCALEDIR ${FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX}/share/locale)
+set(GITWEBDIR ${FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX}/share/locale)
+set(INSTLIBDIR ${FALLBACK_RUNTIME_PREFIX}/share/perl5)
+
+#shell scripts
+parse_makefile_for_scripts(git_sh_scripts "SCRIPT_SH" ".sh")
+parse_makefile_for_scripts(git_shlib_scripts "SCRIPT_LIB" "")
+set(git_shell_scripts
+	${git_sh_scripts} ${git_shlib_scripts} git-instaweb)
+
+foreach(script ${git_shell_scripts})
+	file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/${script}.sh content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+	string(REPLACE "@SHELL_PATH@" "${SHELL_PATH}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@DIFF@@" "diff" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@LOCALEDIR@" "${LOCALEDIR}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@GITWEBDIR@" "${GITWEBDIR}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@NO_CURL@@" "" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@" "" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "# @@BROKEN_PATH_FIX@@" "" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@PERL@@" "${PERL_PATH}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@SANE_TEXT_GREP@@" "-a" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@PAGER_ENV@@" "LESS=FRX LV=-c" content "${content}")
+	file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${script} ${content})
+endforeach()
+
+#perl scripts
+parse_makefile_for_scripts(git_perl_scripts "SCRIPT_PERL" ".perl")
+
+#create perl header
+file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/perl/header_templates/fixed_prefix.template.pl perl_header )
+string(REPLACE "@@PATHSEP@@" ":" perl_header "${perl_header}")
+string(REPLACE "@@INSTLIBDIR@@" "${INSTLIBDIR}" perl_header "${perl_header}")
+
+foreach(script ${git_perl_scripts})
+	file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/${script}.perl content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+	string(REPLACE "#!/usr/bin/perl" "#!/usr/bin/perl\n${perl_header}\n" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@GIT_VERSION@@" "${PROJECT_VERSION}" content "${content}")
+	file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${script} ${content})
+endforeach()
+
+#python script
+file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/git-p4.py content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+string(REPLACE "#!/usr/bin/env python" "#!/usr/bin/python" content "${content}")
+file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git-p4 ${content})
+
+#perl modules
+file(GLOB_RECURSE perl_modules "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/perl/*.pm")
+
+foreach(pm ${perl_modules})
+	string(REPLACE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/perl/" "" file_path ${pm})
+	file(STRINGS ${pm} content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+	string(REPLACE "@@LOCALEDIR@@" "${LOCALEDIR}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@NO_PERL_CPAN_FALLBACKS@@" "" content "${content}")
+	file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/perl/build/lib/${file_path} ${content})
+#test-lib.sh requires perl/build/lib to be the build directory of perl modules
+endforeach()
+
+
+#templates
+file(GLOB templates "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/templates/*")
+list(TRANSFORM templates REPLACE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/templates/" "")
+list(REMOVE_ITEM templates ".gitignore")
+list(REMOVE_ITEM templates "Makefile")
+list(REMOVE_ITEM templates "blt")# Prevents an error when reconfiguring for in source builds
+
+list(REMOVE_ITEM templates "branches--")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/templates/blt/branches) #create branches
+
+#templates have @.*@ replacement so use configure_file instead
+foreach(tm ${templates})
+	string(REPLACE "--" "/" blt_tm ${tm})
+	string(REPLACE "this" "" blt_tm ${blt_tm})# for this--
+	configure_file(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/templates/${tm} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/templates/blt/${blt_tm} @ONLY)
+endforeach()
+
+
+#translations
+if(MSGFMT_EXE)
+	file(GLOB po_files "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/po/*.po")
+	list(TRANSFORM po_files REPLACE "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/po/" "")
+	list(TRANSFORM po_files REPLACE ".po" "")
+	foreach(po ${po_files})
+		file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/po/build/locale/${po}/LC_MESSAGES)
+		add_custom_command(OUTPUT ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/po/build/locale/${po}/LC_MESSAGES/git.mo
+				COMMAND ${MSGFMT_EXE} --check --statistics -o ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/po/build/locale/${po}/LC_MESSAGES/git.mo ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/po/${po}.po)
+		list(APPEND po_gen ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/po/build/locale/${po}/LC_MESSAGES/git.mo)
+	endforeach()
+	add_custom_target(po-gen ALL DEPENDS ${po_gen})
+endif()
+
+
+#to help with the install
+list(TRANSFORM git_shell_scripts PREPEND "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/")
+list(TRANSFORM git_perl_scripts PREPEND "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/")
+
+#install
+install(TARGETS git git-shell
+	RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
+install(PROGRAMS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git-cvsserver
+	DESTINATION bin)
+
+list(REMOVE_ITEM PROGRAMS_BUILT git git-shell)
+install(TARGETS ${PROGRAMS_BUILT}
+	RUNTIME DESTINATION libexec/git-core)
+
+set(bin_links
+	git-receive-pack git-upload-archive git-upload-pack)
+
+foreach(b ${bin_links})
+install(CODE "file(CREATE_LINK ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/git${EXE_EXTENSION} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/${b}${EXE_EXTENSION})")
+endforeach()
+
+install(CODE "file(CREATE_LINK ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/git${EXE_EXTENSION} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec/git-core/git${EXE_EXTENSION})")
+install(CODE "file(CREATE_LINK ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/git-shell${EXE_EXTENSION} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec/git-core/git-shell${EXE_EXTENSION})")
+
+foreach(b ${git_links})
+	string(REPLACE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "" b ${b})
+	install(CODE "file(CREATE_LINK ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/git${EXE_EXTENSION} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec/git-core/${b}${EXE_EXTENSION})")
+endforeach()
+
+foreach(b ${git_http_links})
+	string(REPLACE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" "" b ${b})
+	install(CODE "file(CREATE_LINK  ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec/git-core/git-remote-http${EXE_EXTENSION} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/libexec/git-core/${b}${EXE_EXTENSION})")
+endforeach()
+
+install(PROGRAMS ${git_shell_scripts} ${git_perl_scripts} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/git-p4
+	DESTINATION libexec/git-core)
+
+install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mergetools DESTINATION libexec/git-core)
+install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/perl/build/lib/ DESTINATION share/perl5
+	FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.pm")
+install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/templates/blt/ DESTINATION share/git-core/templates)
+
+if(MSGFMT_EXE)
+	install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/po/build/locale DESTINATION share)
+endif()
+
+
+if(BUILD_TESTING)
+
+#tests-helpers
+add_executable(test-fake-ssh ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-fake-ssh.c)
+target_link_libraries(test-fake-ssh common-main)
+
+add_executable(test-line-buffer ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-line-buffer.c)
+target_link_libraries(test-line-buffer common-main vcs-svn)
+
+add_executable(test-svn-fe ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-svn-fe.c)
+target_link_libraries(test-svn-fe common-main vcs-svn)
+
+#test-tool
+parse_makefile_for_sources(test-tool_SOURCES "TEST_BUILTINS_OBJS")
+
+list(TRANSFORM test-tool_SOURCES PREPEND "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/")
+add_executable(test-tool ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/helper/test-tool.c ${test-tool_SOURCES})
+target_link_libraries(test-tool common-main)
+
+set_target_properties(test-fake-ssh test-line-buffer test-svn-fe test-tool
+			PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/t/helper)
+
+if(MSVC)
+	set_target_properties(test-fake-ssh test-line-buffer test-svn-fe test-tool
+				PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/t/helper)
+	set_target_properties(test-fake-ssh test-line-buffer test-svn-fe test-tool
+				PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/t/helper)
+endif()
+
+#wrapper scripts
+set(wrapper_scripts
+	git git-upload-pack git-receive-pack git-upload-archive git-shell git-remote-ext)
+
+set(wrapper_test_scripts
+	test-fake-ssh test-line-buffer test-svn-fe test-tool)
+
+
+foreach(script ${wrapper_scripts})
+	file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/wrap-for-bin.sh content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+	string(REPLACE "@@BUILD_DIR@@" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@PROG@@" "${script}${EXE_EXTENSION}" content "${content}")
+	file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin-wrappers/${script} ${content})
+endforeach()
+
+foreach(script ${wrapper_test_scripts})
+	file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/wrap-for-bin.sh content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+	string(REPLACE "@@BUILD_DIR@@" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" content "${content}")
+	string(REPLACE "@@PROG@@" "t/helper/${script}${EXE_EXTENSION}" content "${content}")
+	file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin-wrappers/${script} ${content})
+endforeach()
+
+file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/wrap-for-bin.sh content NEWLINE_CONSUME)
+string(REPLACE "@@BUILD_DIR@@" "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" content "${content}")
+string(REPLACE "@@PROG@@" "git-cvsserver" content "${content}")
+file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin-wrappers/git-cvsserver ${content})
+
+#options for configuring test options
+option(PERL_TESTS "Perform tests that use perl" ON)
+option(PYTHON_TESTS "Perform tests that use python" ON)
+
+#GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+set(TEST_SHELL_PATH ${SHELL_PATH})
+set(DIFF diff)
+set(PYTHON_PATH /usr/bin/python)
+set(TAR tar)
+set(NO_CURL )
+set(NO_EXPAT )
+set(USE_LIBPCRE1 )
+set(USE_LIBPCRE2 )
+set(NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT )
+set(NO_PERL )
+set(NO_PTHREADS )
+set(NO_PYTHON )
+set(PAGER_ENV "LESS=FRX LV=-c")
+set(DC_SHA1 YesPlease)
+set(RUNTIME_PREFIX true)
+set(NO_GETTEXT )
+
+if(NOT CURL_FOUND)
+	set(NO_CURL 1)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT EXPAT_FOUND)
+	set(NO_EXPAT 1)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT Intl_FOUND)
+	set(NO_GETTEXT 1)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT PERL_TESTS)
+	set(NO_PERL 1)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT PYTHON_TESTS)
+	set(NO_PYTHON 1)
+endif()
+
+file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "SHELL_PATH='${SHELL_PATH}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "TEST_SHELL_PATH='${TEST_SHELL_PATH}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "PERL_PATH='${PERL_PATH}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "DIFF='${DIFF}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "PYTHON_PATH='${PYTHON_PATH}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "TAR='${TAR}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_CURL='${NO_CURL}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_EXPAT='${NO_EXPAT}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "USE_LIBPCRE1='${USE_LIBPCRE1}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT='${NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_PERL='${NO_PERL}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_PTHREADS='${NO_PTHREADS}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_UNIX_SOCKETS='${NO_UNIX_SOCKETS}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "PAGER_ENV='${PAGER_ENV}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "DC_SHA1='${DC_SHA1}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "X='${EXE_EXTENSION}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_GETTEXT='${NO_GETTEXT}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "RUNTIME_PREFIX='${RUNTIME_PREFIX}'\n")
+file(APPEND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS "NO_PYTHON='${NO_PYTHON}'\n")
+
+#Make the tests work when building out of the source tree
+get_filename_component(CACHE_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../CMakeCache.txt ABSOLUTE)
+if(NOT ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeCache.txt STREQUAL ${CACHE_PATH})
+	file(RELATIVE_PATH BUILD_DIR_RELATIVE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeCache.txt)
+	string(REPLACE "/CMakeCache.txt" "" BUILD_DIR_RELATIVE ${BUILD_DIR_RELATIVE})
+	#Setting the build directory in test-lib.sh before running tests
+	file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CTestCustom.cmake
+		"file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/test-lib.sh GIT_BUILD_DIR_REPL REGEX \"GIT_BUILD_DIR=(.*)\")\n"
+		"file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/test-lib.sh content NEWLINE_CONSUME)\n"
+		"string(REPLACE \"\${GIT_BUILD_DIR_REPL}\" \"GIT_BUILD_DIR=\\\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\\\"/../${BUILD_DIR_RELATIVE}\" content \"\${content}\")\n"
+		"file(WRITE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/test-lib.sh \${content})")
+	#misc copies
+	file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/chainlint.sed DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/t/)
+	file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/po/is.po DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/po/)
+	file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mergetools/tkdiff DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mergetools/)
+	file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/contrib/completion/)
+	file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/contrib/completion/)
+	file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/contrib/svn-fe/)
+endif()
+
+file(GLOB test_scipts "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t/t[0-9]*.sh")
+
+#test
+foreach(tsh ${test_scipts})
+	add_test(NAME ${tsh}
+		COMMAND ${SH_EXE} ${tsh}
+		WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/t)
+endforeach()
+
+endif()#BUILD_TESTING
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index ee468ea..9147fba 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@
 #     When set to "1", do not include "DWIM" suggestions in git-checkout
 #     and git-switch completion (e.g., completing "foo" when "origin/foo"
 #     exists).
+#
+#   GIT_COMPLETION_SHOW_ALL
+#
+#     When set to "1" suggest all options, including options which are
+#     typically hidden (e.g. '--allow-empty' for 'git commit').
 
 case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
 *:*) : great ;;
@@ -411,10 +416,17 @@
 	local options
 	eval "options=\${$var-}"
 
+	local completion_helper
+	if [ "$GIT_COMPLETION_SHOW_ALL" = "1" ]; then
+		completion_helper="--git-completion-helper-all"
+	else
+		completion_helper="--git-completion-helper"
+	fi
+
 	if [ -z "$options" ]; then
 		# leading and trailing spaces are significant to make
 		# option removal work correctly.
-		options=" $incl $(__git ${cmd/_/ } --git-completion-helper) " || return
+		options=" $incl $(__git ${cmd/_/ } $completion_helper) " || return
 
 		for i in $excl; do
 			options="${options/ $i / }"
@@ -1712,8 +1724,8 @@
 }
 
 __git_mergetools_common="diffuse diffmerge ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
-			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc
-			codecompare smerge
+			tkdiff vimdiff nvimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge
+			bc codecompare smerge
 "
 
 _git_difftool ()
@@ -2907,6 +2919,14 @@
 		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_submodule_formats" "" "${cur##--submodule=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--color-moved=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_color_moved_opts" "" "${cur##--color-moved=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--color-moved-ws=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_color_moved_ws_opts" "" "${cur##--color-moved-ws=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --no-abbrev-commit
 			--oneline --show-signature --patch
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
index 352deda..0db02fe 100644
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
@@ -139,12 +139,12 @@
 
 -m <message>::
 --message=<message>::
-	This option is only valid for add, merge and pull (unsure).
+	This option is only valid for add, merge, pull, and split --rejoin.
 	Specify <message> as the commit message for the merge commit.
 
 
-OPTIONS FOR add, merge, push, pull
-----------------------------------
+OPTIONS FOR add, merge, and pull
+--------------------------------
 --squash::
 	This option is only valid for add, merge, and pull
 	commands.
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
index 53d7acc..57ff4b2 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -196,8 +196,7 @@
 		cd "$subtree_test_count" &&
 		git fetch ./"sub proj" master &&
 		git subtree merge --prefix="sub dir" FETCH_HEAD &&
-		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" \
-			"Merge commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\'' into master"
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Merge commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\''"
 	)
 '
 
@@ -274,8 +273,7 @@
 		cd "$test_count" &&
 		git fetch ./subproj master &&
 		git subtree merge --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD &&
-		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" \
-			"Merge commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\'' into master"
+		check_equal "$(last_commit_message)" "Merge commit '\''$(git rev-parse FETCH_HEAD)'\''"
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index fd669ed..2ab7ea8 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
 	return NULL;		/* Fallthrough. Deny by default */
 }
 
-typedef int (*daemon_service_fn)(const struct argv_array *env);
+typedef int (*daemon_service_fn)(const struct strvec *env);
 struct daemon_service {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *config_name;
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
 }
 
 static int run_service(const char *dir, struct daemon_service *service,
-		       struct hostinfo *hi, const struct argv_array *env)
+		       struct hostinfo *hi, const struct strvec *env)
 {
 	const char *path;
 	int enabled = service->enabled;
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
 
 static int run_service_command(struct child_process *cld)
 {
-	argv_array_push(&cld->args, ".");
+	strvec_push(&cld->args, ".");
 	cld->git_cmd = 1;
 	cld->err = -1;
 	if (start_command(cld))
@@ -476,33 +476,33 @@
 	return finish_command(cld);
 }
 
-static int upload_pack(const struct argv_array *env)
+static int upload_pack(const struct strvec *env)
 {
 	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cld.args, "upload-pack", "--strict", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cld.args, "--timeout=%u", timeout);
+	strvec_pushl(&cld.args, "upload-pack", "--strict", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cld.args, "--timeout=%u", timeout);
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&cld.env_array, env->argv);
+	strvec_pushv(&cld.env_array, env->v);
 
 	return run_service_command(&cld);
 }
 
-static int upload_archive(const struct argv_array *env)
+static int upload_archive(const struct strvec *env)
 {
 	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	argv_array_push(&cld.args, "upload-archive");
+	strvec_push(&cld.args, "upload-archive");
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&cld.env_array, env->argv);
+	strvec_pushv(&cld.env_array, env->v);
 
 	return run_service_command(&cld);
 }
 
-static int receive_pack(const struct argv_array *env)
+static int receive_pack(const struct strvec *env)
 {
 	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-	argv_array_push(&cld.args, "receive-pack");
+	strvec_push(&cld.args, "receive-pack");
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&cld.env_array, env->argv);
+	strvec_pushv(&cld.env_array, env->v);
 
 	return run_service_command(&cld);
 }
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@
 	return extra_args;
 }
 
-static void parse_extra_args(struct hostinfo *hi, struct argv_array *env,
+static void parse_extra_args(struct hostinfo *hi, struct strvec *env,
 			     char *extra_args, int buflen)
 {
 	const char *end = extra_args + buflen;
@@ -664,8 +664,8 @@
 
 	if (git_protocol.len > 0) {
 		loginfo("Extended attribute \"protocol\": %s", git_protocol.buf);
-		argv_array_pushf(env, GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT "=%s",
-				 git_protocol.buf);
+		strvec_pushf(env, GIT_PROTOCOL_ENVIRONMENT "=%s",
+			     git_protocol.buf);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&git_protocol);
 }
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@
 	int pktlen, len, i;
 	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
 	struct hostinfo hi;
-	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec env = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	hostinfo_init(&hi);
 
@@ -794,13 +794,13 @@
 			 */
 			int rc = run_service(arg, s, &hi, &env);
 			hostinfo_clear(&hi);
-			argv_array_clear(&env);
+			strvec_clear(&env);
 			return rc;
 		}
 	}
 
 	hostinfo_clear(&hi);
-	argv_array_clear(&env);
+	strvec_clear(&env);
 	logerror("Protocol error: '%s'", line);
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@
 			cradle = &blanket->next;
 }
 
-static struct argv_array cld_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct strvec cld_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
 	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
@@ -913,21 +913,21 @@
 		char buf[128] = "";
 		struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *) addr;
 		inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, &sin_addr->sin_addr, buf, sizeof(buf));
-		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_ADDR=%s", buf);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
-				 ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
+		strvec_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_ADDR=%s", buf);
+		strvec_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
+			     ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
 	} else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
 		char buf[128] = "";
 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
 		inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &sin6_addr->sin6_addr, buf, sizeof(buf));
-		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_ADDR=[%s]", buf);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
-				 ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port));
+		strvec_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_ADDR=[%s]", buf);
+		strvec_pushf(&cld.env_array, "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
+			     ntohs(sin6_addr->sin6_port));
 #endif
 	}
 
-	cld.argv = cld_argv.argv;
+	cld.argv = cld_argv.v;
 	cld.in = incoming;
 	cld.out = dup(incoming);
 
@@ -1476,10 +1476,10 @@
 		write_file(pid_file, "%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t) getpid());
 
 	/* prepare argv for serving-processes */
-	argv_array_push(&cld_argv, argv[0]); /* git-daemon */
-	argv_array_push(&cld_argv, "--serve");
+	strvec_push(&cld_argv, argv[0]); /* git-daemon */
+	strvec_push(&cld_argv, "--serve");
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
-		argv_array_push(&cld_argv, argv[i]);
+		strvec_push(&cld_argv, argv[i]);
 
 	return serve(&listen_addr, listen_port, cred);
 }
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index 25fd2de..50521e2 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -219,7 +219,8 @@
 				continue;
 			} else if (revs->diffopt.ita_invisible_in_index &&
 				   ce_intent_to_add(ce)) {
-				diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '+', ce->ce_mode,
+				newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+				diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '+', newmode,
 					       &null_oid, 0, ce->name, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index d24aaa3..e3a5ee3 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
@@ -4192,14 +4192,14 @@
 }
 
 static void add_external_diff_name(struct repository *r,
-				   struct argv_array *argv,
+				   struct strvec *argv,
 				   const char *name,
 				   struct diff_filespec *df)
 {
 	struct diff_tempfile *temp = prepare_temp_file(r, name, df);
-	argv_array_push(argv, temp->name);
-	argv_array_push(argv, temp->hex);
-	argv_array_push(argv, temp->mode);
+	strvec_push(argv, temp->name);
+	strvec_push(argv, temp->hex);
+	strvec_push(argv, temp->mode);
 }
 
 /* An external diff command takes:
@@ -4216,12 +4216,12 @@
 			      const char *xfrm_msg,
 			      struct diff_options *o)
 {
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
+	struct strvec env = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 
-	argv_array_push(&argv, pgm);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, name);
+	strvec_push(&argv, pgm);
+	strvec_push(&argv, name);
 
 	if (one && two) {
 		add_external_diff_name(o->repo, &argv, name, one);
@@ -4229,22 +4229,22 @@
 			add_external_diff_name(o->repo, &argv, name, two);
 		else {
 			add_external_diff_name(o->repo, &argv, other, two);
-			argv_array_push(&argv, other);
-			argv_array_push(&argv, xfrm_msg);
+			strvec_push(&argv, other);
+			strvec_push(&argv, xfrm_msg);
 		}
 	}
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER=%d", ++o->diff_path_counter);
-	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL=%d", q->nr);
+	strvec_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER=%d", ++o->diff_path_counter);
+	strvec_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL=%d", q->nr);
 
 	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
 	diff_free_filespec_data(two);
-	if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv.argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env.argv))
+	if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv.v, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env.v))
 		die(_("external diff died, stopping at %s"), name);
 
 	remove_tempfile();
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
-	argv_array_clear(&env);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&env);
 }
 
 static int similarity_index(struct diff_filepair *p)
@@ -4319,7 +4319,10 @@
 	}
 	if (one && two && !oideq(&one->oid, &two->oid)) {
 		const unsigned hexsz = the_hash_algo->hexsz;
-		int abbrev = o->flags.full_index ? hexsz : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+		int abbrev = o->abbrev ? o->abbrev : DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+
+		if (o->flags.full_index)
+			abbrev = hexsz;
 
 		if (o->flags.binary) {
 			mmfile_t mf;
@@ -6044,6 +6047,8 @@
 	struct patch_id_t *data = priv;
 	int new_len;
 
+	if (len > 12 && starts_with(line, "\\ "))
+		return;
 	new_len = remove_space(line, len);
 
 	the_hash_algo->update_fn(data->ctx, line, new_len);
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index 9443dc1..e0c0af6 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -431,11 +431,11 @@
 	struct combine_diff_path *p, const struct object_id *oid,
 	const struct object_id **parents_oid, int nparent,
 	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
-int diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-		  const struct object_id *new_oid,
-		  const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
-int diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid, const char *base,
-		       struct diff_options *opt);
+void diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+		   const struct object_id *new_oid,
+		   const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+void diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid, const char *base,
+			struct diff_options *opt);
 
 struct combine_diff_path {
 	struct combine_diff_path *next;
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 1045cc9..3018a65 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@
 static int resolve_dtype(int dtype, struct index_state *istate,
 			 const char *path, int len);
 
+void dir_init(struct dir_struct *dir)
+{
+	memset(dir, 0, sizeof(*dir));
+}
+
 int count_slashes(const char *s)
 {
 	int cnt = 0;
@@ -916,6 +921,8 @@
 		free(pl->patterns[i]);
 	free(pl->patterns);
 	free(pl->filebuf);
+	hashmap_free_entries(&pl->recursive_hashmap, struct pattern_entry, ent);
+	hashmap_free_entries(&pl->parent_hashmap, struct pattern_entry, ent);
 
 	memset(pl, 0, sizeof(*pl));
 }
@@ -1792,9 +1799,12 @@
 		nested_repo = is_nonbare_repository_dir(&sb);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 	}
-	if (nested_repo)
-		return ((dir->flags & DIR_SKIP_NESTED_GIT) ? path_none :
-			(excluded ? path_excluded : path_untracked));
+	if (nested_repo) {
+		if ((dir->flags & DIR_SKIP_NESTED_GIT) ||
+		    (matches_how == MATCHED_RECURSIVELY_LEADING_PATHSPEC))
+			return path_none;
+		return excluded ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
+	}
 
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)) {
 		if (excluded &&
@@ -2209,13 +2219,13 @@
 				       baselen, excluded, pathspec);
 	case DT_REG:
 	case DT_LNK:
-		if (excluded)
-			return path_excluded;
 		if (pathspec &&
 		    !match_pathspec(istate, pathspec, path->buf, path->len,
 				    0 /* prefix */, NULL /* seen */,
 				    0 /* is_dir */))
 			return path_none;
+		if (excluded)
+			return path_excluded;
 		return path_untracked;
 	}
 }
@@ -3009,10 +3019,10 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Frees memory within dir which was allocated for exclude lists and
- * the exclude_stack.  Does not free dir itself.
+ * Frees memory within dir which was allocated, and resets fields for further
+ * use.  Does not free dir itself.
  */
-void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir)
+void dir_clear(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	int i, j;
 	struct exclude_list_group *group;
@@ -3030,6 +3040,13 @@
 		free(group->pl);
 	}
 
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->ignored_nr; i++)
+		free(dir->ignored[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++)
+		free(dir->entries[i]);
+	free(dir->ignored);
+	free(dir->entries);
+
 	stk = dir->exclude_stack;
 	while (stk) {
 		struct exclude_stack *prev = stk->prev;
@@ -3037,6 +3054,8 @@
 		stk = prev;
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&dir->basebuf);
+
+	dir_init(dir);
 }
 
 struct ondisk_untracked_cache {
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 5855c06..a3c40de 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -19,24 +19,23 @@
  * CE_SKIP_WORKTREE marked. If you want to exclude files, make sure you have
  * loaded the index first.
  *
- * - Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
- * sizeof(dir))`.
+ * - Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` using `dir_init()` function.
  *
  * - To add single exclude pattern, call `add_pattern_list()` and then
  *   `add_pattern()`.
  *
  * - To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
- *   `add_patterns_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
- *   short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
- *   up the standard set of exclude settings.
+ *   `add_patterns_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.
  *
- * - Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
+ * - A short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
+ *   up the standard set of exclude settings, instead of manually calling
+ *   the add_pattern*() family of functions.
  *
- * - Call `read_directory()`.
+ * - Call `fill_directory()`.
  *
- * - Use `dir.entries[]`.
+ * - Use `dir.entries[]` and `dir.ignored[]`.
  *
- * - Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
+ * - Call `dir_clear()` when the contained elements are no longer in use.
  *
  */
 
@@ -362,6 +361,8 @@
 int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen, int depth, int max_depth);
 
+void dir_init(struct dir_struct *dir);
+
 int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		   struct index_state *istate,
 		   const struct pathspec *pathspec);
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@
 void add_pattern(const char *string, const char *base,
 		 int baselen, struct pattern_list *pl, int srcpos);
 void clear_pattern_list(struct pattern_list *pl);
-void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir);
+void dir_clear(struct dir_struct *dir);
 
 int repo_file_exists(struct repository *repo, const char *path);
 int file_exists(const char *);
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index 91989ee..6303ae0 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 	const char *editor = getenv("GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR");
 
 	if (!editor)
-		git_config_get_string_const("sequence.editor", &editor);
+		git_config_get_string_tmp("sequence.editor", &editor);
 	if (!editor)
 		editor = git_editor();
 
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 449bd32..a0532f1 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -510,8 +510,6 @@
 			/* If it is a gitlink, leave it alone! */
 			if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 				return 0;
-			if (!state->force)
-				return error("%s is a directory", path.buf);
 			remove_subtree(&path);
 		} else if (unlink(path.buf))
 			return error_errno("unable to unlink old '%s'", path.buf);
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index aaca0e9..bb518c6 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "fmt-merge-msg.h"
 #include "commit.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "chdir-notify.h"
 #include "shallow.h"
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 int repository_format_worktree_config;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
-const char *apply_default_whitespace;
-const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
+char *apply_default_whitespace;
+char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
 const char *git_attributes_file;
 const char *git_hooks_path;
 int zlib_compression_level = Z_BEST_SPEED;
@@ -156,15 +156,15 @@
  * Wrapper of getenv() that returns a strdup value. This value is kept
  * in argv to be freed later.
  */
-static const char *getenv_safe(struct argv_array *argv, const char *name)
+static const char *getenv_safe(struct strvec *argv, const char *name)
 {
 	const char *value = getenv(name);
 
 	if (!value)
 		return NULL;
 
-	argv_array_push(argv, value);
-	return argv->argv[argv->argc - 1];
+	strvec_push(argv, value);
+	return argv->v[argv->nr - 1];
 }
 
 void setup_git_env(const char *git_dir)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
 	const char *shallow_file;
 	const char *replace_ref_base;
 	struct set_gitdir_args args = { NULL };
-	struct argv_array to_free = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec to_free = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	args.commondir = getenv_safe(&to_free, GIT_COMMON_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 	args.object_dir = getenv_safe(&to_free, DB_ENVIRONMENT);
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 	args.index_file = getenv_safe(&to_free, INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
 	args.alternate_db = getenv_safe(&to_free, ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT);
 	repo_set_gitdir(the_repository, git_dir, &args);
-	argv_array_clear(&to_free);
+	strvec_clear(&to_free);
 
 	if (getenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT))
 		read_replace_refs = 0;
diff --git a/exec-cmd.c b/exec-cmd.c
index 7deeab3..eeb2ee5 100644
--- a/exec-cmd.c
+++ b/exec-cmd.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "exec-cmd.h"
 #include "quote.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 #if defined(RUNTIME_PREFIX)
 
@@ -320,26 +320,26 @@
 	strbuf_release(&new_path);
 }
 
-const char **prepare_git_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv)
+const char **prepare_git_cmd(struct strvec *out, const char **argv)
 {
-	argv_array_push(out, "git");
-	argv_array_pushv(out, argv);
-	return out->argv;
+	strvec_push(out, "git");
+	strvec_pushv(out, argv);
+	return out->v;
 }
 
 int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv)
 {
-	struct argv_array nargv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec nargv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	prepare_git_cmd(&nargv, argv);
-	trace_argv_printf(nargv.argv, "trace: exec:");
+	trace_argv_printf(nargv.v, "trace: exec:");
 
 	/* execvp() can only ever return if it fails */
-	sane_execvp("git", (char **)nargv.argv);
+	sane_execvp("git", (char **)nargv.v);
 
 	trace_printf("trace: exec failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
-	argv_array_clear(&nargv);
+	strvec_clear(&nargv);
 	return -1;
 }
 
diff --git a/exec-cmd.h b/exec-cmd.h
index 8cd1df2..330b41d 100644
--- a/exec-cmd.h
+++ b/exec-cmd.h
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #ifndef GIT_EXEC_CMD_H
 #define GIT_EXEC_CMD_H
 
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 
 void git_set_exec_path(const char *exec_path);
 void git_resolve_executable_dir(const char *path);
 const char *git_exec_path(void);
 void setup_path(void);
-const char **prepare_git_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv);
+const char **prepare_git_cmd(struct strvec *out, const char **argv);
 int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv); /* NULL terminated */
 LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd, ...);
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index 0dfa14d..c45fe74 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -526,14 +526,6 @@
 	return r;
 }
 
-static char *pool_strdup(const char *s)
-{
-	size_t len = strlen(s) + 1;
-	char *r = mem_pool_alloc(&fi_mem_pool, len);
-	memcpy(r, s, len);
-	return r;
-}
-
 static void insert_mark(struct mark_set *s, uintmax_t idnum, struct object_entry *oe)
 {
 	while ((idnum >> s->shift) >= 1024) {
@@ -615,7 +607,7 @@
 		die("Branch name doesn't conform to GIT standards: %s", name);
 
 	b = mem_pool_calloc(&fi_mem_pool, 1, sizeof(struct branch));
-	b->name = pool_strdup(name);
+	b->name = mem_pool_strdup(&fi_mem_pool, name);
 	b->table_next_branch = branch_table[hc];
 	b->branch_tree.versions[0].mode = S_IFDIR;
 	b->branch_tree.versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
@@ -843,9 +835,9 @@
 	unpack.in = p->pack_fd;
 	unpack.git_cmd = 1;
 	unpack.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&unpack.args, "unpack-objects");
+	strvec_push(&unpack.args, "unpack-objects");
 	if (!show_stats)
-		argv_array_push(&unpack.args, "-q");
+		strvec_push(&unpack.args, "-q");
 
 	return run_command(&unpack);
 }
@@ -2806,7 +2798,7 @@
 
 	t = mem_pool_alloc(&fi_mem_pool, sizeof(struct tag));
 	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct tag));
-	t->name = pool_strdup(arg);
+	t->name = mem_pool_strdup(&fi_mem_pool, arg);
 	if (last_tag)
 		last_tag->next_tag = t;
 	else
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
index 80fb3bd..d467edc 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -835,30 +835,30 @@
 	}
 
 	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--shallow-file");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, alternate_shallow_file);
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--shallow-file");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, alternate_shallow_file);
 	}
 
 	if (do_keep || args->from_promisor) {
 		if (pack_lockfiles)
 			cmd.out = -1;
 		cmd_name = "index-pack";
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, cmd_name);
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--stdin");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, cmd_name);
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--stdin");
 		if (!args->quiet && !args->no_progress)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-v");
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-v");
 		if (args->use_thin_pack)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--fix-thin");
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--fix-thin");
 		if (do_keep && (args->lock_pack || unpack_limit)) {
 			char hostname[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
 			if (xgethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
 				xsnprintf(hostname, sizeof(hostname), "localhost");
-			argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args,
-					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on %s",
-					(uintmax_t)getpid(), hostname);
+			strvec_pushf(&cmd.args,
+				     "--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on %s",
+				     (uintmax_t)getpid(), hostname);
 		}
 		if (only_packfile && args->check_self_contained_and_connected)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--check-self-contained-and-connected");
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--check-self-contained-and-connected");
 		else
 			/*
 			 * We cannot perform any connectivity checks because
@@ -866,26 +866,29 @@
 			 * have this responsibility.
 			 */
 			args->check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
-		/*
-		 * If we're obtaining the filename of a lockfile, we'll use
-		 * that filename to write a .promisor file with more
-		 * information below. If not, we need index-pack to do it for
-		 * us.
-		 */
-		if (!(do_keep && pack_lockfiles) && args->from_promisor)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--promisor");
+
+		if (args->from_promisor)
+			/*
+			 * write_promisor_file() may be called afterwards but
+			 * we still need index-pack to know that this is a
+			 * promisor pack. For example, if transfer.fsckobjects
+			 * is true, index-pack needs to know that .gitmodules
+			 * is a promisor object (so that it won't complain if
+			 * it is missing).
+			 */
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--promisor");
 	}
 	else {
 		cmd_name = "unpack-objects";
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, cmd_name);
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, cmd_name);
 		if (args->quiet || args->no_progress)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-q");
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-q");
 		args->check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
 	}
 
 	if (pass_header)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-				 ntohl(header.hdr_version),
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd.args, "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+			     ntohl(header.hdr_version),
 				 ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
 	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
 	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
@@ -898,10 +901,10 @@
 			 * checks both broken objects and links, but we only
 			 * want to check for broken objects.
 			 */
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--fsck-objects");
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--fsck-objects");
 		else
-			argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--strict%s",
-					 fsck_msg_types.buf);
+			strvec_pushf(&cmd.args, "--strict%s",
+				     fsck_msg_types.buf);
 	}
 
 	cmd.in = demux.out;
@@ -1652,11 +1655,11 @@
 		const char *uri = packfile_uris.items[i].string +
 			the_hash_algo->hexsz + 1;
 
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "http-fetch");
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--packfile=%.*s",
-				 (int) the_hash_algo->hexsz,
-				 packfile_uris.items[i].string);
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, uri);
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "http-fetch");
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd.args, "--packfile=%.*s",
+			     (int) the_hash_algo->hexsz,
+			     packfile_uris.items[i].string);
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, uri);
 		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
 		cmd.no_stdin = 1;
 		cmd.out = -1;
diff --git a/fmt-merge-msg.c b/fmt-merge-msg.c
index cfb8ff2..bd22e1e 100644
--- a/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 
 static int use_branch_desc;
+static int suppress_dest_pattern_seen;
+static struct string_list suppress_dest_patterns = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 int fmt_merge_msg_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -22,6 +24,14 @@
 			merge_log_config = DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN;
 	} else if (!strcmp(key, "merge.branchdesc")) {
 		use_branch_desc = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "merge.suppressdest")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(key);
+		if (!*value)
+			string_list_clear(&suppress_dest_patterns, 0);
+		else
+			string_list_append(&suppress_dest_patterns, value);
+		suppress_dest_pattern_seen = 1;
 	} else {
 		return git_default_config(key, value, cb);
 	}
@@ -403,6 +413,24 @@
 	string_list_clear(&subjects, 0);
 }
 
+/*
+ * See if dest_branch matches with any glob pattern on the
+ * suppress_dest_patterns list.
+ *
+ * We may want to also allow negative matches e.g. ":!glob" like we do
+ * for pathspec, but for now, let's keep it simple and stupid.
+ */
+static int dest_suppressed(const char *dest_branch)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &suppress_dest_patterns) {
+		if (!wildmatch(item->string, dest_branch, WM_PATHNAME))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void fmt_merge_msg_title(struct strbuf *out,
 				const char *current_branch)
 {
@@ -451,7 +479,9 @@
 			strbuf_addf(out, " of %s", srcs.items[i].string);
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(out, " into %s\n", current_branch);
+	if (!dest_suppressed(current_branch))
+		strbuf_addf(out, " into %s", current_branch);
+	strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
 }
 
 static void fmt_tag_signature(struct strbuf *tagbuf,
@@ -596,6 +626,9 @@
 	void *current_branch_to_free;
 	struct merge_parents merge_parents;
 
+	if (!suppress_dest_pattern_seen)
+		string_list_append(&suppress_dest_patterns, "master");
+
 	memset(&merge_parents, 0, sizeof(merge_parents));
 
 	/* get current branch */
diff --git a/fsmonitor.c b/fsmonitor.c
index 932bd90..ca031c3 100644
--- a/fsmonitor.c
+++ b/fsmonitor.c
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@
 	if (!core_fsmonitor)
 		return -1;
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, core_fsmonitor);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "%d", version);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "%s", last_update);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, core_fsmonitor);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "%d", version);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "%s", last_update);
 	cp.use_shell = 1;
 	cp.dir = get_git_work_tree();
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
 				 * Need to use a char * variable because static
 				 * analysis was suggesting to use strbuf_addbuf
 				 * but we don't want to copy the entire strbuf
-				 * only the the chars up to the first NUL
+				 * only the chars up to the first NUL
 				 */
 				buf = query_result.buf;
 				strbuf_addstr(&last_update_token, buf);
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index eefc8ee..c28e35b 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 bisect_head()
 {
-	if test -f "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_HEAD"
+	if git rev-parse --verify -q BISECT_HEAD > /dev/null
 	then
 		echo BISECT_HEAD
 	else
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 5637114..7a0fb7a 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -252,8 +252,10 @@
 #ifdef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
 #include "compat/precompose_utf8.h"
 #else
-#define precompose_str(in,i_nfd2nfc)
-#define precompose_argv(c,v)
+static inline void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	; /* nothing */
+}
 #define probe_utf8_pathname_composition()
 #endif
 
@@ -270,7 +272,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef NO_SETITIMER
-#define setitimer(which,value,ovalue)
+static inline int setitimer(int which, const struct itimerval *value, struct itimerval *newvalue) {
+	; /* nothing */
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_LIBGEN_H
@@ -1231,8 +1235,14 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifndef _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
-#define flockfile(fh)
-#define funlockfile(fh)
+static inline void flockfile(FILE *fh)
+{
+	; /* nothing */
+}
+static inline void funlockfile(FILE *fh)
+{
+	; /* nothing */
+}
 #define getc_unlocked(fh) getc(fh)
 #endif
 
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
index 6483d79..0ae8bce 100755
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 my $repo = Git->repository();
 $opt_w = $repo->config('cvsexportcommit.cvsdir') unless defined $opt_w;
 
-my $tmpdir = File::Temp->newdir;
+my $tmpdir = File::Temp::tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);
 my $hash_algo = $repo->config('extensions.objectformat') || 'sha1';
 my $hexsz = $hash_algo eq 'sha256' ? 64 : 40;
 
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index 204a5ac..2defef2 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,14 @@
 
 	shown_any=
 	( cd "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR" && ls ) | {
-		while read toolname
+		while read scriptname
+		do
+			setup_tool "$scriptname" 2>/dev/null
+			variants="$variants$(list_tool_variants)\n"
+		done
+		variants="$(echo "$variants" | sort | uniq)"
+
+		for toolname in $variants
 		do
 			if setup_tool "$toolname" 2>/dev/null &&
 				(eval "$condition" "$toolname")
@@ -157,6 +164,10 @@
 		echo "$1"
 	}
 
+	list_tool_variants () {
+		echo "$tool"
+	}
+
 	# Most tools' exit codes cannot be trusted, so By default we ignore
 	# their exit code and check the merged file's modification time in
 	# check_unchanged() to determine whether or not the merge was
@@ -178,19 +189,26 @@
 		false
 	}
 
-
-	if ! test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	if test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
 	then
+		. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	elif test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/${tool%[0-9]}"
+	then
+		. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/${tool%[0-9]}"
+	else
 		setup_user_tool
 		return $?
 	fi
 
-	# Load the redefined functions
-	. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
 	# Now let the user override the default command for the tool.  If
 	# they have not done so then this will return 1 which we ignore.
 	setup_user_tool
 
+	if ! list_tool_variants | grep -q "^$tool$"
+	then
+		return 1
+	fi
+
 	if merge_mode && ! can_merge
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can not be used to resolve merges" >&2
@@ -286,11 +304,14 @@
 		tools="$tools smerge"
 	fi
 	case "${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}" in
+	*nvim*)
+		tools="$tools nvimdiff vimdiff emerge"
+		;;
 	*vim*)
-		tools="$tools vimdiff emerge"
+		tools="$tools vimdiff nvimdiff emerge"
 		;;
 	*)
-		tools="$tools emerge vimdiff"
+		tools="$tools emerge vimdiff nvimdiff"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
diff --git a/git-rebase--preserve-merges.sh b/git-rebase--preserve-merges.sh
index dec90e9..b9c71d2 100644
--- a/git-rebase--preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--preserve-merges.sh
@@ -193,16 +193,6 @@
 	fi
 }
 
-# Put the last action marked done at the beginning of the todo list
-# again. If there has not been an action marked done yet, leave the list of
-# items on the todo list unchanged.
-reschedule_last_action () {
-	tail -n 1 "$done" | cat - "$todo" >"$todo".new
-	sed -e \$d <"$done" >"$done".new
-	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
-	mv -f "$done".new "$done"
-}
-
 append_todo_help () {
 	gettext "
 Commands:
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index 36c47ba..1f425c0 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@
 my $use_xmailer = 1;
 my $validate = 1;
 my $target_xfer_encoding = 'auto';
+my $forbid_sendmail_variables = 1;
 
 my %config_bool_settings = (
     "thread" => \$thread,
@@ -263,6 +264,7 @@
     "multiedit" => \$multiedit,
     "annotate" => \$annotate,
     "xmailer" => \$use_xmailer,
+    "forbidsendmailvariables" => \$forbid_sendmail_variables,
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -478,6 +480,12 @@
     usage();
 }
 
+if ($forbid_sendmail_variables && (scalar Git::config_regexp("^sendmail[.]")) != 0) {
+	die __("fatal: found configuration options for 'sendmail'\n" .
+		"git-send-email is configured with the sendemail.* options - note the 'e'.\n" .
+		"Set sendemail.forbidSendmailVariables to false to disable this check.\n");
+}
+
 die __("Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n")
 	if $format_patch and not $repo;
 
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index 6cd887b..8bd1d75 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -349,10 +349,10 @@
 			child.clean_on_exit = 1;
 			child.wait_after_clean = 1;
 			child.trace2_child_class = "shell_alias";
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, alias_string + 1);
-			argv_array_pushv(&child.args, (*argv) + 1);
+			strvec_push(&child.args, alias_string + 1);
+			strvec_pushv(&child.args, (*argv) + 1);
 
-			trace2_cmd_alias(alias_command, child.args.argv);
+			trace2_cmd_alias(alias_command, child.args.v);
 			trace2_cmd_list_config();
 			trace2_cmd_list_env_vars();
 			trace2_cmd_name("_run_shell_alias_");
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@
 
 static void handle_builtin(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char *cmd;
 	struct cmd_struct *builtin;
 
@@ -661,19 +661,19 @@
 		argv[0] = cmd = "help";
 
 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-			argv_array_push(&args, argv[i]);
+			strvec_push(&args, argv[i]);
 			if (!i)
-				argv_array_push(&args, "--exclude-guides");
+				strvec_push(&args, "--exclude-guides");
 		}
 
 		argc++;
-		argv = args.argv;
+		argv = args.v;
 	}
 
 	builtin = get_builtin(cmd);
 	if (builtin)
 		exit(run_builtin(builtin, argc, argv));
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 }
 
 static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
@@ -688,8 +688,8 @@
 		use_pager = check_pager_config(argv[0]);
 	commit_pager_choice();
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "git-%s", argv[0]);
-	argv_array_pushv(&cmd.args, argv + 1);
+	strvec_pushf(&cmd.args, "git-%s", argv[0]);
+	strvec_pushv(&cmd.args, argv + 1);
 	cmd.clean_on_exit = 1;
 	cmd.wait_after_clean = 1;
 	cmd.silent_exec_failure = 1;
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
 	 * The code in run_command() logs trace2 child_start/child_exit
 	 * events, so we do not need to report exec/exec_result events here.
 	 */
-	trace_argv_printf(cmd.args.argv, "trace: exec:");
+	trace_argv_printf(cmd.args.v, "trace: exec:");
 
 	/*
 	 * If we fail because the command is not found, it is
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@
 		if (!done_alias)
 			handle_builtin(*argcp, *argv);
 		else if (get_builtin(**argv)) {
-			struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+			struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 			int i;
 
 			/*
@@ -758,17 +758,17 @@
 
 			commit_pager_choice();
 
-			argv_array_push(&args, "git");
+			strvec_push(&args, "git");
 			for (i = 0; i < *argcp; i++)
-				argv_array_push(&args, (*argv)[i]);
+				strvec_push(&args, (*argv)[i]);
 
-			trace_argv_printf(args.argv, "trace: exec:");
+			trace_argv_printf(args.v, "trace: exec:");
 
 			/*
 			 * if we fail because the command is not found, it is
 			 * OK to return. Otherwise, we just pass along the status code.
 			 */
-			i = run_command_v_opt_tr2(args.argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE |
+			i = run_command_v_opt_tr2(args.v, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE |
 						  RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT | RUN_WAIT_AFTER_CLEAN, "git_alias");
 			if (i >= 0 || errno != ENOENT)
 				exit(i);
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index 2d538bc..b499270 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -282,12 +282,12 @@
 	if (!fmt)
 		BUG("bad signature '%s'", signature);
 
-	argv_array_push(&gpg.args, fmt->program);
-	argv_array_pushv(&gpg.args, fmt->verify_args);
-	argv_array_pushl(&gpg.args,
-			 "--status-fd=1",
-			 "--verify", temp->filename.buf, "-",
-			 NULL);
+	strvec_push(&gpg.args, fmt->program);
+	strvec_pushv(&gpg.args, fmt->verify_args);
+	strvec_pushl(&gpg.args,
+		     "--status-fd=1",
+		     "--verify", temp->filename.buf, "-",
+		     NULL);
 
 	if (!gpg_status)
 		gpg_status = &buf;
@@ -434,11 +434,11 @@
 	size_t i, j, bottom;
 	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&gpg.args,
-			 use_format->program,
-			 "--status-fd=2",
-			 "-bsau", signing_key,
-			 NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&gpg.args,
+		     use_format->program,
+		     "--status-fd=2",
+		     "-bsau", signing_key,
+		     NULL);
 
 	bottom = signature->len;
 
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index 4cd9915..c128ad0 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "color.h"
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "revision.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 /* Internal API */
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 static const char **column_colors;
 static unsigned short column_colors_max;
 
-static void parse_graph_colors_config(struct argv_array *colors, const char *string)
+static void parse_graph_colors_config(struct strvec *colors, const char *string)
 {
 	const char *end, *start;
 
@@ -93,13 +93,13 @@
 		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 
 		if (!color_parse_mem(start, comma - start, color))
-			argv_array_push(colors, color);
+			strvec_push(colors, color);
 		else
 			warning(_("ignore invalid color '%.*s' in log.graphColors"),
 				(int)(comma - start), start);
 		start = comma + 1;
 	}
-	argv_array_push(colors, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+	strvec_push(colors, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
 }
 
 void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max)
@@ -350,13 +350,13 @@
 			graph_set_column_colors(column_colors_ansi,
 						column_colors_ansi_max);
 		} else {
-			static struct argv_array custom_colors = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-			argv_array_clear(&custom_colors);
+			static struct strvec custom_colors = STRVEC_INIT;
+			strvec_clear(&custom_colors);
 			parse_graph_colors_config(&custom_colors, string);
 			free(string);
 			/* graph_set_column_colors takes a max-index, not a count */
-			graph_set_column_colors(custom_colors.argv,
-						custom_colors.argc - 1);
+			graph_set_column_colors(custom_colors.v,
+						custom_colors.nr - 1);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index 13232a9..54af9f8 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -1817,7 +1817,7 @@
 		 * We might set up the shared textconv cache data here, which
 		 * is not thread-safe. Also, get_oid_with_context() and
 		 * parse_object() might be internally called. As they are not
-		 * currenty thread-safe and might be racy with object reading,
+		 * currently thread-safe and might be racy with object reading,
 		 * obj_read_lock() must be called.
 		 */
 		grep_attr_lock();
diff --git a/hashmap.h b/hashmap.h
index 79ae9f8..ef220de 100644
--- a/hashmap.h
+++ b/hashmap.h
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
  * argument `keydata`, respectively. Otherwise, `keydata` is NULL.
  *
  * When it is too expensive to allocate a user entry (either because it is
- * large or varialbe sized, such that it is not on the stack), then the
+ * large or variable sized, such that it is not on the stack), then the
  * relevant data to check for equality should be passed via `keydata`.
  * In this case `key` can be a stripped down version of the user key data
  * or even just a hashmap_entry having the correct hash.
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index 44cee69..4e2468a 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@
 {
 	const char *cmd_list;
 
-	if (git_config_get_string_const("completion.commands", &cmd_list))
+	if (git_config_get_string_tmp("completion.commands", &cmd_list))
 		return;
 
 	string_list_sort(list);
@@ -397,10 +397,10 @@
 	}
 }
 
-void list_common_guides_help(void)
+void list_guides_help(void)
 {
 	struct category_description catdesc[] = {
-		{ CAT_guide, N_("The common Git guides are:") },
+		{ CAT_guide, N_("The Git concept guides are:") },
 		{ 0, NULL }
 	};
 	print_cmd_by_category(catdesc, NULL);
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
index 500521b..dc02458 100644
--- a/help.h
+++ b/help.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 void list_common_cmds_help(void);
 void list_all_cmds_help(void);
-void list_common_guides_help(void);
+void list_guides_help(void);
 
 void list_all_main_cmds(struct string_list *list);
 void list_all_other_cmds(struct string_list *list);
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
index ec3144b..a03b4ba 100644
--- a/http-backend.c
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "url.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
@@ -477,10 +477,10 @@
 		host = "(none)";
 
 	if (!getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
-		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
+		strvec_pushf(&cld.env_array, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
 	if (!getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
-		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array,
-				 "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
+		strvec_pushf(&cld.env_array,
+			     "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
 
 	cld.argv = argv;
 	if (buffer_input || gzipped_request || req_len >= 0)
diff --git a/http-fetch.c b/http-fetch.c
index 1df376e..c4ccc5f 100644
--- a/http-fetch.c
+++ b/http-fetch.c
@@ -84,8 +84,11 @@
 	int get_verbosely = 0;
 	int get_recover = 0;
 	int packfile = 0;
+	int nongit;
 	struct object_id packfile_hash;
 
+	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+
 	while (arg < argc && argv[arg][0] == '-') {
 		const char *p;
 
@@ -115,7 +118,8 @@
 	if (argc != arg + 2 - (commits_on_stdin || packfile))
 		usage(http_fetch_usage);
 
-	setup_git_directory();
+	if (nongit)
+		die(_("not a git repository"));
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index 1ff1883..6a4a43e 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
@@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@
 
 	new_refs = 0;
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct argv_array commit_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec commit_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 		if (!ref->peer_ref)
 			continue;
@@ -1924,14 +1924,14 @@
 		}
 
 		/* Set up revision info for this refspec */
-		argv_array_push(&commit_argv, ""); /* ignored */
-		argv_array_push(&commit_argv, "--objects");
-		argv_array_push(&commit_argv, oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
+		strvec_push(&commit_argv, ""); /* ignored */
+		strvec_push(&commit_argv, "--objects");
+		strvec_push(&commit_argv, oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));
 		if (!push_all && !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid))
-			argv_array_pushf(&commit_argv, "^%s",
-					 oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid));
+			strvec_pushf(&commit_argv, "^%s",
+				     oid_to_hex(&ref->old_oid));
 		repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, setup_git_directory());
-		setup_revisions(commit_argv.argc, commit_argv.argv, &revs, NULL);
+		setup_revisions(commit_argv.nr, commit_argv.v, &revs, NULL);
 		revs.edge_hint = 0; /* just in case */
 
 		/* Generate a list of objects that need to be pushed */
@@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@
 			printf("%s %s\n", !rc ? "ok" : "error", ref->name);
 		unlock_remote(ref_lock);
 		check_locks();
-		argv_array_clear(&commit_argv);
+		strvec_clear(&commit_argv);
 	}
 
 	/* Update remote server info if appropriate */
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 3b12843..8b23a54 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -2270,13 +2270,13 @@
 
 	tmpfile_fd = xopen(preq->tmpfile.buf, O_RDONLY);
 
-	argv_array_push(&ip.args, "index-pack");
-	argv_array_push(&ip.args, "--stdin");
+	strvec_push(&ip.args, "index-pack");
+	strvec_push(&ip.args, "--stdin");
 	ip.git_cmd = 1;
 	ip.in = tmpfile_fd;
 	if (preq->generate_keep) {
-		argv_array_pushf(&ip.args, "--keep=git %"PRIuMAX,
-				 (uintmax_t)getpid());
+		strvec_pushf(&ip.args, "--keep=git %"PRIuMAX,
+			     (uintmax_t)getpid());
 		ip.out = 0;
 	} else {
 		ip.no_stdout = 1;
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
index 5273754..5764dd8 100644
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@
 
 		imap_info("Starting tunnel '%s'... ", srvc->tunnel);
 
-		argv_array_push(&tunnel.args, srvc->tunnel);
+		strvec_push(&tunnel.args, srvc->tunnel);
 		tunnel.use_shell = 1;
 		tunnel.in = -1;
 		tunnel.out = -1;
diff --git a/line-log.c b/line-log.c
index c536928..bf73ea9 100644
--- a/line-log.c
+++ b/line-log.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "graph.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "line-log.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "bloom.h"
 
 static void range_set_grow(struct range_set *rs, size_t extra)
@@ -758,12 +758,12 @@
 				       struct line_log_data *range)
 {
 	struct line_log_data *r;
-	struct argv_array array = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec array = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char **paths;
 
 	for (r = range; r; r = r->next)
-		argv_array_push(&array, r->path);
-	paths = argv_array_detach(&array);
+		strvec_push(&array, r->path);
+	paths = strvec_detach(&array);
 
 	parse_pathspec(pathspec, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL, "", paths);
 	/* strings are now owned by pathspec */
diff --git a/list-objects-filter-options.c b/list-objects-filter-options.c
index 3553ad7..b663145 100644
--- a/list-objects-filter-options.c
+++ b/list-objects-filter-options.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "revision.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "list-objects-filter.h"
 #include "list-objects-filter-options.h"
@@ -15,6 +15,29 @@
 	const char *arg,
 	struct strbuf *errbuf);
 
+const char *list_object_filter_config_name(enum list_objects_filter_choice c)
+{
+	switch (c) {
+	case LOFC_DISABLED:
+		/* we have no name for "no filter at all" */
+		break;
+	case LOFC_BLOB_NONE:
+		return "blob:none";
+	case LOFC_BLOB_LIMIT:
+		return "blob:limit";
+	case LOFC_TREE_DEPTH:
+		return "tree";
+	case LOFC_SPARSE_OID:
+		return "sparse:oid";
+	case LOFC_COMBINE:
+		return "combine";
+	case LOFC__COUNT:
+		/* not a real filter type; just the count of all filters */
+		break;
+	}
+	BUG("list_object_filter_choice_name: invalid argument '%d'", c);
+}
+
 /*
  * Parse value of the argument to the "filter" keyword.
  * On the command line this looks like:
diff --git a/list-objects-filter-options.h b/list-objects-filter-options.h
index 73fffa4..01767c3 100644
--- a/list-objects-filter-options.h
+++ b/list-objects-filter-options.h
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@
 	LOFC__COUNT /* must be last */
 };
 
+/*
+ * Returns a configuration key suitable for describing the given object filter,
+ * e.g.: "blob:none", "combine", etc.
+ */
+const char *list_object_filter_config_name(enum list_objects_filter_choice c);
+
 struct list_objects_filter_options {
 	/*
 	 * 'filter_spec' is the raw argument value given on the command line
diff --git a/ls-refs.c b/ls-refs.c
index 50d8686..a1e0b47 100644
--- a/ls-refs.c
+++ b/ls-refs.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "remote.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "ls-refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "config.h"
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@
  * Check if one of the prefixes is a prefix of the ref.
  * If no prefixes were provided, all refs match.
  */
-static int ref_match(const struct argv_array *prefixes, const char *refname)
+static int ref_match(const struct strvec *prefixes, const char *refname)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	if (!prefixes->argc)
+	if (!prefixes->nr)
 		return 1; /* no restriction */
 
-	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->argc; i++) {
-		const char *prefix = prefixes->argv[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
+		const char *prefix = prefixes->v[i];
 
 		if (starts_with(refname, prefix))
 			return 1;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 struct ls_refs_data {
 	unsigned peel;
 	unsigned symrefs;
-	struct argv_array prefixes;
+	struct strvec prefixes;
 };
 
 static int send_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
 }
 
-int ls_refs(struct repository *r, struct argv_array *keys,
+int ls_refs(struct repository *r, struct strvec *keys,
 	    struct packet_reader *request)
 {
 	struct ls_refs_data data;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 		else if (!strcmp("symrefs", arg))
 			data.symrefs = 1;
 		else if (skip_prefix(arg, "ref-prefix ", &out))
-			argv_array_push(&data.prefixes, out);
+			strvec_push(&data.prefixes, out);
 	}
 
 	if (request->status != PACKET_READ_FLUSH)
@@ -111,6 +111,6 @@
 	head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, &data);
 	for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, &data);
 	packet_flush(1);
-	argv_array_clear(&data.prefixes);
+	strvec_clear(&data.prefixes);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/ls-refs.h b/ls-refs.h
index 7e5646f..7b33a7c 100644
--- a/ls-refs.h
+++ b/ls-refs.h
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 #define LS_REFS_H
 
 struct repository;
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 struct packet_reader;
-int ls_refs(struct repository *r, struct argv_array *keys,
+int ls_refs(struct repository *r, struct strvec *keys,
 	    struct packet_reader *request);
 
 #endif /* LS_REFS_H */
diff --git a/mem-pool.c b/mem-pool.c
index a2841a4..8401761 100644
--- a/mem-pool.c
+++ b/mem-pool.c
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@
  * `insert_after`. If `insert_after` is NULL, then insert block at the
  * head of the linked list.
  */
-static struct mp_block *mem_pool_alloc_block(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, size_t block_alloc, struct mp_block *insert_after)
+static struct mp_block *mem_pool_alloc_block(struct mem_pool *pool,
+					     size_t block_alloc,
+					     struct mp_block *insert_after)
 {
 	struct mp_block *p;
 
-	mem_pool->pool_alloc += sizeof(struct mp_block) + block_alloc;
+	pool->pool_alloc += sizeof(struct mp_block) + block_alloc;
 	p = xmalloc(st_add(sizeof(struct mp_block), block_alloc));
 
 	p->next_free = (char *)p->space;
@@ -26,35 +28,27 @@
 		p->next_block = insert_after->next_block;
 		insert_after->next_block = p;
 	} else {
-		p->next_block = mem_pool->mp_block;
-		mem_pool->mp_block = p;
+		p->next_block = pool->mp_block;
+		pool->mp_block = p;
 	}
 
 	return p;
 }
 
-void mem_pool_init(struct mem_pool **mem_pool, size_t initial_size)
+void mem_pool_init(struct mem_pool *pool, size_t initial_size)
 {
-	struct mem_pool *pool;
-
-	if (*mem_pool)
-		return;
-
-	pool = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*pool));
-
+	memset(pool, 0, sizeof(*pool));
 	pool->block_alloc = BLOCK_GROWTH_SIZE;
 
 	if (initial_size > 0)
 		mem_pool_alloc_block(pool, initial_size, NULL);
-
-	*mem_pool = pool;
 }
 
-void mem_pool_discard(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, int invalidate_memory)
+void mem_pool_discard(struct mem_pool *pool, int invalidate_memory)
 {
 	struct mp_block *block, *block_to_free;
 
-	block = mem_pool->mp_block;
+	block = pool->mp_block;
 	while (block)
 	{
 		block_to_free = block;
@@ -66,10 +60,11 @@
 		free(block_to_free);
 	}
 
-	free(mem_pool);
+	pool->mp_block = NULL;
+	pool->pool_alloc = 0;
 }
 
-void *mem_pool_alloc(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, size_t len)
+void *mem_pool_alloc(struct mem_pool *pool, size_t len)
 {
 	struct mp_block *p = NULL;
 	void *r;
@@ -78,15 +73,15 @@
 	if (len & (sizeof(uintmax_t) - 1))
 		len += sizeof(uintmax_t) - (len & (sizeof(uintmax_t) - 1));
 
-	if (mem_pool->mp_block &&
-	    mem_pool->mp_block->end - mem_pool->mp_block->next_free >= len)
-		p = mem_pool->mp_block;
+	if (pool->mp_block &&
+	    pool->mp_block->end - pool->mp_block->next_free >= len)
+		p = pool->mp_block;
 
 	if (!p) {
-		if (len >= (mem_pool->block_alloc / 2))
-			return mem_pool_alloc_block(mem_pool, len, mem_pool->mp_block);
+		if (len >= (pool->block_alloc / 2))
+			return mem_pool_alloc_block(pool, len, pool->mp_block);
 
-		p = mem_pool_alloc_block(mem_pool, mem_pool->block_alloc, NULL);
+		p = mem_pool_alloc_block(pool, pool->block_alloc, NULL);
 	}
 
 	r = p->next_free;
@@ -94,20 +89,38 @@
 	return r;
 }
 
-void *mem_pool_calloc(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, size_t count, size_t size)
+void *mem_pool_calloc(struct mem_pool *pool, size_t count, size_t size)
 {
 	size_t len = st_mult(count, size);
-	void *r = mem_pool_alloc(mem_pool, len);
+	void *r = mem_pool_alloc(pool, len);
 	memset(r, 0, len);
 	return r;
 }
 
-int mem_pool_contains(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, void *mem)
+char *mem_pool_strdup(struct mem_pool *pool, const char *str)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
+	char *ret = mem_pool_alloc(pool, len);
+
+	return memcpy(ret, str, len);
+}
+
+char *mem_pool_strndup(struct mem_pool *pool, const char *str, size_t len)
+{
+	char *p = memchr(str, '\0', len);
+	size_t actual_len = (p ? p - str : len);
+	char *ret = mem_pool_alloc(pool, actual_len+1);
+
+	ret[actual_len] = '\0';
+	return memcpy(ret, str, actual_len);
+}
+
+int mem_pool_contains(struct mem_pool *pool, void *mem)
 {
 	struct mp_block *p;
 
 	/* Check if memory is allocated in a block */
-	for (p = mem_pool->mp_block; p; p = p->next_block)
+	for (p = pool->mp_block; p; p = p->next_block)
 		if ((mem >= ((void *)p->space)) &&
 		    (mem < ((void *)p->end)))
 			return 1;
diff --git a/mem-pool.h b/mem-pool.h
index 999d3c3..fe7507f 100644
--- a/mem-pool.h
+++ b/mem-pool.h
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
 /*
  * Initialize mem_pool with specified initial size.
  */
-void mem_pool_init(struct mem_pool **mem_pool, size_t initial_size);
+void mem_pool_init(struct mem_pool *pool, size_t initial_size);
 
 /*
- * Discard a memory pool and free all the memory it is responsible for.
+ * Discard all the memory the memory pool is responsible for.
  */
-void mem_pool_discard(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, int invalidate_memory);
+void mem_pool_discard(struct mem_pool *pool, int invalidate_memory);
 
 /*
  * Alloc memory from the mem_pool.
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@
 void *mem_pool_calloc(struct mem_pool *pool, size_t count, size_t size);
 
 /*
+ * Allocate memory from the memory pool and copy str into it.
+ */
+char *mem_pool_strdup(struct mem_pool *pool, const char *str);
+char *mem_pool_strndup(struct mem_pool *pool, const char *str, size_t len);
+
+/*
  * Move the memory associated with the 'src' pool to the 'dst' pool. The 'src'
  * pool will be empty and not contain any memory. It still needs to be free'd
  * with a call to `mem_pool_discard`.
@@ -52,6 +58,6 @@
  * Check if a memory pointed at by 'mem' is part of the range of
  * memory managed by the specified mem_pool.
  */
-int mem_pool_contains(struct mem_pool *mem_pool, void *mem);
+int mem_pool_contains(struct mem_pool *pool, void *mem);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index 36948ea..d021433 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -3529,8 +3529,9 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Merge the commits h1 and h2, return the resulting virtual
- * commit object and a flag indicating the cleanness of the merge.
+ * Merge the commits h1 and h2, returning a flag (int) indicating the
+ * cleanness of the merge.  Also, if opt->priv->call_depth, create a
+ * virtual commit and write its location to *result.
  */
 static int merge_recursive_internal(struct merge_options *opt,
 				    struct commit *h1,
@@ -3791,9 +3792,12 @@
 static void merge_recursive_config(struct merge_options *opt)
 {
 	char *value = NULL;
+	int renormalize = 0;
 	git_config_get_int("merge.verbosity", &opt->verbosity);
 	git_config_get_int("diff.renamelimit", &opt->rename_limit);
 	git_config_get_int("merge.renamelimit", &opt->rename_limit);
+	git_config_get_bool("merge.renormalize", &renormalize);
+	opt->renormalize = renormalize;
 	if (!git_config_get_string("diff.renames", &value)) {
 		opt->detect_renames = git_config_rename("diff.renames", value);
 		free(value);
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 978847e..0795a1d 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@
  *
  * Outputs:
  *   - See RETURN VALUES above
- *   - No commit is created
  *   - opt->repo->index has the new index
- *   - $GIT_INDEX_FILE is not updated
+ *   - new index NOT written to disk
  *   - The working tree is updated with results of the merge
  */
 int merge_trees(struct merge_options *opt,
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@
 
 /*
  * merge_recursive is like merge_trees() but with recursive ancestor
- * consolidation and, if the commit is clean, creation of a commit.
+ * consolidation.
  *
  * NOTE: empirically, about a decade ago it was determined that with more
  *       than two merge bases, optimal behavior was found when the
@@ -91,9 +90,9 @@
  *
  * Outputs:
  *   - See RETURN VALUES above
- *   - If merge is clean, a commit is created and its address written to *result
+ *   - *result is treated as scratch space for temporary recursive merges
  *   - opt->repo->index has the new index
- *   - $GIT_INDEX_FILE is not updated
+ *   - new index NOT written to disk
  *   - The working tree is updated with results of the merge
  */
 int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *opt,
@@ -109,9 +108,9 @@
  *
  * Outputs:
  *   - See RETURN VALUES above
- *   - If merge is clean, a commit is created and its address written to *result
+ *   - *result is treated as scratch space for temporary recursive merges
  *   - opt->repo->index has the new index
- *   - $GIT_INDEX_FILE is updated
+ *   - new index also written to $GIT_INDEX_FILE on disk
  *   - The working tree is updated with results of the merge
  */
 int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *opt,
diff --git a/merge.c b/merge.c
index aa36de2..5fb88af 100644
--- a/merge.c
+++ b/merge.c
@@ -19,22 +19,22 @@
 		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
 		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
 {
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int i, ret;
 	struct commit_list *j;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&args, "merge-%s", strategy);
+	strvec_pushf(&args, "merge-%s", strategy);
 	for (i = 0; i < xopts_nr; i++)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--%s", xopts[i]);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--%s", xopts[i]);
 	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		argv_array_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
-	argv_array_push(&args, "--");
-	argv_array_push(&args, head_arg);
+		strvec_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
+	strvec_push(&args, "--");
+	strvec_push(&args, head_arg);
 	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		argv_array_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
+		strvec_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
 
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 
 	discard_index(r->index);
 	if (repo_read_index(r) < 0)
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@
 	}
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	if (overwrite_ignore) {
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 		opts.dir = &dir;
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@
 		clear_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts);
 		return -1;
 	}
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 	clear_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts);
 
 	if (write_locked_index(r->index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
diff --git a/mergetools/bc b/mergetools/bc
index 3a69e60..a89086e 100644
--- a/mergetools/bc
+++ b/mergetools/bc
@@ -21,3 +21,8 @@
 		echo bcompare
 	fi
 }
+
+list_tool_variants () {
+	echo bc
+	echo bc3
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/bc3 b/mergetools/bc3
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d8dd48..0000000
--- a/mergetools/bc3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/bc"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff3 b/mergetools/gvimdiff3
deleted file mode 100644
index 04a5bb0..0000000
--- a/mergetools/gvimdiff3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff2 b/mergetools/nvimdiff
similarity index 100%
rename from mergetools/gvimdiff2
rename to mergetools/nvimdiff
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff b/mergetools/vimdiff
index 10d86f3..abc8ce4 100644
--- a/mergetools/vimdiff
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 merge_cmd () {
 	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
+	*vimdiff)
 		if $base_present
 		then
 			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c '4wincmd w | wincmd J' \
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 				"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
 		fi
 		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
+	*vimdiff2)
 		"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd l' \
 			"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
 		;;
-	gvimdiff3|vimdiff3)
+	*vimdiff3)
 		if $base_present
 		then
 			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'hid | hid | hid' \
@@ -34,10 +34,13 @@
 
 translate_merge_tool_path() {
 	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|gvimdiff2|gvimdiff3)
+	nvimdiff*)
+		echo nvim
+		;;
+	gvimdiff*)
 		echo gvim
 		;;
-	vimdiff|vimdiff2|vimdiff3)
+	vimdiff*)
 		echo vim
 		;;
 	esac
@@ -46,3 +49,11 @@
 exit_code_trustable () {
 	true
 }
+
+list_tool_variants () {
+	for prefix in '' g n; do
+		for suffix in '' 2 3; do
+			echo "${prefix}vimdiff${suffix}"
+		done
+	done
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff2 b/mergetools/vimdiff2
deleted file mode 100644
index 04a5bb0..0000000
--- a/mergetools/vimdiff2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff3 b/mergetools/vimdiff3
deleted file mode 100644
index 04a5bb0..0000000
--- a/mergetools/vimdiff3
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/midx.c b/midx.c
index 6d1584c..e9b2e12 100644
--- a/midx.c
+++ b/midx.c
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #define MIDX_BYTE_HASH_VERSION 5
 #define MIDX_BYTE_NUM_CHUNKS 6
 #define MIDX_BYTE_NUM_PACKS 8
-#define MIDX_HASH_VERSION 1
 #define MIDX_HEADER_SIZE 12
 #define MIDX_MIN_SIZE (MIDX_HEADER_SIZE + the_hash_algo->rawsz)
 
@@ -36,6 +35,18 @@
 
 #define PACK_EXPIRED UINT_MAX
 
+static uint8_t oid_version(void)
+{
+	switch (hash_algo_by_ptr(the_hash_algo)) {
+	case GIT_HASH_SHA1:
+		return 1;
+	case GIT_HASH_SHA256:
+		return 2;
+	default:
+		die(_("invalid hash version"));
+	}
+}
+
 static char *get_midx_filename(const char *object_dir)
 {
 	return xstrfmt("%s/pack/multi-pack-index", object_dir);
@@ -90,8 +101,11 @@
 		      m->version);
 
 	hash_version = m->data[MIDX_BYTE_HASH_VERSION];
-	if (hash_version != MIDX_HASH_VERSION)
-		die(_("hash version %u does not match"), hash_version);
+	if (hash_version != oid_version()) {
+		error(_("multi-pack-index hash version %u does not match version %u"),
+		      hash_version, oid_version());
+		goto cleanup_fail;
+	}
 	m->hash_len = the_hash_algo->rawsz;
 
 	m->num_chunks = m->data[MIDX_BYTE_NUM_CHUNKS];
@@ -418,7 +432,7 @@
 
 	hashwrite_be32(f, MIDX_SIGNATURE);
 	byte_values[0] = MIDX_VERSION;
-	byte_values[1] = MIDX_HASH_VERSION;
+	byte_values[1] = oid_version();
 	byte_values[2] = num_chunks;
 	byte_values[3] = 0; /* unused */
 	hashwrite(f, byte_values, sizeof(byte_values));
@@ -807,11 +821,9 @@
 	int result = 0;
 
 	midx_name = get_midx_filename(object_dir);
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(midx_name)) {
-		UNLEAK(midx_name);
+	if (safe_create_leading_directories(midx_name))
 		die_errno(_("unable to create leading directories of %s"),
 			  midx_name);
-	}
 
 	if (m)
 		packs.m = m;
@@ -1051,10 +1063,8 @@
 		r->objects->multi_pack_index = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (remove_path(midx)) {
-		UNLEAK(midx);
+	if (remove_path(midx))
 		die(_("failed to clear multi-pack-index at %s"), midx);
-	}
 
 	free(midx);
 }
@@ -1105,8 +1115,17 @@
 	struct multi_pack_index *m = load_multi_pack_index(object_dir, 1);
 	verify_midx_error = 0;
 
-	if (!m)
-		return 0;
+	if (!m) {
+		int result = 0;
+		struct stat sb;
+		char *filename = get_midx_filename(object_dir);
+		if (!stat(filename, &sb)) {
+			error(_("multi-pack-index file exists, but failed to parse"));
+			result = 1;
+		}
+		free(filename);
+		return result;
+	}
 
 	if (flags & MIDX_PROGRESS)
 		progress = start_progress(_("Looking for referenced packfiles"),
@@ -1371,7 +1390,7 @@
 
 	free(pack_info);
 
-	if (total_size < batch_size || packs_to_repack < 2)
+	if (packs_to_repack < 2)
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1383,6 +1402,7 @@
 	uint32_t i;
 	unsigned char *include_pack;
 	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	FILE *cmd_in;
 	struct strbuf base_name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct multi_pack_index *m = load_multi_pack_index(object_dir, 1);
 
@@ -1408,21 +1428,21 @@
 	repo_config_get_bool(r, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset", &delta_base_offset);
 	repo_config_get_bool(r, "repack.usedeltaislands", &use_delta_islands);
 
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "pack-objects");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "pack-objects");
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&base_name, object_dir);
 	strbuf_addstr(&base_name, "/pack/pack");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, base_name.buf);
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, base_name.buf);
 
 	if (delta_base_offset)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--delta-base-offset");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--delta-base-offset");
 	if (use_delta_islands)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--delta-islands");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--delta-islands");
 
 	if (flags & MIDX_PROGRESS)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--progress");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--progress");
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-q");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-q");
 
 	strbuf_release(&base_name);
 
@@ -1435,6 +1455,8 @@
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
+	cmd_in = xfdopen(cmd.in, "w");
+
 	for (i = 0; i < m->num_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_id oid;
 		uint32_t pack_int_id = nth_midxed_pack_int_id(m, i);
@@ -1443,10 +1465,9 @@
 			continue;
 
 		nth_midxed_object_oid(&oid, m, i);
-		xwrite(cmd.in, oid_to_hex(&oid), the_hash_algo->hexsz);
-		xwrite(cmd.in, "\n", 1);
+		fprintf(cmd_in, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(&oid));
 	}
-	close(cmd.in);
+	fclose(cmd_in);
 
 	if (finish_command(&cmd)) {
 		error(_("could not finish pack-objects"));
diff --git a/object-store.h b/object-store.h
index f439d47..c4fc9dd 100644
--- a/object-store.h
+++ b/object-store.h
@@ -239,12 +239,33 @@
 		      unsigned long *size,
 		      void **contents);
 
+/* Retry packed storage after checking packed and loose storage */
+#define HAS_OBJECT_RECHECK_PACKED 1
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the object exists. This function will not lazily fetch objects
+ * in a partial clone.
+ */
+int has_object(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid,
+	       unsigned flags);
+
+/*
+ * These macros and functions are deprecated. If checking existence for an
+ * object that is likely to be missing and/or whose absence is relatively
+ * inconsequential (or is consequential but the caller is prepared to handle
+ * it), use has_object(), which has better defaults (no lazy fetch in a partial
+ * clone and no rechecking of packed storage). In the unlikely event that a
+ * caller needs to assert existence of an object that it fully expects to
+ * exist, and wants to trigger a lazy fetch in a partial clone, use
+ * oid_object_info_extended() with a NULL struct object_info.
+ *
+ * These functions can be removed once all callers have migrated to
+ * has_object() and/or oid_object_info_extended().
+ */
 #ifndef NO_THE_REPOSITORY_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #define has_sha1_file_with_flags(sha1, flags) repo_has_sha1_file_with_flags(the_repository, sha1, flags)
 #define has_sha1_file(sha1) repo_has_sha1_file(the_repository, sha1)
 #endif
-
-/* Same as the above, except for struct object_id. */
 int repo_has_object_file(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid);
 int repo_has_object_file_with_flags(struct repository *r,
 				    const struct object_id *oid, int flags);
diff --git a/pack-write.c b/pack-write.c
index f0017be..685d327 100644
--- a/pack-write.c
+++ b/pack-write.c
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * On entry *sha1 contains the pack content SHA1 hash, on exit it is
- * the SHA1 hash of sorted object names. The objects array passed in
- * will be sorted by SHA1 on exit.
+ * The *sha1 contains the pack content SHA1 hash.
+ * The objects array passed in will be sorted by SHA1 on exit.
  */
 const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects,
 			   int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *opts,
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index 41446d4..ee435de 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 	return pager;
 }
 
-static void setup_pager_env(struct argv_array *env)
+static void setup_pager_env(struct strvec *env)
 {
 	const char **argv;
 	int i;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 		*cp = '\0';
 		if (!getenv(argv[i])) {
 			*cp = '=';
-			argv_array_push(env, argv[i]);
+			strvec_push(env, argv[i]);
 		}
 	}
 	free(pager_env);
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 
 void prepare_pager_args(struct child_process *pager_process, const char *pager)
 {
-	argv_array_push(&pager_process->args, pager);
+	strvec_push(&pager_process->args, pager);
 	pager_process->use_shell = 1;
 	setup_pager_env(&pager_process->env_array);
 	pager_process->trace2_child_class = "pager";
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 	/* spawn the pager */
 	prepare_pager_args(&pager_process, pager);
 	pager_process.in = -1;
-	argv_array_push(&pager_process.env_array, "GIT_PAGER_IN_USE");
+	strvec_push(&pager_process.env_array, "GIT_PAGER_IN_USE");
 	if (start_command(&pager_process))
 		return;
 
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index 86cd393..d9d3b08 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
 
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
@@ -275,19 +275,19 @@
 
 /**
  * For an option opt, recreate the command-line option, appending it to
- * opt->value which must be a argv_array. This is useful when we need to pass
+ * opt->value which must be a strvec. This is useful when we need to pass
  * the command-line option, which can be specified multiple times, to another
  * command.
  */
 int parse_opt_passthru_argv(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct argv_array *opt_value = opt->value;
+	struct strvec *opt_value = opt->value;
 
 	if (recreate_opt(&sb, opt, arg, unset) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	argv_array_push(opt_value, sb.buf);
+	strvec_push(opt_value, sb.buf);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index c57618d..f050743 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -525,7 +525,8 @@
 	parse_options_start_1(ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options, flags);
 }
 
-static void show_negated_gitcomp(const struct option *opts, int nr_noopts)
+static void show_negated_gitcomp(const struct option *opts, int show_all,
+				 int nr_noopts)
 {
 	int printed_dashdash = 0;
 
@@ -535,7 +536,8 @@
 
 		if (!opts->long_name)
 			continue;
-		if (opts->flags & (PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE))
+		if (!show_all &&
+			(opts->flags & (PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE)))
 			continue;
 		if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
 			continue;
@@ -572,7 +574,7 @@
 	}
 }
 
-static int show_gitcomp(const struct option *opts)
+static int show_gitcomp(const struct option *opts, int show_all)
 {
 	const struct option *original_opts = opts;
 	int nr_noopts = 0;
@@ -582,7 +584,8 @@
 
 		if (!opts->long_name)
 			continue;
-		if (opts->flags & (PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE))
+		if (!show_all &&
+			(opts->flags & (PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE)))
 			continue;
 
 		switch (opts->type) {
@@ -610,8 +613,8 @@
 			nr_noopts++;
 		printf(" --%s%s", opts->long_name, suffix);
 	}
-	show_negated_gitcomp(original_opts, -1);
-	show_negated_gitcomp(original_opts, nr_noopts);
+	show_negated_gitcomp(original_opts, show_all, -1);
+	show_negated_gitcomp(original_opts, show_all, nr_noopts);
 	fputc('\n', stdout);
 	return PARSE_OPT_COMPLETE;
 }
@@ -723,9 +726,14 @@
 		if (internal_help && ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg + 1, "h"))
 			goto show_usage;
 
-		/* lone --git-completion-helper is asked by git-completion.bash */
-		if (ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg + 1, "-git-completion-helper"))
-			return show_gitcomp(options);
+		/*
+		 * lone --git-completion-helper and --git-completion-helper-all
+		 * are asked by git-completion.bash
+		 */
+		if (ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg, "--git-completion-helper"))
+			return show_gitcomp(options, 0);
+		if (ctx->total == 1 && !strcmp(arg, "--git-completion-helper-all"))
+			return show_gitcomp(options, 1);
 
 		if (arg[1] != '-') {
 			ctx->opt = arg + 1;
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index 46af942..7030d8f 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
 #define OPT__FORCE(var, h, f) OPT_COUNTUP_F('f', "force",   (var), (h), (f))
 #define OPT__ABBREV(var)  \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), N_("n"),	\
-	  N_("use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"),	\
+	  N_("use <n> digits to display object names"),	\
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_opt_abbrev_cb, 0 }
 #define OPT__COLOR(var, h) \
 	OPT_COLOR_FLAG(0, "color", (var), (h))
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index 8b2c753..7b385e5 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -1528,8 +1528,6 @@
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-REPO_GIT_PATH_FUNC(cherry_pick_head, "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")
-REPO_GIT_PATH_FUNC(revert_head, "REVERT_HEAD")
 REPO_GIT_PATH_FUNC(squash_msg, "SQUASH_MSG")
 REPO_GIT_PATH_FUNC(merge_msg, "MERGE_MSG")
 REPO_GIT_PATH_FUNC(merge_rr, "MERGE_RR")
diff --git a/path.h b/path.h
index 1f1bf8f..e7e77da 100644
--- a/path.h
+++ b/path.h
@@ -170,8 +170,6 @@
 	}
 
 struct path_cache {
-	const char *cherry_pick_head;
-	const char *revert_head;
 	const char *squash_msg;
 	const char *merge_msg;
 	const char *merge_rr;
@@ -182,10 +180,11 @@
 	const char *shallow;
 };
 
-#define PATH_CACHE_INIT { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }
+#define PATH_CACHE_INIT                                        \
+	{                                                      \
+		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL \
+	}
 
-const char *git_path_cherry_pick_head(struct repository *r);
-const char *git_path_revert_head(struct repository *r);
 const char *git_path_squash_msg(struct repository *r);
 const char *git_path_merge_msg(struct repository *r);
 const char *git_path_merge_rr(struct repository *r);
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
index 8243e06..7a229d8 100644
--- a/pathspec.c
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "pathspec.h"
 #include "attr.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
 /*
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
 			 unsigned flags, const char *prefix,
 			 const char *file, int nul_term_line)
 {
-	struct argv_array parsed_file = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec parsed_file = STRVEC_INIT;
 	strbuf_getline_fn getline_fn = nul_term_line ? strbuf_getline_nul :
 						       strbuf_getline;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
 				die(_("line is badly quoted: %s"), buf.buf);
 			strbuf_swap(&buf, &unquoted);
 		}
-		argv_array_push(&parsed_file, buf.buf);
+		strvec_push(&parsed_file, buf.buf);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	}
 
@@ -652,8 +652,8 @@
 	if (in != stdin)
 		fclose(in);
 
-	parse_pathspec(pathspec, magic_mask, flags, prefix, parsed_file.argv);
-	argv_array_clear(&parsed_file);
+	parse_pathspec(pathspec, magic_mask, flags, prefix, parsed_file.v);
+	strvec_clear(&parsed_file);
 }
 
 void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src)
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
index 54c9ed0..10df990 100644
--- a/perl/Git.pm
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -723,6 +723,32 @@
 	return scalar _config_common({'kind' => '--int'}, @_);
 }
 
+=item config_regexp ( RE )
+
+Retrieve the list of configuration key names matching the regular
+expression C<RE>. The return value is a list of strings matching
+this regex.
+
+=cut
+
+sub config_regexp {
+	my ($self, $regex) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	try {
+		my @cmd = ('config', '--name-only', '--get-regexp', $regex);
+		unshift @cmd, $self if $self;
+		my @matches = command(@cmd);
+		return @matches;
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		my $E = shift;
+		if ($E->value() == 1) {
+			my @matches = ();
+			return @matches;
+		} else {
+			throw $E;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
 # Common subroutine to implement bulk of what the config* family of methods
 # do. This currently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
 sub _config_common {
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/po/fr.po
index d20fc44..75b1e75 100644
--- a/po/fr.po
+++ b/po/fr.po
@@ -6503,7 +6503,7 @@
 #: remote.c:1088
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to delete '%s': remote ref does not exist"
-msgstr "suppression d '%s' impossible : la référence distante n'existe pas"
+msgstr "suppression de '%s' impossible : la référence distante n'existe pas"
 
 #: remote.c:1100
 #, c-format
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index 3eda914..31014e6 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -319,9 +319,12 @@
 
 void stop_progress(struct progress **p_progress)
 {
+	if (!p_progress)
+		BUG("don't provide NULL to stop_progress");
+
 	finish_if_sparse(*p_progress);
 
-	if (p_progress && *p_progress) {
+	if (*p_progress) {
 		trace2_data_intmax("progress", the_repository, "total_objects",
 				   (*p_progress)->total);
 
@@ -338,7 +341,12 @@
 
 void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
 {
-	struct progress *progress = *p_progress;
+	struct progress *progress;
+
+	if (!p_progress)
+		BUG("don't provide NULL to stop_progress_msg");
+
+	progress = *p_progress;
 	if (!progress)
 		return;
 	*p_progress = NULL;
diff --git a/protocol.c b/protocol.c
index d1dd342..8d964fc 100644
--- a/protocol.c
+++ b/protocol.c
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 	const char *git_test_k = "GIT_TEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION";
 	const char *git_test_v;
 
-	if (!git_config_get_string_const("protocol.version", &value)) {
+	if (!git_config_get_string_tmp("protocol.version", &value)) {
 		enum protocol_version version = parse_protocol_version(value);
 
 		if (version == protocol_unknown_version)
diff --git a/quote.c b/quote.c
index bcc0dbc..ced0245 100644
--- a/quote.c
+++ b/quote.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "quote.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 int quote_path_fully = 1;
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
 
 static int sq_dequote_to_argv_internal(char *arg,
 				       const char ***argv, int *nr, int *alloc,
-				       struct argv_array *array)
+				       struct strvec *array)
 {
 	char *next = arg;
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
 			(*argv)[(*nr)++] = dequoted;
 		}
 		if (array)
-			argv_array_push(array, dequoted);
+			strvec_push(array, dequoted);
 	} while (next);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 	return sq_dequote_to_argv_internal(arg, argv, nr, alloc, NULL);
 }
 
-int sq_dequote_to_argv_array(char *arg, struct argv_array *array)
+int sq_dequote_to_strvec(char *arg, struct strvec *array)
 {
 	return sq_dequote_to_argv_internal(arg, NULL, NULL, NULL, array);
 }
diff --git a/quote.h b/quote.h
index ca8ee31..fa09309 100644
--- a/quote.h
+++ b/quote.h
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@
 int sq_dequote_to_argv(char *arg, const char ***argv, int *nr, int *alloc);
 
 /*
- * Same as above, but store the unquoted strings in an argv_array. We will
- * still modify arg in place, but unlike sq_dequote_to_argv, the argv_array
+ * Same as above, but store the unquoted strings in a strvec. We will
+ * still modify arg in place, but unlike sq_dequote_to_argv, the strvec
  * will duplicate and take ownership of the strings.
  */
-struct argv_array;
-int sq_dequote_to_argv_array(char *arg, struct argv_array *);
+struct strvec;
+int sq_dequote_to_strvec(char *arg, struct strvec *);
 
 int unquote_c_style(struct strbuf *, const char *quoted, const char **endp);
 size_t quote_c_style(const char *name, struct strbuf *, FILE *, int no_dq);
diff --git a/range-diff.c b/range-diff.c
index 40af086..24dc435 100644
--- a/range-diff.c
+++ b/range-diff.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "range-diff.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "linear-assignment.h"
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
  * as struct object_id (will need to be free()d).
  */
 static int read_patches(const char *range, struct string_list *list,
-			const struct argv_array *other_arg)
+			const struct strvec *other_arg)
 {
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, contents = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -51,24 +51,24 @@
 	int offset, len;
 	size_t size;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "log", "--no-color", "-p", "--no-merges",
-			"--reverse", "--date-order", "--decorate=no",
-			"--no-prefix",
-			/*
-			 * Choose indicators that are not used anywhere
-			 * else in diffs, but still look reasonable
-			 * (e.g. will not be confusing when debugging)
-			 */
-			"--output-indicator-new=>",
-			"--output-indicator-old=<",
-			"--output-indicator-context=#",
-			"--no-abbrev-commit",
-			"--pretty=medium",
-			"--notes",
-			NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "log", "--no-color", "-p", "--no-merges",
+		     "--reverse", "--date-order", "--decorate=no",
+		     "--no-prefix",
+		     /*
+		      * Choose indicators that are not used anywhere
+		      * else in diffs, but still look reasonable
+		      * (e.g. will not be confusing when debugging)
+		      */
+		     "--output-indicator-new=>",
+		     "--output-indicator-old=<",
+		     "--output-indicator-context=#",
+		     "--no-abbrev-commit",
+		     "--pretty=medium",
+		     "--notes",
+		     NULL);
 	if (other_arg)
-		argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, other_arg->argv);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, range);
+		strvec_pushv(&cp.args, other_arg->v);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, range);
 	cp.out = -1;
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
 int show_range_diff(const char *range1, const char *range2,
 		    int creation_factor, int dual_color,
 		    const struct diff_options *diffopt,
-		    const struct argv_array *other_arg)
+		    const struct strvec *other_arg)
 {
 	int res = 0;
 
diff --git a/range-diff.h b/range-diff.h
index e11976d..583ced2 100644
--- a/range-diff.h
+++ b/range-diff.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define RANGE_DIFF_H
 
 #include "diff.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 #define RANGE_DIFF_CREATION_FACTOR_DEFAULT 60
 
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@
 int show_range_diff(const char *range1, const char *range2,
 		    int creation_factor, int dual_color,
 		    const struct diff_options *diffopt,
-		    const struct argv_array *other_arg);
+		    const struct strvec *other_arg);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index aa427c5..fa291cd 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -89,8 +89,10 @@
 	else
 		pool_ptr = &istate->ce_mem_pool;
 
-	if (!*pool_ptr)
-		mem_pool_init(pool_ptr, 0);
+	if (!*pool_ptr) {
+		*pool_ptr = xmalloc(sizeof(**pool_ptr));
+		mem_pool_init(*pool_ptr, 0);
+	}
 
 	return *pool_ptr;
 }
@@ -1171,20 +1173,6 @@
 				return retval;
 			}
 
-			if (istate->cache_nr > 0 &&
-				ce_namelen(istate->cache[istate->cache_nr - 1]) > len) {
-				/*
-				 * The directory prefix lines up with part of
-				 * a longer file or directory name, but sorts
-				 * after it, so this sub-directory cannot
-				 * collide with a file.
-				 *
-				 * last: xxx/yy-file (because '-' sorts before '/')
-				 * this: xxx/yy/abc
-				 */
-				return retval;
-			}
-
 			/*
 			 * This is a possible collision. Fall through and
 			 * let the regular search code handle it.
@@ -2020,11 +2008,12 @@
 {
 	unsigned long consumed;
 
+	istate->ce_mem_pool = xmalloc(sizeof(*istate->ce_mem_pool));
 	if (istate->version == 4) {
-		mem_pool_init(&istate->ce_mem_pool,
+		mem_pool_init(istate->ce_mem_pool,
 				estimate_cache_size_from_compressed(istate->cache_nr));
 	} else {
-		mem_pool_init(&istate->ce_mem_pool,
+		mem_pool_init(istate->ce_mem_pool,
 				estimate_cache_size(mmap_size, istate->cache_nr));
 	}
 
@@ -2084,7 +2073,8 @@
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		BUG("the name hash isn't thread safe");
 
-	mem_pool_init(&istate->ce_mem_pool, 0);
+	istate->ce_mem_pool = xmalloc(sizeof(*istate->ce_mem_pool));
+	mem_pool_init(istate->ce_mem_pool, 0);
 
 	/* ensure we have no more threads than we have blocks to process */
 	if (nr_threads > ieot->nr)
@@ -2111,11 +2101,12 @@
 		nr = 0;
 		for (j = p->ieot_start; j < p->ieot_start + p->ieot_blocks; j++)
 			nr += p->ieot->entries[j].nr;
+		istate->ce_mem_pool = xmalloc(sizeof(*istate->ce_mem_pool));
 		if (istate->version == 4) {
-			mem_pool_init(&p->ce_mem_pool,
+			mem_pool_init(p->ce_mem_pool,
 				estimate_cache_size_from_compressed(nr));
 		} else {
-			mem_pool_init(&p->ce_mem_pool,
+			mem_pool_init(p->ce_mem_pool,
 				estimate_cache_size(mmap_size, nr));
 		}
 
@@ -2372,7 +2363,7 @@
 
 	if (istate->ce_mem_pool) {
 		mem_pool_discard(istate->ce_mem_pool, should_validate_cache_entries());
-		istate->ce_mem_pool = NULL;
+		FREE_AND_NULL(istate->ce_mem_pool);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/ref-filter.c b/ref-filter.c
index 8447cb0..8ba0e31 100644
--- a/ref-filter.c
+++ b/ref-filter.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "worktree.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 static struct ref_msg {
 	const char *gone;
@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@
 			unsigned int nobracket : 1, push : 1, push_remote : 1;
 		} remote_ref;
 		struct {
-			enum { C_BARE, C_BODY, C_BODY_DEP, C_LINES, C_SIG, C_SUB, C_TRAILERS } option;
+			enum { C_BARE, C_BODY, C_BODY_DEP, C_LENGTH,
+			       C_LINES, C_SIG, C_SUB, C_TRAILERS } option;
 			struct process_trailer_options trailer_opts;
 			unsigned int nlines;
 		} contents;
@@ -338,13 +339,17 @@
 		atom->u.contents.option = C_BARE;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "body"))
 		atom->u.contents.option = C_BODY;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "size"))
+		atom->u.contents.option = C_LENGTH;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "signature"))
 		atom->u.contents.option = C_SIG;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "subject"))
 		atom->u.contents.option = C_SUB;
-	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "trailers", &arg)) {
-		skip_prefix(arg, ":", &arg);
-		if (trailers_atom_parser(format, atom, *arg ? arg : NULL, err))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "trailers")) {
+		if (trailers_atom_parser(format, atom, NULL, err))
+			return -1;
+	} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "trailers:", &arg)) {
+		if (trailers_atom_parser(format, atom, arg, err))
 			return -1;
 	} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "lines=", &arg)) {
 		atom->u.contents.option = C_LINES;
@@ -1253,6 +1258,8 @@
 			v->s = copy_subject(subpos, sublen);
 		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_BODY_DEP)
 			v->s = xmemdupz(bodypos, bodylen);
+		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_LENGTH)
+			v->s = xstrfmt("%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)strlen(subpos));
 		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_BODY)
 			v->s = xmemdupz(bodypos, nonsiglen);
 		else if (atom->u.contents.option == C_SIG)
@@ -1914,15 +1921,15 @@
 static void find_longest_prefixes(struct string_list *out,
 				  const char **patterns)
 {
-	struct argv_array sorted = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec sorted = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct strbuf prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&sorted, patterns);
-	QSORT(sorted.argv, sorted.argc, qsort_strcmp);
+	strvec_pushv(&sorted, patterns);
+	QSORT(sorted.v, sorted.nr, qsort_strcmp);
 
-	find_longest_prefixes_1(out, &prefix, sorted.argv, sorted.argc);
+	find_longest_prefixes_1(out, &prefix, sorted.v, sorted.nr);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&sorted);
+	strvec_clear(&sorted);
 	strbuf_release(&prefix);
 }
 
@@ -1980,7 +1987,7 @@
  * of oids. If the given ref is a tag, check if the given tag points
  * at one of the oids in the given oid array.
  * NEEDSWORK:
- * 1. Only a single level of inderection is obtained, we might want to
+ * 1. Only a single level of indirection is obtained, we might want to
  * change this to account for multiple levels (e.g. annotated tags
  * pointing to annotated tags pointing to a commit.)
  * 2. As the refs are cached we might know what refname peels to without
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 639cba9..6aa4893 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "worktree.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
 	return read_ref_full(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, oid, NULL);
 }
 
-static int refs_ref_exists(struct ref_store *refs, const char *refname)
+int refs_ref_exists(struct ref_store *refs, const char *refname)
 {
 	return !!refs_resolve_ref_unsafe(refs, refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, NULL, NULL);
 }
@@ -553,13 +553,13 @@
  * Given a 'prefix' expand it by the rules in 'ref_rev_parse_rules' and add
  * the results to 'prefixes'
  */
-void expand_ref_prefix(struct argv_array *prefixes, const char *prefix)
+void expand_ref_prefix(struct strvec *prefixes, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char **p;
 	int len = strlen(prefix);
 
 	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++)
-		argv_array_pushf(prefixes, *p, len, prefix);
+		strvec_pushf(prefixes, *p, len, prefix);
 }
 
 char *repo_default_branch_name(struct repository *r)
@@ -708,10 +708,9 @@
 
 static int is_per_worktree_ref(const char *refname)
 {
-	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") ||
-		starts_with(refname, "refs/worktree/") ||
-		starts_with(refname, "refs/bisect/") ||
-		starts_with(refname, "refs/rewritten/");
+	return starts_with(refname, "refs/worktree/") ||
+	       starts_with(refname, "refs/bisect/") ||
+	       starts_with(refname, "refs/rewritten/");
 }
 
 static int is_pseudoref_syntax(const char *refname)
@@ -771,102 +770,6 @@
 	return timeout_ms;
 }
 
-static int write_pseudoref(const char *pseudoref, const struct object_id *oid,
-			   const struct object_id *old_oid, struct strbuf *err)
-{
-	const char *filename;
-	int fd;
-	struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = -1;
-
-	if (!oid)
-		return 0;
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
-
-	filename = git_path("%s", pseudoref);
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(&lock, filename, 0,
-					       get_files_ref_lock_timeout_ms());
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		strbuf_addf(err, _("could not open '%s' for writing: %s"),
-			    filename, strerror(errno));
-		goto done;
-	}
-
-	if (old_oid) {
-		struct object_id actual_old_oid;
-
-		if (read_ref(pseudoref, &actual_old_oid)) {
-			if (!is_null_oid(old_oid)) {
-				strbuf_addf(err, _("could not read ref '%s'"),
-					    pseudoref);
-				rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-				goto done;
-			}
-		} else if (is_null_oid(old_oid)) {
-			strbuf_addf(err, _("ref '%s' already exists"),
-				    pseudoref);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-			goto done;
-		} else if (!oideq(&actual_old_oid, old_oid)) {
-			strbuf_addf(err, _("unexpected object ID when writing '%s'"),
-				    pseudoref);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-			goto done;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
-		strbuf_addf(err, _("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		goto done;
-	}
-
-	commit_lock_file(&lock);
-	ret = 0;
-done:
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int delete_pseudoref(const char *pseudoref, const struct object_id *old_oid)
-{
-	const char *filename;
-
-	filename = git_path("%s", pseudoref);
-
-	if (old_oid && !is_null_oid(old_oid)) {
-		struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
-		int fd;
-		struct object_id actual_old_oid;
-
-		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(
-				&lock, filename, 0,
-				get_files_ref_lock_timeout_ms());
-		if (fd < 0) {
-			error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"),
-				    filename);
-			return -1;
-		}
-		if (read_ref(pseudoref, &actual_old_oid))
-			die(_("could not read ref '%s'"), pseudoref);
-		if (!oideq(&actual_old_oid, old_oid)) {
-			error(_("unexpected object ID when deleting '%s'"),
-			      pseudoref);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		unlink(filename);
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-	} else {
-		unlink(filename);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int refs_delete_ref(struct ref_store *refs, const char *msg,
 		    const char *refname,
 		    const struct object_id *old_oid,
@@ -875,11 +778,6 @@
 	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (ref_type(refname) == REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF) {
-		assert(refs == get_main_ref_store(the_repository));
-		return delete_pseudoref(refname, old_oid);
-	}
-
 	transaction = ref_store_transaction_begin(refs, &err);
 	if (!transaction ||
 	    ref_transaction_delete(transaction, refname, old_oid,
@@ -902,12 +800,11 @@
 			       old_oid, flags);
 }
 
-void copy_reflog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg)
+static void copy_reflog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg)
 {
 	char c;
 	int wasspace = 1;
 
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\t');
 	while ((c = *msg++)) {
 		if (wasspace && isspace(c))
 			continue;
@@ -919,6 +816,15 @@
 	strbuf_rtrim(sb);
 }
 
+static char *normalize_reflog_message(const char *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (msg && *msg)
+		copy_reflog_msg(&sb, msg);
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+}
+
 int should_autocreate_reflog(const char *refname)
 {
 	switch (log_all_ref_updates) {
@@ -1124,7 +1030,7 @@
 		oidcpy(&update->new_oid, new_oid);
 	if (flags & REF_HAVE_OLD)
 		oidcpy(&update->old_oid, old_oid);
-	update->msg = xstrdup_or_null(msg);
+	update->msg = normalize_reflog_message(msg);
 	return update;
 }
 
@@ -1202,18 +1108,13 @@
 	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (ref_type(refname) == REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF) {
-		assert(refs == get_main_ref_store(the_repository));
-		ret = write_pseudoref(refname, new_oid, old_oid, &err);
-	} else {
-		t = ref_store_transaction_begin(refs, &err);
-		if (!t ||
-		    ref_transaction_update(t, refname, new_oid, old_oid,
-					   flags, msg, &err) ||
-		    ref_transaction_commit(t, &err)) {
-			ret = 1;
-			ref_transaction_free(t);
-		}
+	t = ref_store_transaction_begin(refs, &err);
+	if (!t ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(t, refname, new_oid, old_oid, flags, msg,
+				   &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(t, &err)) {
+		ret = 1;
+		ref_transaction_free(t);
 	}
 	if (ret) {
 		const char *str = _("update_ref failed for ref '%s': %s");
@@ -1626,11 +1527,37 @@
 	return refs_for_each_rawref(get_main_ref_store(the_repository), fn, cb_data);
 }
 
+static int refs_read_special_head(struct ref_store *ref_store,
+				  const char *refname, struct object_id *oid,
+				  struct strbuf *referent, unsigned int *type)
+{
+	struct strbuf full_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf content = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int result = -1;
+	strbuf_addf(&full_path, "%s/%s", ref_store->gitdir, refname);
+
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&content, full_path.buf, 0) < 0)
+		goto done;
+
+	result = parse_loose_ref_contents(content.buf, oid, referent, type);
+
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&full_path);
+	strbuf_release(&content);
+	return result;
+}
+
 int refs_read_raw_ref(struct ref_store *ref_store,
 		      const char *refname, struct object_id *oid,
 		      struct strbuf *referent, unsigned int *type)
 {
-	return ref_store->be->read_raw_ref(ref_store, refname, oid, referent, type);
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "FETCH_HEAD") || !strcmp(refname, "MERGE_HEAD")) {
+		return refs_read_special_head(ref_store, refname, oid, referent,
+					      type);
+	}
+
+	return ref_store->be->read_raw_ref(ref_store, refname, oid, referent,
+					   type);
 }
 
 /* This function needs to return a meaningful errno on failure */
@@ -1983,9 +1910,14 @@
 		       const char *refs_heads_master,
 		       const char *logmsg)
 {
-	return refs->be->create_symref(refs, ref_target,
-				       refs_heads_master,
-				       logmsg);
+	char *msg;
+	int retval;
+
+	msg = normalize_reflog_message(logmsg);
+	retval = refs->be->create_symref(refs, ref_target, refs_heads_master,
+					 msg);
+	free(msg);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master,
@@ -2031,13 +1963,13 @@
 	if (hook == &hook_not_found)
 		return ret;
 	if (!hook)
-		hook = find_hook("reference-transaction");
+		hook = xstrdup_or_null(find_hook("reference-transaction"));
 	if (!hook) {
 		hook = &hook_not_found;
 		return ret;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&proc.args, hook, state, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&proc.args, hook, state, NULL);
 	proc.in = -1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	proc.trace2_hook_name = "reference-transaction";
@@ -2370,10 +2302,16 @@
 	return refs->be->initial_transaction_commit(refs, transaction, err);
 }
 
-int refs_delete_refs(struct ref_store *refs, const char *msg,
+int refs_delete_refs(struct ref_store *refs, const char *logmsg,
 		     struct string_list *refnames, unsigned int flags)
 {
-	return refs->be->delete_refs(refs, msg, refnames, flags);
+	char *msg;
+	int retval;
+
+	msg = normalize_reflog_message(logmsg);
+	retval = refs->be->delete_refs(refs, msg, refnames, flags);
+	free(msg);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 int delete_refs(const char *msg, struct string_list *refnames,
@@ -2385,7 +2323,13 @@
 int refs_rename_ref(struct ref_store *refs, const char *oldref,
 		    const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
 {
-	return refs->be->rename_ref(refs, oldref, newref, logmsg);
+	char *msg;
+	int retval;
+
+	msg = normalize_reflog_message(logmsg);
+	retval = refs->be->rename_ref(refs, oldref, newref, msg);
+	free(msg);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
@@ -2396,7 +2340,13 @@
 int refs_copy_existing_ref(struct ref_store *refs, const char *oldref,
 		    const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
 {
-	return refs->be->copy_ref(refs, oldref, newref, logmsg);
+	char *msg;
+	int retval;
+
+	msg = normalize_reflog_message(logmsg);
+	retval = refs->be->copy_ref(refs, oldref, newref, msg);
+	free(msg);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 int copy_existing_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index f212f89..04bd250 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@
 				  const struct string_list *skip,
 				  struct strbuf *err);
 
+int refs_ref_exists(struct ref_store *refs, const char *refname);
+
 int ref_exists(const char *refname);
 
 int should_autocreate_reflog(const char *refname);
@@ -145,8 +147,8 @@
  * Given a 'prefix' expand it by the rules in 'ref_rev_parse_rules' and add
  * the results to 'prefixes'
  */
-struct argv_array;
-void expand_ref_prefix(struct argv_array *prefixes, const char *prefix);
+struct strvec;
+void expand_ref_prefix(struct strvec *prefixes, const char *prefix);
 
 int expand_ref(struct repository *r, const char *str, int len, struct object_id *oid, char **ref);
 int repo_dwim_ref(struct repository *r, const char *str, int len, struct object_id *oid, char **ref);
diff --git a/refs/files-backend.c b/refs/files-backend.c
index 6516c7b..dd712e4 100644
--- a/refs/files-backend.c
+++ b/refs/files-backend.c
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 	struct ref_store base;
 	unsigned int store_flags;
 
-	char *gitdir;
 	char *gitcommondir;
 
 	struct ref_cache *loose;
@@ -94,18 +93,17 @@
 	struct ref_store *ref_store = (struct ref_store *)refs;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	ref_store->gitdir = xstrdup(gitdir);
 	base_ref_store_init(ref_store, &refs_be_files);
 	refs->store_flags = flags;
 
-	refs->gitdir = xstrdup(gitdir);
 	get_common_dir_noenv(&sb, gitdir);
 	refs->gitcommondir = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/packed-refs", refs->gitcommondir);
 	refs->packed_ref_store = packed_ref_store_create(sb.buf, flags);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	chdir_notify_reparent("files-backend $GIT_DIR",
-			      &refs->gitdir);
+	chdir_notify_reparent("files-backend $GIT_DIR", &refs->base.gitdir);
 	chdir_notify_reparent("files-backend $GIT_COMMONDIR",
 			      &refs->gitcommondir);
 
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@
 	switch (ref_type(refname)) {
 	case REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE:
 	case REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/logs/%s", refs->gitdir, refname);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/logs/%s", refs->base.gitdir, refname);
 		break;
 	case REF_TYPE_OTHER_PSEUDOREF:
 	case REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF:
@@ -198,7 +196,7 @@
 	switch (ref_type(refname)) {
 	case REF_TYPE_PER_WORKTREE:
 	case REF_TYPE_PSEUDOREF:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/%s", refs->gitdir, refname);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s/%s", refs->base.gitdir, refname);
 		break;
 	case REF_TYPE_MAIN_PSEUDOREF:
 		if (!skip_prefix(refname, "main-worktree/", &refname))
@@ -360,7 +358,6 @@
 	struct strbuf sb_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *path;
 	const char *buf;
-	const char *p;
 	struct stat st;
 	int fd;
 	int ret = -1;
@@ -465,29 +462,8 @@
 	close(fd);
 	strbuf_rtrim(&sb_contents);
 	buf = sb_contents.buf;
-	if (skip_prefix(buf, "ref:", &buf)) {
-		while (isspace(*buf))
-			buf++;
 
-		strbuf_reset(referent);
-		strbuf_addstr(referent, buf);
-		*type |= REF_ISSYMREF;
-		ret = 0;
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Please note that FETCH_HEAD has additional
-	 * data after the sha.
-	 */
-	if (parse_oid_hex(buf, oid, &p) ||
-	    (*p != '\0' && !isspace(*p))) {
-		*type |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	ret = 0;
+	ret = parse_loose_ref_contents(buf, oid, referent, type);
 
 out:
 	save_errno = errno;
@@ -497,6 +473,32 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int parse_loose_ref_contents(const char *buf, struct object_id *oid,
+			     struct strbuf *referent, unsigned int *type)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	if (skip_prefix(buf, "ref:", &buf)) {
+		while (isspace(*buf))
+			buf++;
+
+		strbuf_reset(referent);
+		strbuf_addstr(referent, buf);
+		*type |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * FETCH_HEAD has additional data after the sha.
+	 */
+	if (parse_oid_hex(buf, oid, &p) ||
+	    (*p != '\0' && !isspace(*p))) {
+		*type |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 {
 	rollback_lock_file(&lock->lk);
@@ -1628,8 +1630,10 @@
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s %s %s", oid_to_hex(old_oid), oid_to_hex(new_oid), committer);
-	if (msg && *msg)
-		copy_reflog_msg(&sb, msg);
+	if (msg && *msg) {
+		strbuf_addch(&sb, '\t');
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, msg);
+	}
 	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
 	if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0)
 		ret = -1;
@@ -2197,12 +2201,11 @@
 		files_downcast(ref_store, REF_STORE_READ,
 			       "reflog_iterator_begin");
 
-	if (!strcmp(refs->gitdir, refs->gitcommondir)) {
+	if (!strcmp(refs->base.gitdir, refs->gitcommondir)) {
 		return reflog_iterator_begin(ref_store, refs->gitcommondir);
 	} else {
 		return merge_ref_iterator_begin(
-			0,
-			reflog_iterator_begin(ref_store, refs->gitdir),
+			0, reflog_iterator_begin(ref_store, refs->base.gitdir),
 			reflog_iterator_begin(ref_store, refs->gitcommondir),
 			reflog_iterator_select, refs);
 	}
diff --git a/refs/packed-backend.c b/refs/packed-backend.c
index 4458a0f..b912f25 100644
--- a/refs/packed-backend.c
+++ b/refs/packed-backend.c
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@
 	struct ref_store *ref_store = (struct ref_store *)refs;
 
 	base_ref_store_init(ref_store, &refs_be_packed);
+	ref_store->gitdir = xstrdup(path);
 	refs->store_flags = store_flags;
 
 	refs->path = xstrdup(path);
diff --git a/refs/refs-internal.h b/refs/refs-internal.h
index 4271362..527b0a6 100644
--- a/refs/refs-internal.h
+++ b/refs/refs-internal.h
@@ -96,12 +96,6 @@
  */
 enum peel_status peel_object(const struct object_id *name, struct object_id *oid);
 
-/*
- * Copy the reflog message msg to sb while cleaning up the whitespaces.
- * Especially, convert LF to space, because reflog file is one line per entry.
- */
-void copy_reflog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg);
-
 /**
  * Information needed for a single ref update. Set new_oid to the new
  * value or to null_oid to delete the ref. To check the old value
@@ -673,14 +667,23 @@
 /*
  * A representation of the reference store for the main repository or
  * a submodule. The ref_store instances for submodules are kept in a
- * linked list.
+ * hash map; see get_submodule_ref_store() for more info.
  */
 struct ref_store {
 	/* The backend describing this ref_store's storage scheme: */
 	const struct ref_storage_be *be;
+
+	/* The gitdir that this ref_store applies to: */
+	char *gitdir;
 };
 
 /*
+ * Parse contents of a loose ref file.
+ */
+int parse_loose_ref_contents(const char *buf, struct object_id *oid,
+			     struct strbuf *referent, unsigned int *type);
+
+/*
  * Fill in the generic part of refs and add it to our collection of
  * reference stores.
  */
diff --git a/refspec.c b/refspec.c
index 9a9bf21..f10ef28 100644
--- a/refspec.c
+++ b/refspec.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "refspec.h"
 
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
 }
 
 void refspec_ref_prefixes(const struct refspec *rs,
-			  struct argv_array *ref_prefixes)
+			  struct strvec *ref_prefixes)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
@@ -221,9 +221,9 @@
 		if (prefix) {
 			if (item->pattern) {
 				const char *glob = strchr(prefix, '*');
-				argv_array_pushf(ref_prefixes, "%.*s",
-						 (int)(glob - prefix),
-						 prefix);
+				strvec_pushf(ref_prefixes, "%.*s",
+					     (int)(glob - prefix),
+					     prefix);
 			} else {
 				expand_ref_prefix(ref_prefixes, prefix);
 			}
diff --git a/refspec.h b/refspec.h
index 3f2bd4a..8d654e3 100644
--- a/refspec.h
+++ b/refspec.h
@@ -4,6 +4,19 @@
 #define TAG_REFSPEC "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"
 extern const struct refspec_item *tag_refspec;
 
+/**
+ * A struct refspec_item holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec.  If it will
+ * force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true.  If it is a pattern
+ * (sides end with '*') pattern is true.  src and dest are the two sides
+ * (including '*' characters if present); if there is only one side, it is src,
+ * and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are empty (i.e., the refspec either
+ * starts or ends with ':'), the corresponding side is "".
+ *
+ * remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec_item with either src
+ * or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the result is in the
+ * "fetch" specification for the remote (note that this evaluates patterns and
+ * returns a single result).
+ */
 struct refspec_item {
 	unsigned force : 1;
 	unsigned pattern : 1;
@@ -21,20 +34,8 @@
 #define REFSPEC_INIT_PUSH { .fetch = REFSPEC_PUSH }
 
 /**
- * A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec.  If it will
- * force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true.  If it is a pattern
- * (sides end with '*') pattern is true.  src and dest are the two sides
- * (including '*' characters if present); if there is only one side, it is src,
- * and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are empty (i.e., the refspec either
- * starts or ends with ':'), the corresponding side is "".
- *
- * An array of strings can be parsed into an array of struct refspecs using
+ * An array of strings can be parsed into a struct refspec using
  * parse_fetch_refspec() or parse_push_refspec().
- *
- * remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec with either src
- * or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the result is in the
- * "fetch" specification for the remote (note that this evaluates patterns and
- * returns a single result).
  */
 struct refspec {
 	struct refspec_item *items;
@@ -60,12 +61,12 @@
 
 int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *refspec);
 
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 /*
  * Determine what <prefix> values to pass to the peer in ref-prefix lines
  * (see Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt).
  */
 void refspec_ref_prefixes(const struct refspec *rs,
-			  struct argv_array *ref_prefixes);
+			  struct strvec *ref_prefixes);
 
 #endif /* REFSPEC_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
index 5cbc6e5..62b3a45 100644
--- a/remote-curl.c
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
@@ -121,7 +121,11 @@
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(name, "cas")) {
 		struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
-		strbuf_addf(&val, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=%s", value);
+		strbuf_addstr(&val, "--force-with-lease=");
+		if (*value != '"')
+			strbuf_addstr(&val, value);
+		else if (unquote_c_style(&val, value, NULL))
+			return -1;
 		string_list_append(&cas_options, val.buf);
 		strbuf_release(&val);
 		return 0;
@@ -1141,41 +1145,41 @@
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
 	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i, err;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct strbuf rpc_result = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "fetch-pack", "--stateless-rpc",
-			 "--stdin", "--lock-pack", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "fetch-pack", "--stateless-rpc",
+		     "--stdin", "--lock-pack", NULL);
 	if (options.followtags)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--include-tag");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--include-tag");
 	if (options.thin)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--thin");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--thin");
 	if (options.verbosity >= 3)
-		argv_array_pushl(&args, "-v", "-v", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&args, "-v", "-v", NULL);
 	if (options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--check-self-contained-and-connected");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--check-self-contained-and-connected");
 	if (options.cloning)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--cloning");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--cloning");
 	if (options.update_shallow)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--update-shallow");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--update-shallow");
 	if (!options.progress)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-progress");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--no-progress");
 	if (options.depth)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--depth=%lu", options.depth);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--depth=%lu", options.depth);
 	if (options.deepen_since)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--shallow-since=%s", options.deepen_since);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--shallow-since=%s", options.deepen_since);
 	for (i = 0; i < options.deepen_not.nr; i++)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--shallow-exclude=%s",
-				 options.deepen_not.items[i].string);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--shallow-exclude=%s",
+			     options.deepen_not.items[i].string);
 	if (options.deepen_relative && options.depth)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--deepen-relative");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--deepen-relative");
 	if (options.from_promisor)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--from-promisor");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--from-promisor");
 	if (options.no_dependents)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--no-dependents");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--no-dependents");
 	if (options.filter)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--filter=%s", options.filter);
-	argv_array_push(&args, url.buf);
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--filter=%s", options.filter);
+	strvec_push(&args, url.buf);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		struct ref *ref = to_fetch[i];
@@ -1190,12 +1194,12 @@
 	rpc.service_name = "git-upload-pack",
 	rpc.gzip_request = 1;
 
-	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads, args.argv, &preamble, &rpc_result);
+	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads, args.v, &preamble, &rpc_result);
 	if (rpc_result.len)
 		write_or_die(1, rpc_result.buf, rpc_result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc_result);
 	strbuf_release(&preamble);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -1267,15 +1271,15 @@
 	size_t i;
 
 	child.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_push(&child.args, "http-push");
-	argv_array_push(&child.args, "--helper-status");
+	strvec_push(&child.args, "http-push");
+	strvec_push(&child.args, "--helper-status");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--dry-run");
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "--dry-run");
 	if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--verbose");
-	argv_array_push(&child.args, url.buf);
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "--verbose");
+	strvec_push(&child.args, url.buf);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, specs[i]);
+		strvec_push(&child.args, specs[i]);
 
 	if (run_command(&child))
 		die(_("git-http-push failed"));
@@ -1286,38 +1290,38 @@
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
 	int i, err;
-	struct argv_array args;
+	struct strvec args;
 	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
 	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf rpc_result = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_init(&args);
-	argv_array_pushl(&args, "send-pack", "--stateless-rpc", "--helper-status",
-			 NULL);
+	strvec_init(&args);
+	strvec_pushl(&args, "send-pack", "--stateless-rpc", "--helper-status",
+		     NULL);
 
 	if (options.thin)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--thin");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--thin");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--dry-run");
 	if (options.push_cert == SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_ALWAYS)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--signed=yes");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--signed=yes");
 	else if (options.push_cert == SEND_PACK_PUSH_CERT_IF_ASKED)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--signed=if-asked");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--signed=if-asked");
 	if (options.atomic)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--atomic");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--atomic");
 	if (options.verbosity == 0)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--quiet");
 	else if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--verbose");
+		strvec_push(&args, "--verbose");
 	for (i = 0; i < options.push_options.nr; i++)
-		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--push-option=%s",
-				 options.push_options.items[i].string);
-	argv_array_push(&args, options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress");
+		strvec_pushf(&args, "--push-option=%s",
+			     options.push_options.items[i].string);
+	strvec_push(&args, options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress");
 	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
-		argv_array_push(&args, cas_option->string);
-	argv_array_push(&args, url.buf);
+		strvec_push(&args, cas_option->string);
+	strvec_push(&args, url.buf);
 
-	argv_array_push(&args, "--stdin");
+	strvec_push(&args, "--stdin");
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
 		packet_buf_write(&preamble, "%s\n", specs[i]);
 	packet_buf_flush(&preamble);
@@ -1325,12 +1329,12 @@
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-receive-pack",
 
-	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads, args.argv, &preamble, &rpc_result);
+	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads, args.v, &preamble, &rpc_result);
 	if (rpc_result.len)
 		write_or_die(1, rpc_result.buf, rpc_result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc_result);
 	strbuf_release(&preamble);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -1349,13 +1353,13 @@
 
 static void parse_push(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	struct argv_array specs = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec specs = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
 	do {
 		const char *arg;
 		if (skip_prefix(buf->buf, "push ", &arg))
-			argv_array_push(&specs, arg);
+			strvec_push(&specs, arg);
 		else
 			die(_("http transport does not support %s"), buf->buf);
 
@@ -1366,7 +1370,7 @@
 			break;
 	} while (1);
 
-	ret = push(specs.argc, specs.argv);
+	ret = push(specs.nr, specs.v);
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
 
@@ -1374,7 +1378,7 @@
 		exit(128); /* error already reported */
 
 free_specs:
-	argv_array_clear(&specs);
+	strvec_clear(&specs);
 }
 
 static int stateless_connect(const char *service_name)
diff --git a/remote-testsvn.c b/remote-testsvn.c
index cde39b9..636b2b6 100644
--- a/remote-testsvn.c
+++ b/remote-testsvn.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
 #include "notes.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 static const char *url;
 static int dump_from_file;
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@
 			die_errno("Couldn't open svn dump file %s.", url);
 	} else {
 		svndump_proc.out = -1;
-		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, command);
-		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, "dump");
-		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, url);
-		argv_array_pushf(&svndump_proc.args, "-r%u:HEAD", startrev);
+		strvec_push(&svndump_proc.args, command);
+		strvec_push(&svndump_proc.args, "dump");
+		strvec_push(&svndump_proc.args, url);
+		strvec_pushf(&svndump_proc.args, "-r%u:HEAD", startrev);
 
 		code = start_command(&svndump_proc);
 		if (code)
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index bc46413..c5ed74f 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "mergesort.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "advice.h"
 
@@ -1885,7 +1885,7 @@
 	struct object_id oid;
 	struct commit *ours, *theirs;
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	/* Cannot stat if what we used to build on no longer exists */
 	if (read_ref(base, &oid))
@@ -1911,15 +1911,15 @@
 		BUG("stat_branch_pair: invalid abf '%d'", abf);
 
 	/* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
-	argv_array_push(&argv, ""); /* ignored */
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "--left-right");
-	argv_array_pushf(&argv, "%s...%s",
-			 oid_to_hex(&ours->object.oid),
-			 oid_to_hex(&theirs->object.oid));
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
+	strvec_push(&argv, ""); /* ignored */
+	strvec_push(&argv, "--left-right");
+	strvec_pushf(&argv, "%s...%s",
+		     oid_to_hex(&ours->object.oid),
+		     oid_to_hex(&theirs->object.oid));
+	strvec_push(&argv, "--");
 
 	repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &revs, NULL);
-	setup_revisions(argv.argc, argv.argv, &revs, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(argv.nr, argv.v, &revs, NULL);
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
@@ -1938,7 +1938,7 @@
 	clear_commit_marks(ours, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
 	clear_commit_marks(theirs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 	return 1;
 }
 
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
index 5cc26c1..5e3ea5a 100644
--- a/remote.h
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 
 struct oid_array;
 struct packet_reader;
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 struct string_list;
 struct ref **get_remote_heads(struct packet_reader *reader,
 			      struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 /* Used for protocol v2 in order to retrieve refs from a remote */
 struct ref **get_remote_refs(int fd_out, struct packet_reader *reader,
 			     struct ref **list, int for_push,
-			     const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes,
+			     const struct strvec *ref_prefixes,
 			     const struct string_list *server_options,
 			     int stateless_rpc);
 
diff --git a/repository.c b/repository.c
index 6f7f6f0..a4174dd 100644
--- a/repository.c
+++ b/repository.c
@@ -89,10 +89,6 @@
 void repo_set_hash_algo(struct repository *repo, int hash_algo)
 {
 	repo->hash_algo = &hash_algos[hash_algo];
-#ifndef ENABLE_SHA256
-	if (hash_algo != GIT_HASH_SHA1)
-		die(_("The hash algorithm %s is not supported in this build."), repo->hash_algo->name);
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index f0ad260..96630e3 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include "bisect.h"
 #include "packfile.h"
 #include "worktree.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "commit-reach.h"
 #include "commit-graph.h"
 #include "prio-queue.h"
@@ -633,7 +633,6 @@
 static unsigned int count_bloom_filter_definitely_not;
 static unsigned int count_bloom_filter_false_positive;
 static unsigned int count_bloom_filter_not_present;
-static unsigned int count_bloom_filter_length_zero;
 
 static void trace2_bloom_filter_statistics_atexit(void)
 {
@@ -641,7 +640,6 @@
 
 	jw_object_begin(&jw, 0);
 	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "filter_not_present", count_bloom_filter_not_present);
-	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "zero_length_filter", count_bloom_filter_length_zero);
 	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "maybe", count_bloom_filter_maybe);
 	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "definitely_not", count_bloom_filter_definitely_not);
 	jw_object_intmax(&jw, "false_positive", count_bloom_filter_false_positive);
@@ -670,9 +668,9 @@
 {
 	struct pathspec_item *pi;
 	char *path_alloc = NULL;
-	const char *path;
-	int last_index;
-	int len;
+	const char *path, *p;
+	size_t len;
+	int path_component_nr = 1;
 
 	if (!revs->commits)
 		return;
@@ -693,20 +691,48 @@
 		return;
 
 	pi = &revs->pruning.pathspec.items[0];
-	last_index = pi->len - 1;
 
 	/* remove single trailing slash from path, if needed */
-	if (pi->match[last_index] == '/') {
-	    path_alloc = xstrdup(pi->match);
-	    path_alloc[last_index] = '\0';
-	    path = path_alloc;
+	if (pi->len > 0 && pi->match[pi->len - 1] == '/') {
+		path_alloc = xmemdupz(pi->match, pi->len - 1);
+		path = path_alloc;
 	} else
-	    path = pi->match;
+		path = pi->match;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
+	if (!len) {
+		revs->bloom_filter_settings = NULL;
+		free(path_alloc);
+		return;
+	}
 
-	revs->bloom_key = xmalloc(sizeof(struct bloom_key));
-	fill_bloom_key(path, len, revs->bloom_key, revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+	p = path;
+	while (*p) {
+		/*
+		 * At this point, the path is normalized to use Unix-style
+		 * path separators. This is required due to how the
+		 * changed-path Bloom filters store the paths.
+		 */
+		if (*p == '/')
+			path_component_nr++;
+		p++;
+	}
+
+	revs->bloom_keys_nr = path_component_nr;
+	ALLOC_ARRAY(revs->bloom_keys, revs->bloom_keys_nr);
+
+	fill_bloom_key(path, len, &revs->bloom_keys[0],
+		       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+	path_component_nr = 1;
+
+	p = path + len - 1;
+	while (p > path) {
+		if (*p == '/')
+			fill_bloom_key(path, p - path,
+				       &revs->bloom_keys[path_component_nr++],
+				       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
+		p--;
+	}
 
 	if (trace2_is_enabled() && !bloom_filter_atexit_registered) {
 		atexit(trace2_bloom_filter_statistics_atexit);
@@ -720,7 +746,7 @@
 						 struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct bloom_filter *filter;
-	int result;
+	int result = 1, j;
 
 	if (!revs->repo->objects->commit_graph)
 		return -1;
@@ -735,15 +761,12 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (!filter->len) {
-		count_bloom_filter_length_zero++;
-		return -1;
+	for (j = 0; result && j < revs->bloom_keys_nr; j++) {
+		result = bloom_filter_contains(filter,
+					       &revs->bloom_keys[j],
+					       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
 	}
 
-	result = bloom_filter_contains(filter,
-				       revs->bloom_key,
-				       revs->bloom_filter_settings);
-
 	if (result)
 		count_bloom_filter_maybe++;
 	else
@@ -782,7 +805,7 @@
 			return REV_TREE_SAME;
 	}
 
-	if (revs->bloom_key && !nth_parent) {
+	if (revs->bloom_keys_nr && !nth_parent) {
 		bloom_ret = check_maybe_different_in_bloom_filter(revs, commit);
 
 		if (bloom_ret == 0)
@@ -791,9 +814,7 @@
 
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	revs->pruning.flags.has_changes = 0;
-	if (diff_tree_oid(&t1->object.oid, &t2->object.oid, "",
-			   &revs->pruning) < 0)
-		return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
+	diff_tree_oid(&t1->object.oid, &t2->object.oid, "", &revs->pruning);
 
 	if (!nth_parent)
 		if (bloom_ret == 1 && tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME)
@@ -804,7 +825,6 @@
 
 static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	int retval;
 	struct tree *t1 = get_commit_tree(commit);
 
 	if (!t1)
@@ -812,9 +832,9 @@
 
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	revs->pruning.flags.has_changes = 0;
-	retval = diff_tree_oid(NULL, &t1->object.oid, "", &revs->pruning);
+	diff_tree_oid(NULL, &t1->object.oid, "", &revs->pruning);
 
-	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
+	return tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME;
 }
 
 struct treesame_state {
@@ -1795,7 +1815,7 @@
 
 	revs->repo = r;
 	revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
-	revs->ignore_merges = 1;
+	revs->ignore_merges = -1;
 	revs->simplify_history = 1;
 	revs->pruning.repo = r;
 	revs->pruning.flags.recursive = 1;
@@ -2073,14 +2093,14 @@
 }
 
 static void read_pathspec_from_stdin(struct strbuf *sb,
-				     struct argv_array *prune)
+				     struct strvec *prune)
 {
 	while (strbuf_getline(sb, stdin) != EOF)
-		argv_array_push(prune, sb->buf);
+		strvec_push(prune, sb->buf);
 }
 
 static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
-				      struct argv_array *prune)
+				      struct strvec *prune)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb;
 	int seen_dashdash = 0;
@@ -2315,7 +2335,7 @@
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--unpacked")) {
 		revs->unpacked = 1;
 	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
-		die("--unpacked=<packfile> no longer supported.");
+		die(_("--unpacked=<packfile> no longer supported"));
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
 		revs->diff = 1;
 		revs->diffopt.flags.recursive = 1;
@@ -2325,6 +2345,15 @@
 		revs->diffopt.flags.tree_in_recursive = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-m")) {
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-merges", argv, &optarg))) {
+		if (!strcmp(optarg, "off")) {
+			revs->ignore_merges = 1;
+		} else {
+			die(_("unknown value for --diff-merges: %s"), optarg);
+		}
+		return argcount;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-diff-merges")) {
+		revs->ignore_merges = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-c")) {
 		revs->diff = 1;
 		revs->dense_combined_merges = 0;
@@ -2675,7 +2704,7 @@
 int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, got_rev_arg = 0, revarg_opt;
-	struct argv_array prune_data = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec prune_data = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char *submodule = NULL;
 	int seen_end_of_options = 0;
 
@@ -2694,7 +2723,7 @@
 			argv[i] = NULL;
 			argc = i;
 			if (argv[i + 1])
-				argv_array_pushv(&prune_data, argv + i + 1);
+				strvec_pushv(&prune_data, argv + i + 1);
 			seen_dashdash = 1;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -2760,14 +2789,14 @@
 			for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
 				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 
-			argv_array_pushv(&prune_data, argv + i);
+			strvec_pushv(&prune_data, argv + i);
 			break;
 		}
 		else
 			got_rev_arg = 1;
 	}
 
-	if (prune_data.argc) {
+	if (prune_data.nr) {
 		/*
 		 * If we need to introduce the magic "a lone ':' means no
 		 * pathspec whatsoever", here is the place to do so.
@@ -2783,9 +2812,9 @@
 		 * }
 		 */
 		parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, 0, 0,
-			       revs->prefix, prune_data.argv);
+			       revs->prefix, prune_data.v);
 	}
-	argv_array_clear(&prune_data);
+	strvec_clear(&prune_data);
 
 	if (revs->def == NULL)
 		revs->def = opt ? opt->def : NULL;
@@ -2834,8 +2863,10 @@
 			copy_pathspec(&revs->diffopt.pathspec,
 				      &revs->prune_data);
 	}
-	if (revs->combine_merges)
+	if (revs->combine_merges && revs->ignore_merges < 0)
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
+	if (revs->ignore_merges < 0)
+		revs->ignore_merges = 1;
 	if (revs->combined_all_paths && !revs->combine_merges)
 		die("--combined-all-paths makes no sense without -c or --cc");
 
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index f412ae8..c1e5bcf 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@
 			show_root_diff:1,
 			no_commit_id:1,
 			verbose_header:1,
-			ignore_merges:1,
 			combine_merges:1,
 			combined_all_paths:1,
 			dense_combined_merges:1,
 			always_show_header:1;
+	int             ignore_merges:2;
 
 	/* Format info */
 	int		show_notes;
@@ -301,8 +301,10 @@
 	struct topo_walk_info *topo_walk_info;
 
 	/* Commit graph bloom filter fields */
-	/* The bloom filter key for the pathspec */
-	struct bloom_key *bloom_key;
+	/* The bloom filter key(s) for the pathspec */
+	struct bloom_key *bloom_keys;
+	int bloom_keys_nr;
+
 	/*
 	 * The bloom filter settings used to generate the key.
 	 * This is loaded from the commit-graph being used.
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index a735e38..cc9c329 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "exec-cmd.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 void child_process_init(struct child_process *child)
 {
 	memset(child, 0, sizeof(*child));
-	argv_array_init(&child->args);
-	argv_array_init(&child->env_array);
+	strvec_init(&child->args);
+	strvec_init(&child->env_array);
 }
 
 void child_process_clear(struct child_process *child)
 {
-	argv_array_clear(&child->args);
-	argv_array_clear(&child->env_array);
+	strvec_clear(&child->args);
+	strvec_clear(&child->env_array);
 }
 
 struct child_to_clean {
@@ -263,31 +263,31 @@
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const char **argv)
+static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(struct strvec *out, const char **argv)
 {
 	if (!argv[0])
 		BUG("shell command is empty");
 
 	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
-		argv_array_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
+		strvec_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
 #else
-		argv_array_push(out, "sh");
+		strvec_push(out, "sh");
 #endif
-		argv_array_push(out, "-c");
+		strvec_push(out, "-c");
 
 		/*
 		 * If we have no extra arguments, we do not even need to
 		 * bother with the "$@" magic.
 		 */
 		if (!argv[1])
-			argv_array_push(out, argv[0]);
+			strvec_push(out, argv[0]);
 		else
-			argv_array_pushf(out, "%s \"$@\"", argv[0]);
+			strvec_pushf(out, "%s \"$@\"", argv[0]);
 	}
 
-	argv_array_pushv(out, argv);
-	return out->argv;
+	strvec_pushv(out, argv);
+	return out->v;
 }
 
 #ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@
 	set_error_routine(old_errfn);
 }
 
-static int prepare_cmd(struct argv_array *out, const struct child_process *cmd)
+static int prepare_cmd(struct strvec *out, const struct child_process *cmd)
 {
 	if (!cmd->argv[0])
 		BUG("command is empty");
@@ -410,14 +410,14 @@
 	 * Add SHELL_PATH so in the event exec fails with ENOEXEC we can
 	 * attempt to interpret the command with 'sh'.
 	 */
-	argv_array_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
+	strvec_push(out, SHELL_PATH);
 
 	if (cmd->git_cmd) {
 		prepare_git_cmd(out, cmd->argv);
 	} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
 		prepare_shell_cmd(out, cmd->argv);
 	} else {
-		argv_array_pushv(out, cmd->argv);
+		strvec_pushv(out, cmd->argv);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -426,13 +426,13 @@
 	 * there are dir separator characters, we have exec attempt to invoke
 	 * the command directly.
 	 */
-	if (!has_dir_sep(out->argv[1])) {
-		char *program = locate_in_PATH(out->argv[1]);
+	if (!has_dir_sep(out->v[1])) {
+		char *program = locate_in_PATH(out->v[1]);
 		if (program) {
-			free((char *)out->argv[1]);
-			out->argv[1] = program;
+			free((char *)out->v[1]);
+			out->v[1] = program;
 		} else {
-			argv_array_clear(out);
+			strvec_clear(out);
 			errno = ENOENT;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -672,9 +672,9 @@
 	char *str;
 
 	if (!cmd->argv)
-		cmd->argv = cmd->args.argv;
+		cmd->argv = cmd->args.v;
 	if (!cmd->env)
-		cmd->env = cmd->env_array.argv;
+		cmd->env = cmd->env_array.v;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@
 	int notify_pipe[2];
 	int null_fd = -1;
 	char **childenv;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct child_err cerr;
 	struct atfork_state as;
 
@@ -846,10 +846,10 @@
 		 * be used in the event exec failed with ENOEXEC at which point
 		 * we will try to interpret the command using 'sh'.
 		 */
-		execve(argv.argv[1], (char *const *) argv.argv + 1,
+		execve(argv.v[1], (char *const *) argv.v + 1,
 		       (char *const *) childenv);
 		if (errno == ENOEXEC)
-			execve(argv.argv[0], (char *const *) argv.argv,
+			execve(argv.v[0], (char *const *) argv.v,
 			       (char *const *) childenv);
 
 		if (errno == ENOENT) {
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@
 
 	if (null_fd >= 0)
 		close(null_fd);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 	free(childenv);
 }
 end_of_spawn:
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@
 {
 	int fhin = 0, fhout = 1, fherr = 2;
 	const char **sargv = cmd->argv;
-	struct argv_array nargv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec nargv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 	if (cmd->no_stdin)
 		fhin = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@
 	if (cmd->clean_on_exit && cmd->pid >= 0)
 		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid, cmd);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&nargv);
+	strvec_clear(&nargv);
 	cmd->argv = sargv;
 	if (fhin != 0)
 		close(fhin);
@@ -1352,9 +1352,9 @@
 	if (!p)
 		return 0;
 
-	argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
+	strvec_push(&hook.args, p);
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
-		argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
+		strvec_push(&hook.args, p);
 	hook.env = env;
 	hook.no_stdin = 1;
 	hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -1868,13 +1868,13 @@
 
 int run_auto_gc(int quiet)
 {
-	struct argv_array argv_gc_auto = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv_gc_auto = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int status;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&argv_gc_auto, "gc", "--auto", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&argv_gc_auto, "gc", "--auto", NULL);
 	if (quiet)
-		argv_array_push(&argv_gc_auto, "--quiet");
-	status = run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv_gc_auto);
+		strvec_push(&argv_gc_auto, "--quiet");
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&argv_gc_auto);
 	return status;
 }
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index ef3071a..8b9bfae 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 
 /**
  * The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@
 	 * Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
 	 * caller, but it should survive until `finish_command` completes. If the
 	 * .argv member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the .args
-	 * `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
+	 * `strvec` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
 	 * one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
 	 * `finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
 	 *
 	 */
 	const char **argv;
 
-	struct argv_array args;
-	struct argv_array env_array;
+	struct strvec args;
+	struct strvec env_array;
 	pid_t pid;
 
 	int trace2_child_id;
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 	 *   variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
 	 *
 	 * If the .env member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the
-	 * .env_array `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
+	 * .env_array `strvec` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
 	 * The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
 	 * `finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
 	 */
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
 	void *clean_on_exit_handler_cbdata;
 };
 
-#define CHILD_PROCESS_INIT { NULL, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT }
+#define CHILD_PROCESS_INIT { NULL, STRVEC_INIT, STRVEC_INIT }
 
 /**
  * The functions: child_process_init, start_command, finish_command,
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
index d671ab5..632f158 100644
--- a/send-pack.c
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -68,20 +68,20 @@
 	int i;
 	int rc;
 
-	argv_array_push(&po.args, "pack-objects");
-	argv_array_push(&po.args, "--all-progress-implied");
-	argv_array_push(&po.args, "--revs");
-	argv_array_push(&po.args, "--stdout");
+	strvec_push(&po.args, "pack-objects");
+	strvec_push(&po.args, "--all-progress-implied");
+	strvec_push(&po.args, "--revs");
+	strvec_push(&po.args, "--stdout");
 	if (args->use_thin_pack)
-		argv_array_push(&po.args, "--thin");
+		strvec_push(&po.args, "--thin");
 	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
-		argv_array_push(&po.args, "--delta-base-offset");
+		strvec_push(&po.args, "--delta-base-offset");
 	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
-		argv_array_push(&po.args, "-q");
+		strvec_push(&po.args, "-q");
 	if (args->progress)
-		argv_array_push(&po.args, "--progress");
+		strvec_push(&po.args, "--progress");
 	if (is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
-		argv_array_push(&po.args, "--shallow");
+		strvec_push(&po.args, "--shallow");
 	po.in = -1;
 	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
 	po.git_cmd = 1;
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index fd7701c..d7db076 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "merge-recursive.h"
 #include "refs.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "trailer.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
 	subject_len = find_commit_subject(out->message, &subject);
 
 	out->subject = xmemdupz(subject, subject_len);
-	out->label = xstrfmt("%s... %s", abbrev, out->subject);
+	out->label = xstrfmt("%s (%s)", abbrev, out->subject);
 	out->parent_label = xstrfmt("parent of %s", out->label);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -381,7 +381,8 @@
 		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
 		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
 		 */
-		unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r));
+		refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "", "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD",
+				NULL, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -830,10 +831,10 @@
 
 /*
  * Read a GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL AND GIT_AUTHOR_DATE from a
- * file with shell quoting into struct argv_array. Returns -1 on
+ * file with shell quoting into struct strvec. Returns -1 on
  * error, 0 otherwise.
  */
-static int read_env_script(struct argv_array *env)
+static int read_env_script(struct strvec *env)
 {
 	char *name, *email, *date;
 
@@ -841,9 +842,9 @@
 			       &name, &email, &date, 0))
 		return -1;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=%s", name);
-	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=%s", email);
-	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=%s", date);
+	strvec_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=%s", name);
+	strvec_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=%s", email);
+	strvec_pushf(env, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE=%s", date);
 	free(name);
 	free(email);
 	free(date);
@@ -929,34 +930,34 @@
 			     gpg_opt, gpg_opt);
 	}
 
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "commit");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "commit");
 
 	if (!(flags & VERIFY_MSG))
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-n");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-n");
 	if ((flags & AMEND_MSG))
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--amend");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--amend");
 	if (opts->gpg_sign)
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd.args, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-gpg-sign");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--no-gpg-sign");
 	if (defmsg)
-		argv_array_pushl(&cmd.args, "-F", defmsg, NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cmd.args, "-F", defmsg, NULL);
 	else if (!(flags & EDIT_MSG))
-		argv_array_pushl(&cmd.args, "-C", "HEAD", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cmd.args, "-C", "HEAD", NULL);
 	if ((flags & CLEANUP_MSG))
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--cleanup=strip");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--cleanup=strip");
 	if ((flags & EDIT_MSG))
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-e");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-e");
 	else if (!(flags & CLEANUP_MSG) &&
 		 !opts->signoff && !opts->record_origin &&
 		 !opts->explicit_cleanup)
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--cleanup=verbatim");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--cleanup=verbatim");
 
 	if ((flags & ALLOW_EMPTY))
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--allow-empty");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--allow-empty");
 
 	if (!(flags & EDIT_MSG))
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--allow-empty-message");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--allow-empty-message");
 
 	if (is_rebase_i(opts) && !(flags & EDIT_MSG))
 		return run_command_silent_on_success(&cmd);
@@ -1455,7 +1456,8 @@
 				    author, opts, flags, &oid);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		if (!res) {
-			unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r));
+			refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "",
+					"CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", NULL, 0);
 			unlink(git_path_merge_msg(r));
 			if (!is_rebase_i(opts))
 				print_commit_summary(r, NULL, &oid,
@@ -1966,7 +1968,8 @@
 		flags |= ALLOW_EMPTY;
 	} else if (allow == 2) {
 		drop_commit = 1;
-		unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r));
+		refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "", "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD",
+				NULL, 0);
 		unlink(git_path_merge_msg(r));
 		fprintf(stderr,
 			_("dropping %s %s -- patch contents already upstream\n"),
@@ -2305,15 +2308,19 @@
 	struct replay_opts opts = REPLAY_OPTS_INIT;
 	int need_cleanup = 0;
 
-	if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r))) {
-		if (!unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r)) && verbose)
+	if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) {
+		if (!refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "",
+				     "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", NULL, 0) &&
+		    verbose)
 			warning(_("cancelling a cherry picking in progress"));
 		opts.action = REPLAY_PICK;
 		need_cleanup = 1;
 	}
 
-	if (file_exists(git_path_revert_head(r))) {
-		if (!unlink(git_path_revert_head(r)) && verbose)
+	if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD")) {
+		if (!refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "", "REVERT_HEAD",
+				     NULL, 0) &&
+		    verbose)
 			warning(_("cancelling a revert in progress"));
 		opts.action = REPLAY_REVERT;
 		need_cleanup = 1;
@@ -2671,8 +2678,9 @@
 	enum replay_action action;
 	const char *in_progress_error = NULL;
 	const char *in_progress_advice = NULL;
-	unsigned int advise_skip = file_exists(git_path_revert_head(r)) ||
-				file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r));
+	unsigned int advise_skip =
+		refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD") ||
+		refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD");
 
 	if (!sequencer_get_last_command(r, &action)) {
 		switch (action) {
@@ -2754,15 +2762,15 @@
 static int reset_merge(const struct object_id *oid)
 {
 	int ret;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&argv, "reset", "--merge", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&argv, "reset", "--merge", NULL);
 
 	if (!is_null_oid(oid))
-		argv_array_push(&argv, oid_to_hex(oid));
+		strvec_push(&argv, oid_to_hex(oid));
 
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(argv.v, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -2771,8 +2779,8 @@
 {
 	struct object_id head_oid;
 
-	if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r)) &&
-	    !file_exists(git_path_revert_head(r)))
+	if (!refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD") &&
+	    !refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD"))
 		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
 	if (read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, &head_oid, NULL))
 		return error(_("cannot resolve HEAD"));
@@ -2866,7 +2874,7 @@
 	 */
 	switch (opts->action) {
 	case REPLAY_REVERT:
-		if (!file_exists(git_path_revert_head(r))) {
+		if (!refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD")) {
 			if (action != REPLAY_REVERT)
 				return error(_("no revert in progress"));
 			if (!rollback_is_safe())
@@ -2874,7 +2882,8 @@
 		}
 		break;
 	case REPLAY_PICK:
-		if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r))) {
+		if (!refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r),
+				     "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) {
 			if (action != REPLAY_PICK)
 				return error(_("no cherry-pick in progress"));
 			if (!rollback_is_safe())
@@ -3125,17 +3134,17 @@
 
 static int do_exec(struct repository *r, const char *command_line)
 {
-	struct argv_array child_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec child_env = STRVEC_INIT;
 	const char *child_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
 	int dirty, status;
 
 	fprintf(stderr, _("Executing: %s\n"), command_line);
 	child_argv[0] = command_line;
-	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
-	argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s",
-			 absolute_path(get_git_work_tree()));
+	strvec_pushf(&child_env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
+	strvec_pushf(&child_env, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s",
+		     absolute_path(get_git_work_tree()));
 	status = run_command_v_opt_cd_env(child_argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL,
-					  child_env.argv);
+					  child_env.v);
 
 	/* force re-reading of the cache */
 	if (discard_index(r->index) < 0 || repo_read_index(r) < 0)
@@ -3165,7 +3174,7 @@
 		status = 1;
 	}
 
-	argv_array_clear(&child_env);
+	strvec_clear(&child_env);
 
 	return status;
 }
@@ -3544,32 +3553,33 @@
 		}
 
 		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "merge");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-s");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "merge");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-s");
 		if (!strategy)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "octopus");
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, "octopus");
 		else {
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, strategy);
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, strategy);
 			for (k = 0; k < opts->xopts_nr; k++)
-				argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args,
-						 "-X%s", opts->xopts[k]);
+				strvec_pushf(&cmd.args,
+					     "-X%s", opts->xopts[k]);
 		}
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-edit");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-ff");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-log");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-stat");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-F");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, git_path_merge_msg(r));
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--no-edit");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--no-ff");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--no-log");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "--no-stat");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, "-F");
+		strvec_push(&cmd.args, git_path_merge_msg(r));
 		if (opts->gpg_sign)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args, opts->gpg_sign);
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args, opts->gpg_sign);
 
 		/* Add the tips to be merged */
 		for (j = to_merge; j; j = j->next)
-			argv_array_push(&cmd.args,
-					oid_to_hex(&j->item->object.oid));
+			strvec_push(&cmd.args,
+				    oid_to_hex(&j->item->object.oid));
 
 		strbuf_release(&ref_name);
-		unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r));
+		refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "", "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD",
+				NULL, 0);
 		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 
 		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
@@ -3694,8 +3704,8 @@
 		struct child_process stash = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		struct object_id oid;
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&stash.args,
-				 "stash", "create", "autostash", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&stash.args,
+			     "stash", "create", "autostash", NULL);
 		stash.git_cmd = 1;
 		stash.no_stdin = 1;
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
@@ -3734,9 +3744,9 @@
 		child.git_cmd = 1;
 		child.no_stdout = 1;
 		child.no_stderr = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, "stash");
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, "apply");
-		argv_array_push(&child.args, stash_oid);
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "stash");
+		strvec_push(&child.args, "apply");
+		strvec_push(&child.args, stash_oid);
 		ret = run_command(&child);
 	}
 
@@ -3746,12 +3756,12 @@
 		struct child_process store = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 		store.git_cmd = 1;
-		argv_array_push(&store.args, "stash");
-		argv_array_push(&store.args, "store");
-		argv_array_push(&store.args, "-m");
-		argv_array_push(&store.args, "autostash");
-		argv_array_push(&store.args, "-q");
-		argv_array_push(&store.args, stash_oid);
+		strvec_push(&store.args, "stash");
+		strvec_push(&store.args, "store");
+		strvec_push(&store.args, "-m");
+		strvec_push(&store.args, "autostash");
+		strvec_push(&store.args, "-q");
+		strvec_push(&store.args, stash_oid);
 		if (run_command(&store))
 			ret = error(_("cannot store %s"), stash_oid);
 		else
@@ -3831,9 +3841,9 @@
 
 	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
 
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "checkout");
-	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, commit);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cmd.env_array, GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "=%s", action);
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, "checkout");
+	strvec_push(&cmd.args, commit);
+	strvec_pushf(&cmd.env_array, GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "=%s", action);
 
 	if (opts->verbose)
 		ret = run_command(&cmd);
@@ -4157,9 +4167,9 @@
 
 			child.in = open(rebase_path_rewritten_list(), O_RDONLY);
 			child.git_cmd = 1;
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "notes");
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "copy");
-			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--for-rewrite=rebase");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "notes");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "copy");
+			strvec_push(&child.args, "--for-rewrite=rebase");
 			/* we don't care if this copying failed */
 			run_command(&child);
 
@@ -4170,8 +4180,8 @@
 					O_RDONLY);
 				hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 				hook.trace2_hook_name = "post-rewrite";
-				argv_array_push(&hook.args, post_rewrite_hook);
-				argv_array_push(&hook.args, "rebase");
+				strvec_push(&hook.args, post_rewrite_hook);
+				strvec_push(&hook.args, "rebase");
 				/* we don't care if this hook failed */
 				run_command(&hook);
 			}
@@ -4201,8 +4211,8 @@
 {
 	const char *argv[] = { "commit", NULL };
 
-	if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r)) &&
-	    !file_exists(git_path_revert_head(r)))
+	if (!refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD") &&
+	    !refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD"))
 		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
 	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 }
@@ -4318,9 +4328,10 @@
 	}
 
 	if (is_clean) {
-		const char *cherry_pick_head = git_path_cherry_pick_head(r);
-
-		if (file_exists(cherry_pick_head) && unlink(cherry_pick_head))
+		if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r),
+				    "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD") &&
+		    refs_delete_ref(get_main_ref_store(r), "",
+				    "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", NULL, 0))
 			return error(_("could not remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
 		if (!final_fixup)
 			return 0;
@@ -4379,8 +4390,9 @@
 
 	if (!is_rebase_i(opts)) {
 		/* Verify that the conflict has been resolved */
-		if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r)) ||
-		    file_exists(git_path_revert_head(r))) {
+		if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r),
+				    "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD") ||
+		    refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD")) {
 			res = continue_single_pick(r);
 			if (res)
 				goto release_todo_list;
@@ -5178,13 +5190,14 @@
 		    struct string_list *commands, unsigned autosquash,
 		    struct todo_list *todo_list)
 {
-	const char *shortonto, *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
+	char shortonto[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
+	const char *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
 	struct todo_list new_todo = TODO_LIST_INIT;
 	struct strbuf *buf = &todo_list->buf, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct object_id oid = onto->object.oid;
 	int res;
 
-	shortonto = find_unique_abbrev(&oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+	find_unique_abbrev_r(shortonto, &oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 
 	if (buf->len == 0) {
 		struct todo_item *item = append_new_todo(todo_list);
@@ -5442,7 +5455,7 @@
 
 int sequencer_determine_whence(struct repository *r, enum commit_whence *whence)
 {
-	if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r))) {
+	if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) {
 		struct object_id cherry_pick_head, rebase_head;
 
 		if (file_exists(git_path_seq_dir()))
diff --git a/serve.c b/serve.c
index fbd2fcd..f634120 100644
--- a/serve.c
+++ b/serve.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "version.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "ls-refs.h"
 #include "serve.h"
 #include "upload-pack.h"
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 	 * This field should be NULL for capabilities which are not commands.
 	 */
 	int (*command)(struct repository *r,
-		       struct argv_array *keys,
+		       struct strvec *keys,
 		       struct packet_reader *request);
 };
 
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int has_capability(const struct argv_array *keys, const char *capability,
+int has_capability(const struct strvec *keys, const char *capability,
 		   const char **value)
 {
 	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < keys->argc; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < keys->nr; i++) {
 		const char *out;
-		if (skip_prefix(keys->argv[i], capability, &out) &&
+		if (skip_prefix(keys->v[i], capability, &out) &&
 		    (!*out || *out == '=')) {
 			if (value) {
 				if (*out == '=')
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_algorithm(struct repository *r, struct argv_array *keys)
+static void check_algorithm(struct repository *r, struct strvec *keys)
 {
 	int client = GIT_HASH_SHA1, server = hash_algo_by_ptr(r->hash_algo);
 	const char *algo_name;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
 {
 	enum request_state state = PROCESS_REQUEST_KEYS;
 	struct packet_reader reader;
-	struct argv_array keys = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec keys = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct protocol_capability *command = NULL;
 
 	packet_reader_init(&reader, 0, NULL, 0,
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
 			/* collect request; a sequence of keys and values */
 			if (is_command(reader.line, &command) ||
 			    is_valid_capability(reader.line))
-				argv_array_push(&keys, reader.line);
+				strvec_push(&keys, reader.line);
 			else
 				die("unknown capability '%s'", reader.line);
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
 			 * If no command and no keys were given then the client
 			 * wanted to terminate the connection.
 			 */
-			if (!keys.argc)
+			if (!keys.nr)
 				return 1;
 
 			/*
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
 
 	command->command(the_repository, &keys, &reader);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&keys);
+	strvec_clear(&keys);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/serve.h b/serve.h
index 42ddca7..fc2683e 100644
--- a/serve.h
+++ b/serve.h
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef SERVE_H
 #define SERVE_H
 
-struct argv_array;
-int has_capability(const struct argv_array *keys, const char *capability,
+struct strvec;
+int has_capability(const struct strvec *keys, const char *capability,
 		   const char **value);
 
 struct serve_options {
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 3a81307..c04cd25 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -447,6 +447,63 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+enum extension_result {
+	EXTENSION_ERROR = -1, /* compatible with error(), etc */
+	EXTENSION_UNKNOWN = 0,
+	EXTENSION_OK = 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * Do not add new extensions to this function. It handles extensions which are
+ * respected even in v0-format repositories for historical compatibility.
+ */
+static enum extension_result handle_extension_v0(const char *var,
+						 const char *value,
+						 const char *ext,
+						 struct repository_format *data)
+{
+		if (!strcmp(ext, "noop")) {
+			return EXTENSION_OK;
+		} else if (!strcmp(ext, "preciousobjects")) {
+			data->precious_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+			return EXTENSION_OK;
+		} else if (!strcmp(ext, "partialclone")) {
+			if (!value)
+				return config_error_nonbool(var);
+			data->partial_clone = xstrdup(value);
+			return EXTENSION_OK;
+		} else if (!strcmp(ext, "worktreeconfig")) {
+			data->worktree_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+			return EXTENSION_OK;
+		}
+
+		return EXTENSION_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Record any new extensions in this function.
+ */
+static enum extension_result handle_extension(const char *var,
+					      const char *value,
+					      const char *ext,
+					      struct repository_format *data)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(ext, "noop-v1")) {
+		return EXTENSION_OK;
+	} else if (!strcmp(ext, "objectformat")) {
+		int format;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		format = hash_algo_by_name(value);
+		if (format == GIT_HASH_UNKNOWN)
+			return error("invalid value for 'extensions.objectformat'");
+		data->hash_algo = format;
+		return EXTENSION_OK;
+	}
+	return EXTENSION_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
 static int check_repo_format(const char *var, const char *value, void *vdata)
 {
 	struct repository_format *data = vdata;
@@ -455,23 +512,25 @@
 	if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
 		data->version = git_config_int(var, value);
 	else if (skip_prefix(var, "extensions.", &ext)) {
-		/*
-		 * record any known extensions here; otherwise,
-		 * we fall through to recording it as unknown, and
-		 * check_repository_format will complain
-		 */
-		if (!strcmp(ext, "noop"))
-			;
-		else if (!strcmp(ext, "preciousobjects"))
-			data->precious_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		else if (!strcmp(ext, "partialclone")) {
-			if (!value)
-				return config_error_nonbool(var);
-			data->partial_clone = xstrdup(value);
-		} else if (!strcmp(ext, "worktreeconfig"))
-			data->worktree_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		else
+		switch (handle_extension_v0(var, value, ext, data)) {
+		case EXTENSION_ERROR:
+			return -1;
+		case EXTENSION_OK:
+			return 0;
+		case EXTENSION_UNKNOWN:
+			break;
+		}
+
+		switch (handle_extension(var, value, ext, data)) {
+		case EXTENSION_ERROR:
+			return -1;
+		case EXTENSION_OK:
+			string_list_append(&data->v1_only_extensions, ext);
+			return 0;
+		case EXTENSION_UNKNOWN:
 			string_list_append(&data->unknown_extensions, ext);
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return read_worktree_config(var, value, vdata);
@@ -510,6 +569,7 @@
 	set_repository_format_partial_clone(candidate->partial_clone);
 	repository_format_worktree_config = candidate->worktree_config;
 	string_list_clear(&candidate->unknown_extensions, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&candidate->v1_only_extensions, 0);
 
 	if (repository_format_worktree_config) {
 		/*
@@ -588,6 +648,7 @@
 void clear_repository_format(struct repository_format *format)
 {
 	string_list_clear(&format->unknown_extensions, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&format->v1_only_extensions, 0);
 	free(format->work_tree);
 	free(format->partial_clone);
 	init_repository_format(format);
@@ -613,6 +674,18 @@
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (format->version == 0 && format->v1_only_extensions.nr) {
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(err,
+			      _("repo version is 0, but v1-only extensions found:"));
+
+		for (i = 0; i < format->v1_only_extensions.nr; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(err, "\n\t%s",
+				    format->v1_only_extensions.items[i].string);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sha1-file.c b/sha1-file.c
index ccd34dd..dd65bd5 100644
--- a/sha1-file.c
+++ b/sha1-file.c
@@ -763,18 +763,18 @@
 	if (!git_config_get_value("core.alternateRefsCommand", &value)) {
 		cmd->use_shell = 1;
 
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args, value);
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args, repo_path);
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args, value);
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args, repo_path);
 	} else {
 		cmd->git_cmd = 1;
 
-		argv_array_pushf(&cmd->args, "--git-dir=%s", repo_path);
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args, "for-each-ref");
-		argv_array_push(&cmd->args, "--format=%(objectname)");
+		strvec_pushf(&cmd->args, "--git-dir=%s", repo_path);
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args, "for-each-ref");
+		strvec_push(&cmd->args, "--format=%(objectname)");
 
 		if (!git_config_get_value("core.alternateRefsPrefixes", &value)) {
-			argv_array_push(&cmd->args, "--");
-			argv_array_split(&cmd->args, value);
+			strvec_push(&cmd->args, "--");
+			strvec_split(&cmd->args, value);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1600,7 +1600,8 @@
 	struct cached_object *co;
 
 	hash_object_file(the_hash_algo, buf, len, type_name(type), oid);
-	if (has_object_file(oid) || find_cached_object(oid))
+	if (has_object_file_with_flags(oid, OBJECT_INFO_QUICK | OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT) ||
+	    find_cached_object(oid))
 		return 0;
 	ALLOC_GROW(cached_objects, cached_object_nr + 1, cached_object_alloc);
 	co = &cached_objects[cached_object_nr++];
@@ -1988,6 +1989,18 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int has_object(struct repository *r, const struct object_id *oid,
+	       unsigned flags)
+{
+	int quick = !(flags & HAS_OBJECT_RECHECK_PACKED);
+	unsigned object_info_flags = OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT |
+		(quick ? OBJECT_INFO_QUICK : 0);
+
+	if (!startup_info->have_repository)
+		return 0;
+	return oid_object_info_extended(r, oid, NULL, object_info_flags) >= 0;
+}
+
 int repo_has_object_file_with_flags(struct repository *r,
 				    const struct object_id *oid, int flags)
 {
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index b826de9..91b9e10 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@
  * supports a "valid" flag.
  */
 define_commit_slab(commit_depth, int *);
+static void free_depth_in_slab(int **ptr)
+{
+	FREE_AND_NULL(*ptr);
+}
 struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 		int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag)
 {
@@ -176,15 +180,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < depths.slab_count; i++) {
-		int j;
-
-		if (!depths.slab[i])
-			continue;
-		for (j = 0; j < depths.slab_size; j++)
-			free(depths.slab[i][j]);
-	}
-	clear_commit_depth(&depths);
+	deep_clear_commit_depth(&depths, free_depth_in_slab);
 
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
index ef85111..0a60662 100644
--- a/sideband.c
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 	switch (band) {
 	case 3:
 		if (die_on_error)
-			die("remote error: %s", buf + 1);
+			die(_("remote error: %s"), buf + 1);
 		strbuf_addf(scratch, "%s%s", scratch->len ? "\n" : "",
 			    DISPLAY_PREFIX);
 		maybe_colorize_sideband(scratch, buf + 1, len);
diff --git a/split-index.c b/split-index.c
index e6154e4..c0e8ad6 100644
--- a/split-index.c
+++ b/split-index.c
@@ -79,8 +79,10 @@
 	if (si->base &&
 		si->base->ce_mem_pool) {
 
-		if (!istate->ce_mem_pool)
-			mem_pool_init(&istate->ce_mem_pool, 0);
+		if (!istate->ce_mem_pool) {
+			istate->ce_mem_pool = xmalloc(sizeof(struct mem_pool));
+			mem_pool_init(istate->ce_mem_pool, 0);
+		}
 
 		mem_pool_combine(istate->ce_mem_pool, istate->split_index->base->ce_mem_pool);
 	}
diff --git a/strvec.c b/strvec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21dce0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/strvec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+const char *empty_strvec[] = { NULL };
+
+void strvec_init(struct strvec *array)
+{
+	array->v = empty_strvec;
+	array->nr = 0;
+	array->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+static void strvec_push_nodup(struct strvec *array, const char *value)
+{
+	if (array->v == empty_strvec)
+		array->v = NULL;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(array->v, array->nr + 2, array->alloc);
+	array->v[array->nr++] = value;
+	array->v[array->nr] = NULL;
+}
+
+const char *strvec_push(struct strvec *array, const char *value)
+{
+	strvec_push_nodup(array, xstrdup(value));
+	return array->v[array->nr - 1];
+}
+
+const char *strvec_pushf(struct strvec *array, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	struct strbuf v = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&v, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	strvec_push_nodup(array, strbuf_detach(&v, NULL));
+	return array->v[array->nr - 1];
+}
+
+void strvec_pushl(struct strvec *array, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	const char *arg;
+
+	va_start(ap, array);
+	while ((arg = va_arg(ap, const char *)))
+		strvec_push(array, arg);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void strvec_pushv(struct strvec *array, const char **items)
+{
+	for (; *items; items++)
+		strvec_push(array, *items);
+}
+
+void strvec_pop(struct strvec *array)
+{
+	if (!array->nr)
+		return;
+	free((char *)array->v[array->nr - 1]);
+	array->v[array->nr - 1] = NULL;
+	array->nr--;
+}
+
+void strvec_split(struct strvec *array, const char *to_split)
+{
+	while (isspace(*to_split))
+		to_split++;
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *p = to_split;
+
+		if (!*p)
+			break;
+
+		while (*p && !isspace(*p))
+			p++;
+		strvec_push_nodup(array, xstrndup(to_split, p - to_split));
+
+		while (isspace(*p))
+			p++;
+		to_split = p;
+	}
+}
+
+void strvec_clear(struct strvec *array)
+{
+	if (array->v != empty_strvec) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
+			free((char *)array->v[i]);
+		free(array->v);
+	}
+	strvec_init(array);
+}
+
+const char **strvec_detach(struct strvec *array)
+{
+	if (array->v == empty_strvec)
+		return xcalloc(1, sizeof(const char *));
+	else {
+		const char **ret = array->v;
+		strvec_init(array);
+		return ret;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/strvec.h b/strvec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdcad75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/strvec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#ifndef STRVEC_H
+#define STRVEC_H
+
+/**
+ * The strvec API allows one to dynamically build and store
+ * NULL-terminated arrays of strings. A strvec maintains the invariant that the
+ * `items` member always points to a non-NULL array, and that the array is
+ * always NULL-terminated at the element pointed to by `items[nr]`. This
+ * makes the result suitable for passing to functions expecting to receive
+ * argv from main().
+ *
+ * The string-list API (documented in string-list.h) is similar, but cannot be
+ * used for these purposes; instead of storing a straight string pointer,
+ * it contains an item structure with a `util` field that is not compatible
+ * with the traditional argv interface.
+ *
+ * Each `strvec` manages its own memory. Any strings pushed into the
+ * array are duplicated, and all memory is freed by strvec_clear().
+ */
+
+extern const char *empty_strvec[];
+
+/**
+ * A single array. This should be initialized by assignment from
+ * `STRVEC_INIT`, or by calling `strvec_init`. The `items`
+ * member contains the actual array; the `nr` member contains the
+ * number of elements in the array, not including the terminating
+ * NULL.
+ */
+struct strvec {
+	const char **v;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+#define STRVEC_INIT { empty_strvec, 0, 0 }
+
+/**
+ * Initialize an array. This is no different than assigning from
+ * `STRVEC_INIT`.
+ */
+void strvec_init(struct strvec *);
+
+/* Push a copy of a string onto the end of the array. */
+const char *strvec_push(struct strvec *, const char *);
+
+/**
+ * Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a
+ * convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `strvec_push`.
+ */
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
+const char *strvec_pushf(struct strvec *, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+/**
+ * Push a list of strings onto the end of the array. The arguments
+ * should be a list of `const char *` strings, terminated by a NULL
+ * argument.
+ */
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+void strvec_pushl(struct strvec *, ...);
+
+/* Push a null-terminated array of strings onto the end of the array. */
+void strvec_pushv(struct strvec *, const char **);
+
+/**
+ * Remove the final element from the array. If there are no
+ * elements in the array, do nothing.
+ */
+void strvec_pop(struct strvec *);
+
+/* Splits by whitespace; does not handle quoted arguments! */
+void strvec_split(struct strvec *, const char *);
+
+/**
+ * Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
+ * initial, empty state.
+ */
+void strvec_clear(struct strvec *);
+
+/**
+ * Disconnect the `items` member from the `strvec` struct and
+ * return it. The caller is responsible for freeing the memory used
+ * by the array, and by the strings it references. After detaching,
+ * the `strvec` is in a reinitialized state and can be pushed
+ * into again.
+ */
+const char **strvec_detach(struct strvec *);
+
+#endif /* STRVEC_H */
diff --git a/sub-process.c b/sub-process.c
index 1b1af9d..dfa790d 100644
--- a/sub-process.c
+++ b/sub-process.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 	process = &entry->process;
 
 	child_process_init(process);
-	argv_array_push(&process->args, cmd);
+	strvec_push(&process->args, cmd);
 	process->use_shell = 1;
 	process->in = -1;
 	process->out = -1;
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index e2ef569..d0b70ca 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "oid-array.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "quote.h"
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
 		char *key;
 
 		key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.ignore", submodule->name);
-		if (repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, key, &ignore))
+		if (repo_config_get_string_tmp(the_repository, key, &ignore))
 			ignore = submodule->ignore;
 		free(key);
 
@@ -262,17 +262,17 @@
 	sl = repo_config_get_value_multi(repo, "submodule.active");
 	if (sl) {
 		struct pathspec ps;
-		struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 		const struct string_list_item *item;
 
 		for_each_string_list_item(item, sl) {
-			argv_array_push(&args, item->string);
+			strvec_push(&args, item->string);
 		}
 
-		parse_pathspec(&ps, 0, 0, NULL, args.argv);
+		parse_pathspec(&ps, 0, 0, NULL, args.v);
 		ret = match_pathspec(repo->index, &ps, path, strlen(path), 0, NULL, 1);
 
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 		clear_pathspec(&ps);
 		return ret;
 	}
@@ -481,27 +481,27 @@
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static void prepare_submodule_repo_env_no_git_dir(struct argv_array *out)
+static void prepare_submodule_repo_env_no_git_dir(struct strvec *out)
 {
 	const char * const *var;
 
 	for (var = local_repo_env; *var; var++) {
 		if (strcmp(*var, CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT))
-			argv_array_push(out, *var);
+			strvec_push(out, *var);
 	}
 }
 
-void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct argv_array *out)
+void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct strvec *out)
 {
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env_no_git_dir(out);
-	argv_array_pushf(out, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
-			 DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	strvec_pushf(out, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+		     DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 }
 
-static void prepare_submodule_repo_env_in_gitdir(struct argv_array *out)
+static void prepare_submodule_repo_env_in_gitdir(struct strvec *out)
 {
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env_no_git_dir(out);
-	argv_array_pushf(out, "%s=.", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	strvec_pushf(out, "%s=.", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -681,22 +681,22 @@
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 
 	/* TODO: other options may need to be passed here. */
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "diff", "--submodule=diff", NULL);
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--color=%s", want_color(o->use_color) ?
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "diff", "--submodule=diff", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--color=%s", want_color(o->use_color) ?
 			 "always" : "never");
 
 	if (o->flags.reverse_diff) {
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--src-prefix=%s%s/",
-				 o->b_prefix, path);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--dst-prefix=%s%s/",
-				 o->a_prefix, path);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--src-prefix=%s%s/",
+			     o->b_prefix, path);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--dst-prefix=%s%s/",
+			     o->a_prefix, path);
 	} else {
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--src-prefix=%s%s/",
-				 o->a_prefix, path);
-		argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--dst-prefix=%s%s/",
-				 o->b_prefix, path);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--src-prefix=%s%s/",
+			     o->a_prefix, path);
+		strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--dst-prefix=%s%s/",
+			     o->b_prefix, path);
 	}
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(old_oid));
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(old_oid));
 	/*
 	 * If the submodule has modified content, we will diff against the
 	 * work tree, under the assumption that the user has asked for the
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@
 	 * haven't yet been committed to the submodule yet.
 	 */
 	if (!(dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED))
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(new_oid));
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(new_oid));
 
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 	if (start_command(&cp))
@@ -836,13 +836,13 @@
  */
 static void collect_changed_submodules(struct repository *r,
 				       struct string_list *changed,
-				       struct argv_array *argv)
+				       struct strvec *argv)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	const struct commit *commit;
 
 	repo_init_revisions(r, &rev, NULL);
-	setup_revisions(argv->argc, argv->argv, &rev, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(argv->nr, argv->v, &rev, NULL);
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
@@ -879,8 +879,8 @@
 
 static int append_oid_to_argv(const struct object_id *oid, void *data)
 {
-	struct argv_array *argv = data;
-	argv_array_push(argv, oid_to_hex(oid));
+	struct strvec *argv = data;
+	strvec_push(argv, oid_to_hex(oid));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -941,9 +941,9 @@
 		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "rev-list", "-n", "1", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "rev-list", "-n", "1", NULL);
 		oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, append_oid_to_argv, &cp.args);
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--not", "--all", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--not", "--all", NULL);
 
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -982,9 +982,9 @@
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int needs_pushing = 0;
 
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "rev-list");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "rev-list");
 		oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, append_oid_to_argv, &cp.args);
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--not", "--remotes", "-n", "1" , NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--not", "--remotes", "-n", "1" , NULL);
 
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -1012,13 +1012,13 @@
 {
 	struct string_list submodules = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct string_list_item *name;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 
-	/* argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "find_unpushed_submodules");
+	/* argv.v[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
+	strvec_push(&argv, "find_unpushed_submodules");
 	oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, append_oid_to_argv, &argv);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "--not");
-	argv_array_pushf(&argv, "--remotes=%s", remotes_name);
+	strvec_push(&argv, "--not");
+	strvec_pushf(&argv, "--remotes=%s", remotes_name);
 
 	collect_changed_submodules(r, &submodules, &argv);
 
@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@
 	}
 
 	free_submodules_oids(&submodules);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 
 	return needs_pushing->nr;
 }
@@ -1054,22 +1054,22 @@
 {
 	if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
 		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "push");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "push");
 		if (dry_run)
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--dry-run");
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, "--dry-run");
 
 		if (push_options && push_options->nr) {
 			const struct string_list_item *item;
 			for_each_string_list_item(item, push_options)
-				argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--push-option=%s",
-						 item->string);
+				strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--push-option=%s",
+					     item->string);
 		}
 
 		if (remote->origin != REMOTE_UNCONFIGURED) {
 			int i;
-			argv_array_push(&cp.args, remote->name);
+			strvec_push(&cp.args, remote->name);
 			for (i = 0; i < rs->raw_nr; i++)
-				argv_array_push(&cp.args, rs->raw[i]);
+				strvec_push(&cp.args, rs->raw[i]);
 		}
 
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
@@ -1095,13 +1095,13 @@
 	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int i;
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "submodule--helper");
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, "push-check");
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, head);
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, remote->name);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "submodule--helper");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, "push-check");
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, head);
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, remote->name);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < rs->raw_nr; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, rs->raw[i]);
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, rs->raw[i]);
 
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -1189,17 +1189,17 @@
 static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(struct repository *r,
 		struct string_list *changed_submodule_names)
 {
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct string_list_item *name;
 
 	/* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
 	if (!submodule_from_path(r, NULL, NULL))
 		return;
 
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "--"); /* argv[0] program name */
+	strvec_push(&argv, "--"); /* argv[0] program name */
 	oid_array_for_each_unique(&ref_tips_after_fetch,
 				   append_oid_to_argv, &argv);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, "--not");
+	strvec_push(&argv, "--not");
 	oid_array_for_each_unique(&ref_tips_before_fetch,
 				   append_oid_to_argv, &argv);
 
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@
 
 	string_list_remove_empty_items(changed_submodule_names, 1);
 
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	strvec_clear(&argv);
 	oid_array_clear(&ref_tips_before_fetch);
 	oid_array_clear(&ref_tips_after_fetch);
 	initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 0;
@@ -1242,24 +1242,24 @@
 			       struct object_id *incl_oid)
 {
 	struct string_list subs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
 	/* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
 	if (!submodule_from_path(r, NULL, NULL))
 		return 0;
 
-	argv_array_push(&args, "--"); /* args[0] program name */
-	argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(incl_oid));
+	strvec_push(&args, "--"); /* args[0] program name */
+	strvec_push(&args, oid_to_hex(incl_oid));
 	if (!is_null_oid(excl_oid)) {
-		argv_array_push(&args, "--not");
-		argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(excl_oid));
+		strvec_push(&args, "--not");
+		strvec_push(&args, oid_to_hex(excl_oid));
 	}
 
 	collect_changed_submodules(r, &subs, &args);
 	ret = subs.nr;
 
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 
 	free_submodules_oids(&subs);
 	return ret;
@@ -1267,7 +1267,7 @@
 
 struct submodule_parallel_fetch {
 	int count;
-	struct argv_array args;
+	struct strvec args;
 	struct repository *r;
 	const char *prefix;
 	int command_line_option;
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@
 
 	struct strbuf submodules_with_errors;
 };
-#define SPF_INIT {0, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, \
+#define SPF_INIT {0, STRVEC_INIT, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, \
 		  STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, \
 		  NULL, 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT}
 
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@
 
 		int fetch_recurse = submodule->fetch_recurse;
 		key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.fetchRecurseSubmodules", submodule->name);
-		if (!repo_config_get_string_const(spf->r, key, &value)) {
+		if (!repo_config_get_string_tmp(spf->r, key, &value)) {
 			fetch_recurse = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(key, value);
 		}
 		free(key);
@@ -1452,15 +1452,15 @@
 			if (!spf->quiet)
 				strbuf_addf(err, _("Fetching submodule %s%s\n"),
 					    spf->prefix, ce->name);
-			argv_array_init(&cp->args);
-			argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, spf->args.argv);
-			argv_array_push(&cp->args, default_argv);
-			argv_array_push(&cp->args, "--submodule-prefix");
+			strvec_init(&cp->args);
+			strvec_pushv(&cp->args, spf->args.v);
+			strvec_push(&cp->args, default_argv);
+			strvec_push(&cp->args, "--submodule-prefix");
 
 			strbuf_addf(&submodule_prefix, "%s%s/",
 						       spf->prefix,
 						       task->sub->path);
-			argv_array_push(&cp->args, submodule_prefix.buf);
+			strvec_push(&cp->args, submodule_prefix.buf);
 
 			spf->count++;
 			*task_cb = task;
@@ -1500,14 +1500,14 @@
 		cp->git_cmd = 1;
 		cp->dir = task->repo->gitdir;
 
-		argv_array_init(&cp->args);
-		argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, spf->args.argv);
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "on-demand");
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "--submodule-prefix");
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, submodule_prefix.buf);
+		strvec_init(&cp->args);
+		strvec_pushv(&cp->args, spf->args.v);
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "on-demand");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "--submodule-prefix");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, submodule_prefix.buf);
 
 		/* NEEDSWORK: have get_default_remote from submodule--helper */
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "origin");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "origin");
 		oid_array_for_each_unique(task->commits,
 					  append_oid_to_argv, &cp->args);
 
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@
 }
 
 int fetch_populated_submodules(struct repository *r,
-			       const struct argv_array *options,
+			       const struct strvec *options,
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
 			       int default_option,
 			       int quiet, int max_parallel_jobs)
@@ -1618,10 +1618,10 @@
 	if (repo_read_index(r) < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	argv_array_push(&spf.args, "fetch");
-	for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&spf.args, options->argv[i]);
-	argv_array_push(&spf.args, "--recurse-submodules-default");
+	strvec_push(&spf.args, "fetch");
+	for (i = 0; i < options->nr; i++)
+		strvec_push(&spf.args, options->v[i]);
+	strvec_push(&spf.args, "--recurse-submodules-default");
 	/* default value, "--submodule-prefix" and its value are added later */
 
 	calculate_changed_submodule_paths(r, &spf.changed_submodule_names);
@@ -1638,7 +1638,7 @@
 			spf.submodules_with_errors.buf);
 
 
-	argv_array_clear(&spf.args);
+	strvec_clear(&spf.args);
 out:
 	free_submodules_oids(&spf.changed_submodule_names);
 	return spf.result;
@@ -1666,9 +1666,9 @@
 	}
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "status", "--porcelain=2", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "status", "--porcelain=2", NULL);
 	if (ignore_untracked)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-uno");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "-uno");
 
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -1779,16 +1779,16 @@
 	if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
 		return 1;
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "status", "--porcelain",
-				   "--ignore-submodules=none", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "status", "--porcelain",
+		     "--ignore-submodules=none", NULL);
 
 	if (flags & SUBMODULE_REMOVAL_IGNORE_UNTRACKED)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-uno");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "-uno");
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-uall");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "-uall");
 
 	if (!(flags & SUBMODULE_REMOVAL_IGNORE_IGNORED_UNTRACKED))
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--ignored");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--ignored");
 
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -1846,8 +1846,8 @@
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-index", "--quiet",
-				   "--cached", "HEAD", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-index", "--quiet",
+		     "--cached", "HEAD", NULL);
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 	cp.no_stdout = 1;
 	cp.dir = sub->path;
@@ -1866,11 +1866,11 @@
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 	cp.dir = path;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
-				   get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path);
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "read-tree", "-u", "--reset", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
+		     get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "read-tree", "-u", "--reset", NULL);
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, empty_tree_oid_hex());
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, empty_tree_oid_hex());
 
 	if (run_command(&cp))
 		die(_("could not reset submodule index"));
@@ -1947,24 +1947,24 @@
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
 	cp.dir = path;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
-			get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path);
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "read-tree", "--recurse-submodules", NULL);
+	strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
+		     get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "read-tree", "--recurse-submodules", NULL);
 
 	if (flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_DRY_RUN)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-n");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "-n");
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-u");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "-u");
 
 	if (flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_FORCE)
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--reset");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "--reset");
 	else
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-m");
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, "-m");
 
 	if (!(flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_FORCE))
-		argv_array_push(&cp.args, old_head ? old_head : empty_tree_oid_hex());
+		strvec_push(&cp.args, old_head ? old_head : empty_tree_oid_hex());
 
-	argv_array_push(&cp.args, new_head ? new_head : empty_tree_oid_hex());
+	strvec_push(&cp.args, new_head ? new_head : empty_tree_oid_hex());
 
 	if (run_command(&cp)) {
 		ret = error(_("Submodule '%s' could not be updated."), path);
@@ -1980,8 +1980,8 @@
 			cp.dir = path;
 
 			prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
-			argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "update-ref", "HEAD",
-					 "--no-deref", new_head, NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "update-ref", "HEAD",
+				     "--no-deref", new_head, NULL);
 
 			if (run_command(&cp)) {
 				ret = -1;
@@ -2157,9 +2157,9 @@
 		cp.dir = path;
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
 		cp.no_stdin = 1;
-		argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--super-prefix", sb.buf,
-					   "submodule--helper",
-					   "absorb-git-dirs", NULL);
+		strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--super-prefix", sb.buf,
+			     "submodule--helper",
+			     "absorb-git-dirs", NULL);
 		prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
 		if (run_command(&cp))
 			die(_("could not recurse into submodule '%s'"), path);
@@ -2194,11 +2194,11 @@
 	strbuf_release(&one_up);
 
 	prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
-	argv_array_pop(&cp.env_array);
+	strvec_pop(&cp.env_array);
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--literal-pathspecs", "-C", "..",
-			"ls-files", "-z", "--stage", "--full-name", "--",
-			subpath, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args, "--literal-pathspecs", "-C", "..",
+		     "ls-files", "-z", "--stage", "--full-name", "--",
+		     subpath, NULL);
 	strbuf_reset(&sb);
 
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 4dad649..9ce85c0 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef SUBMODULE_H
 #define SUBMODULE_H
 
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 struct cache_entry;
 struct diff_options;
 struct index_state;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 const struct submodule *submodule_from_ce(const struct cache_entry *ce);
 void check_for_new_submodule_commits(struct object_id *oid);
 int fetch_populated_submodules(struct repository *r,
-			       const struct argv_array *options,
+			       const struct strvec *options,
 			       const char *prefix,
 			       int command_line_option,
 			       int default_option,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
  * a submodule by clearing any repo-specific environment variables, but
  * retaining any config in the environment.
  */
-void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct argv_array *out);
+void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct strvec *out);
 
 #define ABSORB_GITDIR_RECURSE_SUBMODULES (1<<0)
 void absorb_git_dir_into_superproject(const char *path,
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 70ec61c..2adaf7c 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -421,6 +421,10 @@
 the default when running tests), errors out when an abbreviated option
 is used.
 
+GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH=<hash-algo> specifies which hash algorithm to
+use in the test scripts. Recognized values for <hash-algo> are "sha1"
+and "sha256".
+
 Naming Tests
 ------------
 
diff --git a/t/helper/test-bloom.c b/t/helper/test-bloom.c
index f0aa80b..5e77d56 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-bloom.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-bloom.c
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
 
 int cmd__bloom(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
+	setup_git_directory();
+
 	if (argc < 2)
 		usage(bloom_usage);
 
diff --git a/t/helper/test-config.c b/t/helper/test-config.c
index 234c722..a6e9367 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-config.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-config.c
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 			goto exit1;
 		}
 	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_string")) {
-		if (!git_config_get_string_const(argv[2], &v)) {
+		if (!git_config_get_string_tmp(argv[2], &v)) {
 			printf("%s\n", v);
 			goto exit0;
 		} else {
diff --git a/t/helper/test-read-midx.c b/t/helper/test-read-midx.c
index 831b586..2430880 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-read-midx.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-read-midx.c
@@ -7,14 +7,18 @@
 static int read_midx_file(const char *object_dir)
 {
 	uint32_t i;
-	struct multi_pack_index *m = load_multi_pack_index(object_dir, 1);
+	struct multi_pack_index *m;
+
+	setup_git_directory();
+	m = load_multi_pack_index(object_dir, 1);
 
 	if (!m)
 		return 1;
 
-	printf("header: %08x %d %d %d\n",
+	printf("header: %08x %d %d %d %d\n",
 	       m->signature,
 	       m->version,
+	       m->hash_len,
 	       m->num_chunks,
 	       m->num_packs);
 
diff --git a/t/helper/test-run-command.c b/t/helper/test-run-command.c
index 1646aa2..7ae03dc 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-run-command.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-run-command.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 	if (number_callbacks >= 4)
 		return 0;
 
-	argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, d->argv);
+	strvec_pushv(&cp->args, d->argv);
 	strbuf_addstr(err, "preloaded output of a child\n");
 	number_callbacks++;
 	return 1;
@@ -72,19 +72,19 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	test = suite->tests.items[suite->next++].string;
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp->args, "sh", test, NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp->args, "sh", test, NULL);
 	if (suite->quiet)
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "--quiet");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "--quiet");
 	if (suite->immediate)
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "-i");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "-i");
 	if (suite->verbose)
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "-v");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "-v");
 	if (suite->verbose_log)
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "-V");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "-V");
 	if (suite->trace)
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "-x");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "-x");
 	if (suite->write_junit_xml)
-		argv_array_push(&cp->args, "--write-junit-xml");
+		strvec_push(&cp->args, "--write-junit-xml");
 
 	strbuf_addf(err, "Output of '%s':\n", test);
 	*task_cb = (void *)test;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
 	char special[] = ".?*\\^_\"'`{}()[]<>@~&+:;$%"; // \t\r\n\a";
 	int i, j, k, trials = 100, skip = 0, msys2 = 0;
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strvec args = STRVEC_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER('n', "trials", &trials, "Number of trials"),
 		OPT_INTEGER('s', "skip", &skip, "Skip <n> trials"),
@@ -241,20 +241,20 @@
 		size_t arg_count, arg_offset;
 		int ret = 0;
 
-		argv_array_clear(&args);
+		strvec_clear(&args);
 		if (msys2)
-			argv_array_pushl(&args, "sh", "-c",
-					 "printf %s\\\\0 \"$@\"", "skip", NULL);
+			strvec_pushl(&args, "sh", "-c",
+				     "printf %s\\\\0 \"$@\"", "skip", NULL);
 		else
-			argv_array_pushl(&args, "test-tool", "run-command",
-					 "quote-echo", NULL);
-		arg_offset = args.argc;
+			strvec_pushl(&args, "test-tool", "run-command",
+				     "quote-echo", NULL);
+		arg_offset = args.nr;
 
 		if (argc > 0) {
 			trials = 1;
 			arg_count = argc;
 			for (j = 0; j < arg_count; j++)
-				argv_array_push(&args, argv[j]);
+				strvec_push(&args, argv[j]);
 		} else {
 			arg_count = 1 + (my_random() % 5);
 			for (j = 0; j < arg_count; j++) {
@@ -268,20 +268,20 @@
 						ARRAY_SIZE(special)];
 				buf[arg_len] = '\0';
 
-				argv_array_push(&args, buf);
+				strvec_push(&args, buf);
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (i < skip)
 			continue;
 
-		cp.argv = args.argv;
+		cp.argv = args.v;
 		strbuf_reset(&out);
 		if (pipe_command(&cp, NULL, 0, &out, 0, NULL, 0) < 0)
 			return error("Failed to spawn child process");
 
 		for (j = 0, k = 0; j < arg_count; j++) {
-			const char *arg = args.argv[j + arg_offset];
+			const char *arg = args.v[j + arg_offset];
 
 			if (strcmp(arg, out.buf + k))
 				ret = error("incorrectly quoted arg: '%s', "
@@ -298,10 +298,10 @@
 			fprintf(stderr, "Trial #%d failed. Arguments:\n", i);
 			for (j = 0; j < arg_count; j++)
 				fprintf(stderr, "arg #%d: '%s'\n",
-					(int)j, args.argv[j + arg_offset]);
+					(int)j, args.v[j + arg_offset]);
 
 			strbuf_release(&out);
-			argv_array_clear(&args);
+			strvec_clear(&args);
 
 			return ret;
 		}
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&out);
-	argv_array_clear(&args);
+	strvec_clear(&args);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@
 	xsnprintf(path, sizeof(path), "out-XXXXXX");
 	tmp = xmkstemp(path);
 
-	argv_array_pushl(&cp.args,
-			 "test-tool", argv0, "inherited-handle-child", NULL);
+	strvec_pushl(&cp.args,
+		     "test-tool", argv0, "inherited-handle-child", NULL);
 	cp.in = -1;
 	cp.no_stdout = cp.no_stderr = 1;
 	if (start_command(&cp) < 0)
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
 	while (!strcmp(argv[1], "env")) {
 		if (!argv[2])
 			die("env specifier without a value");
-		argv_array_push(&proc.env_array, argv[2]);
+		strvec_push(&proc.env_array, argv[2]);
 		argv += 2;
 		argc -= 2;
 	}
diff --git a/t/helper/test-trace2.c b/t/helper/test-trace2.c
index 197819c..823f33c 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-trace2.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-trace2.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "test-tool.h"
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "exec-cmd.h"
 #include "config.h"
diff --git a/t/lib-pack.sh b/t/lib-pack.sh
index f346317..bb8938c 100644
--- a/t/lib-pack.sh
+++ b/t/lib-pack.sh
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@
 # have hardcoded some well-known objects. See the case statements below for the
 # complete list.
 pack_obj () {
-	test_oid_init
-
 	case "$1" in
 	# empty blob
 	$EMPTY_BLOB)
@@ -93,6 +91,14 @@
 			;;
 		esac
 		;;
+	# blob containing "\3\326"
+	471819e8c52bf11513f100b2810a8aa0622d5cd3d1c913758a071dd4b3bad8fe)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\276\006\000\000\336\000\332'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
 	esac
 
 	# If it's not a delta, we can convince pack-objects to generate a pack
@@ -113,7 +119,6 @@
 
 # Compute and append pack trailer to "$1"
 pack_trailer () {
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test-tool $(test_oid algo) -b <"$1" >trailer.tmp &&
 	cat trailer.tmp >>"$1" &&
 	rm -f trailer.tmp
diff --git a/t/lib-submodule-update.sh b/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
index 07c822c..87a7591 100644
--- a/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
@@ -196,7 +196,6 @@
 # the submodule repo if it doesn't exist and configures the most problematic
 # settings for diff.ignoreSubmodules.
 prolog () {
-	test_oid_init &&
 	(test -d submodule_update_repo || create_lib_submodule_repo) &&
 	test_config_global diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
 	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules all
diff --git a/t/lib-t6000.sh b/t/lib-t6000.sh
index b0ed476..fba6778 100644
--- a/t/lib-t6000.sh
+++ b/t/lib-t6000.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 : included from 6002 and others
 
-mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
-
 >sed.script
 
 # Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist under refs/tags
@@ -26,7 +24,8 @@
 	_tag=$1
 	test -n "$_tag" || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
 	shift 1
-	"$@" >".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
+
+	git update-ref "refs/tags/$_tag" $("$@")
 
 	echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" >sed.script.tmp
 	cat sed.script >>sed.script.tmp
diff --git a/t/perf/README b/t/perf/README
index c7b70e2..bd649af 100644
--- a/t/perf/README
+++ b/t/perf/README
@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@
 	probably be about linux.git size for optimal results.
 	Both default to the git.git you are running from.
 
+    GIT_PERF_EXTRA
+	Boolean to enable additional tests. Most test scripts are
+	written to detect regressions between two versions of Git, and
+	the output will compare timings for individual tests between
+	those versions. Some scripts have additional tests which are not
+	run by default, that show patterns within a single version of
+	Git (e.g., performance of index-pack as the number of threads
+	changes). These can be enabled with GIT_PERF_EXTRA.
+
 You can also pass the options taken by ordinary git tests; the most
 useful one is:
 
diff --git a/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
index a9b3e11..228593d 100755
--- a/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -13,35 +13,36 @@
 	export PACK
 '
 
-test_perf 'index-pack 0 threads' '
+# Rather than counting up and doubling each time, count down from the endpoint,
+# halving each time. That ensures that our final test uses as many threads as
+# CPUs, even if it isn't a power of 2.
+test_expect_success 'set up thread-counting tests' '
+	t=$(test-tool online-cpus) &&
+	threads= &&
+	while test $t -gt 0
+	do
+		threads="$t $threads"
+		t=$((t / 2))
+	done
+'
+
+test_perf PERF_EXTRA 'index-pack 0 threads' '
 	rm -rf repo.git &&
 	git init --bare repo.git &&
 	GIT_DIR=repo.git git index-pack --threads=1 --stdin < $PACK
 '
 
-test_perf 'index-pack 1 thread ' '
-	rm -rf repo.git &&
-	git init --bare repo.git &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_FORCE_THREADS=1 git index-pack --threads=1 --stdin < $PACK
-'
-
-test_perf 'index-pack 2 threads' '
-	rm -rf repo.git &&
-	git init --bare repo.git &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git git index-pack --threads=2 --stdin < $PACK
-'
-
-test_perf 'index-pack 4 threads' '
-	rm -rf repo.git &&
-	git init --bare repo.git &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git git index-pack --threads=4 --stdin < $PACK
-'
-
-test_perf 'index-pack 8 threads' '
-	rm -rf repo.git &&
-	git init --bare repo.git &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git git index-pack --threads=8 --stdin < $PACK
-'
+for t in $threads
+do
+	THREADS=$t
+	export THREADS
+	test_perf PERF_EXTRA "index-pack $t threads" '
+		rm -rf repo.git &&
+		git init --bare repo.git &&
+		GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_FORCE_THREADS=1 \
+		git index-pack --threads=$THREADS --stdin <$PACK
+	'
+done
 
 test_perf 'index-pack default number of threads' '
 	rm -rf repo.git &&
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index 13e3893..821581a 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -245,3 +245,5 @@
 test_export () {
 	export "$@"
 }
+
+test_lazy_prereq PERF_EXTRA 'test_bool_env GIT_PERF_EXTRA false'
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index 2ff176c..923281a 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -891,10 +891,6 @@
 	test_path_is_missing also-clean-atexit
 "
 
-test_expect_success 'test_oid setup' '
-	test_oid_init
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'test_oid provides sane info by default' '
 	test_oid zero >actual &&
 	grep "^00*\$" actual &&
@@ -928,6 +924,17 @@
 	test "$hexsz" -eq 64
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test_oid can look up data for a specified algorithm' '
+	rawsz="$(test_oid --hash=sha1 rawsz)" &&
+	hexsz="$(test_oid --hash=sha1 hexsz)" &&
+	test "$rawsz" -eq 20 &&
+	test "$hexsz" -eq 40 &&
+	rawsz="$(test_oid --hash=sha256 rawsz)" &&
+	hexsz="$(test_oid --hash=sha256 hexsz)" &&
+	test "$rawsz" -eq 32 &&
+	test "$hexsz" -eq 64
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'test_bool_env' '
 	(
 		sane_unset envvar &&
@@ -1271,4 +1278,22 @@
 	test $len = 4098
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test_must_fail on a failing git command' '
+	test_must_fail git notacommand
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test_must_fail on a failing git command with env' '
+	test_must_fail env var1=a var2=b git notacommand
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test_must_fail rejects a non-git command' '
+	! test_must_fail grep ^$ notafile 2>err &&
+	grep -F "test_must_fail: only '"'"'git'"'"' is allowed" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test_must_fail rejects a non-git command with env' '
+	! test_must_fail env var1=a var2=b grep ^$ notafile 2>err &&
+	grep -F "test_must_fail: only '"'"'git'"'"' is allowed" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index 6d24679..50222a1 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -316,6 +316,19 @@
 	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'explicit bare & --separate-git-dir incompatible' '
+	test_must_fail git init --bare --separate-git-dir goop.git bare.git 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "mutually exclusive" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'implicit bare & --separate-git-dir incompatible' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bare.git" &&
+	mkdir -p bare.git &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=. \
+		git -C bare.git init --separate-git-dir goop.git 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "incompatible" err
+'
+
 test_lazy_prereq GETCWD_IGNORES_PERMS '
 	base=GETCWD_TEST_BASE_DIR &&
 	mkdir -p $base/dir &&
@@ -441,6 +454,39 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'init honors GIT_DEFAULT_HASH' '
+	GIT_DEFAULT_HASH=sha1 git init sha1 &&
+	git -C sha1 rev-parse --show-object-format >actual &&
+	echo sha1 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	GIT_DEFAULT_HASH=sha256 git init sha256 &&
+	git -C sha256 rev-parse --show-object-format >actual &&
+	echo sha256 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init honors --object-format' '
+	git init --object-format=sha1 explicit-sha1 &&
+	git -C explicit-sha1 rev-parse --show-object-format >actual &&
+	echo sha1 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git init --object-format=sha256 explicit-sha256 &&
+	git -C explicit-sha256 rev-parse --show-object-format >actual &&
+	echo sha256 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'extensions.objectFormat is not allowed with repo version 0' '
+	git init --object-format=sha256 explicit-v0 &&
+	git -C explicit-v0 config core.repositoryformatversion 0 &&
+	test_must_fail git -C explicit-v0 rev-parse --show-object-format
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init rejects attempts to initialize with different hash' '
+	test_must_fail git -C sha1 init --object-format=sha256 &&
+	test_must_fail git -C sha256 init --object-format=sha1
+'
+
 test_expect_success MINGW 'core.hidedotfiles = false' '
 	git config --global core.hidedotfiles false &&
 	rm -rf newdir &&
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index f8178ee..14cafc1 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     --no-ambiguous        negative ambiguity
 
 Standard options
-    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display object names
     -v, --verbose         be verbose
     -n, --dry-run         dry run
     -q, --quiet           be quiet
diff --git a/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh b/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh
index 6aa0f31..a5ebdf9 100755
--- a/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t0410-partial-clone.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 	test_cmp_config -C client 1 core.repositoryformatversion
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'convert to partial clone with noop extension' '
+test_expect_success SHA1 'convert to partial clone with noop extension' '
 	rm -fr server client &&
 	test_create_repo server &&
 	test_commit -C server my_commit 1 &&
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 	git -C client fetch --unshallow --filter="blob:none"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'converting to partial clone fails with unrecognized extension' '
+test_expect_success SHA1 'converting to partial clone fails with unrecognized extension' '
 	rm -fr server client &&
 	test_create_repo server &&
 	test_commit -C server my_commit 1 &&
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
index 43c4be1..2f501d2 100755
--- a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -140,8 +140,6 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_oid_init
-
 tree_sha1=$(git write-tree)
 tree_size=$(($(test_oid rawsz) + 13))
 tree_pretty_content="100644 blob $hello_sha1	hello"
diff --git a/t/t1050-large.sh b/t/t1050-large.sh
index 6a56d1c..61e89a8 100755
--- a/t/t1050-large.sh
+++ b/t/t1050-large.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	# clone does not allow us to pass core.bigfilethreshold to
 	# new repos, so set core.bigfilethreshold globally
 	git config --global core.bigfilethreshold 200k &&
diff --git a/t/t1091-sparse-checkout-builtin.sh b/t/t1091-sparse-checkout-builtin.sh
index 7cd45fc..84acfc4 100755
--- a/t/t1091-sparse-checkout-builtin.sh
+++ b/t/t1091-sparse-checkout-builtin.sh
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@
 	git clone repo unmerged &&
 
 	cat >input <<-EOF &&
-	0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000	folder1/a
+	0 $ZERO_OID	folder1/a
 	100644 $(git -C unmerged rev-parse HEAD:folder1/a) 1	folder1/a
 	EOF
 	git -C unmerged update-index --index-info <input &&
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
 	echo dirty >tweak/deep/deeper2/a &&
 
 	cat >input <<-EOF &&
-	0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000	folder1/a
+	0 $ZERO_OID	folder1/a
 	100644 $(git -C tweak rev-parse HEAD:folder1/a) 1	folder1/a
 	EOF
 	git -C tweak update-index --index-info <input &&
diff --git a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
index d60c042..0acabb6 100755
--- a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
+++ b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
 allow 1 noop
 abort 1 no-such-extension
 allow 0 no-such-extension
+allow 0 noop
+abort 0 noop-v1
+allow 1 noop-v1
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'precious-objects allowed' '
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index 27171f8..770e7be 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@
 	git reflog exists $outside
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'core.logAllRefUpdates=always creates no reflog for ORIG_HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'core.logAllRefUpdates=always creates reflog for ORIG_HEAD' '
 	test_config core.logAllRefUpdates always &&
 	git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $A &&
-	test_must_fail git reflog exists ORIG_HEAD
+	git reflog exists ORIG_HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-create-reflog overrides core.logAllRefUpdates=always' '
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@
 test_expect_success "update $m (logged by config)" '
 	test_config core.logAllRefUpdates true &&
 	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:33" \
-	git update-ref HEAD'" $B $A "'-m "Switch" &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $B $A -m "Switch" &&
 	test $B = $(git show-ref -s --verify $m)
 '
 test_expect_success "set $m (logged by config)" '
@@ -475,57 +475,57 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'given old value for missing pseudoref, do not create' '
 	test_must_fail git update-ref PSEUDOREF $A $B 2>err &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/PSEUDOREF &&
-	test_i18ngrep "could not read ref" err
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse PSEUDOREF &&
+	test_i18ngrep "unable to resolve reference" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create pseudoref' '
 	git update-ref PSEUDOREF $A &&
-	test $A = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF)
+	test $A = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'overwrite pseudoref with no old value given' '
 	git update-ref PSEUDOREF $B &&
-	test $B = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF)
+	test $B = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'overwrite pseudoref with correct old value' '
 	git update-ref PSEUDOREF $C $B &&
-	test $C = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF)
+	test $C = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not overwrite pseudoref with wrong old value' '
 	test_must_fail git update-ref PSEUDOREF $D $E 2>err &&
-	test $C = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF) &&
-	test_i18ngrep "unexpected object ID" err
+	test $C = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "cannot lock ref.*expected" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'delete pseudoref' '
 	git update-ref -d PSEUDOREF &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/PSEUDOREF
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse PSEUDOREF
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not delete pseudoref with wrong old value' '
 	git update-ref PSEUDOREF $A &&
 	test_must_fail git update-ref -d PSEUDOREF $B 2>err &&
-	test $A = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF) &&
-	test_i18ngrep "unexpected object ID" err
+	test $A = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "cannot lock ref.*expected" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'delete pseudoref with correct old value' '
 	git update-ref -d PSEUDOREF $A &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/PSEUDOREF
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse PSEUDOREF
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create pseudoref with old OID zero' '
 	git update-ref PSEUDOREF $A $Z &&
-	test $A = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF)
+	test $A = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not overwrite pseudoref with old OID zero' '
 	test_when_finished git update-ref -d PSEUDOREF &&
 	test_must_fail git update-ref PSEUDOREF $B $Z 2>err &&
-	test $A = $(cat .git/PSEUDOREF) &&
+	test $A = $(git rev-parse PSEUDOREF) &&
 	test_i18ngrep "already exists" err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t1405-main-ref-store.sh b/t/t1405-main-ref-store.sh
index 331899d..74af927 100755
--- a/t/t1405-main-ref-store.sh
+++ b/t/t1405-main-ref-store.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 test_expect_success 'delete_refs(FOO, refs/tags/new-tag)' '
 	git rev-parse FOO -- &&
 	git rev-parse refs/tags/new-tag -- &&
-	$RUN delete-refs 0 nothing FOO refs/tags/new-tag &&
+	m=$(git rev-parse master) &&
+	REF_NO_DEREF=1 &&
+	$RUN delete-refs $REF_NO_DEREF nothing FOO refs/tags/new-tag &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name FOO &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse FOO -- &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/tags/new-tag --
 '
diff --git a/t/t1410-reflog.sh b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
index 76d9b74..730a43d 100755
--- a/t/t1410-reflog.sh
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	mkdir -p A/B &&
 	echo rat >C &&
 	echo ox >A/D &&
diff --git a/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh b/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh
index da58d86..f6e741c 100755
--- a/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh
+++ b/t/t1416-ref-transaction-hooks.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir -p .git/hooks &&
 	test_commit PRE &&
+	PRE_OID=$(git rev-parse PRE) &&
 	test_commit POST &&
 	POST_OID=$(git rev-parse POST)
 '
@@ -106,4 +107,30 @@
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'interleaving hook calls succeed' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -r target-repo.git" &&
+
+	git init --bare target-repo.git &&
+
+	write_script target-repo.git/hooks/reference-transaction <<-\EOF &&
+		echo $0 "$@" >>actual
+	EOF
+
+	write_script target-repo.git/hooks/update <<-\EOF &&
+		echo $0 "$@" >>actual
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		hooks/update refs/tags/PRE $ZERO_OID $PRE_OID
+		hooks/reference-transaction prepared
+		hooks/reference-transaction committed
+		hooks/update refs/tags/POST $ZERO_OID $POST_OID
+		hooks/reference-transaction prepared
+		hooks/reference-transaction committed
+	EOF
+
+	git push ./target-repo.git PRE POST &&
+	test_cmp expect target-repo.git/actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 344a2aa..b17f5c2 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	git config gc.auto 0 &&
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
 	test_commit A fileA one &&
@@ -714,7 +713,7 @@
 	# at least one of which is not zero, so setting the first byte to 0 is
 	# sufficient.)
 	chmod a+w .git/objects/pack/pack-$pack.pack &&
-	printf '\0' | dd of=.git/objects/pack/pack-$pack.pack bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=12 &&
+	printf "\0" | dd of=.git/objects/pack/pack-$pack.pack bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=12 &&
 
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack/pack-$pack.*" &&
 	remove_object $hsh &&
diff --git a/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh b/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
index 603019b..408b97d 100755
--- a/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
+++ b/t/t1500-rev-parse.sh
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@
 ROOT=$(pwd)
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	mkdir -p sub/dir work &&
 	cp -R .git repo.git
 '
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index f213aa8..dfc0d96 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 	git branch -t new my-side@{u} &&
 	git merge -s ours new@{u} &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	echo "Merge remote-tracking branch ${SQ}origin/side${SQ} into master" >expect &&
+	echo "Merge remote-tracking branch ${SQ}origin/side${SQ}" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 )
 '
diff --git a/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh b/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
index ffdfb16..740ce56 100755
--- a/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
+++ b/t/t3000-ls-files-others.sh
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --o --directory with glob filetype match' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -o --directory with glob filetype match' '
 	(
 		cd nested &&
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --o --directory with mix of tracked states' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -o --directory with mix of tracked states' '
 	(
 		cd nested &&
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --o --directory with glob filetype match only' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -o --directory with glob filetype match only' '
 	(
 		cd nested &&
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --o --directory to get immediate paths under one dir only' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -o --directory to get immediate paths under one dir only' '
 	(
 		cd nested &&
 
@@ -212,4 +212,20 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -o avoids listing untracked non-matching gitdir' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf nested/untracked/deep/empty" &&
+	(
+		cd nested &&
+
+		git init untracked/deep/empty &&
+		git ls-files --others "untracked/*.c" >actual &&
+
+		cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		untracked/deep/foo.c
+		EOF
+
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh b/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
index 3b4753e..94c1b02 100755
--- a/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
+++ b/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 path_has_fanout() {
 	path=$1 &&
 	fanout=$2 &&
-	after_last_slash=$((40 - $fanout * 2)) &&
+	after_last_slash=$(($(test_oid hexsz) - $fanout * 2)) &&
 	echo $path | grep -q "^\([0-9a-f]\{2\}/\)\{$fanout\}[0-9a-f]\{$after_last_slash\}$"
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh b/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
index 790e292..d69c84c 100755
--- a/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t3308-notes-merge.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 	# Copy notes to remote-notes
 	git fetch . refs/notes/*:refs/remote-notes/origin/* &&
 
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
 	hash4a sha1:5e93d24084d32e1cb61f7070505b9d2530cca987
 	hash3a sha1:8366731eeee53787d2bdf8fc1eff7d94757e8da0
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 4a7d21f..07a1617 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 	D
 	=======
 	G
-	>>>>>>> $commit... G
+	>>>>>>> $commit (G)
 	EOF
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@
 	test_expect_code 1 grep  "	emp" error
 '
 
-test_expect_success SHA1 'short SHA-1 setup' '
+test_expect_success 'short commit ID setup' '
 	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	git checkout --orphan collide &&
 	git rm -rf . &&
@@ -1262,23 +1262,54 @@
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success SHA1 'short SHA-1 collide' '
+if test -n "$GIT_TEST_FIND_COLLIDER"
+then
+	author="$(unset test_tick; test_tick; git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT)"
+	committer="$(unset test_tick; test_tick; git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT)"
+	blob="$(git rev-parse collide2:collide)"
+	from="$(git rev-parse collide1^0)"
+	repl="commit refs/heads/collider-&\\n"
+	repl="${repl}author $author\\ncommitter $committer\\n"
+	repl="${repl}data <<EOF\\ncollide2 &\\nEOF\\n"
+	repl="${repl}from $from\\nM 100644 $blob collide\\n"
+	test_seq 1 32768 | sed "s|.*|$repl|" >script &&
+	git fast-import <script &&
+	git pack-refs &&
+	git for-each-ref >refs &&
+	grep "^$(test_oid t3404_collision)" <refs >matches &&
+	cat matches &&
+	test_line_count -gt 2 matches || {
+		echo "Could not find a collider" >&2
+		exit 1
+	}
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'short commit ID collide' '
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF &&
+	# collision-related constants
+	t3404_collision	sha1:6bcd
+	t3404_collision	sha256:0161
+	t3404_collider	sha1:ac4f2ee
+	t3404_collider	sha256:16697
+	EOF
 	test_when_finished "reset_rebase && git checkout master" &&
 	git checkout collide &&
-	colliding_sha1=6bcda37 &&
-	test $colliding_sha1 = "$(git rev-parse HEAD | cut -c 1-7)" &&
+	colliding_id=$(test_oid t3404_collision) &&
+	hexsz=$(test_oid hexsz) &&
+	test $colliding_id = "$(git rev-parse HEAD | cut -c 1-4)" &&
+	test_config core.abbrev 4 &&
 	(
 		unset test_tick &&
 		test_tick &&
 		set_fake_editor &&
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="collide2 ac4f2ee" \
+		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="collide2 $(test_oid t3404_collider)" \
 		FAKE_LINES="reword 1 break 2" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
-		test $colliding_sha1 = "$(git rev-parse HEAD | cut -c 1-7)" &&
-		grep "^pick $colliding_sha1 " \
+		test $colliding_id = "$(git rev-parse HEAD | cut -c 1-4)" &&
+		grep "^pick $colliding_id " \
 			.git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo.tmp &&
-		grep "^pick [0-9a-f]\{40\}" \
+		grep "^pick [0-9a-f]\{$hexsz\}" \
 			.git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo &&
-		grep "^pick [0-9a-f]\{40\}" \
+		grep "^pick [0-9a-f]\{$hexsz\}" \
 			.git/rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo.backup &&
 		git rebase --continue
 	) &&
@@ -1760,6 +1791,12 @@
 	test_i18ngrep "middle of a rebase -- cannot amend." err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'todo has correct onto hash' '
+	GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR=cat git rebase -i no-conflict-branch~4 no-conflict-branch >actual &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~4) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^# Rebase ..* onto $onto" actual
+'
+
 # This must be the last test in this file
 test_expect_success '$EDITOR and friends are unchanged' '
 	test_editor_unchanged
diff --git a/t/t3432-rebase-fast-forward.sh b/t/t3432-rebase-fast-forward.sh
index 6f0452c..a29eda8 100755
--- a/t/t3432-rebase-fast-forward.sh
+++ b/t/t3432-rebase-fast-forward.sh
@@ -60,15 +60,16 @@
 		fi &&
 		oldhead=\$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 		test_when_finished 'git reset --hard \$oldhead' &&
-		cp .git/logs/HEAD expect &&
+		git reflog HEAD >expect &&
 		git rebase$flag $* >stdout &&
+		git reflog HEAD >actual &&
 		if test $what = work
 		then
 			old=\$(wc -l <expect) &&
-			test_line_count '-gt' \$old .git/logs/HEAD
+			test_line_count '-gt' \$old actual
 		elif test $what = noop
 		then
-			test_cmp expect .git/logs/HEAD
+			test_cmp expect actual
 		fi &&
 		newhead=\$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 		if test $cmp = same
diff --git a/t/t3500-cherry.sh b/t/t3500-cherry.sh
index f038f34..2b8d9cb 100755
--- a/t/t3500-cherry.sh
+++ b/t/t3500-cherry.sh
@@ -55,4 +55,27 @@
      expr "$(echo $(git cherry master my-topic-branch) )" : "+ [^ ]* - .*"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry ignores whitespace' '
+	git switch --orphan=upstream-with-space &&
+	test_commit initial file &&
+	>expect &&
+	git switch --create=feature-without-space &&
+
+	# A spaceless file on the feature branch.  Expect a match upstream.
+	printf space >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m"file without space" &&
+	git log --format="- %H" -1 >>expect &&
+
+	# A further change.  Should not match upstream.
+	test_commit change file &&
+	git log --format="+ %H" -1 >>expect &&
+
+	git switch upstream-with-space &&
+	# Same as the spaceless file, just with spaces and on upstream.
+	test_commit "file with space" file "s p a c e" file-with-space &&
+	git cherry upstream-with-space feature-without-space >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
index 7c1da21..3669dfb 100755
--- a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage:" msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'revert --nonsense' '
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git revert --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage:" msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick after renaming branch' '
diff --git a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
index 752bc43..a21adcf 100755
--- a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
+++ b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
@@ -283,12 +283,12 @@
 	a
 	=======
 	c
-	>>>>>>> objid picked
+	>>>>>>> objid (picked)
 	EOF
 
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
 
-	sed "s/[a-f0-9]*\.\.\./objid/" foo >actual &&
+	sed "s/[a-f0-9]* (/objid (/" foo >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -298,16 +298,16 @@
 	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
 	<<<<<<< HEAD
 	a
-	||||||| parent of objid picked
+	||||||| parent of objid (picked)
 	b
 	=======
 	c
-	>>>>>>> objid picked
+	>>>>>>> objid (picked)
 	EOF
 
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
 
-	sed "s/[a-f0-9]*\.\.\./objid/" foo >actual &&
+	sed "s/[a-f0-9]* (/objid (/" foo >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
 	a
 	=======
 	b
-	>>>>>>> parent of objid picked
+	>>>>>>> parent of objid (picked)
 	EOF
 	{
 		git checkout picked -- foo &&
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
 	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh -q &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_cmp expected-stages actual-stages &&
-	sed "s/[a-f0-9]*\.\.\./objid/" foo >actual &&
+	sed "s/[a-f0-9]* (/objid (/" foo >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -429,16 +429,16 @@
 	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
 	<<<<<<< HEAD
 	a
-	||||||| objid picked
+	||||||| objid (picked)
 	c
 	=======
 	b
-	>>>>>>> parent of objid picked
+	>>>>>>> parent of objid (picked)
 	EOF
 
 	test_must_fail git revert picked &&
 
-	sed "s/[a-f0-9]*\.\.\./objid/" foo >actual &&
+	sed "s/[a-f0-9]* (/objid (/" foo >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
 	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
 	# Conflicts:
 	EOF
-	grep -e "^# Conflicts:" -e '^Signed-off-by' .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	grep -e "^# Conflicts:" -e "^Signed-off-by" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
 	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
 	Conflicts:
 	EOF
-	grep -e "^Conflicts:" -e '^Signed-off-by' .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	grep -e "^Conflicts:" -e "^Signed-off-by" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index f2c0168..efec8d1 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -241,7 +241,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'choking "git rm" should not let it die with cruft' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	git reset -q --hard &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/index.lock && git reset -q --hard" &&
 	i=0 &&
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 49decba..fb73a84 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,16 @@
 # indicates a dumb terminal, so we set that variable, too.
 
 force_color () {
-	env GIT_PAGER_IN_USE=true TERM=vt100 "$@"
+	# The first element of $@ may be a shell function, as a result POSIX
+	# does not guarantee that "one-shot assignment" will not persist after
+	# the function call. Thus, we prevent these variables from escaping
+	# this function's context with this subshell.
+	(
+		GIT_PAGER_IN_USE=true &&
+		TERM=vt100 &&
+		export GIT_PAGER_IN_USE TERM &&
+		"$@"
+	)
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
@@ -604,7 +613,7 @@
 	echo content >test &&
 	test_config interactive.diffFilter "sed 1d" &&
 	printf y >y &&
-	test_must_fail force_color git add -p <y
+	force_color test_must_fail git add -p <y
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff.algorithm is passed to `git diff-files`' '
diff --git a/t/t3800-mktag.sh b/t/t3800-mktag.sh
index 64dcc5e..d696aa4 100755
--- a/t/t3800-mktag.sh
+++ b/t/t3800-mktag.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 # first create a commit, so we have a valid object/type
 # for the tag.
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	echo Hello >A &&
 	git update-index --add A &&
 	git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
diff --git a/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh b/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
index cbcdd10..6a9f010 100755
--- a/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t4002-diff-basic.sh
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-read-tree-m-3way.sh
 
-test_oid_init
-
 test_oid_cache <<\EOF
 aa_1 sha1:ccba72ad3888a3520b39efcf780b9ee64167535d
 aa_1 sha256:9febfbf18197819b2735c45291f138525d2476d59470f98239647544586ba403
diff --git a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
index f542d29..d18a804 100755
--- a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
+++ b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 	git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo $tree &&
-	sed -e 's/HOWEVER/However/' <COPYING >COPYING.1 &&
-	sed -e 's/GPL/G.P.L/g' <COPYING >COPYING.2 &&
+	sed -e "s/HOWEVER/However/" <COPYING >COPYING.1 &&
+	sed -e "s/GPL/G.P.L/g" <COPYING >COPYING.2 &&
 	origoid=$(git hash-object COPYING) &&
 	oid1=$(git hash-object COPYING.1) &&
 	oid2=$(git hash-object COPYING.2)
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
index e5ca359..65cc703 100755
--- a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -125,7 +125,9 @@
 test_expect_success 'diff-tree ignores trailing slash on submodule path' '
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod >expect &&
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod/ >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD -- submod/whatever >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff multiple wildcard pathspecs' '
diff --git a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
index 43267d6..5c7b012 100755
--- a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
+++ b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@
 
 : <<\EOF
 ! [initial] Initial
- * [master] Merge branch 'side' into master
+ * [master] Merge branch 'side'
   ! [rearrange] Rearranged lines in dir/sub
    ! [side] Side
 ----
   +  [rearrange] Rearranged lines in dir/sub
- -   [master] Merge branch 'side' into master
+ -   [master] Merge branch 'side'
  * + [side] Side
  *   [master^] Third
  *   [master~2] Second
@@ -130,27 +130,45 @@
 EOF
 
 process_diffs () {
-	_x04="[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]" &&
-	_x07="$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]" &&
-	sed -e "s/$OID_REGEX/$ZERO_OID/g" \
-	    -e "s/From $_x40 /From $ZERO_OID /" \
-	    -e "s/from $_x40)/from $ZERO_OID)/" \
-	    -e "s/commit $_x40\$/commit $ZERO_OID/" \
-	    -e "s/commit $_x40 (/commit $ZERO_OID (/" \
-	    -e "s/$_x40 $_x40 $_x40/$ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID/" \
-	    -e "s/$_x40 $_x40 /$ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID /" \
-	    -e "s/^$_x40 $_x40$/$ZERO_OID $ZERO_OID/" \
-	    -e "s/^$_x40 /$ZERO_OID /" \
-	    -e "s/^$_x40$/$ZERO_OID/" \
-	    -e "s/$_x07\.\.$_x07/fffffff..fffffff/g" \
-	    -e "s/$_x07,$_x07\.\.$_x07/fffffff,fffffff..fffffff/g" \
-	    -e "s/$_x07 $_x07 $_x07/fffffff fffffff fffffff/g" \
-	    -e "s/$_x07 $_x07 /fffffff fffffff /g" \
-	    -e "s/Merge: $_x07 $_x07/Merge: fffffff fffffff/g" \
-	    -e "s/$_x07\.\.\./fffffff.../g" \
-	    -e "s/ $_x04\.\.\./ ffff.../g" \
-	    -e "s/ $_x04/ ffff/g" \
-	    "$1"
+	perl -e '
+		my $oid_length = length($ARGV[0]);
+		my $x40 = "[0-9a-f]{40}";
+		my $xab = "[0-9a-f]{4,16}";
+		my $orx = "[0-9a-f]" x $oid_length;
+
+		sub munge_oid {
+			my ($oid) = @_;
+			my $x;
+
+			return "" unless length $oid;
+
+			if ($oid =~ /^(100644|100755|120000)$/) {
+				return $oid;
+			}
+
+			if ($oid =~ /^0*$/) {
+				$x = "0";
+			} else {
+				$x = "f";
+			}
+
+			if (length($oid) == 40) {
+				return $x x $oid_length;
+			} else {
+				return $x x length($oid);
+			}
+		}
+
+		while (<STDIN>) {
+			s/($orx)/munge_oid($1)/ge;
+			s/From ($x40)( |\))/"From " . munge_oid($1) . $2/ge;
+			s/commit ($x40)($| \(from )($x40?)/"commit " .  munge_oid($1) . $2 . munge_oid($3)/ge;
+			s/\b($x40)( |\.\.|$)/munge_oid($1) . $2/ge;
+			s/^($x40)($| )/munge_oid($1) . $2/e;
+			s/($xab)(\.\.|,| |\.\.\.|$)/munge_oid($1) . $2/ge;
+			print;
+		}
+	' "$ZERO_OID" <"$1"
 }
 
 V=$(git version | sed -e 's/^git version //' -e 's/\./\\./g')
@@ -221,6 +239,9 @@
 :noellipses diff-tree --root -r --abbrev=4 initial
 diff-tree -p initial
 diff-tree --root -p initial
+diff-tree --root -p --abbrev=10 initial
+diff-tree --root -p --full-index initial
+diff-tree --root -p --full-index --abbrev=10 initial
 diff-tree --patch-with-stat initial
 diff-tree --root --patch-with-stat initial
 diff-tree --patch-with-raw initial
@@ -297,6 +318,9 @@
 log --root -c --patch-with-stat --summary master
 # improved by Timo's patch
 log --root --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
+log --no-diff-merges -p --first-parent master
+log --diff-merges=off -p --first-parent master
+log --first-parent --diff-merges=off -p master
 log -p --first-parent master
 log -m -p --first-parent master
 log -m -p master
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--abbrev=10_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--abbrev=10_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7518a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--abbrev=10_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -p --abbrev=10 initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000..35d242ba79
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000..01e79c32a8
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000..01e79c32a8
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--full-index_--abbrev=10_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--full-index_--abbrev=10_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69f913f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--full-index_--abbrev=10_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -p --full-index --abbrev=10 initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35d242ba79ae89ac695e26b3d4c27a8e6f028f9e
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--full-index_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--full-index_initial
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b0b671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_-p_--full-index_initial
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+$ git diff-tree --root -p --full-index initial
+444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35d242ba79ae89ac695e26b3d4c27a8e6f028f9e
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
++A
++B
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file0
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01e79c32a8c99c557f0757da7cb6d65b3414466d
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file2
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++1
++2
++3
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
index c56783b..3f9b872 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate=full_--all
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a (refs/heads/side)
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
index 1cbdc03..f5e20e1 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a (side)
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--diff-merges=off_-p_--first-parent_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--diff-merges=off_-p_--first-parent_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..194e893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--diff-merges=off_-p_--first-parent_master
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+$ git log --diff-merges=off -p --first-parent master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--first-parent_--diff-merges=off_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--first-parent_--diff-merges=off_-p_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d7461a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--first-parent_--diff-merges=off_-p_master
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+$ git log --first-parent --diff-merges=off -p master
+commit 80e25ffa65bcdbe82ef654b4d06dbbde7945c37f
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--no-diff-merges_-p_--first-parent_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--no-diff-merges_-p_--first-parent_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5970022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--no-diff-merges_-p_--first-parent_master
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+$ git log --no-diff-merges -p --first-parent master
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
+Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 8422d40..cead32e 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ A
+ B
+ C
+ D
++E
++F
+diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+new file mode 100644
+index 0000000..b1e6722
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/file1
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++A
++B
++C
+
+commit 1bde4ae5f36c8d9abe3a0fce0c6aab3c4a12fe44
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Second
+    
+    This is the second commit.
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index 35d242b..8422d40 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+ A
+ B
++C
++D
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index 01e79c3..b414108 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+ 1
+ 2
+ 3
++4
++5
++6
+diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+deleted file mode 100644
+index 01e79c3..0000000
+--- a/file2
++++ /dev/null
+@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
+-1
+-2
+-3
+
+commit 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Initial
+$
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
index f5b1b65..a18f147 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
index af23803..ae425c4 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
index 814098f..d5207ca 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index b927fe4..0fc1e8c 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
  dir/sub | 2 ++
  file0   | 3 +++
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 6db3cea..dffc09d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
index 98e9c32..55aa980 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index b61b111..019d85f 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
  dir/sub | 2 ++
  file0   | 3 +++
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master
index 345bd9e..b42c334 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-p_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master
index db56b1f..e8f4615 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_--first-parent_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_--first-parent_master
index bcadb50..7a0073f 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_--first-parent_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_--first-parent_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index cead32e..992913c 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_master
index 2acf43a..9ca62a0 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-m_-p_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index cead32e..992913c 100644
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 7289e35..992913c 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_--first-parent_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_--first-parent_master
index c6a5876..28840eb 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_--first-parent_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_--first-parent_master
@@ -4,7 +4,29 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
+
+diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
+index cead32e..992913c 100644
+--- a/dir/sub
++++ b/dir/sub
+@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ C
+ D
+ E
+ F
++1
++2
+diff --git a/file0 b/file0
+index b414108..10a8a9f 100644
+--- a/file0
++++ b/file0
+@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@
+ 4
+ 5
+ 6
++A
++B
++C
 
 commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master
index 1841cde..bf1326d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-p_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_master
index f8ec445..a8f6ce5 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 commit c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--first-parent_master b/t/t4013/diff.show_--first-parent_master
index 94548f4..3dcbe47 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--first-parent_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--first-parent_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index cead32e..992913c 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_-c_master b/t/t4013/diff.show_-c_master
index 1c46ed6..81aba8d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_-c_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_-c_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --combined dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_-m_master b/t/t4013/diff.show_-m_master
index 7559fc2..4ea2ee4 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_-m_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_-m_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index cead32e..992913c 100644
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
 index 7289e35..992913c 100644
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_master b/t/t4013/diff.show_master
index 57091c5..fb08ce0 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
 index cead32e,7289e35..992913c
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 5f13a71..30aae78 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
  dir/sub | 2 ++
  file0   | 3 +++
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 8acb882..d1d32bd 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
-    Merge branch 'side' into master
+    Merge branch 'side'
 
  dir/sub | 2 ++
  file0   | 3 +++
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-block-data b/t/t4018/fortran-block-data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63d4e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-block-data
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+       BLOCK DATA RIGHT
+       
+       COMMON /B/ C, ChangeMe
+       DATA C, ChangeMe  / 2.0, 6.0 / 
+       END 
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-comment b/t/t4018/fortran-comment
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b10d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-comment
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+      module a
+
+      contains
+
+      ! subroutine wrong
+      subroutine RIGHT
+      ! subroutine wrong
+
+      real ChangeMe
+
+      end subroutine RIGHT
+
+      end module a
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-comment-keyword b/t/t4018/fortran-comment-keyword
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9206a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-comment-keyword
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+      module a
+
+      contains
+
+      subroutine RIGHT (funcA, funcB)
+
+      real funcA  ! grid function a
+      real funcB  ! grid function b
+
+      real ChangeMe
+
+      end subroutine RIGHT
+
+      end module a
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-comment-legacy b/t/t4018/fortran-comment-legacy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53cd062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-comment-legacy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+      module a
+
+      contains
+
+C subroutine wrong
+      subroutine RIGHT
+C subroutine wrong
+
+      real ChangeMe
+
+      end subroutine RIGHT
+
+      end module a
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-comment-legacy-star b/t/t4018/fortran-comment-legacy-star
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cbcdc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-comment-legacy-star
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+      module a
+
+      contains
+
+* subroutine wrong
+      subroutine RIGHT
+* subroutine wrong
+
+      real ChangeMe
+
+      end subroutine RIGHT
+
+      end module a
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-external-function b/t/t4018/fortran-external-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a2d85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-external-function
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+function RIGHT(a, b) result(c)
+
+integer, intent(in) :: ChangeMe
+integer, intent(in) :: b
+integer, intent(out) :: c
+
+c = a+b
+
+end function RIGHT
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-external-subroutine b/t/t4018/fortran-external-subroutine
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce85fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-external-subroutine
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+subroutine RIGHT
+
+real ChangeMe
+
+end subroutine RIGHT
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-module b/t/t4018/fortran-module
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4b737d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-module
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module RIGHT
+
+use ChangeMe
+
+end module RIGHT
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-module-procedure b/t/t4018/fortran-module-procedure
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ce6d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-module-procedure
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+ module RIGHT
+
+   implicit none
+   private
+
+   interface letters  ! generic interface
+      module procedure aaaa, &
+                       bbbb, &
+                       ChangeMe, &
+                       dddd
+   end interface
+   
+end module RIGHT
diff --git a/t/t4018/fortran-program b/t/t4018/fortran-program
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4616895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/fortran-program
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+program RIGHT
+
+call ChangeMe
+
+end program RIGHT
diff --git a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
index e29deaf..d7145cc 100755
--- a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test_tick &&
 	test_create_repo sub &&
 	(
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index fb145aa..0c8fb39 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--word-diff=porcelain' '
-	sed 's/#.*$//' >expect <<-EOF &&
+	sed "s/#.*$//" >expect <<-EOF &&
 		diff --git a/pre b/post
 		index $pre..$post 100644
 		--- a/pre
diff --git a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
index 32e3b0e..71ef413 100755
--- a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
+++ b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
@@ -3,80 +3,55 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
 #
 
-test_description='git apply boundary tests
+test_description='git apply boundary tests'
 
-'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 L="c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x"
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	for i in b '"$L"' y
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines b $L y >victim &&
 	cat victim >original &&
 	git update-index --add victim &&
 
 	# add to the head
-	for i in a b '"$L"' y
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines a b $L y >victim &&
 	cat victim >add-a-expect &&
 	git diff victim >add-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >add-a-patch.without &&
 
 	# insert at line two
-	for i in b a '"$L"' y
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines b a $L y >victim &&
 	cat victim >insert-a-expect &&
 	git diff victim >insert-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >insert-a-patch.without &&
 
 	# modify at the head
-	for i in a '"$L"' y
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines a $L y >victim &&
 	cat victim >mod-a-expect &&
 	git diff victim >mod-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >mod-a-patch.without &&
 
 	# remove from the head
-	for i in '"$L"' y
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines $L y >victim &&
 	cat victim >del-a-expect &&
 	git diff victim >del-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >del-a-patch.without &&
 
 	# add to the tail
-	for i in b '"$L"' y z
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines b $L y z >victim &&
 	cat victim >add-z-expect &&
 	git diff victim >add-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >add-z-patch.without &&
 
 	# modify at the tail
-	for i in b '"$L"' z
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines b $L z >victim &&
 	cat victim >mod-z-expect &&
 	git diff victim >mod-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >mod-z-patch.without &&
 
 	# remove from the tail
-	for i in b '"$L"'
-	do
-		echo $i
-	done >victim &&
+	test_write_lines b $L >victim &&
 	cat victim >del-z-expect &&
 	git diff victim >del-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >del-z-patch.without
@@ -88,15 +63,15 @@
 do
 	case "$with" in
 	with) u= ;;
-	without) u='--unidiff-zero ' ;;
+	without) u=--unidiff-zero ;;
 	esac
 	for kind in add-a add-z insert-a mod-a mod-z del-a del-z
 	do
 		test_expect_success "apply $kind-patch $with context" '
 			cat original >victim &&
 			git update-index victim &&
-			git apply --index '"$u$kind-patch.$with"' &&
-			test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
+			git apply --index $u "$kind-patch.$with" &&
+			test_cmp "$kind-expect" victim
 		'
 	done
 done
@@ -110,13 +85,12 @@
 	test_expect_success "apply non-git $kind-patch without context" '
 		cat original >victim &&
 		git update-index victim &&
-		git apply --unidiff-zero --index '"$kind-ng.without"' &&
-		test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
+		git apply --unidiff-zero --index "$kind-ng.without" &&
+		test_cmp "$kind-expect" victim
 	'
 done
 
 test_expect_success 'two lines' '
-
 	>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	echo aaa >file &&
@@ -125,11 +99,10 @@
 	echo bbb >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --check patch
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch with 3 context lines matching at end' '
-	{ echo a; echo b; echo c; echo d; } >file &&
+	test_write_lines a b c d >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	echo e >>file &&
 	git diff >patch &&
diff --git a/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh b/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh
index 99ed4cc..d1c16ba 100755
--- a/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t4134-apply-submodule.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	cat > create-sm.patch <<EOF &&
 diff --git a/dir/sm b/dir/sm
 new file mode 160000
diff --git a/t/t4140-apply-ita.sh b/t/t4140-apply-ita.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c614eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4140-apply-ita.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply of i-t-a file'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 >blueprint &&
+
+	cat blueprint >test-file &&
+	git add -N test-file &&
+	git diff >creation-patch &&
+	grep "new file mode 100644" creation-patch &&
+
+	rm -f test-file &&
+	git diff >deletion-patch &&
+	grep "deleted file mode 100644" deletion-patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply creation patch to ita path (--cached)' '
+	git rm -f test-file &&
+	cat blueprint >test-file &&
+	git add -N test-file &&
+
+	git apply --cached creation-patch &&
+	git cat-file blob :test-file >actual &&
+	test_cmp blueprint actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply creation patch to ita path (--index)' '
+	git rm -f test-file &&
+	cat blueprint >test-file &&
+	git add -N test-file &&
+	rm -f test-file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index creation-patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply deletion patch to ita path (--cached)' '
+	git rm -f test-file &&
+	cat blueprint >test-file &&
+	git add -N test-file &&
+
+	git apply --cached deletion-patch &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --stage --error-unmatch test-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply deletion patch to ita path (--index)' '
+	cat blueprint >test-file &&
+	git add -N test-file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index deletion-patch &&
+	git ls-files --stage --error-unmatch test-file
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index bda4586..1da8ab1 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@
 	Signed-off-by: J C H <j@c.h>
 	EOF
 	git commit -F msg &&
-	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >original &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >original &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@
 		cat original &&
 		echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
 	) >expect &&
-	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >actual &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	cat >msg <<-\EOF &&
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@
 	EOF
 	git reset HEAD^ &&
 	git commit -F msg file &&
-	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >original &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >original &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@
 		echo &&
 		echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
 	) >expect &&
-	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e '1,/^$/d' >actual &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -1133,4 +1133,20 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply binary blob in partial clone' '
+	printf "\\000" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
+	git commit -m "binary blob" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -m HEAD^ >patch &&
+
+	test_create_repo server &&
+	test_config -C server uploadpack.allowfilter 1 &&
+	test_config -C server uploadpack.allowanysha1inwant 1 &&
+	git clone --filter=blob:none "file://$(pwd)/server" client &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf client" &&
+
+	# Exercise to make sure that it works
+	git -C client am ../patch
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
index 831d424..b12b43e 100755
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	cat >a1 <<-\EOF &&
 	Some title
 	==========
@@ -364,7 +363,7 @@
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout version2 &&
 	fifth=$(git rev-parse fifth) &&
-	echo "$fifth		branch 'fifth' of ." |
+	echo "$fifth		branch fifth of ." |
 	git fmt-merge-msg >msg &&
 	ancestor=$(git merge-base version2 fifth) &&
 	test_must_fail git merge-recursive "$ancestor" -- HEAD fifth &&
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index fd9af65..a093059 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@
 '
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
-*   Merge branch 'side' into master
+*   Merge branch 'side'
 |\
 | * side-2
 | * side-1
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
 '
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
-| | | *   Merge branch 'side' into master
+| | | *   Merge branch 'side'
 | | | |\
 | | | | * side-2
 | | | | * side-1
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
 '
 
 cat > expect.colors <<\EOF
-*   Merge branch 'side' into master
+*   Merge branch 'side'
 <BLUE>|<RESET><CYAN>\<RESET>
 <BLUE>|<RESET> * side-2
 <BLUE>|<RESET> * side-1
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
 |\  Merge: A B
 | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 | |
-| |     Merge branch 'side' into master
+| |     Merge branch 'side'
 | |
 | * commit tags/side-2
 | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
@@ -632,11 +632,11 @@
 '
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
-*   Merge tag 'reach' into master
+*   Merge tag 'reach'
 |\
 | \
 |  \
-*-. \   Merge tags 'octopus-a' and 'octopus-b' into master
+*-. \   Merge tags 'octopus-a' and 'octopus-b'
 |\ \ \
 * | | | seventh
 | | * | octopus-b
@@ -646,14 +646,14 @@
 |/ /
 | * reach
 |/
-*   Merge branch 'tangle' into master
+*   Merge branch 'tangle'
 |\
 | *   Merge branch 'side' (early part) into tangle
 | |\
 | * \   Merge branch 'master' (early part) into tangle
 | |\ \
 | * | | tangle-a
-* | | |   Merge branch 'side' into master
+* | | |   Merge branch 'side'
 |\ \ \ \
 | * | | | side-2
 | | |_|/
@@ -735,16 +735,16 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs with glob' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh
 	octopus-b (octopus-b)
 	octopus-a (octopus-a)
 	reach
 	EOF
 	cat >expect.no-decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh
 	octopus-b
 	octopus-a
@@ -765,8 +765,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs without globs' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh
 	octopus-b
 	octopus-a
@@ -779,8 +779,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple decorate-refs' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh
 	octopus-b (octopus-b)
 	octopus-a (octopus-a)
@@ -794,8 +794,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs-exclude with glob' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master (HEAD -> master)
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach (HEAD -> master)
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh (tag: seventh)
 	octopus-b (tag: octopus-b)
 	octopus-a (tag: octopus-a)
@@ -811,8 +811,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs-exclude without globs' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master (HEAD -> master)
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach (HEAD -> master)
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh (tag: seventh)
 	octopus-b (tag: octopus-b, octopus-b)
 	octopus-a (tag: octopus-a, octopus-a)
@@ -828,8 +828,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple decorate-refs-exclude' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master (HEAD -> master)
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach (HEAD -> master)
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh (tag: seventh)
 	octopus-b (tag: octopus-b)
 	octopus-a (tag: octopus-a)
@@ -851,8 +851,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs and decorate-refs-exclude' '
 	cat >expect.no-decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master (master)
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach (master)
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh
 	octopus-b
 	octopus-a
@@ -866,8 +866,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'deocrate-refs and log.excludeDecoration' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master (master)
-	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b-into-master
+	Merge-tag-reach (master)
+	Merge-tags-octopus-a-and-octopus-b
 	seventh
 	octopus-b (octopus-b)
 	octopus-a (octopus-a)
@@ -881,10 +881,10 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs-exclude and simplify-by-decoration' '
 	cat >expect.decorate <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge-tag-reach-into-master (HEAD -> master)
+	Merge-tag-reach (HEAD -> master)
 	reach (tag: reach, reach)
 	seventh (tag: seventh)
-	Merge-branch-tangle-into-master
+	Merge-branch-tangle
 	Merge-branch-side-early-part-into-tangle (tangle)
 	tangle-a (tag: tangle-a)
 	EOF
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@
 |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
 | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 | |
-| |     Merge branch 'tangle' into master
+| |     Merge branch 'tangle'
 | |
 | *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 | |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@
 |\ \ \ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
 | | | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 | | | | |
-| | | | |     Merge branch 'side' into master
+| | | | |     Merge branch 'side'
 | | | | |
 | * | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 | | |_|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@
 *** |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
 *** | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 *** | |
-*** | |     Merge branch 'tangle' into master
+*** | |     Merge branch 'tangle'
 *** | |
 *** | *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 *** | |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@
 *** |\ \ \ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
 *** | | | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 *** | | | | |
-*** | | | | |     Merge branch 'side' into master
+*** | | | | |     Merge branch 'side'
 *** | | | | |
 *** | * | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
 *** | | |_|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
@@ -1540,8 +1540,8 @@
 * reach
 |
 | A	reach.t
-* Merge branch 'tangle' into master
-*   Merge branch 'side' into master
+* Merge branch 'tangle'
+*   Merge branch 'side'
 |\
 | * side-2
 |
@@ -1562,8 +1562,8 @@
 * reach
 |
 | reach.t
-* Merge branch 'tangle' into master
-*   Merge branch 'side' into master
+* Merge branch 'tangle'
+*   Merge branch 'side'
 |\
 | * side-2
 |
diff --git a/t/t4211-line-log.sh b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
index e186c83..2d1d7b5 100755
--- a/t/t4211-line-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup (import history)' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	git fast-import < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4211/history.export &&
 	git reset --hard
 '
diff --git a/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh b/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh
index c855bcd..4bb9e9d 100755
--- a/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh
+++ b/t/t4216-log-bloom.sh
@@ -30,12 +30,17 @@
 	rm file_to_be_deleted &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -m "file removed" &&
-	git commit-graph write --reachable --changed-paths
+	git commit-graph write --reachable --changed-paths &&
+
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
+	oid_version sha1:1
+	oid_version sha256:2
+	EOF
 '
 graph_read_expect () {
 	NUM_CHUNKS=5
 	cat >expect <<- EOF
-	header: 43475048 1 1 $NUM_CHUNKS 0
+	header: 43475048 1 $(test_oid oid_version) $NUM_CHUNKS 0
 	num_commits: $1
 	chunks: oid_fanout oid_lookup commit_metadata bloom_indexes bloom_data
 	EOF
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@
 
 test_bloom_filters_used () {
 	log_args=$1
-	bloom_trace_prefix="statistics:{\"filter_not_present\":0,\"zero_length_filter\":0,\"maybe\""
+	bloom_trace_prefix="statistics:{\"filter_not_present\":0,\"maybe\""
 	setup "$log_args" &&
 	grep -q "$bloom_trace_prefix" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace.perf" &&
 	test_cmp log_wo_bloom log_w_bloom &&
@@ -112,6 +117,10 @@
 	test_bloom_filters_not_used "-- file4 A/file1"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log -- "." pathspec at root does not use Bloom filters' '
+	test_bloom_filters_not_used "-- ."
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git log with wildcard that resolves to a single path uses Bloom filters' '
 	test_bloom_filters_used "-- *4" &&
 	test_bloom_filters_used "-- *renamed"
@@ -126,7 +135,7 @@
 	test_commit c14 A/anotherFile2 &&
 	test_commit c15 A/B/anotherFile2 &&
 	test_commit c16 A/B/C/anotherFile2 &&
-	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS=0 git commit-graph write --reachable --split &&
+	git commit-graph write --reachable --split --no-changed-paths &&
 	test_line_count = 2 .git/objects/info/commit-graphs/commit-graph-chain
 '
 
@@ -142,7 +151,7 @@
 
 test_bloom_filters_used_when_some_filters_are_missing () {
 	log_args=$1
-	bloom_trace_prefix="statistics:{\"filter_not_present\":3,\"zero_length_filter\":0,\"maybe\":8,\"definitely_not\":6"
+	bloom_trace_prefix="statistics:{\"filter_not_present\":3,\"maybe\":6,\"definitely_not\":8"
 	setup "$log_args" &&
 	grep -q "$bloom_trace_prefix" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace.perf" &&
 	test_cmp log_wo_bloom log_w_bloom
@@ -152,4 +161,39 @@
 	test_bloom_filters_used_when_some_filters_are_missing "-- A/B"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'persist filter settings' '
+	test_when_finished rm -rf .git/objects/info/commit-graph* &&
+	rm -rf .git/objects/info/commit-graph* &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace2.txt" \
+		GIT_TRACE2_EVENT_NESTING=5 \
+		GIT_TEST_BLOOM_SETTINGS_NUM_HASHES=9 \
+		GIT_TEST_BLOOM_SETTINGS_BITS_PER_ENTRY=15 \
+		git commit-graph write --reachable --changed-paths &&
+	grep "{\"hash_version\":1,\"num_hashes\":9,\"bits_per_entry\":15}" trace2.txt &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace2-auto.txt" \
+		GIT_TRACE2_EVENT_NESTING=5 \
+		git commit-graph write --reachable --changed-paths &&
+	grep "{\"hash_version\":1,\"num_hashes\":9,\"bits_per_entry\":15}" trace2-auto.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'correctly report changes over limit' '
+	git init 513changes &&
+	(
+		cd 513changes &&
+		for i in $(test_seq 1 513)
+		do
+			echo $i >file$i.txt || return 1
+		done &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m "files" &&
+		git commit-graph write --reachable --changed-paths &&
+		for i in $(test_seq 1 513)
+		do
+			git -c core.commitGraph=false log -- file$i.txt >expect &&
+			git log -- file$i.txt >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual || return 1
+		done
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index 746cdb6..3d6a933 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
-    'test_oid_init &&
-     rm -f .git/index* &&
+    'rm -f .git/index* &&
      perl -e "print \"a\" x 4096;" > a &&
      perl -e "print \"b\" x 4096;" > b &&
      perl -e "print \"c\" x 4096;" > c &&
@@ -497,4 +496,40 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prefetch objects' '
+	rm -rf server client &&
+
+	git init server &&
+	test_config -C server uploadpack.allowanysha1inwant 1 &&
+	test_config -C server uploadpack.allowfilter 1 &&
+	test_config -C server protocol.version 2 &&
+
+	echo one >server/one &&
+	git -C server add one &&
+	git -C server commit -m one &&
+	git -C server branch one_branch &&
+
+	echo two_a >server/two_a &&
+	echo two_b >server/two_b &&
+	git -C server add two_a two_b &&
+	git -C server commit -m two &&
+
+	echo three >server/three &&
+	git -C server add three &&
+	git -C server commit -m three &&
+	git -C server branch three_branch &&
+
+	# Clone, fetch "two" with blobs excluded, and re-push it. This requires
+	# the client to have the blobs of "two" - verify that these are
+	# prefetched in one batch.
+	git clone --filter=blob:none --single-branch -b one_branch \
+		"file://$(pwd)/server" client &&
+	test_config -C client protocol.version 2 &&
+	TWO=$(git -C server rev-parse three_branch^) &&
+	git -C client fetch --filter=blob:none origin "$TWO" &&
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$(pwd)/trace git -C client push origin "$TWO":refs/heads/two_branch &&
+	grep "git> done" trace >donelines &&
+	test_line_count = 1 donelines
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
index 8981c9b..c92e553 100755
--- a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	rawsz=$(test_oid rawsz) &&
 	rm -rf .git &&
 	git init &&
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@
 	i=1 &&
 	while test $i -le 100
 	do
-		iii=$(printf '%03i' $i)
+		iii=$(printf "%03i" $i)
 		test-tool genrandom "bar" 200 > wide_delta_$iii &&
 		test-tool genrandom "baz $iii" 50 >> wide_delta_$iii &&
 		test-tool genrandom "foo"$i 100 > deep_delta_$iii &&
diff --git a/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
index 6845c1f..693b241 100755
--- a/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
+++ b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
@@ -4,23 +4,27 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq SHA1
-then
-       skip_all='not using SHA-1 for objects'
-       test_done
-fi
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
+	lo_oid sha1:e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+	lo_oid sha256:471819e8c52bf11513f100b2810a8aa0622d5cd3d1c913758a071dd4b3bad8fe
+
+	missing_oid sha1:e69d000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	missing_oid sha256:4720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	EOF
+'
 
 # The sha1s we have in our pack. It's important that these have the same
 # starting byte, so that they end up in the same fanout section of the index.
 # That lets us make sure we are exercising the binary search with both sets.
-LO_SHA1=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
-HI_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+LO_SHA1=$(test_oid lo_oid)
+HI_SHA1=$EMPTY_BLOB
 
 # And here's a "missing sha1" which will produce failed lookups. It must also
 # be in the same fanout section, and should be between the two (so that during
 # our binary search, we are sure to end up looking at one or the other of the
 # duplicate runs).
-MISSING_SHA1='e69d000000000000000000000000000000000000'
+MISSING_SHA1=$(test_oid missing_oid)
 
 # git will never intentionally create packfiles with
 # duplicate objects, so we have to construct them by hand.
diff --git a/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh b/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh
index 2a4557e..535313e 100755
--- a/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh
+++ b/t/t5313-pack-bounds-checks.sh
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
 	oid000 sha1:1485
 	oid000 sha256:4222
diff --git a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
index 26f332d..2ed0c15 100755
--- a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@
 	git init &&
 	git config core.commitGraph true &&
 	objdir=".git/objects" &&
-	test_oid_init
+
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
+	oid_version sha1:1
+	oid_version sha256:2
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'tweak umask for modebit tests' '
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@
 		NUM_CHUNKS=$((3 + $(echo "$2" | wc -w)))
 	fi
 	cat >expect <<- EOF
-	header: 43475048 1 1 $NUM_CHUNKS 0
+	header: 43475048 1 $(test_oid oid_version) $NUM_CHUNKS 0
 	num_commits: $1
 	chunks: oid_fanout oid_lookup commit_metadata$OPTIONAL
 	EOF
@@ -413,6 +417,35 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'warn on improper hash version' '
+	git init --object-format=sha1 sha1 &&
+	(
+		cd sha1 &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		git commit-graph write --reachable &&
+		mv .git/objects/info/commit-graph ../cg-sha1
+	) &&
+	git init --object-format=sha256 sha256 &&
+	(
+		cd sha256 &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		git commit-graph write --reachable &&
+		mv .git/objects/info/commit-graph ../cg-sha256
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd sha1 &&
+		mv ../cg-sha256 .git/objects/info/commit-graph &&
+		git log -1 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "commit-graph hash version 2 does not match version 1" err
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd sha256 &&
+		mv ../cg-sha1 .git/objects/info/commit-graph &&
+		git log -1 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "commit-graph hash version 1 does not match version 2" err
+	)
+'
+
 # the verify tests below expect the commit-graph to contain
 # exactly the commits reachable from the commits/8 branch.
 # If the file changes the set of commits in the list, then the
@@ -476,7 +509,7 @@
 		cp $objdir/info/commit-graph commit-graph-pre-write-test
 	fi &&
 	git status --short &&
-	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_LOAD=true git commit-graph write &&
+	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_DIE_ON_PARSE=true git commit-graph write &&
 	chmod u+w $objdir/info/commit-graph &&
 	git commit-graph verify
 }
@@ -529,7 +562,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'detect low chunk count' '
-	corrupt_graph_and_verify $GRAPH_BYTE_CHUNK_COUNT "\02" \
+	corrupt_graph_and_verify $GRAPH_BYTE_CHUNK_COUNT "\01" \
 		"missing the .* chunk"
 '
 
@@ -615,7 +648,8 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'detect incorrect chunk count' '
 	corrupt_graph_and_verify $GRAPH_BYTE_CHUNK_COUNT "\377" \
-		"chunk lookup table entry missing" $GRAPH_CHUNK_LOOKUP_OFFSET
+		"commit-graph file is too small to hold [0-9]* chunks" \
+		$GRAPH_CHUNK_LOOKUP_OFFSET
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git fsck (checks commit-graph)' '
diff --git a/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh b/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
index 7214cab..43b1b5b 100755
--- a/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 objdir=.git/objects
 
+HASH_LEN=$(test_oid rawsz)
+
 midx_read_expect () {
 	NUM_PACKS=$1
 	NUM_OBJECTS=$2
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@
 	EXTRA_CHUNKS="$5"
 	{
 		cat <<-EOF &&
-		header: 4d494458 1 $NUM_CHUNKS $NUM_PACKS
+		header: 4d494458 1 $HASH_LEN $NUM_CHUNKS $NUM_PACKS
 		chunks: pack-names oid-fanout oid-lookup object-offsets$EXTRA_CHUNKS
 		num_objects: $NUM_OBJECTS
 		packs:
@@ -29,7 +31,6 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
 	idxoff sha1:2999
 	idxoff sha256:3739
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@
 	test_path_is_missing pack/multi-pack-index
 '
 
-test_expect_success "Warn if a midx contains no oid" '
+test_expect_success SHA1 'warn if a midx contains no oid' '
 	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5319/no-objects.midx $objdir/pack/multi-pack-index &&
 	test_must_fail git multi-pack-index verify &&
 	rm $objdir/pack/multi-pack-index
@@ -199,6 +200,40 @@
 
 compare_results_with_midx "twelve packs"
 
+test_expect_success 'warn on improper hash version' '
+	git init --object-format=sha1 sha1 &&
+	(
+		cd sha1 &&
+		git config core.multiPackIndex true &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		git repack -a &&
+		git multi-pack-index write &&
+		mv .git/objects/pack/multi-pack-index ../mpi-sha1
+	) &&
+	git init --object-format=sha256 sha256 &&
+	(
+		cd sha256 &&
+		git config core.multiPackIndex true &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		git repack -a &&
+		git multi-pack-index write &&
+		mv .git/objects/pack/multi-pack-index ../mpi-sha256
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd sha1 &&
+		mv ../mpi-sha256 .git/objects/pack/multi-pack-index &&
+		git log -1 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "multi-pack-index hash version 2 does not match version 1" err
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd sha256 &&
+		mv ../mpi-sha1 .git/objects/pack/multi-pack-index &&
+		git log -1 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "multi-pack-index hash version 1 does not match version 2" err
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_expect_success 'verify multi-pack-index success' '
 	git multi-pack-index verify --object-dir=$objdir
 '
@@ -244,7 +279,6 @@
 		"multi-pack-index signature"
 '
 
-HASH_LEN=$(test_oid rawsz)
 NUM_OBJECTS=74
 MIDX_BYTE_VERSION=4
 MIDX_BYTE_OID_VERSION=5
@@ -273,7 +307,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify bad OID version' '
-	corrupt_midx_and_verify $MIDX_BYTE_OID_VERSION "\02" $objdir \
+	corrupt_midx_and_verify $MIDX_BYTE_OID_VERSION "\03" $objdir \
 		"hash version"
 '
 
@@ -643,6 +677,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'repack --batch-size=0 repacks everything' '
+	cp -r dup dup2 &&
 	(
 		cd dup &&
 		rm .git/objects/pack/*.keep &&
@@ -662,4 +697,21 @@
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'repack --batch-size=<large> repacks everything' '
+	(
+		cd dup2 &&
+		rm .git/objects/pack/*.keep &&
+		ls .git/objects/pack/*idx >idx-list &&
+		test_line_count = 2 idx-list &&
+		git multi-pack-index repack --batch-size=2000000 &&
+		ls .git/objects/pack/*idx >idx-list &&
+		test_line_count = 3 idx-list &&
+		test-tool read-midx .git/objects | grep idx >midx-list &&
+		test_line_count = 3 midx-list &&
+		git multi-pack-index expire &&
+		ls -al .git/objects/pack/*idx >idx-list &&
+		test_line_count = 1 idx-list
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
index 269d096..1821646 100755
--- a/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@
 	git config gc.writeCommitGraph false &&
 	infodir=".git/objects/info" &&
 	graphdir="$infodir/commit-graphs" &&
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test_oid_cache <<-EOM
 	shallow sha1:1760
 	shallow sha256:2064
 
 	base sha1:1376
 	base sha256:1496
+
+	oid_version sha1:1
+	oid_version sha256:2
 	EOM
 '
 
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@
 		NUM_BASE=$2
 	fi
 	cat >expect <<- EOF
-	header: 43475048 1 1 3 $NUM_BASE
+	header: 43475048 1 $(test_oid oid_version) 3 $NUM_BASE
 	num_commits: $1
 	chunks: oid_fanout oid_lookup commit_metadata
 	EOF
@@ -399,7 +401,7 @@
 		for i in $(test_seq 64)
 		do
 			test_commit $i &&
-			test_might_fail run_with_limited_open_files git commit-graph write \
+			run_with_limited_open_files test_might_fail git commit-graph write \
 				--split=no-merge --reachable || return 1
 		done
 	)
diff --git a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
index a32efe2..1a16ac4 100755
--- a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
+++ b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup and inject "corrupt or missing" object' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	echo hello >greetings &&
 	git add greetings &&
 	git commit -m greetings &&
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index a66dbe0..2a1abe9 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'fetch following tags' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
-	git tag -a -m 'annotated' anno HEAD &&
+	git tag -a -m "annotated" anno HEAD &&
 	git tag light HEAD &&
 
 	mkdir four &&
@@ -281,15 +281,19 @@
 	cd "$D" &&
 	echo >file updated again by origin &&
 	git commit -a -m "tip" &&
-	git bundle create bundle1 master^..master
+	git bundle create --version=3 bundle1 master^..master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'header of bundle looks right' '
-	head -n 4 "$D"/bundle1 &&
-	head -n 1 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^#" &&
-	head -n 2 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^-$OID_REGEX " &&
-	head -n 3 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^$OID_REGEX " &&
-	head -n 4 "$D"/bundle1 | grep "^$"
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	# v3 git bundle
+	@object-format=$(test_oid algo)
+	-OID updated by origin
+	OID refs/heads/master
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "s/$OID_REGEX/OID/g" -e "5q" "$D"/bundle1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create bundle 2' '
@@ -331,7 +335,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'bundle should be able to create a full history' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
-	git tag -a -m '1.0' v1.0 master &&
+	git tag -a -m "1.0" v1.0 master &&
 	git bundle create bundle4 v1.0
 
 '
@@ -539,13 +543,24 @@
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fetch --dry-run' '
-
+test_expect_success 'fetch --dry-run does not touch FETCH_HEAD' '
 	rm -f .git/FETCH_HEAD &&
 	git fetch --dry-run . &&
 	! test -f .git/FETCH_HEAD
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--no-write-fetch-head does not touch FETCH_HEAD' '
+	rm -f .git/FETCH_HEAD &&
+	git fetch --no-write-fetch-head . &&
+	! test -f .git/FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--write-fetch-head gets defeated by --dry-run' '
+	rm -f .git/FETCH_HEAD &&
+	git fetch --dry-run --write-fetch-head . &&
+	! test -f .git/FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
 test_expect_success "should be able to fetch with duplicate refspecs" '
 	mkdir dups &&
 	(
@@ -797,7 +812,7 @@
 	"--prune origin refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
 
 # --prune-tags on its own does nothing, needs --prune as well, same
-# for for fetch.pruneTags without fetch.prune
+# for fetch.pruneTags without fetch.prune
 test_configured_prune unset unset unset unset kept kept     "--prune-tags"
 test_configured_prune unset unset true unset  kept kept     ""
 test_configured_prune unset unset unset true  kept kept     ""
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
index 159afa7..db1a381 100755
--- a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -85,6 +85,13 @@
 	test -s err)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git pull --no-write-fetch-head fails' '
+	mkdir clonedwfh &&
+	(cd clonedwfh && git init &&
+	test_expect_code 129 git pull --no-write-fetch-head "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no-write-fetch-head" err)
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull --force' '
 	mkdir clonedoldstyle &&
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
index 4ce9a9f..205a263 100755
--- a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'setup and corrupt repository' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	echo file >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git rev-parse :file &&
diff --git a/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh b/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
index c0d02de..82aa99a 100755
--- a/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
+++ b/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@
 commit() {
 	echo "$1" >tracked &&
 	git add tracked &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'setup shallow clone' '
+	test_tick=1500000000 &&
 	commit 1 &&
 	commit 2 &&
 	commit 3 &&
@@ -48,7 +50,6 @@
 test_expect_success 'no shallow lines after receiving ACK ready' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
-		test_tick &&
 		for i in $(test_seq 15)
 		do
 			git checkout --orphan unrelated$i &&
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@
 	(
 		cd clone &&
 		git checkout --orphan newnew &&
+		test_tick=1400000000 &&
 		test_commit new-too &&
 		# NEEDSWORK: If the overspecification of the expected result is reduced, we
 		# might be able to run this test in all protocol versions.
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
index 463d0f1..187454f 100755
--- a/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
@@ -479,6 +479,21 @@
 	! grep "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS" reflog
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Non-ASCII branch name can be used with --force-with-lease' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/smart/test_repo.git" non-ascii &&
+	cd non-ascii &&
+	git checkout -b rama-de-árbol &&
+	test_commit F &&
+	git push --force-with-lease origin rama-de-árbol &&
+	git ls-remote origin refs/heads/rama-de-árbol >actual &&
+	git ls-remote . refs/heads/rama-de-árbol >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git push --delete --force-with-lease origin rama-de-árbol &&
+	git ls-remote origin refs/heads/rama-de-árbol >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'colorize errors/hints' '
 	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
 	test_must_fail git -c color.transport=always -c color.advice=always \
diff --git a/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh b/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh
index 81975ad..7622981 100755
--- a/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t5553-set-upstream.sh
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch --set-upstream with valid URL sets upstream to URL' '
 	clear_config other other2 &&
-	url="file://'"$PWD"'" &&
+	url="file://$PWD" &&
 	git fetch --set-upstream "$url" &&
 	check_config master "$url" HEAD &&
 	check_config_missing other &&
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream with valid URL sets upstream to URL' '
 	clear_config master other other2 &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	url="file://'"$PWD"'" &&
+	url="file://$PWD" &&
 	git pull --set-upstream "$url" &&
 	check_config master "$url" HEAD &&
 	check_config_missing other &&
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'pull --set-upstream with valid URL and branch sets branch' '
 	clear_config master other other2 &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	url="file://'"$PWD"'" &&
+	url="file://$PWD" &&
 	git pull --set-upstream "$url" master &&
 	check_config master "$url" refs/heads/master &&
 	check_config_missing other &&
diff --git a/t/t5562-http-backend-content-length.sh b/t/t5562-http-backend-content-length.sh
index c6ec625..e5d3d15 100755
--- a/t/t5562-http-backend-content-length.sh
+++ b/t/t5562-http-backend-content-length.sh
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING="identity" &&
 	export HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING &&
 	git config http.receivepack true &&
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 84ea2a3..eb9a093 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -271,7 +271,9 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'clone separate gitdir where target already exists' '
 	rm -rf dst &&
-	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir realgitdir src dst
+	echo foo=bar >>realgitdir/config &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir realgitdir src dst &&
+	grep foo=bar realgitdir/config
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone --reference from original' '
diff --git a/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh b/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
index 6d5a977..26985f4 100755
--- a/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
+++ b/t/t5607-clone-bundle.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF &&
+	version sha1:2
+	version sha256:3
+	EOF
 	test_commit initial &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git tag -m tag tag &&
@@ -94,4 +98,31 @@
 	git fetch --no-tags foo/tip.bundle "$(cat hash)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git bundle uses expected default format' '
+	git bundle create bundle HEAD^.. &&
+	head -n1 bundle | grep "^# v$(test_oid version) git bundle$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git bundle v3 has expected contents' '
+	git branch side HEAD &&
+	git bundle create --version=3 bundle HEAD^..side &&
+	head -n2 bundle >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	# v3 git bundle
+	@object-format=$(test_oid algo)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git bundle verify bundle
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git bundle v3 rejects unknown capabilities' '
+	cat >new <<-EOF &&
+	# v3 git bundle
+	@object-format=$(test_oid algo)
+	@unknown=silly
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git bundle verify new 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "unknown capability .unknown=silly." output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh b/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
index 8a27452..5a01466 100755
--- a/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5616-partial-clone.sh
@@ -163,6 +163,22 @@
 	test_line_count = 0 observed.oids
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'partial clone with transfer.fsckobjects=1 works with submodules' '
+	test_create_repo submodule &&
+	test_commit -C submodule mycommit &&
+
+	test_create_repo src_with_sub &&
+	test_config -C src_with_sub uploadpack.allowfilter 1 &&
+	test_config -C src_with_sub uploadpack.allowanysha1inwant 1 &&
+
+	git -C src_with_sub submodule add "file://$(pwd)/submodule" mysub &&
+	git -C src_with_sub commit -m "commit with submodule" &&
+
+	git -c transfer.fsckobjects=1 \
+		clone --filter="blob:none" "file://$(pwd)/src_with_sub" dst &&
+	test_when_finished rm -rf dst
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'partial clone with transfer.fsckobjects=1 uses index-pack --fsck-objects' '
 	git init src &&
 	test_commit -C src x &&
@@ -235,6 +251,39 @@
 	test_cmp unique_types.expected unique_types.actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails banned object filters' '
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.blob:none.allow false &&
+	test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none \
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc3 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "filter '\''blob:none'\'' not supported" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails banned combine object filters' '
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.allow false &&
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.combine.allow true &&
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.tree.allow true &&
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.blob:none.allow false &&
+	test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git clone --no-checkout --filter=tree:1 \
+		--filter=blob:none "file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc3 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "filter '\''blob:none'\'' not supported" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails banned object filters with fallback' '
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.allow false &&
+	test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git clone --no-checkout --filter=blob:none \
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc3 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "filter '\''blob:none'\'' not supported" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upload-pack limits tree depth filters' '
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.allow false &&
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.tree.allow true &&
+	test_config -C srv.bare uploadpackfilter.tree.maxDepth 0 &&
+	test_must_fail ok=sigpipe git clone --no-checkout --filter=tree:1 \
+		"file://$(pwd)/srv.bare" pc3 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "tree filter allows max depth 0, but got 1" err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'partial clone fetches blobs pointed to by refs even if normally filtered out' '
 	rm -rf src dst &&
 	git init src &&
@@ -422,6 +471,44 @@
 	test_must_fail git -C single rev-parse --verify refs/tags/C
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fetch from a partial clone, protocol v0' '
+	rm -rf server client trace &&
+
+	# Pretend that the server is a partial clone
+	git init server &&
+	git -C server remote add a_remote "file://$(pwd)/" &&
+	test_config -C server core.repositoryformatversion 1 &&
+	test_config -C server extensions.partialclone a_remote &&
+	test_config -C server protocol.version 0 &&
+	test_commit -C server foo &&
+
+	# Fetch from the server
+	git init client &&
+	test_config -C client protocol.version 0 &&
+	test_commit -C client bar &&
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$(pwd)/trace" git -C client fetch "file://$(pwd)/server" &&
+	! grep "version 2" trace
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch from a partial clone, protocol v2' '
+	rm -rf server client trace &&
+
+	# Pretend that the server is a partial clone
+	git init server &&
+	git -C server remote add a_remote "file://$(pwd)/" &&
+	test_config -C server core.repositoryformatversion 1 &&
+	test_config -C server extensions.partialclone a_remote &&
+	test_config -C server protocol.version 2 &&
+	test_commit -C server foo &&
+
+	# Fetch from the server
+	git init client &&
+	test_config -C client protocol.version 2 &&
+	test_commit -C client bar &&
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$(pwd)/trace" git -C client fetch "file://$(pwd)/server" &&
+	grep "version 2" trace
+'
+
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 start_httpd
 
diff --git a/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh b/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
index 1b54c35..5a60fbe 100755
--- a/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
+++ b/t/t5702-protocol-v2.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 daemon_parent=$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/parent
 
 test_expect_success 'create repo to be served by git-daemon' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	git init "$daemon_parent" &&
 	test_commit -C "$daemon_parent" one
 '
@@ -829,7 +828,7 @@
 	# Ensure that my-blob and other-blob are in separate packfiles.
 	for idx in http_child/.git/objects/pack/*.idx
 	do
-		git verify-pack --verbose $idx >out &&
+		git verify-pack --object-format=$(test_oid algo) --verbose $idx >out &&
 		{
 			grep "^[0-9a-f]\{16,\} " out || :
 		} >out.objectlist &&
diff --git a/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh b/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh
index 748282f..d9ecf0f 100755
--- a/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh
+++ b/t/t5703-upload-pack-ref-in-want.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 #             \ | /
 #               a
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	test_commit a &&
 	git checkout -b o/foo &&
 	test_commit b &&
diff --git a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
index 26e3533..fc4d55d 100755
--- a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
+++ b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 	echo content1 >wanted_file &&
 	echo content2 >unwanted_file &&
 	git add wanted_file unwanted_file &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m one
 '
 
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
 	mkdir foo &&
 	>foo/file &&
 	git add foo/file &&
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m two &&
 
 	git rev-list --objects HEAD -- foo >output &&
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list A..B and rev-list ^A B are the same' '
+	test_tick &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m another &&
 	git tag -a -m "annotated" v1.0 &&
 	git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0 >expect &&
@@ -84,10 +87,10 @@
 test_expect_success 'symleft flag bit is propagated down from tag' '
 	git log --format="%m %s" --left-right v1.0...master >actual &&
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	> two
-	> one
 	< another
 	< that
+	> two
+	> one
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index 7e82e43..bc95da8 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 truncate_count=20
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_oid_init &&
 	: >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git config i18n.commitEncoding $test_encoding &&
diff --git a/t/t6100-rev-list-in-order.sh b/t/t6100-rev-list-in-order.sh
index b2bb0a7..e934bc2 100755
--- a/t/t6100-rev-list-in-order.sh
+++ b/t/t6100-rev-list-in-order.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list --in-commit-order' '
 	git rev-list --in-commit-order --objects HEAD >actual.raw &&
-	cut -c 1-40 >actual <actual.raw &&
+	cut -d" " -f1 >actual <actual.raw &&
 
 	git cat-file --batch-check="%(objectname)" >expect.raw <<-\EOF &&
 		HEAD^{commit}
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'rev-list lists blobs and trees after commits' '
 	git rev-list --objects HEAD >actual.raw &&
-	cut -c 1-40 >actual <actual.raw &&
+	cut -d" " -f1 >actual <actual.raw &&
 
 	git cat-file --batch-check="%(objectname)" >expect.raw <<-\EOF &&
 		HEAD^{commit}
diff --git a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
index 7683e4a..7531262 100755
--- a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'start is valid' '
-	git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"
+	git rev-parse start | grep "^$OID_REGEX$"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'start^0' '
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 2b3fd49..7d54974 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'message for merging local branch' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master" >expected &&
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch . left &&
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'message for merging external branch' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} of $(pwd) into master" >expected &&
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} of $(pwd)" >expected &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
 	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	# Via Another Committer
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=3 limits shortlog length' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
 	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	# Via Another Committer
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
 	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	# Via Another Committer
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--log=5 with custom comment character' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
 	x By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	x Via Another Committer
@@ -212,14 +212,14 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master" >expected &&
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
 	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--log=3 limits shortlog length' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
 	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	# Via Another Committer
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success '--log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
 	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	# Via Another Committer
@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-log disables shortlog' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master" >expected &&
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--log=0 disables shortlog' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos} into master" >expected &&
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'setup: expected shortlog for two branches' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF
-	Merge branches ${apos}left${apos} and ${apos}right${apos} into master
+	Merge branches ${apos}left${apos} and ${apos}right${apos}
 
 	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
 	# Via Another Committer
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos} into master
+	Merge tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos}
 
 	* tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos}:
 	  Right #3
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg two tags' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge tags ${apos}tag-r3${apos} and ${apos}tag-l5${apos} into master
+	Merge tags ${apos}tag-r3${apos} and ${apos}tag-l5${apos}
 
 	* tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos}:
 	  Right #3
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag and branch' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}, tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos} into master
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}, tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos}
 
 	* tag ${apos}tag-r3${apos}:
 	  Right #3
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 	{
 		cat <<-EOF &&
-		Merge branch ${apos}long${apos} into master
+		Merge branch ${apos}long${apos}
 
 		* long: (35 commits)
 		EOF
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	{
 		cat <<-\EOF
-		Merge tag '\''annote'\'' into master
+		Merge tag '\''annote'\''
 
 		An annotated one
 
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@
 	git merge --no-commit --no-ff $annote &&
 	{
 		cat <<-EOF
-		Merge tag '\''$annote'\'' into master
+		Merge tag '\''$annote'\''
 
 		An annotated one
 
@@ -542,4 +542,24 @@
 	test_cmp expected .git/MERGE_MSG
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge.suppressDest configuration' '
+	git checkout -B side master &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "One step ahead" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . side &&
+
+	git -c merge.suppressDest="" fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >full.1 &&
+	head -n1 full.1 >actual &&
+	grep -e "Merge branch .side. into master" actual &&
+
+	git -c merge.suppressDest="mast" fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >full.2 &&
+	head -n1 full.2 >actual &&
+	grep -e "Merge branch .side. into master$" actual &&
+
+	git -c merge.suppressDest="ma??er" fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >full.3 &&
+	head -n1 full.3 >actual &&
+	grep -e "Merge branch .side." actual &&
+	! grep -e " into master$" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
index da59fad..58adee7 100755
--- a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -52,6 +52,25 @@
 		sanitize_pgp <actual >actual.clean &&
 		test_cmp expected actual.clean
 	"
+	# Automatically test "contents:size" atom after testing "contents"
+	if test "$2" = "contents"
+	then
+		case $(git cat-file -t "$ref") in
+		tag)
+			# We cannot use $3 as it expects sanitize_pgp to run
+			expect=$(git cat-file tag $ref | tail -n +6 | wc -c) ;;
+		tree | blob)
+			expect='' ;;
+		commit)
+			expect=$(printf '%s' "$3" | wc -c) ;;
+		esac
+		# Leave $expect unquoted to lose possible leading whitespaces
+		echo $expect >expected
+		test_expect_${4:-success} $PREREQ "basic atom: $1 contents:size" '
+			git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:size)" "$ref" >actual &&
+			test_cmp expected actual
+		'
+	fi
 }
 
 hexlen=$(test_oid hexsz)
@@ -650,6 +669,25 @@
 body contents
 $sig"
 
+test_expect_success 'set up refs pointing to tree and blob' '
+	git update-ref refs/mytrees/first refs/heads/master^{tree} &&
+	git update-ref refs/myblobs/first refs/heads/master:one
+'
+
+test_atom refs/mytrees/first subject ""
+test_atom refs/mytrees/first contents:subject ""
+test_atom refs/mytrees/first body ""
+test_atom refs/mytrees/first contents:body ""
+test_atom refs/mytrees/first contents:signature ""
+test_atom refs/mytrees/first contents ""
+
+test_atom refs/myblobs/first subject ""
+test_atom refs/myblobs/first contents:subject ""
+test_atom refs/myblobs/first body ""
+test_atom refs/myblobs/first contents:body ""
+test_atom refs/myblobs/first contents:signature ""
+test_atom refs/myblobs/first contents ""
+
 test_expect_success 'set up multiple-sort tags' '
 	for when in 100000 200000
 	do
@@ -738,61 +776,40 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success '%(trailers:unfold) unfolds trailers' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
 	{
 		unfold <trailers
 		echo
 	} >expect &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '%(trailers:only) shows only "key: value" trailers' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
 	{
 		grep -v patch.description <trailers &&
 		echo
 	} >expect &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '%(trailers:only) and %(trailers:unfold) work together' '
+	{
+		grep -v patch.description <trailers | unfold &&
+		echo
+	} >expect &&
 	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:only,unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/master >reverse &&
-	test_cmp actual reverse &&
-	{
-		grep -v patch.description <trailers | unfold &&
-		echo
-	} >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success '%(contents:trailers:unfold) unfolds trailers' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
-	{
-		unfold <trailers
-		echo
-	} >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success '%(contents:trailers:only) shows only "key: value" trailers' '
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
-	{
-		grep -v patch.description <trailers &&
-		echo
-	} >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-'
-
-test_expect_success '%(contents:trailers:only) and %(contents:trailers:unfold) work together' '
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual actual &&
 	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:only,unfold)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
-	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/master >reverse &&
-	test_cmp actual reverse &&
-	{
-		grep -v patch.description <trailers | unfold &&
-		echo
-	} >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unfold,only)" refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp actual actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '%(trailers) rejects unknown trailers arguments' '
@@ -801,15 +818,16 @@
 	fatal: unknown %(trailers) argument: unsupported
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(trailers:unsupported)" 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unsupported)" 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success '%(contents:trailers) rejects unknown trailers arguments' '
-	# error message cannot be checked under i18n
+test_expect_success 'if arguments, %(contents:trailers) shows error if colon is missing' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	fatal: unknown %(trailers) argument: unsupported
+	fatal: unrecognized %(contents) argument: trailersonly
 	EOF
-	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailers:unsupported)" 2>actual &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(contents:trailersonly)" 2>actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh b/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh
index 49cc65b..809854f 100755
--- a/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t6301-for-each-ref-errors.sh
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 ZEROS=$ZERO_OID
-MISSING=abababababababababababababababababababab
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	MISSING=$(test_oid deadbeef) &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m "Initial" &&
 	git tag testtag &&
 	git for-each-ref >full-list &&
diff --git a/t/t6020-merge-df.sh b/t/t6400-merge-df.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6020-merge-df.sh
rename to t/t6400-merge-df.sh
diff --git a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh b/t/t6401-merge-criss-cross.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
rename to t/t6401-merge-criss-cross.sh
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6402-merge-rename.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
rename to t/t6402-merge-rename.sh
diff --git a/t/t6023-merge-file.sh b/t/t6403-merge-file.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6023-merge-file.sh
rename to t/t6403-merge-file.sh
diff --git a/t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh b/t/t6404-recursive-merge.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6024-recursive-merge.sh
rename to t/t6404-recursive-merge.sh
diff --git a/t/t6025-merge-symlinks.sh b/t/t6405-merge-symlinks.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6025-merge-symlinks.sh
rename to t/t6405-merge-symlinks.sh
diff --git a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh b/t/t6406-merge-attr.sh
similarity index 97%
rename from t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
rename to t/t6406-merge-attr.sh
index 5900358..76a55f8 100755
--- a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t6406-merge-attr.sh
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
 	o=$(git unpack-file master^:text) &&
 	a=$(git unpack-file side^:text) &&
 	b=$(git unpack-file master:text) &&
-	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0 'text'" &&
+	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0 text" &&
 	sed -e 1,3d $a >check-2 &&
 	cmp check-1 check-2 &&
 	rm -f $o $a $b
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 	o=$(git unpack-file master^:text) &&
 	a=$(git unpack-file anchor:text) &&
 	b=$(git unpack-file master:text) &&
-	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0 'text'" &&
+	sh -c "./custom-merge $o $a $b 0 text" &&
 	sed -e 1,3d $a >check-2 &&
 	cmp check-1 check-2 &&
 	sed -e 1,3d -e 4q $a >check-3 &&
diff --git a/t/t6027-merge-binary.sh b/t/t6407-merge-binary.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6027-merge-binary.sh
rename to t/t6407-merge-binary.sh
diff --git a/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh b/t/t6408-merge-up-to-date.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
rename to t/t6408-merge-up-to-date.sh
diff --git a/t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh b/t/t6409-merge-subtree.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6029-merge-subtree.sh
rename to t/t6409-merge-subtree.sh
diff --git a/t/t6031-merge-filemode.sh b/t/t6411-merge-filemode.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6031-merge-filemode.sh
rename to t/t6411-merge-filemode.sh
diff --git a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh b/t/t6412-merge-large-rename.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
rename to t/t6412-merge-large-rename.sh
diff --git a/t/t6033-merge-crlf.sh b/t/t6413-merge-crlf.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6033-merge-crlf.sh
rename to t/t6413-merge-crlf.sh
diff --git a/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh b/t/t6414-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
rename to t/t6414-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
diff --git a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh b/t/t6415-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
rename to t/t6415-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
diff --git a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6416-recursive-corner-cases.sh
similarity index 99%
rename from t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
rename to t/t6416-recursive-corner-cases.sh
index b3bf462..fd98989 100755
--- a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6416-recursive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
 #
 # So choice 5 at least provides some kind of conflict for the original case,
 # and can merge cleanly as expected with D1 and E3.  It also made things just
-# slightly funny for merging D1 and e$, where E4 is defined as:
+# slightly funny for merging D1 and E4, where E4 is defined as:
 #   Commit E4: Merge B & C, modifying 'a' and renaming to 'a2', and deleting 'a/'
 # in this case, we'll get a rename/rename(1to2) conflict because a~$UNIQUE
 # gets renamed to 'a' in D1 and to 'a2' in E4.  But that's better than having
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive E^0 &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
-		test_line_count = 2 out &&
+		test_line_count = 3 out &&
 		git ls-files -u >out &&
 		test_line_count = 2 out &&
 		git ls-files -o >out &&
diff --git a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh b/t/t6417-merge-ours-theirs.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
rename to t/t6417-merge-ours-theirs.sh
diff --git a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh b/t/t6418-merge-text-auto.sh
similarity index 88%
rename from t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
rename to t/t6418-merge-text-auto.sh
index 5e8d5fa..30983d1 100755
--- a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
+++ b/t/t6418-merge-text-auto.sh
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 	compare_files expected file.fuzzy
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'checkout -m after setting text=auto' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout -m after setting text=auto' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	first line
 	same line
@@ -168,12 +168,12 @@
 	git rm -fr . &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
-	git checkout a -- . &&
+	git restore --source=a -- . &&
 	git checkout -m b &&
-	compare_files expected file
+	git diff --no-index --ignore-cr-at-eol expected file
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'checkout -m addition of text=auto' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout -m addition of text=auto' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	first line
 	same line
@@ -183,23 +183,9 @@
 	git rm -fr . &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes file &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
-	git checkout b -- . &&
+	git restore --source=b -- . &&
 	git checkout -m a &&
-	compare_files expected file
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'cherry-pick patch from after text=auto was added' '
-	append_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	first line
-	same line
-	EOF
-
-	git config merge.renormalize true &&
-	git rm -fr . &&
-	git reset --hard b &&
-	test_must_fail git cherry-pick a >err 2>&1 &&
-	grep "[Nn]othing added" err &&
-	compare_files expected file
+	git diff --no-index --ignore-cr-at-eol expected file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Test delete/normalize conflict' '
@@ -211,7 +197,8 @@
 	git commit -m "remove file" &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git reset --hard a^ &&
-	git merge side
+	git merge side &&
+	test_path_is_missing file
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh b/t/t6419-merge-ignorecase.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh
rename to t/t6419-merge-ignorecase.sh
diff --git a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6422-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
similarity index 94%
rename from t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
rename to t/t6422-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
index f163893..3375eaf 100755
--- a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6422-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
 		git checkout A^0 &&
 
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive B^0 >out &&
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/add)" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (.*/add)" out &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
 		test_line_count = 2 out &&
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
 		git checkout B^0 &&
 
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive A^0 >out &&
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/add)" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (.*/add)" out &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
 		test_line_count = 2 out &&
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
 		git checkout B^0 &&
 
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive C^0 >out &&
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (\(.*\)/\1)" out &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
 		test_line_count = 2 out &&
@@ -886,12 +886,17 @@
 		git checkout B^0 &&
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive A^0 >out 2>err &&
 
-		# Not sure whether the output should contain just one
-		# "CONFLICT (rename/add/delete)" line, or if it should break
-		# it into a pair of "CONFLICT (rename/delete)" and
-		# "CONFLICT (rename/add)"; allow for either.
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename.*add)" out &&
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename.*delete)" out &&
+		# Instead of requiring the output to contain one combined line
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/add/delete)
+		# or perhaps two lines:
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/add): new file collides with rename target
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/delete): rename source removed on other side
+		# and instead of requiring "rename/add" instead of "add/add",
+		# be flexible in the type of console output message(s) reported
+		# for this particular case; we will be more stringent about the
+		# contents of the index and working directory.
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (.*/add)" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename.*/delete)" out &&
 		test_must_be_empty err &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >file_count &&
@@ -899,14 +904,14 @@
 		git ls-files -u >file_count &&
 		test_line_count = 2 file_count &&
 		git ls-files -o >file_count &&
-		test_line_count = 2 file_count &&
+		test_line_count = 3 file_count &&
 
 		git rev-parse >actual \
 			:2:bar :3:bar &&
 		git rev-parse >expect \
 			B:bar  A:bar  &&
 
-		test_cmp file_is_missing foo &&
+		test_path_is_missing foo &&
 		# bar should have two-way merged contents of the different
 		# versions of bar; check that content from both sides is
 		# present.
@@ -954,11 +959,17 @@
 		git checkout A^0 &&
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive B^0 >out 2>err &&
 
-		# Not sure whether the output should contain just one
-		# "CONFLICT (rename/rename/delete/delete)" line, or if it
-		# should break it into three: "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" and
-		# two "CONFLICT (rename/delete)" lines; allow for either.
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+		# Instead of requiring the output to contain one combined line
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/rename/delete/delete)
+		# or perhaps two lines:
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/rename): ...
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/delete): info about pair 1
+		#   CONFLICT (rename/delete): info about pair 2
+		# and instead of requiring "rename/rename" instead of "add/add",
+		# be flexible in the type of console output message(s) reported
+		# for this particular case; we will be more stringent about the
+		# contents of the index and working directory.
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (\(.*\)/\1)" out &&
 		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename.*delete)" out &&
 		test_must_be_empty err &&
 
@@ -967,15 +978,15 @@
 		git ls-files -u >file_count &&
 		test_line_count = 2 file_count &&
 		git ls-files -o >file_count &&
-		test_line_count = 2 file_count &&
+		test_line_count = 3 file_count &&
 
 		git rev-parse >actual \
 			:2:baz :3:baz &&
 		git rev-parse >expect \
 			O:foo  O:bar  &&
 
-		test_cmp file_is_missing foo &&
-		test_cmp file_is_missing bar &&
+		test_path_is_missing foo &&
+		test_path_is_missing bar &&
 		# baz should have two-way merged contents of the original
 		# contents of foo and bar; check that content from both sides
 		# is present.
@@ -1042,25 +1053,25 @@
 		test_must_be_empty err &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >file_count &&
-		test_line_count = 6 file_count &&
+		test_line_count = 9 file_count &&
 		git ls-files -u >file_count &&
-		test_line_count = 6 file_count &&
+		test_line_count = 9 file_count &&
 		git ls-files -o >file_count &&
 		test_line_count = 3 file_count &&
 
 		test_seq 10 20 >merged-one &&
 		test_seq 51 60 >merged-five &&
 		# Determine what the merge of three would give us.
-		test_seq 30 40 >three-side-A &&
+		test_seq 31 39 >three-base &&
+		test_seq 31 40 >three-side-A &&
 		test_seq 31 39 >three-side-B &&
-		echo forty >three-side-B &&
-		>empty &&
+		echo forty >>three-side-B &&
 		test_must_fail git merge-file \
-			-L "HEAD" \
+			-L "HEAD:four" \
 			-L "" \
-			-L "B^0" \
-			three-side-A empty three-side-B &&
-		sed -e "s/^\([<=>]\)/\1\1\1/" three-side-A >merged-three &&
+			-L "B^0:two" \
+			three-side-A three-base three-side-B &&
+		sed -e "s/^\([<=>]\)/\1\1/" three-side-A >merged-three &&
 
 		# Verify the index is as expected
 		git rev-parse >actual         \
@@ -1075,6 +1086,7 @@
 
 		git cat-file -p :2:two >expect &&
 		git cat-file -p :3:two >other &&
+		>empty &&
 		test_must_fail git merge-file    \
 			-L "HEAD"  -L ""  -L "B^0" \
 			expect     empty  other &&
diff --git a/t/t6043-merge-rename-directories.sh b/t/t6423-merge-rename-directories.sh
similarity index 98%
rename from t/t6043-merge-rename-directories.sh
rename to t/t6423-merge-rename-directories.sh
index 83792c5..f7ecbb8 100755
--- a/t/t6043-merge-rename-directories.sh
+++ b/t/t6423-merge-rename-directories.sh
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
 		git checkout A^0 &&
 
 		test_must_fail git -c merge.directoryRenames=true merge -s recursive B^0 >out &&
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (\(.*\)/\1)" out &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
 		test_line_count = 8 out &&
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@
 		git checkout A^0 &&
 
 		test_must_fail git -c merge.directoryRenames=true merge -s recursive B^0 >out &&
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (\(.*\)/\1)" out &&
 
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
 		test_line_count = 4 out &&
@@ -2260,24 +2260,23 @@
 #   Commit B: w/{b,c}, z/d
 #
 # Possible Resolutions:
-#   w/o dir-rename detection: z/d, CONFLICT(z/b -> y/b vs. w/b),
-#                                  CONFLICT(z/c -> y/c vs. w/c)
-#   Currently expected:       y/d, CONFLICT(z/b -> y/b vs. w/b),
-#                                  CONFLICT(z/c -> y/c vs. w/c)
-#   Optimal:                  ??
+#   if z not considered renamed: z/d, CONFLICT(z/b -> y/b vs. w/b),
+#                                     CONFLICT(z/c -> y/c vs. w/c)
+#   if z->y rename considered:   y/d, CONFLICT(z/b -> y/b vs. w/b),
+#                                     CONFLICT(z/c -> y/c vs. w/c)
+#   Optimal:                     ??
 #
 # Notes: In commit A, directory z got renamed to y.  In commit B, directory z
 #        did NOT get renamed; the directory is still present; instead it is
 #        considered to have just renamed a subset of paths in directory z
-#        elsewhere.  Therefore, the directory rename done in commit A to z/
-#        applies to z/d and maps it to y/d.
+#        elsewhere.  However, this is much like testcase 6b (where commit B
+#        moves all the original paths out of z/ but opted to keep d
+#        within z/).  This makes it hard to judge where d should end up.
 #
 #        It's possible that users would get confused about this, but what
-#        should we do instead?  Silently leaving at z/d seems just as bad or
-#        maybe even worse.  Perhaps we could print a big warning about z/d
-#        and how we're moving to y/d in this case, but when I started thinking
-#        about the ramifications of doing that, I didn't know how to rule out
-#        that opening other weird edge and corner cases so I just punted.
+#        should we do instead?  It's not at all clear to me whether z/d or
+#        y/d or something else is a better resolution here, and other cases
+#        start getting really tricky, so I just picked one.
 
 test_setup_8e () {
 	test_create_repo 8e &&
@@ -2844,6 +2843,14 @@
 #   Commit A: priority/{alpha,bravo}/$more_files
 #   Commit B: goal/{a,b}/$more_files, goal/c
 #   Expected: priority/{alpha,bravo}/$more_files, priority/c
+# We currently fail this test because the directory renames we detect are
+#   goal/a/ -> priority/alpha/
+#   goal/b/ -> priority/bravo/
+# We do not detect
+#   goal/   -> priority/
+# because of no files found within goal/, and the fact that "a" != "alpha"
+# and "b" != "bravo".  But I'm not sure it's really a failure given that
+# viewpoint...
 
 test_setup_9g () {
 	test_create_repo 9g &&
@@ -2880,6 +2887,7 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_failure '9g: Renamed directory that only contained immediate subdirs, immediate subdirs renamed' '
+	test_setup_9g &&
 	(
 		cd 9g &&
 
@@ -3362,6 +3370,7 @@
 }
 
 test_expect_failure '10e: Does git complain about untracked file that is not really in the way?' '
+	test_setup_10e &&
 	(
 		cd 10e &&
 
@@ -4403,7 +4412,7 @@
 #   Commit O: z/{b,c},   x/{d,e}
 #   Commit A: y/{b,c,d}, x/e
 #   Commit B: z/{b,c,d}, x/e
-#   Expected: y/{b,c,d}, with info or conflict messages for d (
+#   Expected: y/{b,c,d}, x/e, with info or conflict messages for d
 #             A: renamed x/d -> z/d; B: renamed z/ -> y/ AND renamed x/d to y/d
 #             One could argue A had partial knowledge of what was done with
 #             d and B had full knowledge, but that's a slippery slope as
diff --git a/t/t6044-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh b/t/t6424-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6044-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh
rename to t/t6424-merge-unrelated-index-changes.sh
diff --git a/t/t6045-merge-rename-delete.sh b/t/t6425-merge-rename-delete.sh
similarity index 72%
rename from t/t6045-merge-rename-delete.sh
rename to t/t6425-merge-rename-delete.sh
index 5d33577..f79d021 100755
--- a/t/t6045-merge-rename-delete.sh
+++ b/t/t6425-merge-rename-delete.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 	git commit -m "delete" &&
 
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive rename >output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/delete): A deleted in HEAD and renamed to B in rename. Version rename of B left in tree." output
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/delete): A.* renamed .*to B.* in rename" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/delete): A.*deleted in HEAD." output
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6046-merge-skip-unneeded-updates.sh b/t/t6426-merge-skip-unneeded-updates.sh
similarity index 99%
rename from t/t6046-merge-skip-unneeded-updates.sh
rename to t/t6426-merge-skip-unneeded-updates.sh
index 1ddc9e6..6998136 100755
--- a/t/t6046-merge-skip-unneeded-updates.sh
+++ b/t/t6426-merge-skip-unneeded-updates.sh
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@
 		export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY &&
 		test_must_fail git merge -s recursive B^0 >out 2>err &&
 
-		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename b->c" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (.*/add):" out &&
 		test_must_be_empty err &&
 
 		# Make sure c WAS updated
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
 }
 
 # NOTE: For as long as we continue using unpack_trees() without index_only
-#   set to true, it will error out on a case like this claiming the the locally
+#   set to true, it will error out on a case like this claiming that the locally
 #   modified file would be overwritten by the merge.  Getting this testcase
 #   correct requires doing the merge in-memory first, then realizing that no
 #   updates to the file are necessary, and thus that we can just leave the path
diff --git a/t/t6047-diff3-conflict-markers.sh b/t/t6427-diff3-conflict-markers.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t6047-diff3-conflict-markers.sh
rename to t/t6427-diff3-conflict-markers.sh
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t6430-merge-recursive.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
rename to t/t6430-merge-recursive.sh
diff --git a/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh b/t/t6431-merge-criscross.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
rename to t/t6431-merge-criscross.sh
diff --git a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-space-options.sh b/t/t6432-merge-recursive-space-options.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t3032-merge-recursive-space-options.sh
rename to t/t6432-merge-recursive-space-options.sh
diff --git a/t/t3033-merge-toplevel.sh b/t/t6433-merge-toplevel.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t3033-merge-toplevel.sh
rename to t/t6433-merge-toplevel.sh
diff --git a/t/t3034-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh b/t/t6434-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t3034-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh
rename to t/t6434-merge-recursive-rename-options.sh
diff --git a/t/t3035-merge-sparse.sh b/t/t6435-merge-sparse.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t3035-merge-sparse.sh
rename to t/t6435-merge-sparse.sh
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t6436-merge-overwrite.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
rename to t/t6436-merge-overwrite.sh
diff --git a/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh b/t/t6437-submodule-merge.sh
similarity index 99%
rename from t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
rename to t/t6437-submodule-merge.sh
index aa33978..6a1e5f8 100755
--- a/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t6437-submodule-merge.sh
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
        url = $TRASH_DIRECTORY/sub
 EOF
        cat >expect <<EOF &&
-U0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 sub
+U$ZERO_OID sub
 EOF
        git submodule status > actual &&
        test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
        url = $TRASH_DIRECTORY/sub
 EOF
        cat >expect <<EOF &&
-U0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 sub
+U$ZERO_OID sub
 EOF
        git submodule status > actual &&
        test_cmp expect actual &&
diff --git a/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh b/t/t6438-submodule-directory-file-conflicts.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh
rename to t/t6438-submodule-directory-file-conflicts.sh
diff --git a/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh b/t/t6439-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
similarity index 100%
rename from t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
rename to t/t6439-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
diff --git a/t/t6500-gc.sh b/t/t6500-gc.sh
index 0a69a67..4a3b8f4 100755
--- a/t/t6500-gc.sh
+++ b/t/t6500-gc.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,24 @@
 	# do not let the amount of physical memory affects gc
 	# behavior, make sure we always pack everything to one pack by
 	# default
-	git config gc.bigPackThreshold 2g
+	git config gc.bigPackThreshold 2g &&
+
+	# These are simply values which, when hashed as a blob with a newline,
+	# produce a hash where the first byte is 0x17 in their respective
+	# algorithms.
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
+	obj1 sha1:263
+	obj1 sha256:34
+
+	obj2 sha1:410
+	obj2 sha256:174
+
+	obj3 sha1:523
+	obj3 sha256:313
+
+	obj4 sha1:790
+	obj4 sha256:481
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc empty repository' '
@@ -85,13 +102,13 @@
 	# We need to create two object whose sha1s start with 17
 	# since this is what git gc counts.  As it happens, these
 	# two blobs will do so.
-	test_commit 263 &&
-	test_commit 410 &&
+	test_commit "$(test_oid obj1)" &&
+	test_commit "$(test_oid obj2)" &&
 	# Our first gc will create a pack; our second will create a second pack
 	git gc --auto &&
 	ls .git/objects/pack | sort >existing_packs &&
-	test_commit 523 &&
-	test_commit 790 &&
+	test_commit "$(test_oid obj3)" &&
+	test_commit "$(test_oid obj4)" &&
 
 	git gc --auto 2>err &&
 	test_i18ngrep ! "^warning:" err &&
diff --git a/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
index f30b484..8a3bb41 100755
--- a/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
+++ b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@
 done
 
 test_expect_success 'do not complain about existing broken links (commit)' '
-	cat >broken-commit <<-\EOF &&
-	tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
-	parent 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+	cat >broken-commit <<-EOF &&
+	tree $(test_oid 001)
+	parent $(test_oid 002)
 	author whatever <whatever@example.com> 1234 -0000
 	committer whatever <whatever@example.com> 1234 -0000
 
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not complain about existing broken links (tree)' '
-	cat >broken-tree <<-\EOF &&
-	100644 blob 0000000000000000000000000000000000000003	foo
+	cat >broken-tree <<-EOF &&
+	100644 blob $(test_oid 003)	foo
 	EOF
 	tree=$(git mktree --missing <broken-tree) &&
 	git gc -q 2>stderr &&
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not complain about existing broken links (tag)' '
-	cat >broken-tag <<-\EOF &&
-	object 0000000000000000000000000000000000000004
+	cat >broken-tag <<-EOF &&
+	object $(test_oid 004)
 	type commit
 	tag broken
 	tagger whatever <whatever@example.com> 1234 -0000
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index 36b50d0..63d5f41 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
 	date >ab.c &&
 	date >ab/d &&
 	git add ab.c ab &&
-	git commit -m 'initial' &&
+	git commit -m "initial" &&
 	git mv ab a
 '
 
@@ -248,6 +248,23 @@
 
 rm -f dirty dirty2
 
+# NB: This test is about the error message
+# as well as the failure.
+test_expect_success 'git mv error on conflicted file' '
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	>conflict &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f conflict" &&
+	cfhash=$(git hash-object -w conflict) &&
+	q_to_tab <<-EOF | git update-index --index-info &&
+	0 $cfhash 0Qconflict
+	100644 $cfhash 1Qconflict
+	EOF
+
+	test_must_fail git mv conflict newname 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "conflicted" actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index e23de7d..36477cb 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -463,10 +463,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'replace submodule revision' '
+	invalid=$(test_oid numeric) &&
 	git reset --hard original &&
 	git filter-branch -f --tree-filter \
 	    "if git ls-files --error-unmatch -- submod > /dev/null 2>&1
-	     then git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 submod
+	     then git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 $invalid submod
 	     fi" HEAD &&
 	test $orig_head != $(git show-ref --hash --head HEAD)
 '
diff --git a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
index e4cf548..2f9bea9 100755
--- a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
+++ b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
@@ -30,6 +30,31 @@
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status untracked files --ignored with pathspec (no match)' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -- untracked/i >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -- untracked/u >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked files --ignored with pathspec (literal match)' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -- untracked/ignored >actual &&
+	echo "!! untracked/ignored" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -- untracked/uncommitted >actual &&
+	echo "?? untracked/uncommitted" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked files --ignored with pathspec (glob match)' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -- untracked/i\* >actual &&
+	echo "!! untracked/ignored" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -- untracked/u\* >actual &&
+	echo "?? untracked/uncommitted" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 cat >expected <<\EOF
 ?? .gitignore
 ?? actual
diff --git a/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh b/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
index 428cff9..a682a3d 100755
--- a/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
+++ b/t/t7063-status-untracked-cache.sh
@@ -75,14 +75,24 @@
 	touch one two three done/one dtwo/two dthree/three &&
 	git add one two done/one &&
 	: >.git/info/exclude &&
-	git update-index --untracked-cache
+	git update-index --untracked-cache &&
+	test_oid_cache <<-EOF
+	root sha1:e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e
+	root sha256:b90c672088c015b9c83876e919da311bad4cd39639fb139f988af6a11493b974
+
+	exclude sha1:13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
+	exclude sha256:fe4aaa1bbbbce4cb8f73426748a14c5ad6026b26f90505a0bf2494b165a5b76c
+
+	done sha1:1946f0437f90c5005533cbe1736a6451ca301714
+	done sha256:7f079501d79f665b3acc50f5e0e9e94509084d5032ac20113a37dd5029b757cc
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'untracked cache is empty' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect-empty <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $ZERO_OID
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
 EOF
@@ -100,17 +110,17 @@
 
 cat >../dump.expect <<EOF &&
 info/exclude $EMPTY_BLOB
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
 dthree/
 dtwo/
 three
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 three
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 
@@ -190,18 +200,18 @@
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
 info/exclude $EMPTY_BLOB
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
 dthree/
 dtwo/
 four
 three
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 three
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -239,18 +249,18 @@
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
 info/exclude $EMPTY_BLOB
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dthree/
 dtwo/
 three
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 three
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -284,16 +294,16 @@
 test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dtwo/
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -303,14 +313,14 @@
 	git rm --cached two &&
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -342,17 +352,17 @@
 test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dtwo/
 two
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -362,14 +372,14 @@
 	git add two &&
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -401,16 +411,16 @@
 test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dtwo/
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -447,16 +457,16 @@
 test_expect_success 'untracked cache correct after commit' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dtwo/
-/done/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -508,17 +518,17 @@
 test_expect_success 'untracked cache correct after status' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dtwo/
-/done/ 1946f0437f90c5005533cbe1736a6451ca301714 recurse valid
+/done/ $(test_oid done) recurse valid
 five
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect ../actual
@@ -580,22 +590,22 @@
 test_expect_success 'verify untracked cache dump (sparse/subdirs)' '
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	cat >../expect-from-test-dump <<EOF &&
-info/exclude 13263c0978fb9fad16b2d580fb800b6d811c3ff0
-core.excludesfile 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+info/exclude $(test_oid exclude)
+core.excludesfile $ZERO_OID
 exclude_per_dir .gitignore
 flags 00000006
-/ e6fcc8f2ee31bae321d66afd183fcb7237afae6e recurse valid
+/ $(test_oid root) recurse valid
 .gitignore
 dtwo/
-/done/ 1946f0437f90c5005533cbe1736a6451ca301714 recurse valid
+/done/ $(test_oid done) recurse valid
 five
 sub/
-/done/sub/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/sub/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 sub/
-/done/sub/sub/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/done/sub/sub/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 file
-/dthree/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
-/dtwo/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse check_only valid
+/dthree/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
+/dtwo/ $ZERO_OID recurse check_only valid
 two
 EOF
 	test_cmp ../expect-from-test-dump ../actual
@@ -806,8 +816,8 @@
 	test-tool dump-untracked-cache >../actual &&
 	grep -F "recurse valid" ../actual >../actual.grep &&
 	cat >../expect.grep <<EOF &&
-/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
-/two/ 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 recurse valid
+/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
+/two/ $ZERO_OID recurse valid
 EOF
 	status_is_clean &&
 	test_cmp ../expect.grep ../actual.grep
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
index 97be0d9..22161b3 100755
--- a/t/t7102-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -37,17 +37,23 @@
 
 	echo "2nd line 1st file" >>first &&
 	git commit -a -m "modify 1st file" &&
+	head5p2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head5p2f=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:first) &&
 
 	git rm first &&
 	git mv second secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -m "remove 1st and rename 2nd" &&
+	head5p1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head5p1s=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:secondfile) &&
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
 	# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
 	commit_msg $test_encoding | git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -a -F - &&
-	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head5s=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:secondfile) &&
+	head5sl=$(git rev-parse HEAD:secondfile)
 '
 # git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
 
@@ -94,7 +100,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
 	touch .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
-	echo "100644 44c5b5884550c17758737edcced463447b91d42b 1	un" |
+	echo "100644 $head5sl 1	un" |
 		git update-index --index-info &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD &&
 	rm .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@
 >.diff_expect
 cat >.cached_expect <<EOF
 diff --git a/secondfile b/secondfile
-index 1bbba79..44c5b58 100644
+index $head5p1s..$head5s 100644
 --- a/secondfile
 +++ b/secondfile
 @@ -1 +1,2 @@
@@ -207,7 +213,7 @@
 EOF
 test_expect_success '--soft reset only should show changes in diff --cached' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
-	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
+	check_changes $head5p1 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
 			$head5
 '
@@ -242,7 +248,7 @@
 test_expect_success \
 	'--hard reset should change the files and undo commits permanently' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
-	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
+	check_changes $head5p2 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
 			$head4
 '
@@ -251,7 +257,7 @@
 cat >.cached_expect <<EOF
 diff --git a/first b/first
 deleted file mode 100644
-index 8206c22..0000000
+index $head5p2f..0000000
 --- a/first
 +++ /dev/null
 @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
@@ -259,14 +265,14 @@
 -2nd line 1st file
 diff --git a/second b/second
 deleted file mode 100644
-index 1bbba79..0000000
+index $head5p1s..0000000
 --- a/second
 +++ /dev/null
 @@ -1 +0,0 @@
 -2nd file
 diff --git a/secondfile b/secondfile
 new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..44c5b58
+index 0000000..$head5s
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/secondfile
 @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
@@ -286,13 +292,13 @@
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
-	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e
+	check_changes $head5p2
 '
 
 cat >.diff_expect <<EOF
 diff --git a/first b/first
 deleted file mode 100644
-index 8206c22..0000000
+index $head5p2f..0000000
 --- a/first
 +++ /dev/null
 @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
@@ -300,7 +306,7 @@
 -2nd line 1st file
 diff --git a/second b/second
 deleted file mode 100644
-index 1bbba79..0000000
+index $head5p1s..0000000
 --- a/second
 +++ /dev/null
 @@ -1 +0,0 @@
@@ -314,9 +320,8 @@
 EOF
 test_expect_success '--mixed reset to HEAD should unadd the files' '
 	git reset &&
-	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
-	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e
+	check_changes $head5p2 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = $head5p2
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -328,7 +333,7 @@
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'redoing the last two commits should succeed' '
 	git add secondfile &&
-	git reset --hard ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
+	git reset --hard $head5p2 &&
 
 	git rm first &&
 	git mv second secondfile &&
@@ -389,47 +394,55 @@
 	check_changes $head5
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-diff --git a/file1 b/file1
-index d00491f..7ed6ff8 100644
---- a/file1
-+++ b/file1
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--1
-+5
-diff --git a/file2 b/file2
-deleted file mode 100644
-index 0cfbf08..0000000
---- a/file2
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--2
-EOF
-cat > cached_expect << EOF
-diff --git a/file4 b/file4
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..b8626c4
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/file4
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+4
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'test --mixed <paths>' '
 	echo 1 > file1 &&
 	echo 2 > file2 &&
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m files &&
+	before1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:file1) &&
+	before2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:file2) &&
 	git rm file2 &&
 	echo 3 > file3 &&
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	echo 5 > file1 &&
+	after1=$(git rev-parse --short $(git hash-object file1)) &&
+	after4=$(git rev-parse --short $(git hash-object file4)) &&
 	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
 	git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff > output &&
+
+	cat > expect <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/file1 b/file1
+	index $before1..$after1 100644
+	--- a/file1
+	+++ b/file1
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-1
+	+5
+	diff --git a/file2 b/file2
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $before2..0000000
+	--- a/file2
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-2
+	EOF
+
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 	git diff --cached > output &&
+
+	cat > cached_expect <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/file4 b/file4
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$after4
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/file4
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+4
+	EOF
+
 	test_cmp cached_expect output
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7107-reset-pathspec-file.sh b/t/t7107-reset-pathspec-file.sh
index cad3a9d..15ccb14 100755
--- a/t/t7107-reset-pathspec-file.sh
+++ b/t/t7107-reset-pathspec-file.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,12 @@
 
 verify_expect () {
 	git status --porcelain -- fileA.t fileB.t fileC.t fileD.t >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	if test "x$1" = 'x!'
+	then
+		! test_cmp expect actual
+	else
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	fi
 }
 
 test_expect_success '--pathspec-from-file from stdin' '
@@ -131,7 +136,7 @@
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	 D fileA.t
 	EOF
-	test_must_fail verify_expect
+	verify_expect !
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'only touches what was listed' '
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
index b696bae..4d62b9b 100755
--- a/t/t7201-co.sh
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -230,9 +230,10 @@
 test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD (with advice declined)' '
 
 	git config advice.detachedHead false &&
+	rev=$(git rev-parse --short renamer^) &&
 	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
 	git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
-	test_i18ngrep "HEAD is now at 7329388" messages &&
+	test_i18ngrep "HEAD is now at $rev" messages &&
 	test_line_count = 1 messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
@@ -248,9 +249,10 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD' '
 	git config advice.detachedHead true &&
+	rev=$(git rev-parse --short renamer^) &&
 	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
 	GIT_TEST_GETTEXT_POISON=false git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
-	grep "HEAD is now at 7329388" messages &&
+	grep "HEAD is now at $rev" messages &&
 	test_line_count -gt 1 messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index 956e17a..fec7e02 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@
 	git submodule add /dir1/b dir1/b &&
 	git submodule add /dir2/b dir2/b &&
 	git commit -m "first submodule commit" &&
-	git submodule--helper list dir1/b |cut -c51- >actual &&
+	git submodule--helper list dir1/b | cut -f 2 >actual &&
 	echo "dir1/b" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@
 	pwd=$(pwd) &&
 	git clone file://"$pwd"/multisuper multisuper_clone &&
 	git -C multisuper_clone submodule update --init . ":(exclude)sub0" &&
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c 1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@
 	git -C multisuper_clone config submodule.active "." &&
 	git -C multisuper_clone config --add submodule.active ":(exclude)sub0" &&
 	git -C multisuper_clone submodule update --init &&
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c 1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@
 	-sub3
 	EOF
 	git -C multisuper_clone submodule update &&
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c 1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -1307,12 +1307,12 @@
 		git submodule update &&
 		git submodule status >actual_raw &&
 
-		cut -c 1,43- actual_raw >actual &&
+		cut -d" " -f3- actual_raw >actual &&
 		cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-		 sub0 (test2)
-		 sub1 (test2)
-		 sub2 (test2)
-		 sub3 (test2)
+		sub0 (test2)
+		sub1 (test2)
+		sub2 (test2)
+		sub3 (test2)
 		EOF
 		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@
 	EOF
 
 	git clone --recurse-submodules="sub0" multisuper multisuper_clone &&
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@
 		  --recurse-submodules=":(exclude)sub0" \
 		  --recurse-submodules=":(exclude)sub2" \
 		  multisuper multisuper_clone &&
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -1373,7 +1373,7 @@
 		  --recurse-submodules=":(exclude)sub4" \
 		  multisuper multisuper_clone &&
 
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	git -C multisuper submodule add ../sub1 sub4 &&
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@
 	# obtain the new superproject
 	git -C multisuper_clone pull &&
 	git -C multisuper_clone submodule update --init &&
-	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status |cut -c1,43- >actual &&
+	git -C multisuper_clone submodule status | sed "s/$OID_REGEX //" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect2 actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh b/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
index 08629a6..3fcb447 100755
--- a/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t7506-status-submodule.sh
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
 	mv output2 output
 }
 
+sanitize_diff () {
+	sed -e "/^index [0-9a-f,]*\.\.[0-9a-f]*/d" "$1"
+}
+
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_create_repo_with_commit sub &&
@@ -269,7 +273,6 @@
 short_sha1_merge_sub2=$(cd sub2 && git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 cat >diff_expect <<\EOF
 diff --cc .gitmodules
-index badaa4c,44f999a..0000000
 --- a/.gitmodules
 +++ b/.gitmodules
 @@@ -1,3 -1,3 +1,9 @@@
@@ -286,7 +289,6 @@
 
 cat >diff_submodule_expect <<\EOF
 diff --cc .gitmodules
-index badaa4c,44f999a..0000000
 --- a/.gitmodules
 +++ b/.gitmodules
 @@@ -1,3 -1,3 +1,9 @@@
@@ -306,7 +308,8 @@
 		cd super &&
 		git diff >../diff_actual 2>&1
 	) &&
-	test_cmp diff_expect diff_actual
+	sanitize_diff diff_actual >diff_sanitized &&
+	test_cmp diff_expect diff_sanitized
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with merge conflict in .gitmodules' '
@@ -314,7 +317,8 @@
 		cd super &&
 		git diff --submodule >../diff_submodule_actual 2>&1
 	) &&
-	test_cmp diff_submodule_expect diff_submodule_actual
+	sanitize_diff diff_submodule_actual >diff_sanitized &&
+	test_cmp diff_submodule_expect diff_sanitized
 '
 
 # We'll setup different cases for further testing:
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index 8e969f3..e817593 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@
 '
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
-:100644 100644 $EMPTY_BLOB 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	dir1/modified
+:100644 100644 $EMPTY_BLOB $ZERO_OID M	dir1/modified
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status refreshes the index' '
 	touch dir2/added &&
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index 1d45f9a..1c85f75 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
     ! [c4] c4
      ! [c5] c5
       ! [c6] c6
-       * [master] Merge commit 'c1' into master
+       * [master] Merge commit 'c1'
 --------
-       - [master] Merge commit 'c1' into master
+       - [master] Merge commit 'c1'
  +     * [c1] commit 1
       +  [c6] c6
      +   [c5] c5
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@
 test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 Z' >result.9z
 
 create_merge_msgs () {
-	echo "Merge tag 'c2' into master" >msg.1-5 &&
-	echo "Merge tags 'c2' and 'c3' into master" >msg.1-5-9 &&
+	echo "Merge tag 'c2'" >msg.1-5 &&
+	echo "Merge tags 'c2' and 'c3'" >msg.1-5-9 &&
 	{
 		echo "Squashed commit of the following:" &&
 		echo &&
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
 	#	file
 	EOF
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >raw &&
-	sed -e '1,/^$/d' raw >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^$/d" raw >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
 	git commit --no-edit -a &&
 
 	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	Merge tag '"'"'c7'"'"' into master
+	Merge tag '"'"'c7'"'"'
 
 	# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
 	# Do not modify or remove the line above.
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
 	#	file
 	EOF
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >raw &&
-	sed -e '1,/^$/d' raw >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^$/d" raw >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
 	#	file
 	EOF
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >raw &&
-	sed -e '1,/^$/d' raw >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^$/d" raw >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -808,10 +808,10 @@
 '
 
 cat >expected.branch <<\EOF
-Merge branch 'c5-branch' (early part) into master
+Merge branch 'c5-branch' (early part)
 EOF
 cat >expected.tag <<\EOF
-Merge commit 'c5~1' into master
+Merge commit 'c5~1'
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'merge early part of c2' '
diff --git a/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh b/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
index 2af33f1..8e7e0a5 100755
--- a/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
+++ b/t/t7608-merge-messages.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit master-2 &&
 	git merge local-branch &&
-	check_oneline "Merge branch Qlocal-branchQ into master"
+	check_oneline "Merge branch Qlocal-branchQ"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge octopus branches' '
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 	test_commit octopus-2 &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git merge octopus-a octopus-b &&
-	check_oneline "Merge branches Qoctopus-aQ and Qoctopus-bQ into master"
+	check_oneline "Merge branches Qoctopus-aQ and Qoctopus-bQ"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge tag' '
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit master-3 &&
 	git merge tag-1 &&
-	check_oneline "Merge tag Qtag-1Q into master"
+	check_oneline "Merge tag Qtag-1Q"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ambiguous tag' '
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit master-4 &&
 	git merge ambiguous &&
-	check_oneline "Merge tag QambiguousQ into master"
+	check_oneline "Merge tag QambiguousQ"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remote-tracking branch' '
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit master-5 &&
 	git merge origin/master &&
-	check_oneline "Merge remote-tracking branch Qorigin/masterQ into master"
+	check_oneline "Merge remote-tracking branch Qorigin/masterQ"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index eea048e..015973e 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 PROG='git blame -c'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	hexsz=$(test_oid hexsz)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'blame untracked file in empty repo' '
 	>untracked &&
 	test_must_fail git blame untracked
@@ -105,21 +109,32 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'blame -l aligns regular and boundary commits' '
-	check_abbrev 40 -l HEAD &&
-	check_abbrev 39 -l ^HEAD
+	check_abbrev $hexsz         -l HEAD &&
+	check_abbrev $((hexsz - 1)) -l ^HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'blame --abbrev=40 behaves like -l' '
-	check_abbrev 40 --abbrev=40 HEAD &&
-	check_abbrev 39 --abbrev=40 ^HEAD
+test_expect_success 'blame --abbrev with full length behaves like -l' '
+	check_abbrev $hexsz         --abbrev=$hexsz HEAD &&
+	check_abbrev $((hexsz - 1)) --abbrev=$hexsz ^HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--no-abbrev works like --abbrev=40' '
-	check_abbrev 40 --no-abbrev
+test_expect_success '--no-abbrev works like --abbrev with full length' '
+	check_abbrev $hexsz --no-abbrev
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--exclude-promisor-objects does not BUG-crash' '
 	test_must_fail git blame --exclude-promisor-objects one
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'blame with uncommitted edits in partial clone does not crash' '
+	git init server &&
+	echo foo >server/file.txt &&
+	git -C server add file.txt &&
+	git -C server commit -m file &&
+
+	git clone --filter=blob:none "file://$(pwd)/server" client &&
+	echo bar >>client/file.txt &&
+	git -C client blame file.txt
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
index 9130b88..ba8013b 100755
--- a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 pick_fc='s/^[0-9a-f^]* *\([^ ]*\) *(\([^ ]*\) .*/\1-\2/'
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-
 	echo A A A A A >one &&
 	echo B B B B B >two &&
 	echo C C C C C >tres &&
@@ -274,18 +273,14 @@
 	grep "A U Thor" actual
 '
 
-# Tests the splitting and merging of blame entries in blame_coalesce().
-# The output of blame is the same, regardless of whether blame_coalesce() runs
-# or not, so we'd likely only notice a problem if blame crashes or assigned
-# blame to the "splitting" commit ('SPLIT' below).
-test_expect_success 'blame coalesce' '
+test_expect_success 'setup coalesce tests' '
 	cat >giraffe <<-\EOF &&
 	ABC
 	DEF
 	EOF
 	git add giraffe &&
 	git commit -m "original file" &&
-	oid=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	orig=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 
 	cat >giraffe <<-\EOF &&
 	ABC
@@ -294,6 +289,7 @@
 	EOF
 	git add giraffe &&
 	git commit -m "interior SPLIT line" &&
+	split=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 
 	cat >giraffe <<-\EOF &&
 	ABC
@@ -301,12 +297,25 @@
 	EOF
 	git add giraffe &&
 	git commit -m "same contents as original" &&
+	final=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'blame coalesce' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	$oid 1) ABC
-	$oid 2) DEF
+	$orig 1 1 2
+	$orig 2 2
 	EOF
-	git -c core.abbrev=40 blame -s giraffe >actual &&
+	git blame --porcelain $final giraffe >actual.raw &&
+	grep "^$orig" actual.raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame does not coalesce non-adjacent result lines' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	$orig 1) ABC
+	$orig 3) DEF
+	EOF
+	git blame --no-abbrev -s -L1,1 -L3,3 $split giraffe >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t8011-blame-split-file.sh b/t/t8011-blame-split-file.sh
index 8311250..bdda0c0 100755
--- a/t/t8011-blame-split-file.sh
+++ b/t/t8011-blame-split-file.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 	cat >read-porcelain.pl <<-\EOF
 	my $field = shift;
 	while (<>) {
-		if (/^[0-9a-f]{40} /) {
+		if (/^[0-9a-f]{40,} /) {
 			flush();
 			$hash = $&;
 		} elsif (/^$field (.*)/) {
diff --git a/t/t8014-blame-ignore-fuzzy.sh b/t/t8014-blame-ignore-fuzzy.sh
index 6e61882..e68e611 100755
--- a/t/t8014-blame-ignore-fuzzy.sh
+++ b/t/t8014-blame-ignore-fuzzy.sh
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
 EOF
 
 # The first line of b matches best with the last line of a, but the overall
-# match is better if we match it with the the first line of a.
+# match is better if we match it with the first line of a.
 title11="Piggy in the middle"
 cat <<EOF >a11
 abcdefg
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index ec26108..a08f725 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		email-using-8bit \
 		2>errors >out &&
-	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed "1,/^$/d" msgtxt1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -1568,7 +1568,7 @@
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		email-using-8bit \
 		2>errors >out &&
-	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed "1,/^$/d" msgtxt1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		email-using-qp \
 		2>errors >out &&
-	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed "1,/^$/d" msgtxt1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		email-using-crlf \
 		2>errors >out &&
-	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed "1,/^$/d" msgtxt1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		email-using-crlf \
 		2>errors >out &&
-	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed "1,/^$/d" msgtxt1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -2142,4 +2142,33 @@
 		"$(pwd)/0001-add-master.patch"
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'test that sendmail config is rejected' '
+	test_config sendmail.program sendmail &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		HEAD^ 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "found configuration options for '"'"sendmail"'"'" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'test that sendmail config rejection is specific' '
+	test_config resendmail.program sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'test forbidSendmailVariables behavior override' '
+	test_config sendmail.program sendmail &&
+	test_config sendemail.forbidSendmailVariables false &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		HEAD^
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
index 9f2d19e..e4bb220 100755
--- a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -63,16 +63,16 @@
 
 
 name='detect node change from file to directory #1'
-test_expect_success "$name" "
+test_expect_success "$name" '
 	mkdir dir/new_file &&
 	mv dir/file dir/new_file/file &&
 	mv dir/new_file dir/file &&
 	git update-index --remove dir/file &&
 	git update-index --add dir/file/file &&
-	git commit -m '$name' &&
+	git commit -m "$name" &&
 	test_must_fail git svn set-tree --find-copies-harder --rmdir \
 		remotes/git-svn..mybranch
-"
+'
 
 
 name='detect node change from directory to file #1'
@@ -200,8 +200,9 @@
 export GIT_SVN_ID
 test_expect_success "$name" \
     'git svn init "$svnrepo" && git svn fetch &&
-     git rev-list --pretty=raw remotes/git-svn | grep ^tree | uniq > a &&
-     git rev-list --pretty=raw remotes/alt | grep ^tree | uniq > b &&
+     git log --format="tree %T %s" remotes/git-svn |
+	awk "!seen[\$0]++ { print \$1, \$2 }" >a &&
+     git log --format="tree %T" alt >b &&
      test_cmp a b'
 
 name='check imported tree checksums expected tree checksums'
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index e151df8..308c1ef 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 	EOF
 
 	reset refs/tags/to-be-deleted
-	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	from $ZERO_OID
 
 	tag nested
 	mark :6
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 	EOF
 
 	reset refs/tags/nested
-	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	from $ZERO_OID
 
 	tag nested
 	mark :7
@@ -284,8 +284,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'A: verify diff' '
+	copy=$(git rev-parse --verify master:file2) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 A	copy-of-file2
+	:000000 100755 $ZERO_OID $copy A	copy-of-file2
 	EOF
 	git diff-tree -M -r master verify--import-marks >actual &&
 	compare_diff_raw expect actual &&
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@
 	COMMIT
 
 	from refs/heads/master
-	M 755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001 zero1
+	M 755 $(echo $ZERO_OID | sed -e "s/0$/1/") zero1
 
 	INPUT_END
 
@@ -528,6 +529,7 @@
 test_expect_success 'C: incremental import create pack from stdin' '
 	newf=$(echo hi newf | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	oldf=$(git rev-parse --verify master:file2) &&
+	thrf=$(git rev-parse --verify master:file3) &&
 	test_tick &&
 	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/branch
@@ -570,10 +572,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'C: validate rename result' '
+	zero=$ZERO_OID &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc A	file2/newf
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2	file2/oldf
-	:100644 000000 0d92e9f3374ae2947c23aa477cbc68ce598135f1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3
+	:000000 100755 $zero $newf A	file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf R100	file2	file2/oldf
+	:100644 000000 $thrf $zero D	file3
 	EOF
 	git diff-tree -M -r master branch >actual &&
 	compare_diff_raw expect actual
@@ -614,9 +617,11 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'D: validate new files added' '
+	f5id=$(echo "$file5_data" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	f6id=$(echo "$file6_data" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 A	newdir/exec.sh
-	:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 A	newdir/interesting
+	:000000 100755 $ZERO_OID $f6id A	newdir/exec.sh
+	:000000 100644 $ZERO_OID $f5id A	newdir/interesting
 	EOF
 	git diff-tree -M -r branch^ branch >actual &&
 	compare_diff_raw expect actual
@@ -779,12 +784,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'H: validate old files removed, new files added' '
+	f4id=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file4) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/newf
-	:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/oldf
-	:100755 000000 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file4
-	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	h/e/l/lo
-	:100755 000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	newdir/exec.sh
+	:100755 000000 $newf $zero D	file2/newf
+	:100644 000000 $oldf $zero D	file2/oldf
+	:100755 000000 $f4id $zero D	file4
+	:100644 100644 $f5id $f5id R100	newdir/interesting	h/e/l/lo
+	:100755 000000 $f6id $zero D	newdir/exec.sh
 	EOF
 	git diff-tree -M -r H^ H >actual &&
 	compare_diff_raw expect actual
@@ -935,14 +941,15 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EXPECT_END &&
-	:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	b.
-	:040000 040000 0ae5cac... 443c768... M	b
-	:100644 100644 4268632... 55d3a52... M	ba
+	:100644 100644 M	b.
+	:040000 040000 M	b
+	:100644 100644 M	ba
 	EXPECT_END
 
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	GIT_PRINT_SHA1_ELLIPSIS="yes" git diff-tree --abbrev --raw L^ L >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cut -d" " -f1,2,5 output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'L: nested tree copy does not corrupt deltas' '
@@ -1004,7 +1011,7 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf R100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
 	EOF
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	git diff-tree -M -r M1^ M1 >actual &&
@@ -1025,7 +1032,7 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	file2/newf	i/am/new/to/you
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf R100	file2/newf	i/am/new/to/you
 	EOF
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	git diff-tree -M -r M2^ M2 >actual &&
@@ -1046,7 +1053,7 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	other/sub/am/new/to/you
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf R100	i/am/new/to/you	other/sub/am/new/to/you
 	EOF
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
@@ -1067,11 +1074,11 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2/oldf	sub/file2/oldf
-	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 R100	file4	sub/file4
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	sub/i/am/new/to/you
-	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 R100	newdir/exec.sh	sub/newdir/exec.sh
-	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	sub/newdir/interesting
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf R100	file2/oldf	sub/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 $f4id $f4id R100	file4	sub/file4
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf R100	i/am/new/to/you	sub/i/am/new/to/you
+	:100755 100755 $f6id $f6id R100	newdir/exec.sh	sub/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 $f5id $f5id R100	newdir/interesting	sub/newdir/interesting
 	EOF
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	git diff-tree -M -r M4^ M4 >actual &&
@@ -1097,7 +1104,7 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf C100	file2/newf	file2/n.e.w.f
 	EOF
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N1^ N1 >actual &&
@@ -1129,9 +1136,9 @@
 	INPUT_END
 
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	:100644 100644 $f5id $f5id C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
 	git fast-import <input &&
 	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N2^^ N2 >actual &&
@@ -1162,9 +1169,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'N: copy directory by id' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
 	subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
 	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
@@ -1183,9 +1190,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success PIPE 'N: read and copy directory' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
 	git update-ref -d refs/heads/N4 &&
 	rm -f backflow &&
@@ -1254,9 +1261,9 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'N: copy root directory by tree hash' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	:100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3/newf
-	:100644 000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file3/oldf
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 000000 $newf $zero D	file3/newf
+	:100644 000000 $oldf $zero D	file3/oldf
 	EOF
 	root=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0^{tree}) &&
 	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
@@ -1275,12 +1282,12 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'N: copy root by path' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	oldroot/file2/newf
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	oldroot/file2/oldf
-	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 C100	file4	oldroot/file4
-	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 C100	newdir/exec.sh	oldroot/newdir/exec.sh
-	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	oldroot/newdir/interesting
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf C100	file2/newf	oldroot/file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf C100	file2/oldf	oldroot/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 $f4id $f4id C100	file4	oldroot/file4
+	:100755 100755 $f6id $f6id C100	newdir/exec.sh	oldroot/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 $f5id $f5id C100	newdir/interesting	oldroot/newdir/interesting
 	EOF
 	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
 	commit refs/heads/N-copy-root-path
@@ -1340,10 +1347,10 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'N: modify copied tree' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
-	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
-	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 $f5id $f5id C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
+	:100755 100755 $newf $newf C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 $oldf $oldf C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
 	subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
 	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
@@ -2726,7 +2733,7 @@
 	rm -f io.marks &&
 	blob=$(echo hi | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:3 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	:3 $ZERO_OID
 	:1 $blob
 	:2 $blob
 	EOF
@@ -3077,7 +3084,7 @@
 	git branch to-delete &&
 	git fast-import <<-EOF &&
 	reset refs/heads/to-delete
-	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	from $ZERO_OID
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/to-delete
 '
@@ -3117,6 +3124,9 @@
 
 	INPUT_END
 
+	f7id=$(echo "blob 1" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	f8id=$(echo "sleep well" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
+	f9id=$(echo "au revoir" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	git fast-import <input
 '
 
@@ -3137,7 +3147,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'U: validate file delete result' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100644 000000 2907ebb4bf85d91bf0716bb3bd8a68ef48d6da76 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	good/night.txt
+	:100644 000000 $f8id $ZERO_OID D	good/night.txt
 	EOF
 
 	git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual &&
@@ -3162,7 +3172,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'U: validate directory delete result' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100644 000000 69cb75792f55123d8389c156b0b41c2ff00ed507 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	good/bye.txt
+	:100644 000000 $f9id $ZERO_OID D	good/bye.txt
 	EOF
 
 	git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual &&
@@ -3187,7 +3197,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'U: validate root delete result' '
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
-	:100644 000000 c18147dc648481eeb65dc5e66628429a64843327 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	hello.c
+	:100644 000000 $f7id $ZERO_OID D	hello.c
 	EOF
 
 	git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh b/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
index ca223dc..14c1baa 100755
--- a/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t9301-fast-import-notes.sh
@@ -470,12 +470,13 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify that lots of notes trigger a fanout scheme' '
+	hexsz=$(test_oid hexsz) &&
 
 	# None of the entries in the top-level notes tree should be a full SHA1
 	git ls-tree --name-only refs/notes/many_notes |
 	while read path
 	do
-		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge 40
+		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge $hexsz
 		then
 			return 1
 		fi
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@
 	git ls-tree --name-only refs/notes/other_notes |
 	while read path
 	do
-		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge 40
+		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge $hexsz
 		then
 			return 1
 		fi
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@
 	git ls-tree --name-only refs/notes/many_notes |
 	while read path
 	do
-		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge 40
+		if test $(expr length "$path") -ge $hexsz
 		then
 			return 1
 		fi
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@
 for sha1 in $(git rev-list -n $i refs/heads/many_commits)
 do
 	cat >>input <<INPUT_END
-N 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $sha1
+N $ZERO_OID $sha1
 INPUT_END
 done
 
@@ -646,7 +647,6 @@
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify that removing notes trigger fanout consolidation' '
-
 	# All entries in the top-level notes tree should be a full SHA1
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r refs/notes/many_notes |
 	while read path
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
 		test "$path" = "deadbeef" && continue
 		test "$path" = "de/adbeef" && continue
 
-		if test $(expr length "$path") -ne 40
+		if test $(expr length "$path") -ne $hexsz
 		then
 			return 1
 		fi
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index 690c90f..1372842 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -132,12 +132,12 @@
 	sed "s/wer/i18n/" iso-8859-7.fi |
 		(cd new &&
 		 git fast-import &&
-		 # The commit object, if not re-encoded, would be 240 bytes.
+		 # The commit object, if not re-encoded, would be 200 bytes plus hash.
 		 # Removing the "encoding iso-8859-7\n" header drops 20 bytes.
 		 # Re-encoding the Pi character from \xF0 (\360) in iso-8859-7
 		 # to \xCF\x80 (\317\200) in UTF-8 adds a byte.  Check for
 		 # the expected size.
-		 test 221 -eq "$(git cat-file -s i18n)" &&
+		 test $(($(test_oid hexsz) + 181)) -eq "$(git cat-file -s i18n)" &&
 		 # ...and for the expected translation of bytes.
 		 git cat-file commit i18n >actual &&
 		 grep $(printf "\317\200") actual &&
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@
 	sed "s/wer/i18n-no-recoding/" iso-8859-7.fi |
 		(cd new &&
 		 git fast-import &&
-		 # The commit object, if not re-encoded, is 240 bytes.
+		 # The commit object, if not re-encoded, is 200 bytes plus hash.
 		 # Removing the "encoding iso-8859-7\n" header would drops 20
 		 # bytes.  Re-encoding the Pi character from \xF0 (\360) in
 		 # iso-8859-7 to \xCF\x80 (\317\200) in UTF-8 adds a byte.
 		 # Check for the expected size...
-		 test 240 -eq "$(git cat-file -s i18n-no-recoding)" &&
+		 test $(($(test_oid hexsz) + 200)) -eq "$(git cat-file -s i18n-no-recoding)" &&
 		 # ...as well as the expected byte.
 		 git cat-file commit i18n-no-recoding >actual &&
 		 grep $(printf "\360") actual &&
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
 		 grep ^encoding actual &&
 		 # Verify that the commit has the expected size; i.e.
 		 # that no bytes were re-encoded to a different encoding.
-		 test 252 -eq "$(git cat-file -s i18n-invalid)" &&
+		 test $(($(test_oid hexsz) + 212)) -eq "$(git cat-file -s i18n-invalid)" &&
 		 # ...and check for the original special bytes
 		 grep $(printf "\360") actual &&
 		 grep $(printf "\377") actual)
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
 	git fast-export to-delete ^to-delete >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	reset refs/heads/to-delete
-	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	from $ZERO_OID
 
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@
 	git fast-export --refspec :refs/heads/to-delete >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	reset refs/heads/to-delete
-	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	from $ZERO_OID
 
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index a5e5dca..4a46f31 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
 		cd cvswork &&
 		CVS_SERVER=$WORKDIR/remote-cvs &&
 		export CVS_SERVER &&
-		test_must_fail cvs log merge
+		! cvs log merge
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index 84787ee..c7a0dd8 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -167,10 +167,10 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'updating' '
     git pull gitcvs.git &&
-    echo 'hi' > subdir/newfile.bin &&
-    echo 'junk' > subdir/file.h &&
-    echo 'hi' > subdir/newfile.c &&
-    echo 'hello' >> binfile.bin &&
+    echo "hi" >subdir/newfile.bin &&
+    echo "junk" >subdir/file.h &&
+    echo "hi" >subdir/newfile.c &&
+    echo "hello" >>binfile.bin &&
     git add subdir/newfile.bin subdir/file.h subdir/newfile.c binfile.bin &&
     git commit -q -m "Add and change some files" &&
     git push gitcvs.git >/dev/null &&
diff --git a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
index cf31ace..6436c91 100755
--- a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
 	mkdir cdir &&
 	echo "cdir/cfile" >cdir/cfile &&
 	git add -A cdir adir t3 t2 &&
-	git commit -q -m 'v1.2' &&
+	git commit -q -m "v1.2" &&
 	git tag v1.2 &&
 	git push --tags gitcvs.git b1:b1
 '
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index 267ddc9..b484e3e 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -621,12 +621,22 @@
 	 git config gitweb.snapshot "zip,tgz, tbz2" &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
 
-cat >.git/config <<\EOF
-# testing noval and alternate separator
-[gitweb]
-	blame
-	snapshot = zip tgz
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	version=$(git config core.repositoryformatversion) &&
+	algo=$(test_might_fail git config extensions.objectformat) &&
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# testing noval and alternate separator
+	[gitweb]
+		blame
+		snapshot = zip tgz
+	EOF
+	git config core.repositoryformatversion "$version" &&
+	if test -n "$algo"
+	then
+		git config extensions.objectformat "$algo"
+	fi
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
 	'config override: tree view, features enabled in repo config (2)' \
 	'gitweb_run "p=.git;a=tree"'
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
index 34cd013..e046f7d 100755
--- a/t/t9700/test.pl
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 	return $path;
 }
 
+my $oid_re = qr/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{24})?$/;
+
 BEGIN { use_ok('Git') }
 
 # set up
@@ -59,15 +61,15 @@
 open STDERR, ">&", $tmpstderr or die "cannot restore STDERR";
 
 # ident
-like($r->ident("aUthor"), qr/^A U Thor <author\@example.com> [0-9]+ \+0000$/,
+like($r->ident("aUthor"), qr/^A U Thor <author\@example.com> [0-9]+ [+-]\d{4}$/,
      "ident scalar: author (type)");
-like($r->ident("cOmmitter"), qr/^C O Mitter <committer\@example.com> [0-9]+ \+0000$/,
+like($r->ident("cOmmitter"), qr/^C O Mitter <committer\@example.com> [0-9]+ [+-]\d{4}$/,
      "ident scalar: committer (type)");
 is($r->ident("invalid"), "invalid", "ident scalar: invalid ident string (no parsing)");
 my ($name, $email, $time_tz) = $r->ident('author');
 is_deeply([$name, $email], ["A U Thor", "author\@example.com"],
 	 "ident array: author");
-like($time_tz, qr/[0-9]+ \+0000/, "ident array: author");
+like($time_tz, qr/[0-9]+ [+-]\d{4}/, "ident array: author");
 is_deeply([$r->ident("Name <email> 123 +0000")], ["Name", "email", "123 +0000"],
 	  "ident array: ident string");
 is_deeply([$r->ident("invalid")], [], "ident array: invalid ident string");
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@
 open TEMPFILE, ">$tmpfile" or die "Can't open $tmpfile: $!";
 print TEMPFILE my $test_text = "test blob, to be inserted\n";
 close TEMPFILE or die "Failed writing to $tmpfile: $!";
-like(our $newhash = $r->hash_and_insert_object($tmpfile), qr/[0-9a-fA-F]{40}/,
+like(our $newhash = $r->hash_and_insert_object($tmpfile), $oid_re,
      "hash_and_insert_object: returns hash");
 open TEMPFILE, "+>$tmpfile" or die "Can't open $tmpfile: $!";
 is($r->cat_blob($newhash, \*TEMPFILE), length $test_text, "cat_blob: roundtrip size");
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@
 
 # commands in sub directory
 my $last_commit = $r2->command_oneline(qw(rev-parse --verify HEAD));
-like($last_commit, qr/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/, 'rev-parse returned hash');
+like($last_commit, $oid_re, 'rev-parse returned hash');
 my $dir_commit = $r2->command_oneline('log', '-n1', '--pretty=format:%H', '.');
 isnt($last_commit, $dir_commit, 'log . does not show last commit');
 
diff --git a/t/t9834-git-p4-file-dir-bug.sh b/t/t9834-git-p4-file-dir-bug.sh
index 031e1f8..dac67e8 100755
--- a/t/t9834-git-p4-file-dir-bug.sh
+++ b/t/t9834-git-p4-file-dir-bug.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
 	start_p4d &&
-	test_might_fail p4 configure set submit.collision.check=0
+	{ p4 configure set submit.collision.check=0 || :; }
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init depot' '
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 3103be8..6a8e194 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -798,6 +798,37 @@
 	return 1
 }
 
+# Returns success if the arguments indicate that a command should be
+# accepted by test_must_fail(). If the command is run with env, the env
+# and its corresponding variable settings will be stripped before we
+# test the command being run.
+test_must_fail_acceptable () {
+	if test "$1" = "env"
+	then
+		shift
+		while test $# -gt 0
+		do
+			case "$1" in
+			*?=*)
+				shift
+				;;
+			*)
+				break
+				;;
+			esac
+		done
+	fi
+
+	case "$1" in
+	git|__git*|test-tool|test-svn-fe|test_terminal)
+		return 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		return 1
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
 # This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
 # but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
 #
@@ -817,6 +848,17 @@
 #     Multiple signals can be specified as a comma separated list.
 #     Currently recognized signal names are: sigpipe, success.
 #     (Don't use 'success', use 'test_might_fail' instead.)
+#
+# Do not use this to run anything but "git" and other specific testable
+# commands (see test_must_fail_acceptable()).  We are not in the
+# business of vetting system supplied commands -- in other words, this
+# is wrong:
+#
+#    test_must_fail grep pattern output
+#
+# Instead use '!':
+#
+#    ! grep pattern output
 
 test_must_fail () {
 	case "$1" in
@@ -828,6 +870,11 @@
 		_test_ok=
 		;;
 	esac
+	if ! test_must_fail_acceptable "$@"
+	then
+		echo >&7 "test_must_fail: only 'git' is allowed: $*"
+		return 1
+	fi
 	"$@" 2>&7
 	exit_code=$?
 	if test $exit_code -eq 0 && ! list_contains "$_test_ok" success
@@ -905,7 +952,13 @@
 # - not all diff versions understand "-u"
 
 test_cmp() {
-	eval "$GIT_TEST_CMP" '"$@"'
+	test $# -eq 2 || BUG "test_cmp requires two arguments"
+	if ! eval "$GIT_TEST_CMP" '"$@"'
+	then
+		test "x$1" = x- || test -e "$1" || BUG "test_cmp '$1' missing"
+		test "x$2" = x- || test -e "$2" || BUG "test_cmp '$2' missing"
+		return 1
+	fi
 }
 
 # Check that the given config key has the expected value.
@@ -934,7 +987,13 @@
 # test_cmp_bin - helper to compare binary files
 
 test_cmp_bin() {
-	cmp "$@"
+	test $# -eq 2 || BUG "test_cmp_bin requires two arguments"
+	if ! cmp "$@"
+	then
+		test "x$1" = x- || test -e "$1" || BUG "test_cmp_bin '$1' missing"
+		test "x$2" = x- || test -e "$2" || BUG "test_cmp_bin '$2' missing"
+		return 1
+	fi
 }
 
 # Use this instead of test_cmp to compare files that contain expected and
@@ -1417,9 +1476,7 @@
 
 # Detect the hash algorithm in use.
 test_detect_hash () {
-	# Currently we only support SHA-1, but in the future this function will
-	# actually detect the algorithm in use.
-	test_hash_algo='sha1'
+	test_hash_algo="${GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH:-sha1}"
 }
 
 # Load common hash metadata and common placeholder object IDs for use with
@@ -1468,7 +1525,17 @@
 # Look up a per-hash value based on a key ($1).  The value must have been loaded
 # by test_oid_init or test_oid_cache.
 test_oid () {
-	local var="test_oid_${test_hash_algo}_$1" &&
+	local algo="${test_hash_algo}" &&
+
+	case "$1" in
+	--hash=*)
+		algo="${1#--hash=}" &&
+		shift;;
+	*)
+		;;
+	esac &&
+
+	local var="test_oid_${algo}_$1" &&
 
 	# If the variable is unset, we must be missing an entry for this
 	# key-hash pair, so exit with an error.
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 618a7c8..ef31f40 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -441,17 +441,23 @@
 TEST_AUTHOR_DOMAIN=example.com
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=${TEST_AUTHOR_LOCALNAME}@${TEST_AUTHOR_DOMAIN}
 GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
+GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='1112354055 +0200'
 TEST_COMMITTER_LOCALNAME=committer
 TEST_COMMITTER_DOMAIN=example.com
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=${TEST_COMMITTER_LOCALNAME}@${TEST_COMMITTER_DOMAIN}
 GIT_COMMITTER_NAME='C O Mitter'
+GIT_COMMITTER_DATE='1112354055 +0200'
 GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=5
 GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no
 export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
 export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
 export EDITOR
 
+GIT_DEFAULT_HASH="${GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH:-sha1}"
+export GIT_DEFAULT_HASH
+
 # Tests using GIT_TRACE typically don't want <timestamp> <file>:<line> output
 GIT_TRACE_BARE=1
 export GIT_TRACE_BARE
@@ -1686,7 +1692,11 @@
 # which will not work with other hash algorithms and tests that work but don't
 # test anything meaningful (e.g. special values which cause short collisions).
 test_lazy_prereq SHA1 '
-	test $(git hash-object /dev/null) = e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+	case "$GIT_DEFAULT_HASH" in
+	sha1) true ;;
+	"") test $(git hash-object /dev/null) = e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 ;;
+	*) false ;;
+	esac
 '
 
 test_lazy_prereq REBASE_P '
diff --git a/tmp-objdir.c b/tmp-objdir.c
index 91c0056..42ed4db 100644
--- a/tmp-objdir.c
+++ b/tmp-objdir.c
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
 
 struct tmp_objdir {
 	struct strbuf path;
-	struct argv_array env;
+	struct strvec env;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 static void tmp_objdir_free(struct tmp_objdir *t)
 {
 	strbuf_release(&t->path);
-	argv_array_clear(&t->env);
+	strvec_clear(&t->env);
 	free(t);
 }
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
  * separated by PATH_SEP (which is what separate values in
  * GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES).
  */
-static void env_append(struct argv_array *env, const char *key, const char *val)
+static void env_append(struct strvec *env, const char *key, const char *val)
 {
 	struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *old;
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@
 
 	old = getenv(key);
 	if (!old)
-		argv_array_pushf(env, "%s=%s", key, val);
+		strvec_pushf(env, "%s=%s", key, val);
 	else
-		argv_array_pushf(env, "%s=%s%c%s", key, old, PATH_SEP, val);
+		strvec_pushf(env, "%s=%s%c%s", key, old, PATH_SEP, val);
 
 	strbuf_release(&quoted);
 }
 
-static void env_replace(struct argv_array *env, const char *key, const char *val)
+static void env_replace(struct strvec *env, const char *key, const char *val)
 {
-	argv_array_pushf(env, "%s=%s", key, val);
+	strvec_pushf(env, "%s=%s", key, val);
 }
 
 static int setup_tmp_objdir(const char *root)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 
 	t = xmalloc(sizeof(*t));
 	strbuf_init(&t->path, 0);
-	argv_array_init(&t->env);
+	strvec_init(&t->env);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&t->path, "%s/incoming-XXXXXX", get_object_directory());
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
 {
 	if (!t)
 		return NULL;
-	return t->env.argv;
+	return t->env.v;
 }
 
 void tmp_objdir_add_as_alternate(const struct tmp_objdir *t)
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index c6b753b..defafbf 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "refspec.h"
 #include "transport-internal.h"
@@ -128,17 +128,17 @@
 	helper->in = -1;
 	helper->out = -1;
 	helper->err = 0;
-	argv_array_pushf(&helper->args, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
-	argv_array_push(&helper->args, transport->remote->name);
-	argv_array_push(&helper->args, remove_ext_force(transport->url));
+	strvec_pushf(&helper->args, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
+	strvec_push(&helper->args, transport->remote->name);
+	strvec_push(&helper->args, remove_ext_force(transport->url));
 	helper->git_cmd = 0;
 	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
 
 	if (have_git_dir())
-		argv_array_pushf(&helper->env_array, "%s=%s",
-				 GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, get_git_dir());
+		strvec_pushf(&helper->env_array, "%s=%s",
+			     GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, get_git_dir());
 
-	helper->trace2_child_class = helper->args.argv[0]; /* "remote-<name>" */
+	helper->trace2_child_class = helper->args.v[0]; /* "remote-<name>" */
 
 	code = start_command(helper);
 	if (code < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
@@ -439,13 +439,13 @@
 	int cat_blob_fd, code;
 	child_process_init(fastimport);
 	fastimport->in = xdup(helper->out);
-	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, "fast-import");
-	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, "--allow-unsafe-features");
-	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, debug ? "--stats" : "--quiet");
+	strvec_push(&fastimport->args, "fast-import");
+	strvec_push(&fastimport->args, "--allow-unsafe-features");
+	strvec_push(&fastimport->args, debug ? "--stats" : "--quiet");
 
 	if (data->bidi_import) {
 		cat_blob_fd = xdup(helper->in);
-		argv_array_pushf(&fastimport->args, "--cat-blob-fd=%d", cat_blob_fd);
+		strvec_pushf(&fastimport->args, "--cat-blob-fd=%d", cat_blob_fd);
 	}
 	fastimport->git_cmd = 1;
 
@@ -466,17 +466,17 @@
 	/* we need to duplicate helper->in because we want to use it after
 	 * fastexport is done with it. */
 	fastexport->out = dup(helper->in);
-	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "fast-export");
-	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "--use-done-feature");
-	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, data->signed_tags ?
+	strvec_push(&fastexport->args, "fast-export");
+	strvec_push(&fastexport->args, "--use-done-feature");
+	strvec_push(&fastexport->args, data->signed_tags ?
 		"--signed-tags=verbatim" : "--signed-tags=warn-strip");
 	if (data->export_marks)
-		argv_array_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--export-marks=%s.tmp", data->export_marks);
+		strvec_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--export-marks=%s.tmp", data->export_marks);
 	if (data->import_marks)
-		argv_array_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--import-marks=%s", data->import_marks);
+		strvec_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--import-marks=%s", data->import_marks);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < revlist_args->nr; i++)
-		argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, revlist_args->items[i].string);
+		strvec_push(&fastexport->args, revlist_args->items[i].string);
 
 	fastexport->git_cmd = 1;
 	return start_command(fastexport);
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@
 }
 
 static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push,
-				 const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes)
+				 const struct strvec *ref_prefixes)
 {
 	get_helper(transport);
 
diff --git a/transport-internal.h b/transport-internal.h
index 1cde625..27c9daf 100644
--- a/transport-internal.h
+++ b/transport-internal.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 struct ref;
 struct transport;
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 
 struct transport_vtable {
 	/**
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	 * in the ref's old_sha1 field; otherwise it should be all 0.
 	 **/
 	struct ref *(*get_refs_list)(struct transport *transport, int for_push,
-				     const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes);
+				     const struct strvec *ref_prefixes);
 
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the objects for the given refs. Note that this gets
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index b41386e..419be0b 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 
 static struct ref *get_refs_from_bundle(struct transport *transport,
 					int for_push,
-					const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes)
+					const struct strvec *ref_prefixes)
 {
 	struct bundle_transport_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct ref *result = NULL;
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
  * remote refs.
  */
 static struct ref *handshake(struct transport *transport, int for_push,
-			     const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes,
+			     const struct strvec *ref_prefixes,
 			     int must_list_refs)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
 }
 
 static struct ref *get_refs_via_connect(struct transport *transport, int for_push,
-					const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes)
+					const struct strvec *ref_prefixes)
 {
 	return handshake(transport, for_push, ref_prefixes, 1);
 }
@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@
 	if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK && ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 		return;
 
+	memset(&rs, 0, sizeof(rs));
 	rs.src = ref->name;
 	rs.dst = NULL;
 
@@ -1153,7 +1154,7 @@
 		int porcelain = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN;
 		int pretend = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN;
 		int push_ret, ret, err;
-		struct argv_array ref_prefixes = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec ref_prefixes = STRVEC_INIT;
 
 		if (check_push_refs(local_refs, rs) < 0)
 			return -1;
@@ -1165,7 +1166,7 @@
 							       &ref_prefixes);
 		trace2_region_leave("transport_push", "get_refs_list", r);
 
-		argv_array_clear(&ref_prefixes);
+		strvec_clear(&ref_prefixes);
 
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_ALL;
@@ -1281,7 +1282,7 @@
 }
 
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport,
-					    const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes)
+					    const struct strvec *ref_prefixes)
 {
 	if (!transport->got_remote_refs) {
 		transport->remote_refs =
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index b3c3013..1be4013 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
  * ref_prefixes.
  */
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport,
-					    const struct argv_array *ref_prefixes);
+					    const struct strvec *ref_prefixes);
 
 /*
  * Fetch the hash algorithm used by a remote.
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index f3d303c..6ebad1a 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
 	struct combine_diff_path *p, const struct object_id *oid,
 	const struct object_id **parents_oid, int nparent,
 	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
-static int ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-			    const struct object_id *new_oid,
-			    struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+static void ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+			     const struct object_id *new_oid,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 
 /*
  * Compare two tree entries, taking into account only path/S_ISDIR(mode),
@@ -679,9 +679,9 @@
 	q->nr = 1;
 }
 
-static int ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-			    const struct object_id *new_oid,
-			    struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+static void ll_diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+			     const struct object_id *new_oid,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	struct combine_diff_path phead, *p;
 	pathchange_fn_t pathchange_old = opt->pathchange;
@@ -697,29 +697,27 @@
 	}
 
 	opt->pathchange = pathchange_old;
-	return 0;
 }
 
-int diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
-		  const struct object_id *new_oid,
-		  const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
+void diff_tree_oid(const struct object_id *old_oid,
+		   const struct object_id *new_oid,
+		   const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf base;
-	int retval;
 
 	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
 	strbuf_addstr(&base, base_str);
 
-	retval = ll_diff_tree_oid(old_oid, new_oid, &base, opt);
+	ll_diff_tree_oid(old_oid, new_oid, &base, opt);
 	if (!*base_str && opt->flags.follow_renames && diff_might_be_rename())
 		try_to_follow_renames(old_oid, new_oid, &base, opt);
 
 	strbuf_release(&base);
-
-	return retval;
 }
 
-int diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+void diff_root_tree_oid(const struct object_id *new_oid,
+			const char *base,
+			struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	return diff_tree_oid(NULL, new_oid, base, opt);
+	diff_tree_oid(NULL, new_oid, base, opt);
 }
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index bb0ad34..0160294 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -851,7 +851,14 @@
 	if (matchlen > pathlen) {
 		if (match[pathlen] != '/')
 			return 0;
-		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode) && !S_ISGITLINK(entry->mode))
+		/*
+		 * Reject non-directories as partial pathnames, except
+		 * when match is a submodule with a trailing slash and
+		 * nothing else (to handle 'submod/' and 'submod'
+		 * uniformly).
+		 */
+		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode) &&
+		    (!S_ISGITLINK(entry->mode) || matchlen > pathlen + 1))
 			return 0;
 	}
 
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 4be5fc3..323280d 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "repository.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 	const char **msgs = opts->msgs;
 	const char *msg;
 
-	argv_array_init(&opts->msgs_to_free);
+	strvec_init(&opts->msgs_to_free);
 
 	if (!strcmp(cmd, "checkout"))
 		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 			  "Please commit your changes or stash them before you %s.")
 		      : _("Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s");
 	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE] = msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] =
-		argv_array_pushf(&opts->msgs_to_free, msg, cmd, cmd);
+		strvec_pushf(&opts->msgs_to_free, msg, cmd, cmd);
 
 	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR] =
 		_("Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in them:\n%s");
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
 			  "Please move or remove them before you %s.")
 		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be removed by %s:\n%%s");
 	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED] =
-		argv_array_pushf(&opts->msgs_to_free, msg, cmd, cmd);
+		strvec_pushf(&opts->msgs_to_free, msg, cmd, cmd);
 
 	if (!strcmp(cmd, "checkout"))
 		msg = advice_commit_before_merge
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 			  "Please move or remove them before you %s.")
 		      : _("The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s");
 	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN] =
-		argv_array_pushf(&opts->msgs_to_free, msg, cmd, cmd);
+		strvec_pushf(&opts->msgs_to_free, msg, cmd, cmd);
 
 	/*
 	 * Special case: ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP refers to a pair of paths, we
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 
 void clear_unpack_trees_porcelain(struct unpack_trees_options *opts)
 {
-	argv_array_clear(&opts->msgs_to_free);
+	strvec_clear(&opts->msgs_to_free);
 	memset(opts->msgs, 0, sizeof(opts->msgs));
 }
 
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
index 9c2f082..2e87875 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.h
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define UNPACK_TREES_H
 
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 	merge_fn_t fn;
 	const char *msgs[NB_UNPACK_TREES_WARNING_TYPES];
-	struct argv_array msgs_to_free;
+	struct strvec msgs_to_free;
 	/*
 	 * Store error messages in an array, each case
 	 * corresponding to a error message type
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index 951a2b2..3b858eb 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "version.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "prio-queue.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
 #include "quote.h"
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
 	enum allow_uor allow_uor;
 
 	struct list_objects_filter_options filter_options;
+	struct string_list allowed_filters;
 
 	struct packet_writer writer;
 
@@ -103,6 +104,8 @@
 	unsigned no_progress : 1;
 	unsigned use_include_tag : 1;
 	unsigned allow_filter : 1;
+	unsigned allow_filter_fallback : 1;
+	unsigned long tree_filter_max_depth;
 
 	unsigned done : 1;					/* v2 only */
 	unsigned allow_ref_in_want : 1;				/* v2 only */
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@
 	struct string_list deepen_not = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct string_list uri_protocols = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct object_array extra_edge_obj = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct string_list allowed_filters = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	memset(data, 0, sizeof(*data));
 	data->symref = symref;
@@ -131,6 +135,9 @@
 	data->deepen_not = deepen_not;
 	data->uri_protocols = uri_protocols;
 	data->extra_edge_obj = extra_edge_obj;
+	data->allowed_filters = allowed_filters;
+	data->allow_filter_fallback = 1;
+	data->tree_filter_max_depth = ULONG_MAX;
 	packet_writer_init(&data->writer, 1);
 
 	data->keepalive = 5;
@@ -147,6 +154,7 @@
 	string_list_clear(&data->deepen_not, 0);
 	object_array_clear(&data->extra_edge_obj);
 	list_objects_filter_release(&data->filter_options);
+	string_list_clear(&data->allowed_filters, 1);
 
 	free((char *)data->pack_objects_hook);
 }
@@ -269,45 +277,44 @@
 	if (!pack_data->pack_objects_hook)
 		pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
 	else {
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, pack_data->pack_objects_hook);
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "git");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, pack_data->pack_objects_hook);
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "git");
 		pack_objects.use_shell = 1;
 	}
 
 	if (pack_data->shallow_nr) {
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--shallow-file");
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--shallow-file");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "");
 	}
-	argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "pack-objects");
-	argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--revs");
+	strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "pack-objects");
+	strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--revs");
 	if (pack_data->use_thin_pack)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--thin");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--thin");
 
-	argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--stdout");
+	strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--stdout");
 	if (pack_data->shallow_nr)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--shallow");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--shallow");
 	if (!pack_data->no_progress)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--progress");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--progress");
 	if (pack_data->use_ofs_delta)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--delta-base-offset");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--delta-base-offset");
 	if (pack_data->use_include_tag)
-		argv_array_push(&pack_objects.args, "--include-tag");
+		strvec_push(&pack_objects.args, "--include-tag");
 	if (pack_data->filter_options.choice) {
 		const char *spec =
 			expand_list_objects_filter_spec(&pack_data->filter_options);
 		if (pack_objects.use_shell) {
 			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			sq_quote_buf(&buf, spec);
-			argv_array_pushf(&pack_objects.args, "--filter=%s", buf.buf);
+			strvec_pushf(&pack_objects.args, "--filter=%s", buf.buf);
 			strbuf_release(&buf);
 		} else {
-			argv_array_pushf(&pack_objects.args, "--filter=%s",
-					 spec);
+			strvec_pushf(&pack_objects.args, "--filter=%s", spec);
 		}
 	}
 	if (uri_protocols) {
 		for (i = 0; i < uri_protocols->nr; i++)
-			argv_array_pushf(&pack_objects.args, "--uri-protocol=%s",
+			strvec_pushf(&pack_objects.args, "--uri-protocol=%s",
 					 uri_protocols->items[i].string);
 	}
 
@@ -482,7 +489,8 @@
 {
 	if (get_oid_hex(hex, oid))
 		die("git upload-pack: expected SHA1 object, got '%s'", hex);
-	if (!has_object_file(oid))
+	if (!has_object_file_with_flags(oid,
+					OBJECT_INFO_QUICK | OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT))
 		return -1;
 	return do_got_oid(data, oid);
 }
@@ -595,9 +603,8 @@
 		"rev-list", "--stdin", NULL,
 	};
 	struct object *o;
-	char namebuf[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 2]; /* ^ + hash + LF */
+	FILE *cmd_in = NULL;
 	int i;
-	const unsigned hexsz = the_hash_algo->hexsz;
 
 	cmd->argv = argv;
 	cmd->git_cmd = 1;
@@ -615,8 +622,8 @@
 	if (start_command(cmd))
 		goto error;
 
-	namebuf[0] = '^';
-	namebuf[hexsz + 1] = '\n';
+	cmd_in = xfdopen(cmd->in, "w");
+
 	for (i = get_max_object_index(); 0 < i; ) {
 		o = get_indexed_object(--i);
 		if (!o)
@@ -625,11 +632,9 @@
 			o->flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
 		if (!is_our_ref(o, allow_uor))
 			continue;
-		memcpy(namebuf + 1, oid_to_hex(&o->oid), hexsz);
-		if (write_in_full(cmd->in, namebuf, hexsz + 2) < 0)
+		if (fprintf(cmd_in, "^%s\n", oid_to_hex(&o->oid)) < 0)
 			goto error;
 	}
-	namebuf[hexsz] = '\n';
 	for (i = 0; i < src->nr; i++) {
 		o = src->objects[i].item;
 		if (is_our_ref(o, allow_uor)) {
@@ -639,11 +644,12 @@
 		}
 		if (reachable && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 			o->flags |= TMP_MARK;
-		memcpy(namebuf, oid_to_hex(&o->oid), hexsz);
-		if (write_in_full(cmd->in, namebuf, hexsz + 1) < 0)
+		if (fprintf(cmd_in, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(&o->oid)) < 0)
 			goto error;
 	}
-	close(cmd->in);
+	if (ferror(cmd_in) || fflush(cmd_in))
+		goto error;
+	fclose(cmd_in);
 	cmd->in = -1;
 	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 
@@ -652,8 +658,8 @@
 error:
 	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 
-	if (cmd->in >= 0)
-		close(cmd->in);
+	if (cmd_in)
+		fclose(cmd_in);
 	if (cmd->out >= 0)
 		close(cmd->out);
 	return -1;
@@ -731,7 +737,6 @@
 	return 0;
 
 error:
-	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 	if (cmd.out >= 0)
 		close(cmd.out);
 	return 1;
@@ -880,26 +885,26 @@
 		deepen(data, data->depth);
 		ret = 1;
 	} else if (data->deepen_rev_list) {
-		struct argv_array av = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+		struct strvec av = STRVEC_INIT;
 		int i;
 
-		argv_array_push(&av, "rev-list");
+		strvec_push(&av, "rev-list");
 		if (data->deepen_since)
-			argv_array_pushf(&av, "--max-age=%"PRItime, data->deepen_since);
+			strvec_pushf(&av, "--max-age=%"PRItime, data->deepen_since);
 		if (data->deepen_not.nr) {
-			argv_array_push(&av, "--not");
+			strvec_push(&av, "--not");
 			for (i = 0; i < data->deepen_not.nr; i++) {
 				struct string_list_item *s = data->deepen_not.items + i;
-				argv_array_push(&av, s->string);
+				strvec_push(&av, s->string);
 			}
-			argv_array_push(&av, "--not");
+			strvec_push(&av, "--not");
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < data->want_obj.nr; i++) {
 			struct object *o = data->want_obj.objects[i].item;
-			argv_array_push(&av, oid_to_hex(&o->oid));
+			strvec_push(&av, oid_to_hex(&o->oid));
 		}
-		deepen_by_rev_list(data, av.argc, av.argv);
-		argv_array_clear(&av);
+		deepen_by_rev_list(data, av.nr, av.v);
+		strvec_clear(&av);
 		ret = 1;
 	} else {
 		if (data->shallows.nr > 0) {
@@ -983,6 +988,63 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+NORETURN __attribute__((format(printf,2,3)))
+static void send_err_and_die(struct upload_pack_data *data,
+			     const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	packet_writer_error(&data->writer, "%s", buf.buf);
+	die("%s", buf.buf);
+}
+
+static void check_one_filter(struct upload_pack_data *data,
+			     struct list_objects_filter_options *opts)
+{
+	const char *key = list_object_filter_config_name(opts->choice);
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_lookup(&data->allowed_filters,
+							   key);
+	int allowed;
+
+	if (item)
+		allowed = (intptr_t)item->util;
+	else
+		allowed = data->allow_filter_fallback;
+
+	if (!allowed)
+		send_err_and_die(data, "filter '%s' not supported", key);
+
+	if (opts->choice == LOFC_TREE_DEPTH &&
+	    opts->tree_exclude_depth > data->tree_filter_max_depth)
+		send_err_and_die(data,
+				 "tree filter allows max depth %lu, but got %lu",
+				 data->tree_filter_max_depth,
+				 opts->tree_exclude_depth);
+}
+
+static void check_filter_recurse(struct upload_pack_data *data,
+				 struct list_objects_filter_options *opts)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	check_one_filter(data, opts);
+	if (opts->choice != LOFC_COMBINE)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < opts->sub_nr; i++)
+		check_filter_recurse(data, &opts->sub[i]);
+}
+
+static void die_if_using_banned_filter(struct upload_pack_data *data)
+{
+	check_filter_recurse(data, &data->filter_options);
+}
+
 static void receive_needs(struct upload_pack_data *data,
 			  struct packet_reader *reader)
 {
@@ -1013,6 +1075,7 @@
 				die("git upload-pack: filtering capability not negotiated");
 			list_objects_filter_die_if_populated(&data->filter_options);
 			parse_list_objects_filter(&data->filter_options, arg);
+			die_if_using_banned_filter(data);
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -1170,6 +1233,41 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int parse_object_filter_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+				       struct upload_pack_data *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *sub, *key;
+	size_t sub_len;
+
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "uploadpackfilter", &sub, &sub_len, &key))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!sub) {
+		if (!strcmp(key, "allow"))
+			data->allow_filter_fallback = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_add(&buf, sub, sub_len);
+
+	if (!strcmp(key, "allow"))
+		string_list_insert(&data->allowed_filters, buf.buf)->util =
+			(void *)(intptr_t)git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "tree") && !strcmp(key, "maxdepth")) {
+		if (!value) {
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		}
+		string_list_insert(&data->allowed_filters, buf.buf)->util =
+			(void *)(intptr_t)1;
+		data->tree_filter_max_depth = git_config_ulong(var, value);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int upload_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct upload_pack_data *data = cb_data;
@@ -1209,6 +1307,8 @@
 			return git_config_string(&data->pack_objects_hook, var, value);
 	}
 
+	parse_object_filter_config(var, value, data);
+
 	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
 }
 
@@ -1389,6 +1489,7 @@
 		if (data->allow_filter && skip_prefix(arg, "filter ", &p)) {
 			list_objects_filter_die_if_populated(&data->filter_options);
 			parse_list_objects_filter(&data->filter_options, p);
+			die_if_using_banned_filter(data);
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -1423,7 +1524,8 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < data->haves.nr; i++) {
 		const struct object_id *oid = &data->haves.oid[i];
 
-		if (!has_object_file(oid))
+		if (!has_object_file_with_flags(oid,
+						OBJECT_INFO_QUICK | OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT))
 			continue;
 
 		oid_array_append(common, oid);
@@ -1521,7 +1623,7 @@
 	FETCH_DONE,
 };
 
-int upload_pack_v2(struct repository *r, struct argv_array *keys,
+int upload_pack_v2(struct repository *r, struct strvec *keys,
 		   struct packet_reader *request)
 {
 	enum fetch_state state = FETCH_PROCESS_ARGS;
diff --git a/upload-pack.h b/upload-pack.h
index 4bafe16..27ddcdc 100644
--- a/upload-pack.h
+++ b/upload-pack.h
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 void upload_pack(struct upload_pack_options *options);
 
 struct repository;
-struct argv_array;
+struct strvec;
 struct packet_reader;
-int upload_pack_v2(struct repository *r, struct argv_array *keys,
+int upload_pack_v2(struct repository *r, struct strvec *keys,
 		   struct packet_reader *request);
 
 struct strbuf;
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index 1df884e..fde02f2 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -46,10 +46,14 @@
 	 /* Not real operators, but should be grouped */
 	 "|:?%[A-Za-z0-9_.]\\{\\}?"),
 IPATTERN("fortran",
+	 /* Don't match comment lines */
 	 "!^([C*]|[ \t]*!)\n"
+	 /* Don't match 'module procedure' lines */
 	 "!^[ \t]*MODULE[ \t]+PROCEDURE[ \t]\n"
+	 /* Program, module, block data */
 	 "^[ \t]*((END[ \t]+)?(PROGRAM|MODULE|BLOCK[ \t]+DATA"
-		"|([^'\" \t]+[ \t]+)*(SUBROUTINE|FUNCTION))[ \t]+[A-Z].*)$",
+		/* Subroutines and functions */
+		"|([^!'\" \t]+[ \t]+)*(SUBROUTINE|FUNCTION))[ \t]+[A-Z].*)$",
 	 /* -- */
 	 "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
 	 "|\\.([Ee][Qq]|[Nn][Ee]|[Gg][TtEe]|[Ll][TtEe]|[Tt][Rr][Uu][Ee]|[Ff][Aa][Ll][Ss][Ee]|[Aa][Nn][Dd]|[Oo][Rr]|[Nn]?[Ee][Qq][Vv]|[Nn][Oo][Tt])\\."
diff --git a/worktree.c b/worktree.c
index cba2e54..62217b4 100644
--- a/worktree.c
+++ b/worktree.c
@@ -49,10 +49,8 @@
 	struct worktree *worktree = NULL;
 	struct strbuf worktree_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&worktree_path, get_git_common_dir());
-	if (!strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git/.") && /* in .git */
-	    !strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git")) /* in worktree */
-		strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/."); /* in bare repo */
+	strbuf_add_real_path(&worktree_path, get_git_common_dir());
+	strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git");
 
 	worktree = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*worktree));
 	worktree->path = strbuf_detach(&worktree_path, NULL);
@@ -66,8 +64,6 @@
 	worktree->is_bare = (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) ||
 		is_bare_repository();
 	add_head_info(worktree);
-
-	strbuf_release(&worktree_path);
 	return worktree;
 }
 
@@ -84,16 +80,8 @@
 	if (strbuf_read_file(&worktree_path, path.buf, 0) <= 0)
 		/* invalid gitdir file */
 		goto done;
-
 	strbuf_rtrim(&worktree_path);
-	if (!strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git")) {
-		strbuf_reset(&worktree_path);
-		strbuf_add_absolute_path(&worktree_path, ".");
-		strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.");
-	}
-
-	strbuf_reset(&path);
-	strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/worktrees/%s/HEAD", get_git_common_dir(), id);
+	strbuf_strip_suffix(&worktree_path, "/.git");
 
 	worktree = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*worktree));
 	worktree->path = strbuf_detach(&worktree_path, NULL);
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index c560cbe..bb0f912 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "strvec.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		return;
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	dir_init(&dir);
 	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
 		dir.flags |=
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
@@ -724,19 +724,15 @@
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		if (index_name_is_other(istate, ent->name, ent->len))
 			string_list_insert(&s->untracked, ent->name);
-		free(ent);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.ignored[i];
 		if (index_name_is_other(istate, ent->name, ent->len))
 			string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
-		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	free(dir.entries);
-	free(dir.ignored);
-	clear_directory(&dir);
+	dir_clear(&dir);
 
 	if (advice_status_u_option)
 		s->untracked_in_ms = (getnanotime() - t_begin) / 1000000;
@@ -913,17 +909,16 @@
 	struct strbuf summary = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *summary_content;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&sm_summary.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
-			 s->index_file);
+	strvec_pushf(&sm_summary.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", s->index_file);
 
-	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "submodule");
-	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "summary");
-	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached");
-	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "--for-status");
-	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "--summary-limit");
-	argv_array_pushf(&sm_summary.args, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
+	strvec_push(&sm_summary.args, "submodule");
+	strvec_push(&sm_summary.args, "summary");
+	strvec_push(&sm_summary.args, uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached");
+	strvec_push(&sm_summary.args, "--for-status");
+	strvec_push(&sm_summary.args, "--summary-limit");
+	strvec_pushf(&sm_summary.args, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
 	if (!uncommitted)
-		argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
+		strvec_push(&sm_summary.args, s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
 
 	sm_summary.git_cmd = 1;
 	sm_summary.no_stdin = 1;
@@ -1673,13 +1668,13 @@
 		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
 	} else if (wt_status_check_rebase(NULL, state)) {
 		;		/* all set */
-	} else if (!stat(git_path_cherry_pick_head(r), &st) &&
-			!get_oid("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", &oid)) {
+	} else if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD") &&
+		   !get_oid("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", &oid)) {
 		state->cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
 		oidcpy(&state->cherry_pick_head_oid, &oid);
 	}
 	wt_status_check_bisect(NULL, state);
-	if (!stat(git_path_revert_head(r), &st) &&
+	if (refs_ref_exists(get_main_ref_store(r), "REVERT_HEAD") &&
 	    !get_oid("REVERT_HEAD", &oid)) {
 		state->revert_in_progress = 1;
 		oidcpy(&state->revert_head_oid, &oid);
@@ -2035,7 +2030,7 @@
  *   [# branch.upstream <upstream><eol>
  *   [# branch.ab +<ahead> -<behind><eol>]]
  *
- *      <commit> ::= the current commit hash or the the literal
+ *      <commit> ::= the current commit hash or the literal
  *                   "(initial)" to indicate an initialized repo
  *                   with no commits.
  *