README: place anchors before headings
diff --git a/doc/spec.md b/doc/spec.md
index f317b72..306c2d7 100644
--- a/doc/spec.md
+++ b/doc/spec.md
@@ -3132,8 +3132,9 @@
The parameter names serve merely as documentation.
-### dict·clear <a id='dict·clear'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·clear'></a>
+### dict·clear
+
`D.clear()` removes all the entries of dictionary D and returns `None`.
It fails if the dictionary is frozen or if there are active iterators.
@@ -3146,8 +3147,9 @@
<b>Implementation note:</b>
`dict·clear` is not provided by the Java implementation.
-### dict·get <a id='dict·get'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·get'></a>
+### dict·get
+
`D.get(key[, default])` returns the dictionary value corresponding to the given key.
If the dictionary contains no such value, `get` returns `None`, or the
value of the optional `default` parameter if present.
@@ -3161,8 +3163,9 @@
x.get("three", 0) # 0
```
-### dict·items <a id='dict·items'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·items'></a>
+### dict·items
+
`D.items()` returns a new list of key/value pairs, one per element in
dictionary D, in the same order as they would be returned by a `for` loop.
@@ -3171,8 +3174,9 @@
x.items() # [("one", 1), ("two", 2)]
```
-### dict·keys <a id='dict·keys'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·keys'></a>
+### dict·keys
+
`D.keys()` returns a new list containing the keys of dictionary D, in the
same order as they would be returned by a `for` loop.
@@ -3181,8 +3185,9 @@
x.keys() # ["one", "two"]
```
-### dict·pop <a id='dict·pop'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·pop'></a>
+### dict·pop
+
`D.pop(key[, default])` returns the value corresponding to the specified
key, and removes it from the dictionary. If the dictionary contains no
such value, and the optional `default` parameter is present, `pop`
@@ -3198,8 +3203,9 @@
x.pop("four") # error: missing key
```
-### dict·popitem <a id='dict·popitem'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·popitem'></a>
+### dict·popitem
+
`D.popitem()` returns the first key/value pair, removing it from the dictionary.
`popitem` fails if the dictionary is empty, frozen, or has active iterators.
@@ -3211,8 +3217,9 @@
x.popitem() # error: empty dict
```
-### dict·setdefault <a id='dict·setdefault'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·setdefault'></a>
+### dict·setdefault
+
`D.setdefault(key[, default])` returns the dictionary value corresponding to the given key.
If the dictionary contains no such value, `setdefault`, like `get`,
returns `None` or the value of the optional `default` parameter if
@@ -3229,8 +3236,9 @@
x # {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": None}
```
-### dict·update <a id='dict·update'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·update'></a>
+### dict·update
+
`D.update([pairs][, name=value[, ...])` makes a sequence of key/value
insertions into dictionary D, then returns `None.`
@@ -3254,8 +3262,9 @@
x # {"a": 1, "b": "2", "c": 3, "d": 4, "e": 5}
```
-### dict·values <a id='dict·values'></a>
-
+<a id='dict·values'></a>
+### dict·values
+
`D.values()` returns a new list containing the dictionary's values, in the
same order as they would be returned by a `for` loop over the
dictionary.
@@ -3265,8 +3274,9 @@
x.values() # [1, 2]
```
-### list·append <a id='list·append'></a>
-
+<a id='list·append'></a>
+### list·append
+
`L.append(x)` appends `x` to the list L, and returns `None`.
`append` fails if the list is frozen or has active iterators.
@@ -3279,8 +3289,9 @@
x # [1, 2, 3]
```
-### list·clear <a id='list·clear'></a>
-
+<a id='list·clear'></a>
+### list·clear
+
`L.clear()` removes all the elements of the list L and returns `None`.
It fails if the list is frozen or if there are active iterators.
@@ -3290,8 +3301,9 @@
x # []
```
-### list·extend <a id='list·extend'></a>
-
+<a id='list·extend'></a>
+### list·extend
+
`L.extend(x)` appends the elements of `x`, which must be iterable, to
the list L, and returns `None`.
@@ -3304,8 +3316,9 @@
x # [1, 2, 3, "foo"]
```
-### list·index <a id='list·index'></a>
-
+<a id='list·index'></a>
+### list·index
+
`L.insert(x[, start[, end]])` finds `x` within the list L and returns its index.
The optional `start` and `end` parameters restrict the portion of
@@ -3324,8 +3337,9 @@
x.index("a", -2) # 5 (bananA)
```
-### list·insert <a id='list·insert'></a>
-
+<a id='list·insert'></a>
+### list·insert
+
`L.insert(i, x)` inserts the value `x` in the list L at index `i`, moving
higher-numbered elements along by one. It returns `None`.
@@ -3342,8 +3356,9 @@
x # ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
```
-### list·pop <a id='list·pop'></a>
-
+<a id='list·pop'></a>
+### list·pop
+
`L.pop([index])` removes and returns the last element of the list L, or,
if the optional index is provided, at that index.
@@ -3357,8 +3372,9 @@
x # [1]
```
-### list·remove <a id='list·remove'></a>
-
+<a id='list·remove'></a>
+### list·remove
+
`L.remove(x)` removes the first occurrence of the value `x` from the list L, and returns `None`.
`remove` fails if the list does not contain `x`, is frozen, or has active iterators.
@@ -3370,8 +3386,9 @@
x.remove(2) # error: element not found
```
-### set·union <a id='set·union'></a>
-
+<a id='set·union'></a>
+### set·union
+
`S.union(iterable)` returns a new set into which have been inserted
all the elements of set S and all the elements of the argument, which
must be iterable.
@@ -3384,8 +3401,9 @@
x.union(y) # set([1, 2, 3])
```
-### string·bytes <a id='string·bytes'></a>
-
+<a id='string·bytes'></a>
+### string·bytes
+
`S.bytes()` returns an iterable value containing the
sequence of numeric bytes values in the string S.
@@ -3401,8 +3419,9 @@
<b>Implementation note:</b> `bytes` is not provided by the Java implementation.
-### string·capitalize <a id='string·capitalize'></a>
-
+<a id='string·capitalize'></a>
+### string·capitalize
+
`S.capitalize()` returns a copy of string S with all Unicode letters
that begin words changed to their title case.
@@ -3410,8 +3429,9 @@
"hello, world!".capitalize() # "Hello, World!"
```
-### string·codepoints <a id='string·codepoints'></a>
-
+<a id='string·codepoints'></a>
+### string·codepoints
+
`S.codepoints()` returns an iterable value containing the
sequence of integer Unicode code points encoded by the string S.
Each invalid code within the string is treated as if it encodes the
@@ -3436,8 +3456,9 @@
<b>Implementation note:</b> `codepoints` is not provided by the Java implementation.
-### string·count <a id='string·count'></a>
-
+<a id='string·count'></a>
+### string·count
+
`S.count(sub[, start[, end]])` returns the number of occcurences of
`sub` within the string S, or, if the optional substring indices
`start` and `end` are provided, within the designated substring of S.
@@ -3448,16 +3469,18 @@
"hello, world!".count("o", 7, 12) # 1 (in "world")
```
-### string·endswith <a id='string·endswith'></a>
-
+<a id='string·endswith'></a>
+### string·endswith
+
`S.endswith(suffix)` reports whether the string S has the specified suffix.
```python
"filename.sky".endswith(".sky") # True
```
-### string·find <a id='string·find'></a>
-
+<a id='string·find'></a>
+### string·find
+
`S.find(sub[, start[, end]])` returns the index of the first
occurrence of the substring `sub` within S.
@@ -3473,8 +3496,9 @@
"bonbon".find("on", 2, 5) # -1
```
-### string·format <a id='string·format'></a>
-
+<a id='string·format'></a>
+### string·format
+
`S.format(*args, **kwargs)` returns a version of the format string S
in which bracketed portions `{...}` are replaced
by arguments from `args` and `kwargs`.
@@ -3518,8 +3542,9 @@
"Is {0!r} {0!s}?".format('heterological') # 'is "heterological" heterological?'
```
-### string·index <a id='string·index'></a>
-
+<a id='string·index'></a>
+### string·index
+
`S.index(sub[, start[, end]])` returns the index of the first
occurrence of the substring `sub` within S, like `S.find`, except
that if the substring is not found, the operation fails.
@@ -3530,8 +3555,9 @@
"bonbon".index("on", 2, 5) # error: substring not found (in "nbo")
```
-### string·isalnum <a id='string·isalnum'></a>
-
+<a id='string·isalnum'></a>
+### string·isalnum
+
`S.isalpha()` reports whether the string S is non-empty and consists only
Unicode letters and digits.
@@ -3540,8 +3566,9 @@
"Catch-22".isalnum() # False
```
-### string·isalpha <a id='string·isalpha'></a>
-
+<a id='string·isalpha'></a>
+### string·isalpha
+
`S.isalpha()` reports whether the string S is non-empty and consists only of Unicode letters.
```python
@@ -3550,8 +3577,9 @@
"".isalpha() # False
```
-### string·isdigit <a id='string·isdigit'></a>
-
+<a id='string·isdigit'></a>
+### string·isdigit
+
`S.isdigit()` reports whether the string S is non-empty and consists only of Unicode digits.
```python
@@ -3560,8 +3588,9 @@
"".isdigit() # False
```
-### string·islower <a id='string·islower'></a>
-
+<a id='string·islower'></a>
+### string·islower
+
`S.islower()` reports whether the string S contains at least one cased Unicode
letter, and all such letters are lowercase.
@@ -3571,8 +3600,9 @@
"123".islower() # False
```
-### string·isspace <a id='string·isspace'></a>
-
+<a id='string·isspace'></a>
+### string·isspace
+
`S.isspace()` reports whether the string S is non-empty and consists only of Unicode spaces.
```python
@@ -3581,8 +3611,9 @@
"".isspace() # False
```
-### string·istitle <a id='string·istitle'></a>
-
+<a id='string·istitle'></a>
+### string·istitle
+
`S.istitle()` reports whether the string S contains at least one cased Unicode
letter, and all such letters that begin a word are in title case.
@@ -3593,8 +3624,9 @@
"123".istitle() # False
```
-### string·isupper <a id='string·isupper'></a>
-
+<a id='string·isupper'></a>
+### string·isupper
+
`S.isupper()` reports whether the string S contains at least one cased Unicode
letter, and all such letters are uppercase.
@@ -3604,8 +3636,9 @@
"123".isupper() # False
```
-### string·join <a id='string·join'></a>
-
+<a id='string·join'></a>
+### string·join
+
`S.join(iterable)` returns the string formed by concatenating each
element of its argument, with a copy of the string S between
successive elements. The argument must be an iterable whose elements
@@ -3616,24 +3649,27 @@
"a".join("ctmrn") # "catamaran"
```
-### string·lower <a id='string·lower'></a>
-
+<a id='string·lower'></a>
+### string·lower
+
`S.lower()` returns a copy of the string S with letters converted to lowercase.
```python
"Hello, World!".lower() # "hello, world!"
```
-### string·lstrip <a id='string·lstrip'></a>
-
+<a id='string·lstrip'></a>
+### string·lstrip
+
`S.lstrip()` returns a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
```python
" hello ".lstrip() # " hello"
```
-### string·partition <a id='string·partition'></a>
-
+<a id='string·partition'></a>
+### string·partition
+
`S.partition(x)` splits string S into three parts and returns them as
a tuple: the portion before the first occurrence of string `x`, `x` itself,
and the portion following it.
@@ -3645,8 +3681,9 @@
"one/two/three".partition("/") # ("one", "/", "two/three")
```
-### string·replace <a id='string·replace'></a>
-
+<a id='string·replace'></a>
+### string·replace
+
`S.replace(old, new[, count])` returns a copy of string S with all
occurrences of substring `old` replaced by `new`. If the optional
argument `count`, which must be an `int`, is non-negative, it
@@ -3657,8 +3694,9 @@
"banana".replace("a", "o", 2) # "bonona"
```
-### string·rfind <a id='string·rfind'></a>
-
+<a id='string·rfind'></a>
+### string·rfind
+
`S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]])` returns the index of the substring `sub` within
S, like `S.find`, except that `rfind` returns the index of the substring's
_last_ occurrence.
@@ -3669,8 +3707,9 @@
"bonbon".rfind("on", 2, 5) # -1
```
-### string·rindex <a id='string·rindex'></a>
-
+<a id='string·rindex'></a>
+### string·rindex
+
`S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]])` returns the index of the substring `sub` within
S, like `S.index`, except that `rindex` returns the index of the substring's
_last_ occurrence.
@@ -3681,16 +3720,18 @@
"bonbon".rindex("on", 2, 5) # error: substring not found (in "nbo")
```
-### string·rpartition <a id='string·rpartition'></a>
-
+<a id='string·rpartition'></a>
+### string·rpartition
+
`S.rpartition(x)` is like `partition`, but splits `S` at the last occurrence of `x`.
```python
"one/two/three".partition("/") # ("one/two", "/", "three")
```
-### string·rsplit <a id='string·rsplit'></a>
-
+<a id='string·rsplit'></a>
+### string·rsplit
+
`S.rsplit([sep[, maxsplit]])` splits a string into substrings like `S.split`,
except that when a maximum number of splits is specified, `rsplit` chooses the
rightmost splits.
@@ -3704,16 +3745,18 @@
TODO: `rsplit(None, maxsplit)` where `maxsplit > 0` (as in the last
example above) is not yet implemented and currently returns an error.
-### string·rstrip <a id='string·rstrip'></a>
-
+<a id='string·rstrip'></a>
+### string·rstrip
+
`S.rstrip()` returns a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
```python
" hello ".rstrip() # "hello "
```
-### string·split <a id='string·split'></a>
-
+<a id='string·split'></a>
+### string·split
+
`S.split([sep [, maxsplit]])` returns the list of substrings of S,
splitting at occurrences of `sep`.
If `sep` is not specified or is `None`, `split` splits the string
@@ -3730,8 +3773,9 @@
"banana".split("n", 1) # ["ba", "ana"]
```
-### string·split_bytes <a id='string·split_bytes'></a>
-
+<a id='string·split_bytes'></a>
+### string·split_bytes
+
`S.split_bytes()` returns an iterable value containing successive
1-byte substrings of S.
To materialize the entire sequence, apply `list(...)` to the result.
@@ -3746,8 +3790,9 @@
<b>Implementation note:</b> `split_bytes` is not provided by the Java implementation.
-### string·split_codepoints <a id='string·split_codepoints'></a>
-
+<a id='string·split_codepoints'></a>
+### string·split_codepoints
+
`S.split_codepoints()` returns an iterable value containing the sequence of
substrings of S that each encode a single Unicode code point.
Each invalid code within the string is treated as if it encodes the
@@ -3772,8 +3817,9 @@
<b>Implementation note:</b> `split_codepoints` is not provided by the Java implementation.
-### string·splitlines <a id='string·splitlines'></a>
-
+<a id='string·splitlines'></a>
+### string·splitlines
+
`S.splitlines([keepends])` returns a list whose elements are the
successive lines of S, that is, the strings formed by splitting S at
line terminators (currently assumed to be a single newline, `\n`,
@@ -3789,24 +3835,27 @@
```
-### string·startswith <a id='string·startswith'></a>
-
+<a id='string·startswith'></a>
+### string·startswith
+
`S.startswith(suffix)` reports whether the string S has the specified prefix.
```python
"filename.sky".startswith("filename") # True
```
-### string·strip <a id='string·strip'></a>
-
+<a id='string·strip'></a>
+### string·strip
+
`S.strip()` returns a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
```python
" hello ".strip() # "hello"
```
-### string·title <a id='string·title'></a>
-
+<a id='string·title'></a>
+### string·title
+
`S.lower()` returns a copy of the string S with letters converted to titlecase.
Letters are converted to uppercase at the start of words, lowercase elsewhere.
@@ -3815,8 +3864,9 @@
"hElLo, WoRlD!".title() # "Hello, World!"
```
-### string·upper <a id='string·upper'></a>
-
+<a id='string·upper'></a>
+### string·upper
+
`S.lower()` returns a copy of the string S with letters converted to lowercase.
```python
