// -*- Mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
// Copyright (c) 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
// 
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
// 
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
// 
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// ---
// All Rights Reserved.
//
// Author: Daniel Ford

#include "sampler.h"

#include <algorithm>  // For min()
#include <math.h>
#include "base/commandlineflags.h"

using std::min;

// The approximate gap in bytes between sampling actions.
// I.e., we take one sample approximately once every
// tcmalloc_sample_parameter bytes of allocation
// i.e. about once every 512KB if value is 1<<19.
#ifdef NO_TCMALLOC_SAMPLES
DEFINE_int64(tcmalloc_sample_parameter, 0,
             "Unused: code is compiled with NO_TCMALLOC_SAMPLES");
#else
DEFINE_int64(tcmalloc_sample_parameter,
             EnvToInt64("TCMALLOC_SAMPLE_PARAMETER", 0),
             "The approximate gap in bytes between sampling actions. "
             "This must be between 1 and 2^58.");
#endif

namespace tcmalloc {

int Sampler::GetSamplePeriod() {
  return FLAGS_tcmalloc_sample_parameter;
}

// Run this before using your sampler
void Sampler::Init(uint64_t seed) {
  ASSERT(seed != 0);

  // Initialize PRNG
  rnd_ = seed;
  // Step it forward 20 times for good measure
  for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
    rnd_ = NextRandom(rnd_);
  }
  // Initialize counter
  bytes_until_sample_ = PickNextSamplingPoint();
}

#define MAX_SSIZE (static_cast<ssize_t>(static_cast<size_t>(static_cast<ssize_t>(-1)) >> 1))

// Generates a geometric variable with the specified mean (512K by default).
// This is done by generating a random number between 0 and 1 and applying
// the inverse cumulative distribution function for an exponential.
// Specifically: Let m be the inverse of the sample period, then
// the probability distribution function is m*exp(-mx) so the CDF is
// p = 1 - exp(-mx), so
// q = 1 - p = exp(-mx)
// log_e(q) = -mx
// -log_e(q)/m = x
// log_2(q) * (-log_e(2) * 1/m) = x
// In the code, q is actually in the range 1 to 2**26, hence the -26 below
ssize_t Sampler::PickNextSamplingPoint() {
  if (FLAGS_tcmalloc_sample_parameter <= 0) {
    // In this case, we don't want to sample ever, and the larger a
    // value we put here, the longer until we hit the slow path
    // again. However, we have to support the flag changing at
    // runtime, so pick something reasonably large (to keep overhead
    // low) but small enough that we'll eventually start to sample
    // again.
    return 16 << 20;
  }

  rnd_ = NextRandom(rnd_);
  // Take the top 26 bits as the random number
  // (This plus the 1<<58 sampling bound give a max possible step of
  // 5194297183973780480 bytes.)
  const uint64_t prng_mod_power = 48;  // Number of bits in prng
  // The uint32_t cast is to prevent a (hard-to-reproduce) NAN
  // under piii debug for some binaries.
  double q = static_cast<uint32_t>(rnd_ >> (prng_mod_power - 26)) + 1.0;
  // Put the computed p-value through the CDF of a geometric.
  double interval =
      (log2(q) - 26) * (-log(2.0) * FLAGS_tcmalloc_sample_parameter);

  // Very large values of interval overflow ssize_t. If we happen to
  // hit such improbable condition, we simply cheat and clamp interval
  // to largest supported value.
  return static_cast<ssize_t>(std::min<double>(interval, MAX_SSIZE));
}

bool Sampler::RecordAllocationSlow(size_t k) {
  if (!initialized_) {
    initialized_ = true;
    Init(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this));
    if (static_cast<size_t>(bytes_until_sample_) >= k) {
      bytes_until_sample_ -= k;
      return true;
    }
  }
  bytes_until_sample_ = PickNextSamplingPoint();
  return FLAGS_tcmalloc_sample_parameter <= 0;
}

}  // namespace tcmalloc