Merge pull request #19610 from mgravell/mgravell/petty-allocs

C# - remove delegate allocation and boxing from cancellation registrations
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 8dfa4e8..a68f5ca 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -638,6 +638,9 @@
 add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx grpc_tool_test)
 add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx grpclb_api_test)
 add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx grpclb_end2end_test)
+if(_gRPC_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx grpclb_fallback_test)
+endif()
 add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx h2_ssl_cert_test)
 add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx h2_ssl_session_reuse_test)
 add_dependencies(buildtests_cxx health_service_end2end_test)
@@ -14467,6 +14470,70 @@
 
 endif (gRPC_BUILD_TESTS)
 if (gRPC_BUILD_TESTS)
+if(_gRPC_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+
+add_executable(grpclb_fallback_test
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.pb.cc
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.grpc.pb.cc
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.pb.h
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.grpc.pb.h
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.pb.cc
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.grpc.pb.cc
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.pb.h
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.grpc.pb.h
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.pb.cc
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.grpc.pb.cc
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.pb.h
+  ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.grpc.pb.h
+  test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc
+  third_party/googletest/googletest/src/gtest-all.cc
+  third_party/googletest/googlemock/src/gmock-all.cc
+)
+
+protobuf_generate_grpc_cpp(
+  src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.proto
+)
+protobuf_generate_grpc_cpp(
+  src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.proto
+)
+protobuf_generate_grpc_cpp(
+  src/proto/grpc/testing/test.proto
+)
+
+target_include_directories(grpclb_fallback_test
+  PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_SSL_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_PROTOBUF_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_ZLIB_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_BENCHMARK_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_CARES_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_ADDRESS_SORTING_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_NANOPB_INCLUDE_DIR}
+  PRIVATE third_party/googletest/googletest/include
+  PRIVATE third_party/googletest/googletest
+  PRIVATE third_party/googletest/googlemock/include
+  PRIVATE third_party/googletest/googlemock
+  PRIVATE ${_gRPC_PROTO_GENS_DIR}
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(grpclb_fallback_test
+  ${_gRPC_PROTOBUF_LIBRARIES}
+  ${_gRPC_ALLTARGETS_LIBRARIES}
+  grpc++_test_util
+  grpc_test_util
+  grpc++
+  grpc
+  gpr
+  grpc++_test_config
+  ${_gRPC_GFLAGS_LIBRARIES}
+)
+
+
+endif()
+endif (gRPC_BUILD_TESTS)
+if (gRPC_BUILD_TESTS)
 
 add_executable(h2_ssl_cert_test
   test/core/end2end/h2_ssl_cert_test.cc
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 2a1bfad..952b201 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1228,6 +1228,7 @@
 grpc_tool_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpc_tool_test
 grpclb_api_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_api_test
 grpclb_end2end_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_end2end_test
+grpclb_fallback_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test
 h2_ssl_cert_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_cert_test
 h2_ssl_session_reuse_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_session_reuse_test
 health_service_end2end_test: $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/health_service_end2end_test
@@ -1697,6 +1698,7 @@
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpc_tool_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_api_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_end2end_test \
+  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_cert_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_session_reuse_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/health_service_end2end_test \
@@ -1862,6 +1864,7 @@
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpc_tool_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_api_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_end2end_test \
+  $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_cert_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_session_reuse_test \
   $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/health_service_end2end_test \
@@ -2366,6 +2369,8 @@
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_api_test || ( echo test grpclb_api_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing grpclb_end2end_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_end2end_test || ( echo test grpclb_end2end_test failed ; exit 1 )
+	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing grpclb_fallback_test"
+	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test || ( echo test grpclb_fallback_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_ssl_cert_test"
 	$(Q) $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/h2_ssl_cert_test || ( echo test h2_ssl_cert_test failed ; exit 1 )
 	$(E) "[RUN]     Testing h2_ssl_session_reuse_test"
@@ -17488,6 +17493,59 @@
 $(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/test/cpp/end2end/grpclb_end2end_test.o: $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/lb/v1/load_balancer.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/lb/v1/load_balancer.grpc.pb.cc
 
 
+GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_SRC = \
+    $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.grpc.pb.cc \
+    $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.grpc.pb.cc \
+    $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.grpc.pb.cc \
+    test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc \
+
+GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/, $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_SRC))))
+ifeq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
+
+# You can't build secure targets if you don't have OpenSSL.
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test: openssl_dep_error
+
+else
+
+
+
+
+ifeq ($(NO_PROTOBUF),true)
+
+# You can't build the protoc plugins or protobuf-enabled targets if you don't have protobuf 3.5.0+.
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test: protobuf_dep_error
+
+else
+
+$(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test: $(PROTOBUF_DEP) $(GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_OBJS) $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_config.a
+	$(E) "[LD]      Linking $@"
+	$(Q) mkdir -p `dirname $@`
+	$(Q) $(LDXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_OBJS) $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_config.a $(LDLIBSXX) $(LDLIBS_PROTOBUF) $(LDLIBS) $(LDLIBS_SECURE) $(GTEST_LIB) -o $(BINDIR)/$(CONFIG)/grpclb_fallback_test
+
+endif
+
+endif
+
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.o:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_config.a
+
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.o:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_config.a
+
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.o:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_config.a
+
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.o:  $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc_test_util.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgpr.a $(LIBDIR)/$(CONFIG)/libgrpc++_test_config.a
+
+deps_grpclb_fallback_test: $(GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_OBJS:.o=.dep)
+
+ifneq ($(NO_SECURE),true)
+ifneq ($(NO_DEPS),true)
+-include $(GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TEST_OBJS:.o=.dep)
+endif
+endif
+$(OBJDIR)/$(CONFIG)/test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.o: $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.grpc.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.grpc.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.pb.cc $(GENDIR)/src/proto/grpc/testing/test.grpc.pb.cc
+
+
 H2_SSL_CERT_TEST_SRC = \
     test/core/end2end/h2_ssl_cert_test.cc \
 
diff --git a/build.yaml b/build.yaml
index 5915b9c..c36b3c7 100644
--- a/build.yaml
+++ b/build.yaml
@@ -5041,6 +5041,23 @@
   - grpc++
   - grpc
   - gpr
+- name: grpclb_fallback_test
+  build: test
+  language: c++
+  src:
+  - src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.proto
+  - src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.proto
+  - src/proto/grpc/testing/test.proto
+  - test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc
+  deps:
+  - grpc++_test_util
+  - grpc_test_util
+  - grpc++
+  - grpc
+  - gpr
+  - grpc++_test_config
+  platforms:
+  - linux
 - name: h2_ssl_cert_test
   gtest: true
   build: test
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.cc b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.cc
index 48c3d00..3c9a8a2 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.cc
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.cc
@@ -1140,6 +1140,7 @@
 
 void grpc_chttp2_add_incoming_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                      uint32_t goaway_error,
+                                     uint32_t last_stream_id,
                                      const grpc_slice& goaway_text) {
   // Discard the error from a previous goaway frame (if any)
   if (t->goaway_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
@@ -1153,6 +1154,9 @@
           GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE),
       GRPC_ERROR_STR_RAW_BYTES, goaway_text);
 
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "transport %p got goaway with last stream id %d", t,
+              last_stream_id));
   /* We want to log this irrespective of whether http tracing is enabled */
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%s: Got goaway [%d] err=%s", t->peer_string, goaway_error,
           grpc_error_string(t->goaway_error));
@@ -1191,8 +1195,9 @@
          grpc_chttp2_list_pop_waiting_for_concurrency(t, &s)) {
     /* safe since we can't (legally) be parsing this stream yet */
     GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(gpr_log(
-        GPR_INFO, "HTTP:%s: Allocating new grpc_chttp2_stream %p to id %d",
-        t->is_client ? "CLI" : "SVR", s, t->next_stream_id));
+        GPR_INFO,
+        "HTTP:%s: Transport %p allocating new grpc_chttp2_stream %p to id %d",
+        t->is_client ? "CLI" : "SVR", t, s, t->next_stream_id));
 
     GPR_ASSERT(s->id == 0);
     s->id = t->next_stream_id;
@@ -1232,10 +1237,10 @@
   return closure;
 }
 
-static void null_then_run_closure(grpc_closure** closure, grpc_error* error) {
+static void null_then_sched_closure(grpc_closure** closure) {
   grpc_closure* c = *closure;
   *closure = nullptr;
-  GRPC_CLOSURE_RUN(c, error);
+  GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(c, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_complete_closure_step(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
@@ -1902,7 +1907,7 @@
     }
     grpc_chttp2_incoming_metadata_buffer_publish(&s->metadata_buffer[0],
                                                  s->recv_initial_metadata);
-    null_then_run_closure(&s->recv_initial_metadata_ready, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+    null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_initial_metadata_ready);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1982,10 +1987,10 @@
     s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer_cached_length =
         s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length;
     if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE && *s->recv_message != nullptr) {
-      null_then_run_closure(&s->recv_message_ready, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_message_ready);
     } else if (s->published_metadata[1] != GRPC_METADATA_NOT_PUBLISHED) {
       *s->recv_message = nullptr;
-      null_then_run_closure(&s->recv_message_ready, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_message_ready);
     }
     GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
   }
@@ -2051,8 +2056,7 @@
       s->collecting_stats = nullptr;
       grpc_chttp2_incoming_metadata_buffer_publish(&s->metadata_buffer[1],
                                                    s->recv_trailing_metadata);
-      null_then_run_closure(&s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished,
-                            GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
+      null_then_sched_closure(&s->recv_trailing_metadata_finished);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2825,7 +2829,8 @@
 static void connectivity_state_set(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                    grpc_connectivity_state state,
                                    const char* reason) {
-  GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "set connectivity_state=%d", state));
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_IF_TRACING(
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "transport %p set connectivity_state=%d", t, state));
   grpc_connectivity_state_set(&t->channel_callback.state_tracker, state,
                               reason);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_goaway.cc b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_goaway.cc
index e901a6b..6dad349 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_goaway.cc
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_goaway.cc
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
       p->state = GRPC_CHTTP2_GOAWAY_DEBUG;
       if (is_last) {
         grpc_chttp2_add_incoming_goaway(
-            t, p->error_code,
+            t, p->error_code, p->last_stream_id,
             grpc_slice_new(p->debug_data, p->debug_length, gpr_free));
         p->debug_data = nullptr;
       }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h
index 4ab46f9..732bc38 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h
@@ -752,6 +752,7 @@
 
 void grpc_chttp2_add_incoming_goaway(grpc_chttp2_transport* t,
                                      uint32_t goaway_error,
+                                     uint32_t last_stream_id,
                                      const grpc_slice& goaway_text);
 
 void grpc_chttp2_parsing_become_skip_parser(grpc_chttp2_transport* t);
diff --git a/src/core/lib/channel/channelz.h b/src/core/lib/channel/channelz.h
index f8acb53..d268962 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/channel/channelz.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/channel/channelz.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 typedef InlinedVector<intptr_t, 10> ChildRefsList;
 
 class SocketNode;
-typedef InlinedVector<SocketNode*, 10> ChildSocketsList;
+typedef InlinedVector<RefCountedPtr<SocketNode>, 10> ChildSocketsList;
 
 namespace testing {
 class CallCountingHelperPeer;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_windows.cc b/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_windows.cc
index abfa3be..0024f80 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_windows.cc
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_windows.cc
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "on_connect error: %s", utf8_message);
     gpr_free(utf8_message);
     closesocket(sock);
-    return NULL;
+    return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   }
 
   error = prepare_socket(sock, addr, &port);
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/server.cc b/src/core/lib/surface/server.cc
index 8f6df48..6cd8600 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/server.cc
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/server.cc
@@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
   channel_data* c = nullptr;
   for (c = s->root_channel_data.next; c != &s->root_channel_data; c = c->next) {
     if (c->socket_node != nullptr && c->socket_node->uuid() >= start_idx) {
-      server_sockets->push_back(c->socket_node.get());
+      server_sockets->push_back(c->socket_node);
     }
   }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&s->mu_global);
diff --git a/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.proto b/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.proto
index 3b966ae..4fed83f 100644
--- a/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.proto
+++ b/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.proto
@@ -48,6 +48,21 @@
   string message = 2;
 }
 
+// The type of route that a client took to reach a server w.r.t. gRPCLB.
+// The server must fill in "fallback" if it detects that the RPC reached
+// the server via the "gRPCLB fallback" path, and "backend" if it detects
+// that the RPC reached the server via "gRPCLB backend" path (i.e. if it got
+// the address of this server from the gRPCLB server BalanceLoad RPC). Exactly
+// how this detection is done is context and server dependant.
+enum GrpclbRouteType {
+  // Server didn't detect the route that a client took to reach it.
+  GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
+  // Indicates that a client reached a server via gRPCLB fallback.
+  GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_FALLBACK = 1;
+  // Indicates that a client reached a server as a gRPCLB-given backend.
+  GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_BACKEND = 2;
+}
+
 // Unary request.
 message SimpleRequest {
   // Desired payload type in the response from the server.
@@ -80,6 +95,9 @@
 
   // Whether SimpleResponse should include server_id.
   bool fill_server_id = 9;
+
+  // Whether SimpleResponse should include grpclb_route_type.
+  bool fill_grpclb_route_type = 10;
 }
 
 // Unary response, as configured by the request.
@@ -95,6 +113,8 @@
   // Server ID. This must be unique among different server instances,
   // but the same across all RPC's made to a particular server instance.
   string server_id = 4;
+  // gRPCLB Path.
+  GrpclbRouteType grpclb_route_type = 5;
 }
 
 // Client-streaming request.
diff --git a/test/core/iomgr/udp_server_test.cc b/test/core/iomgr/udp_server_test.cc
index f65783a..3c9e710 100644
--- a/test/core/iomgr/udp_server_test.cc
+++ b/test/core/iomgr/udp_server_test.cc
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
   addr->sin_family = AF_INET;
   GPR_ASSERT(grpc_udp_server_add_port(s, &resolved_addr, rcv_buf_size,
                                       snd_buf_size, &handler_factory,
-                                      g_num_listeners));
+                                      g_num_listeners) > 0);
 
   grpc_udp_server_destroy(s, nullptr);
 
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
   addr->sin_family = AF_INET;
   GPR_ASSERT(grpc_udp_server_add_port(s, &resolved_addr, rcv_buf_size,
                                       snd_buf_size, &handler_factory,
-                                      g_num_listeners));
+                                      g_num_listeners) > 0);
   GPR_ASSERT(socket_factory->number_of_socket_calls == g_num_listeners);
   GPR_ASSERT(socket_factory->number_of_bind_calls == g_num_listeners);
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
   addr->sin_family = AF_INET;
   GPR_ASSERT(grpc_udp_server_add_port(s, &resolved_addr, rcv_buf_size,
                                       snd_buf_size, &handler_factory,
-                                      g_num_listeners));
+                                      g_num_listeners) > 0);
 
   grpc_udp_server_start(s, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(g_number_of_starts == g_num_listeners);
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
   addr->ss_family = AF_INET;
   GPR_ASSERT(grpc_udp_server_add_port(s, &resolved_addr, rcv_buf_size,
                                       snd_buf_size, &handler_factory,
-                                      g_num_listeners));
+                                      g_num_listeners) > 0);
 
   svrfd = grpc_udp_server_get_fd(s, 0);
   GPR_ASSERT(svrfd >= 0);
diff --git a/test/cpp/interop/BUILD b/test/cpp/interop/BUILD
index 802302b..e575ef8 100644
--- a/test/cpp/interop/BUILD
+++ b/test/cpp/interop/BUILD
@@ -39,6 +39,22 @@
 )
 
 grpc_cc_binary(
+    name = "grpclb_fallback_test",
+    srcs = [
+        "grpclb_fallback_test.cc",
+    ],
+    language = "C++",
+    deps = [
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:empty_proto",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:messages_proto",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:test_proto",
+        "//test/cpp/util:test_config",
+        "//test/cpp/util:test_util",
+        "//:grpc++",
+    ],
+)
+
+grpc_cc_binary(
     name = "interop_server",
     srcs = [
         "interop_server_bootstrap.cc",
diff --git a/test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc b/test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3622482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2019 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <gflags/gflags.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpcpp/channel.h>
+#include <grpcpp/client_context.h>
+#include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
+#include <grpcpp/support/channel_arguments.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/string.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_mutator.h"
+#include "src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.pb.h"
+#include "src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.pb.h"
+#include "src/proto/grpc/testing/test.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "src/proto/grpc/testing/test.pb.h"
+
+#include "test/cpp/util/test_config.h"
+#include "test/cpp/util/test_credentials_provider.h"
+
+DEFINE_string(custom_credentials_type, "", "User provided credentials type.");
+DEFINE_string(server_uri, "localhost:1000", "Server URI target");
+DEFINE_string(unroute_lb_and_backend_addrs_cmd, "exit 1",
+              "Shell command used to make LB and backend addresses unroutable");
+DEFINE_string(blackhole_lb_and_backend_addrs_cmd, "exit 1",
+              "Shell command used to make LB and backend addresses blackholed");
+DEFINE_string(
+    test_case, "",
+    "Test case to run. Valid options are:\n\n"
+    "fast_fallback_before_startup : fallback before establishing connection to "
+    "LB;\n"
+    "fast_fallback_after_startup : fallback after startup due to LB/backend "
+    "addresses becoming unroutable;\n"
+    "slow_fallback_before_startup : fallback before startup due to LB address "
+    "being blackholed;\n"
+    "slow_fallback_after_startup : fallback after startup due to LB/backend "
+    "addresses becoming blackholed;\n");
+
+using grpc::testing::GrpclbRouteType;
+using grpc::testing::SimpleRequest;
+using grpc::testing::SimpleResponse;
+using grpc::testing::TestService;
+
+namespace {
+
+enum RpcMode {
+  FailFast,
+  WaitForReady,
+};
+
+GrpclbRouteType DoRPCAndGetPath(TestService::Stub* stub, int deadline_seconds,
+                                RpcMode rpc_mode) {
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoRPCAndGetPath deadline_seconds:%d rpc_mode:%d",
+          deadline_seconds, rpc_mode);
+  SimpleRequest request;
+  SimpleResponse response;
+  grpc::ClientContext context;
+  if (rpc_mode == WaitForReady) {
+    context.set_wait_for_ready(true);
+  }
+  request.set_fill_grpclb_route_type(true);
+  std::chrono::system_clock::time_point deadline =
+      std::chrono::system_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(deadline_seconds);
+  context.set_deadline(deadline);
+  grpc::Status s = stub->UnaryCall(&context, request, &response);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoRPCAndGetPath failed. status-message: %s",
+            s.error_message().c_str());
+    return GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(response.grpclb_route_type() ==
+                 GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_BACKEND ||
+             response.grpclb_route_type() ==
+                 GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_FALLBACK);
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoRPCAndGetPath done. grpclb_route_type:%d",
+          response.grpclb_route_type());
+  return response.grpclb_route_type();
+}
+
+GrpclbRouteType DoRPCAndGetPath(TestService::Stub* stub, int deadline_seconds) {
+  return DoRPCAndGetPath(stub, deadline_seconds, FailFast);
+}
+
+GrpclbRouteType DoWaitForReadyRPCAndGetPath(TestService::Stub* stub,
+                                            int deadline_seconds) {
+  return DoRPCAndGetPath(stub, deadline_seconds, WaitForReady);
+}
+
+bool TcpUserTimeoutMutateFd(int fd, grpc_socket_mutator* mutator) {
+  int timeout = 20000;  // 20 seconds
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Setting socket option TCP_USER_TIMEOUT on fd: %d", fd);
+  if (0 != setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, &timeout,
+                      sizeof(timeout))) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Failed to set socket option TCP_USER_TIMEOUT");
+    abort();
+  }
+  int newval;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(newval);
+  if (0 != getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, &newval, &len) ||
+      newval != timeout) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Failed to get expected socket option TCP_USER_TIMEOUT");
+    abort();
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+int TcpUserTimeoutCompare(grpc_socket_mutator* a, grpc_socket_mutator* b) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void TcpUserTimeoutDestroy(grpc_socket_mutator* mutator) { gpr_free(mutator); }
+
+const grpc_socket_mutator_vtable kTcpUserTimeoutMutatorVtable =
+    grpc_socket_mutator_vtable{
+        .mutate_fd = TcpUserTimeoutMutateFd,
+        .compare = TcpUserTimeoutCompare,
+        .destroy = TcpUserTimeoutDestroy,
+    };
+
+std::unique_ptr<TestService::Stub> CreateFallbackTestStub() {
+  grpc::ChannelArguments channel_args;
+  grpc_socket_mutator* tcp_user_timeout_mutator =
+      static_cast<grpc_socket_mutator*>(
+          gpr_malloc(sizeof(tcp_user_timeout_mutator)));
+  grpc_socket_mutator_init(tcp_user_timeout_mutator,
+                           &kTcpUserTimeoutMutatorVtable);
+  channel_args.SetSocketMutator(tcp_user_timeout_mutator);
+  // Allow LB policy to be configured by service config
+  channel_args.SetInt(GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG_DISABLE_RESOLUTION, 0);
+  std::shared_ptr<grpc::ChannelCredentials> channel_creds =
+      grpc::testing::GetCredentialsProvider()->GetChannelCredentials(
+          FLAGS_custom_credentials_type, &channel_args);
+  return TestService::NewStub(
+      grpc::CreateCustomChannel(FLAGS_server_uri, channel_creds, channel_args));
+}
+
+void RunCommand(const std::string& command) {
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "RunCommand: |%s|", command.c_str());
+  int out = std::system(command.c_str());
+  if (WIFEXITED(out)) {
+    int code = WEXITSTATUS(out);
+    if (code != 0) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "RunCommand failed exit code:%d command:|%s|", code,
+              command.c_str());
+      abort();
+    }
+  } else {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "RunCommand failed command:|%s|", command.c_str());
+    abort();
+  }
+}
+
+void RunFallbackBeforeStartupTest(
+    const std::string& break_lb_and_backend_conns_cmd,
+    int per_rpc_deadline_seconds) {
+  std::unique_ptr<TestService::Stub> stub = CreateFallbackTestStub();
+  RunCommand(break_lb_and_backend_conns_cmd);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+    GrpclbRouteType grpclb_route_type =
+        DoRPCAndGetPath(stub.get(), per_rpc_deadline_seconds);
+    if (grpclb_route_type != GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_FALLBACK) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Expected grpclb route type: FALLBACK. Got: %d",
+              grpclb_route_type);
+      abort();
+    }
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+  }
+}
+
+void DoFastFallbackBeforeStartup() {
+  RunFallbackBeforeStartupTest(FLAGS_unroute_lb_and_backend_addrs_cmd, 9);
+}
+
+void DoSlowFallbackBeforeStartup() {
+  RunFallbackBeforeStartupTest(FLAGS_blackhole_lb_and_backend_addrs_cmd, 20);
+}
+
+void RunFallbackAfterStartupTest(
+    const std::string& break_lb_and_backend_conns_cmd) {
+  std::unique_ptr<TestService::Stub> stub = CreateFallbackTestStub();
+  GrpclbRouteType grpclb_route_type = DoRPCAndGetPath(stub.get(), 20);
+  if (grpclb_route_type != GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_BACKEND) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Expected grpclb route type: BACKEND. Got: %d",
+            grpclb_route_type);
+    abort();
+  }
+  RunCommand(break_lb_and_backend_conns_cmd);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+    GrpclbRouteType grpclb_route_type =
+        DoWaitForReadyRPCAndGetPath(stub.get(), 1);
+    // Backends should be unreachable by now, otherwise the test is broken.
+    GPR_ASSERT(grpclb_route_type != GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_BACKEND);
+    if (grpclb_route_type == GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_FALLBACK) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+              "Made one successul RPC to a fallback. Now expect the same for "
+              "the rest.");
+      break;
+    } else {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Retryable RPC failure on iteration: %" PRIdPTR, i);
+    }
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
+    GrpclbRouteType grpclb_route_type = DoRPCAndGetPath(stub.get(), 20);
+    if (grpclb_route_type != GrpclbRouteType::GRPCLB_ROUTE_TYPE_FALLBACK) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Expected grpclb route type: FALLBACK. Got: %d",
+              grpclb_route_type);
+      abort();
+    }
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+  }
+}
+
+void DoFastFallbackAfterStartup() {
+  RunFallbackAfterStartupTest(FLAGS_unroute_lb_and_backend_addrs_cmd);
+}
+
+void DoSlowFallbackAfterStartup() {
+  RunFallbackAfterStartupTest(FLAGS_blackhole_lb_and_backend_addrs_cmd);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  grpc::testing::InitTest(&argc, &argv, true);
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Testing: %s", FLAGS_test_case.c_str());
+  if (FLAGS_test_case == "fast_fallback_before_startup") {
+    DoFastFallbackBeforeStartup();
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoFastFallbackBeforeStartup done!");
+  } else if (FLAGS_test_case == "slow_fallback_before_startup") {
+    DoSlowFallbackBeforeStartup();
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoSlowFallbackBeforeStartup done!");
+  } else if (FLAGS_test_case == "fast_fallback_after_startup") {
+    DoFastFallbackAfterStartup();
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoFastFallbackAfterStartup done!");
+  } else if (FLAGS_test_case == "slow_fallback_after_startup") {
+    DoSlowFallbackAfterStartup();
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "DoSlowFallbackAfterStartup done!");
+  } else {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid test case: %s", FLAGS_test_case.c_str());
+    abort();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/generated/sources_and_headers.json b/tools/run_tests/generated/sources_and_headers.json
index 7a1baae..0b56c7b 100644
--- a/tools/run_tests/generated/sources_and_headers.json
+++ b/tools/run_tests/generated/sources_and_headers.json
@@ -4042,6 +4042,35 @@
       "gpr", 
       "grpc", 
       "grpc++", 
+      "grpc++_test_config", 
+      "grpc++_test_util", 
+      "grpc_test_util"
+    ], 
+    "headers": [
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.grpc.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/empty.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/empty_mock.grpc.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.grpc.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/messages.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/messages_mock.grpc.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/test.grpc.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/test.pb.h", 
+      "src/proto/grpc/testing/test_mock.grpc.pb.h"
+    ], 
+    "is_filegroup": false, 
+    "language": "c++", 
+    "name": "grpclb_fallback_test", 
+    "src": [
+      "test/cpp/interop/grpclb_fallback_test.cc"
+    ], 
+    "third_party": false, 
+    "type": "target"
+  }, 
+  {
+    "deps": [
+      "gpr", 
+      "grpc", 
+      "grpc++", 
       "grpc++_test", 
       "grpc_test_util"
     ], 
diff --git a/tools/run_tests/generated/tests.json b/tools/run_tests/generated/tests.json
index 2ac5292..f4757e5 100644
--- a/tools/run_tests/generated/tests.json
+++ b/tools/run_tests/generated/tests.json
@@ -4817,6 +4817,24 @@
     "args": [], 
     "benchmark": false, 
     "ci_platforms": [
+      "linux"
+    ], 
+    "cpu_cost": 1.0, 
+    "exclude_configs": [], 
+    "exclude_iomgrs": [], 
+    "flaky": false, 
+    "gtest": false, 
+    "language": "c++", 
+    "name": "grpclb_fallback_test", 
+    "platforms": [
+      "linux"
+    ], 
+    "uses_polling": true
+  }, 
+  {
+    "args": [], 
+    "benchmark": false, 
+    "ci_platforms": [
       "linux", 
       "mac", 
       "posix",