[libc++] Remove cycle between <type_traits> and <cstddef>

This was caused by byte depending on traits. This patch moves
the minimal amount of meta-programming into <cstddef> to break the cycle.

Cr-Mirrored-From: sso://chromium.googlesource.com/_direct/external/github.com/llvm/llvm-project
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: cccf1ef0c89432339363fc0121e3d97f5a04ac69
2 files changed