Upgrade mypy to 2.3.0 on Python 3.10+ (#15414)

mypy 2.3 changed the error code for "Too many positional arguments" from
[misc] to [call-arg]. Since the Python 3.9 flake job stays on mypy 1.19
(mypy 2.x requires Python 3.10+), no single error code works for both, so
use a bare `type: ignore` at those call sites.


Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01RAxXsKkjKM9hT6CrMdDcpk

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>