// This file is generated by Tools/cases_generator/tier1_generator.py
// from:
//   Python/bytecodes.c
// Do not edit!

#ifdef TIER_TWO
    #error "This file is for Tier 1 only"
#endif
#define TIER_ONE 1


        TARGET(BINARY_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP);
            PREDICTED(BINARY_OP);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef lhs;
            _PyStackRef rhs;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_OP
            {
                rhs = stack_pointer[-1];
                lhs = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION_FT
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(lhs, rhs, next_instr, oparg, LOCALS_ARRAY);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_OP);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION_FT */
                assert(NB_ADD <= oparg);
                assert(oparg <= NB_INPLACE_XOR);
            }
            // _BINARY_OP
            {
                PyObject *lhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(lhs);
                PyObject *rhs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(rhs);
                assert(_PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg]);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs_o, rhs_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(lhs);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(rhs);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval +
                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
                PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                PyObject *res_o = PyUnicode_Concat(left_o, right_o);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE
            {
                #ifndef NDEBUG
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                #endif
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                int next_oparg;
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
                next_oparg = next_instr->op.arg;
                #else
                next_oparg = CURRENT_OPERAND0();
                #endif
                _PyStackRef *target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_oparg);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_Is(*target_local, left), BINARY_OP);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                /* Handle `left = left + right` or `left += right` for str.
                 *
                 * When possible, extend `left` in place rather than
                 * allocating a new PyUnicodeObject. This attempts to avoid
                 * quadratic behavior when one neglects to use str.join().
                 *
                 * If `left` has only two references remaining (one from
                 * the stack, one in the locals), DECREFing `left` leaves
                 * only the locals reference, so PyUnicode_Append knows
                 * that the string is safe to mutate.
                 */
                assert(Py_REFCNT(left_o) >= 2);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
                PyObject *temp = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(*target_local);
                PyUnicode_Append(&temp, right_o);
                *target_local = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(temp);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*target_local)) goto pop_2_error;
                #if TIER_ONE
                // The STORE_FAST is already done. This is done here in tier one,
                // and during trace projection in tier two:
                assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
                SKIP_OVER(1);
                #endif
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval *
                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
                PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left_o)->ob_fval -
                ((PyFloatObject *)right_o)->ob_fval;
                PyObject *res_o = _PyFloat_FromDouble_ConsumeInputs(left, right, dres);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left_o, (PyLongObject *)right_o);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SLICE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SLICE);
            _PyStackRef container;
            _PyStackRef start;
            _PyStackRef stop;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SLICE
            {
                // Placeholder until we implement BINARY_SLICE specialization
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_SLICE);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _BINARY_SLICE
            {
                stop = stack_pointer[-1];
                start = stack_pointer[-2];
                container = stack_pointer[-3];
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyObject *res_o;
                // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
                // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
                if (slice == NULL) {
                    res_o = NULL;
                }
                else {
                    stack_pointer += -2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    res_o = PyObject_GetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    Py_DECREF(slice);
                    stack_pointer += 2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR);
            PREDICTED(BINARY_SUBSCR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef container;
            _PyStackRef sub;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SUBSCR
            {
                sub = stack_pointer[-1];
                container = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                assert(frame->stackpointer == NULL);
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _BINARY_SUBSCR
            {
                PyObject *container_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container);
                PyObject *sub_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_GetItem(container_o, sub_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef dict_st;
            _PyStackRef sub_st;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            PyObject *res_o;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (rc == 0) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub_st);
            if (rc <= 0) goto pop_2_error;
            // not found or error
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef container;
            _PyStackRef sub;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            }
            // _BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC
            {
                container = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE), BINARY_SUBSCR);
                PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
                PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
                DEOPT_IF(getitem == NULL, BINARY_SUBSCR);
                assert(PyFunction_Check(getitem));
                uint32_t cached_version = ht->_spec_cache.getitem_version;
                DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)getitem)->func_version != cached_version, BINARY_SUBSCR);
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(getitem);
                assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), BINARY_SUBSCR);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            }
            // _BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL
            {
                sub = stack_pointer[-1];
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container));
                PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
                PyObject *getitem = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(getitem), 2, frame);
                new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
                new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
                frame->return_offset = 2 ;
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -2;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef list_st;
            _PyStackRef sub_st;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            list_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyList_Size(list)
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            PyObject *res_o = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
            assert(res_o != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(res_o);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef str_st;
            _PyStackRef sub_st;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            str_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
            PyObject *str = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(str_st);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(str), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) <= index, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Specialize for reading an ASCII character from any string:
            Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, index);
            DEOPT_IF(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii) <= c, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            PyObject *res_o = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(str_st);
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef tuple_st;
            _PyStackRef sub_st;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            tuple_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
            PyObject *tuple = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(tuple_st);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyTuple_Size(list)
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            PyObject *res_o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
            assert(res_o != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(res_o);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(tuple_st);
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_LIST);
            _PyStackRef *values;
            _PyStackRef list;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            PyObject *list_o = _PyList_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
            if (list_o == NULL) {
                stack_pointer += -oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                goto error;
            }
            list = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(list_o);
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = list;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_MAP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_MAP);
            _PyStackRef *values;
            _PyStackRef map;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg*2];
            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(values, oparg*2, values_o);
            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(values_o)) {
                for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
                }
                {
                    stack_pointer += -oparg*2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *map_o = _PyDict_FromItems(
                values_o, 2,
                values_o+1, 2,
                oparg);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(values_o);
            for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
            }
            if (map_o == NULL) {
                stack_pointer += -oparg*2;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                goto error;
            }
            map = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(map_o);
            stack_pointer[-oparg*2] = map;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg*2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_SET) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_SET);
            _PyStackRef *values;
            _PyStackRef set;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *set_o = PySet_New(NULL);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (set_o == NULL) {
                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[_i]);
                }
                {
                    stack_pointer += -oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            int err = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                if (err == 0) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    err = PySet_Add(set_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[i]));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(values[i]);
            }
            if (err != 0) {
                Py_DECREF(set_o);
                {
                    stack_pointer += -oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            set = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(set_o);
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = set;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_SLICE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_SLICE);
            _PyStackRef start;
            _PyStackRef stop;
            _PyStackRef step = PyStackRef_NULL;
            _PyStackRef slice;
            if (oparg == 3) { step = stack_pointer[-((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)]; }
            stop = stack_pointer[-1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
            start = stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
            PyObject *start_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(start);
            PyObject *stop_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(stop);
            PyObject *step_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(step);
            PyObject *slice_o = PySlice_New(start_o, stop_o, step_o);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(start);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(stop);
            PyStackRef_XCLOSE(step);
            if (slice_o == NULL) {
                stack_pointer += -2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                goto error;
            }
            slice = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(slice_o);
            stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)] = slice;
            stack_pointer += -1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_STRING) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_STRING);
            _PyStackRef *pieces;
            _PyStackRef str;
            pieces = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(pieces, oparg, pieces_o);
            if (CONVERSION_FAILED(pieces_o)) {
                for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(pieces[_i]);
                }
                {
                    stack_pointer += -oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            PyObject *str_o = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces_o, oparg);
            STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(pieces_o);
            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(pieces[_i]);
            }
            if (str_o == NULL) {
                stack_pointer += -oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                goto error;
            }
            str = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(str_o);
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = str;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_TUPLE);
            _PyStackRef *values;
            _PyStackRef tup;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            PyObject *tup_o = _PyTuple_FromStackRefSteal(values, oparg);
            if (tup_o == NULL) {
                stack_pointer += -oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                goto error;
            }
            tup = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tup_o);
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = tup;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CACHE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CACHE);
            assert(0 && "Executing a cache.");
            Py_FatalError("Executing a cache.");
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL);
            PREDICTED(CALL);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 4;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef *func;
            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_CALL
            {
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_Call(callable[0], next_instr, oparg + !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CALL);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
                    maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
                    _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
                    func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
                }
            }
            // _DO_CALL
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                // Check if the call can be inlined or not
                if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
                {
                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                        tstate, callable[0], locals,
                        args, total_args, NULL, frame
                    );
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                    // so there is no need to clean them up.
                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    frame->return_offset = 4 ;
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                }
                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                    callable_o, args_o,
                    total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                    NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
                    PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                    if (res_o == NULL) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    }
                    else {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err < 0) {
                            Py_CLEAR(res_o);
                        }
                    }
                }
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef *init;
            _PyStackRef *self;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *init_frame;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                init = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable_o), CALL);
                PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, CALL);
                assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
                PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable_o;
                PyFunctionObject *init_func = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init_func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize + _Py_InitCleanup.co_framesize), CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyObject *self_o = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
                if (self_o == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_o);
                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
                init[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(init_func);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
            }
            // _CREATE_INIT_FRAME
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                init = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *shim = _PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(
                    tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1, frame);
                assert(_PyFrame_GetBytecode(shim)[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                /* Push self onto stack of shim */
                shim->localsplus[0] = PyStackRef_DUP(self[0]);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                init_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                    tstate, init[0], NULL, args-1, oparg+1, NULL, shim);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                stack_pointer[-2 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)init_frame;
                stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                if (init_frame == NULL) {
                    _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, shim);
                    goto error;
                }
                frame->return_offset = 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL;
                /* Account for pushing the extra frame.
                 * We don't check recursion depth here,
                 * as it will be checked after start_frame */
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                new_frame = init_frame;
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *null;
            _PyStackRef *func;
            _PyStackRef *self;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0])) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
            }
            // _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
                func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
            }
            // flush
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION
            {
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                assert(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])), CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
            {
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1, CALL);
            }
            // _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
                _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
                new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
                for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                    first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
                }
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *null;
            _PyStackRef *method;
            _PyStackRef *self;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION
            {
                null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
                PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(func), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version, CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL);
            }
            // _EXPAND_METHOD
            {
                method = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
                _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
                method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
                assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
            }
            // flush
            // _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
                    args, total_args, NULL, frame
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack.
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                if (temp == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
                new_frame = temp;
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable_o), CALL);
                PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_vectorcall == NULL, CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args_o, total_args, NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                /* Free the arguments. */
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
                /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = ((PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
                    PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o),
                    args_o,
                    total_args);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                /* Free the arguments. */
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS functions */
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                /* res = func(self, args, nargs, kwnames) */
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
                (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))
                PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), args_o, total_args, NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                /* Free the arguments. */
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_O) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_O);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_BUILTIN_O
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                /* Builtin METH_O functions */
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable_o), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable_o) != METH_O, CALL);
                // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0, CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable_o);
                _PyStackRef arg = args[0];
                _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable_o), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
            PREDICTED(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 1;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef func;
            _PyStackRef callargs;
            _PyStackRef kwargs_in = PyStackRef_NULL;
            _PyStackRef tuple;
            _PyStackRef kwargs_out = PyStackRef_NULL;
            _PyStackRef func_st;
            _PyStackRef callargs_st;
            _PyStackRef kwargs_st = PyStackRef_NULL;
            _PyStackRef result;
            // _MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE
            {
                if (oparg & 1) { kwargs_in = stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)]; }
                callargs = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)];
                func = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)];
                PyObject *callargs_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs);
                if (PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs_o)) {
                    tuple = callargs;
                }
                else {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_Check_ArgsIterable(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func), callargs_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err < 0) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    PyObject *tuple_o = PySequence_Tuple(callargs_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (tuple_o == NULL) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs);
                    tuple = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(tuple_o);
                }
                kwargs_out = kwargs_in;
            }
            // _DO_CALL_FUNCTION_EX
            {
                kwargs_st = kwargs_out;
                callargs_st = tuple;
                func_st = func;
                PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_st);
                PyObject *callargs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callargs_st);
                PyObject *kwargs = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwargs_st);
                // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
                // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
                assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
                EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(EVAL_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, func);
                PyObject *result_o;
                assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
                    PyObject *arg = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs) > 0 ?
                    PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, 0) : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                    stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = callargs_st;
                    if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_st;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                        frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    result_o = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (!PyFunction_Check(func) && !PyMethod_Check(func)) {
                        if (result_o == NULL) {
                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                            _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                                frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        }
                        else {
                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                                frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                            if (err < 0) {
                                Py_CLEAR(result_o);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if (Py_TYPE(func) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                        tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                        ((PyFunctionObject *)func)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall) {
                        assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
                        Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs);
                        int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func))->co_flags;
                        PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func));
                        stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = callargs_st;
                        if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_st;
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(
                            tstate, func_st, locals,
                            nargs, callargs, kwargs, frame);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        // Need to sync the stack since we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED.
                        stack_pointer += -3 - (oparg & 1);
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        if (new_frame == NULL) {
                            goto error;
                        }
                        assert( 1 == 1);
                        frame->return_offset = 1;
                        DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                    }
                    stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)] = callargs_st;
                    if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)] = kwargs_st;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    result_o = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyStackRef_XCLOSE(kwargs_st);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callargs_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(func_st);
                if (result_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -3 - (oparg & 1);
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)] = result;
                    stack_pointer += -2 - (oparg & 1);
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 2 + (oparg & 1);
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)] = result;
            stack_pointer += -2 - (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_INTRINSIC_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_INTRINSIC_1);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_1);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_INTRINSIC_2) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_INTRINSIC_2);
            _PyStackRef value2_st;
            _PyStackRef value1_st;
            _PyStackRef res;
            value1_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            value2_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_2);
            PyObject *value1 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value1_st);
            PyObject *value2 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value2_st);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value2_st);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value1_st);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_ISINSTANCE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_ISINSTANCE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* isinstance(o, o2) */
            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.isinstance, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            _PyStackRef cls_stackref = args[1];
            _PyStackRef inst_stackref = args[0];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(inst_stackref), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(cls_stackref));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (retval < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
            res = retval ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            assert((!PyStackRef_IsNull(res)) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(inst_stackref);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(cls_stackref);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_KW) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW);
            PREDICTED(CALL_KW);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 4;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef kwnames;
            _PyStackRef kwnames_in;
            _PyStackRef *func;
            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
            _PyStackRef kwnames_out;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_CALL_KW
            {
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_CallKw(callable[0], next_instr, oparg + !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CALL_KW);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW
            {
                kwnames_in = stack_pointer[-1];
                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                func = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
                    maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
                    _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
                    func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
                }
                kwnames_out = kwnames_in;
            }
            // _DO_CALL_KW
            {
                kwnames = kwnames_out;
                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
                // Check if the call can be inlined or not
                if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
                {
                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                    stack_pointer[-1] = kwnames;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                        tstate, callable[0], locals,
                        args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
                    );
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                    // Sync stack explicitly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
                    stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                    // so there is no need to clean them up.
                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    assert( 4 == 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW);
                    frame->return_offset = 4 ;
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                }
                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                stack_pointer[-1] = kwnames;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                    callable_o, args_o,
                    positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                    kwnames_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
                    PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                    if (res_o == NULL) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    }
                    else {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err < 0) {
                            Py_CLEAR(res_o);
                        }
                    }
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW_BOUND_METHOD);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *null;
            _PyStackRef kwnames;
            _PyStackRef *method;
            _PyStackRef *self;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL_KW);
            }
            // _CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW
            {
                null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL_KW);
                PyObject *func = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(func), CALL_KW);
                DEOPT_IF(((PyFunctionObject *)func)->func_version != func_version, CALL_KW);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]), CALL_KW);
            }
            // _EXPAND_METHOD_KW
            {
                method = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                self = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                _PyStackRef callable_s = callable[0];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable_s);
                assert(PyStackRef_IsNull(null[0]));
                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type);
                self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self);
                method[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func);
                assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(method[0]));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable_s);
            }
            // flush
            // _PY_FRAME_KW
            {
                kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
                    args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                // so there is no need to clean them up.
                stack_pointer[-3 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                if (new_frame == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_KW_NON_PY) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW_NON_PY);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef kwnames;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW
            {
                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL_KW);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type, CALL_KW);
            }
            // _CALL_KW_NON_PY
            {
                kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
                #endif
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                    callable_o, args_o,
                    positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                    kwnames_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -3 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 2 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_KW_PY) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW_PY);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL_KW == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef kwnames;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL_KW);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW
            {
                callable = &stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL_KW);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL_KW);
            }
            // _PY_FRAME_KW
            {
                kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
                args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                PyObject *kwnames_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(kwnames);
                int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames_o);
                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
                    args, positional_args, kwnames_o, frame
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(kwnames);
                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                // so there is no need to clean them up.
                stack_pointer[-3 - oparg].bits = (uintptr_t)new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                if (new_frame == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_LEN) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_LEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* len(o) */
            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.len, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[0];
            PyObject *arg = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (len_i < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
            PyObject *res_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
            assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            if (res_o == NULL) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_LIST_APPEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_LIST_APPEND);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef callable;
            _PyStackRef self;
            _PyStackRef arg;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
            self = stack_pointer[-2];
            callable = stack_pointer[-3];
            assert(oparg == 1);
            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
            PyObject *self_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != interp->callable_cache.list_append, CALL);
            assert(self_o != NULL);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(self_o), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self_o, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(arg));
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable);
            if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            #if TIER_ONE
            // Skip the following POP_TOP. This is done here in tier one, and
            // during trace projection in tier two:
            assert(next_instr->op.code == POP_TOP);
            SKIP_OVER(1);
            #endif
            stack_pointer += -3;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                int nargs = total_args - 1;
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
                (PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
                PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != (METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
                PyTypeObject *d_type = method->d_common.d_type;
                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type), CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                int nargs = total_args - 1;
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
                (PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
                PyObject *res_o = cfunc(self, (args_o + 1), nargs, NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                /* Free the arguments. */
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref);
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS, CALL);
                // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0, CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
                _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
                PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
                DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O, CALL);
                // CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall function calls.
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0, CALL);
                _PyStackRef arg_stackref = args[1];
                _PyStackRef self_stackref = args[0];
                DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
                                method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
                _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstateUnchecked(tstate);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc,
                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_stackref),
                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg_stackref));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_stackref);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg_stackref);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE
            {
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
            }
            // _CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(opcode != INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
                #endif
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_or_null[0]);
                    for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[_i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                    callable_o, args_o,
                    total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                    NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION
            {
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                assert(PyFunction_Check(callable_o));
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])), CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
            {
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1, CALL);
            }
            // _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0]);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, callable[0], oparg + has_self, frame);
                _PyStackRef *first_non_self_local = new_frame->localsplus + has_self;
                new_frame->localsplus[0] = self_or_null[0];
                for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                    first_non_self_local[i] = args[i];
                }
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_PY_GENERAL) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_PY_GENERAL);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION
            {
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable_o), CALL);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable_o;
                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
            }
            // _PY_FRAME_GENERAL
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                assert(Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type);
                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                    tstate, callable[0], locals,
                    args, total_args, NULL, frame
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack.
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                if (temp == NULL) {
                    goto error;
                }
                new_frame = temp;
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_STR_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_STR_1);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef callable;
            _PyStackRef null;
            _PyStackRef arg;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_STR_1
            {
                arg = stack_pointer[-1];
                null = stack_pointer[-2];
                callable = stack_pointer[-3];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
                PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
                assert(oparg == 1);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Str(arg_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-3] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_TUPLE_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_TUPLE_1);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef callable;
            _PyStackRef null;
            _PyStackRef arg;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL_TUPLE_1
            {
                arg = stack_pointer[-1];
                null = stack_pointer[-2];
                callable = stack_pointer[-3];
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
                PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
                assert(oparg == 1);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type, CALL);
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PySequence_Tuple(arg_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-3] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_TYPE_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_TYPE_1);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef callable;
            _PyStackRef null;
            _PyStackRef arg;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            arg = stack_pointer[-1];
            null = stack_pointer[-2];
            callable = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
            PyObject *arg_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(arg);
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_IsNull(null), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(callable_o != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(arg_o)));
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(arg);
            stack_pointer[-3] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CHECK_EG_MATCH) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CHECK_EG_MATCH);
            _PyStackRef exc_value_st;
            _PyStackRef match_type_st;
            _PyStackRef rest;
            _PyStackRef match;
            match_type_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            exc_value_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
            PyObject *match_type = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(match_type_st);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(match_type_st);
                goto pop_2_error;
            }
            PyObject *match_o = NULL;
            PyObject *rest_o = NULL;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int res = _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(exc_value, match_type,
                &match_o, &rest_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(match_type_st);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
            assert((match_o == NULL) == (rest_o == NULL));
            if (match_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            if (!Py_IsNone(match_o)) {
                stack_pointer += -2;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyErr_SetHandledException(match_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                stack_pointer += 2;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            }
            rest = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(rest_o);
            match = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(match_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = rest;
            stack_pointer[-1] = match;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CHECK_EXC_MATCH) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CHECK_EXC_MATCH);
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left_o));
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
                goto pop_1_error;
            }
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left_o, right_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = b;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CLEANUP_THROW) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CLEANUP_THROW);
            _PyStackRef sub_iter_st;
            _PyStackRef last_sent_val_st;
            _PyStackRef exc_value_st;
            _PyStackRef none;
            _PyStackRef value;
            exc_value_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            last_sent_val_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            sub_iter_st = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_value_st);
            assert(throwflag);
            assert(exc_value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int matches = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (matches) {
                none = PyStackRef_None;
                value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub_iter_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(last_sent_val_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_value_st);
            }
            else {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, Py_NewRef(exc_value));
                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto exception_unwind;
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = none;
            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP);
            PREDICTED(COMPARE_OP);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_COMPARE_OP
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, oparg);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(COMPARE_OP);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _COMPARE_OP
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                assert((oparg >> 5) <= Py_GE);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_RichCompare(left_o, right_o, oparg >> 5);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                if (oparg & 16) {
                    stack_pointer += -2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    Py_DECREF(res_o);
                    if (res_bool < 0) goto error;
                    res = res_bool ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                }
                else {
                    res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
                    stack_pointer += -2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left_o), COMPARE_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right_o), COMPARE_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _COMPARE_OP_FLOAT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
                double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left_o);
                double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right_o);
                // 1 if NaN, 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches low four bits of the oparg
                int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(dleft, dright);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
                res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left_o), COMPARE_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right_o), COMPARE_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _COMPARE_OP_INT
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left_o), COMPARE_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right_o), COMPARE_OP);
                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
                assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left_o) <= 1 &&
                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right_o) <= 1);
                Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left_o);
                Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right_o);
                // 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches the low 4 bits of the oparg
                int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(ileft, iright);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                res =  (sign_ish & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_STR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_STR);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left_o), COMPARE_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right_o), COMPARE_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _COMPARE_OP_STR
            {
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
                int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left_o, right_o);
                assert((oparg >> 5) == Py_EQ || (oparg >> 5) == Py_NE);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                assert(eq == 0 || eq == 1);
                assert((oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS || (oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
                assert(COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + 1 == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
                res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
                // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CONTAINS_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP);
            PREDICTED(CONTAINS_OP);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef b;
            // _SPECIALIZE_CONTAINS_OP
            {
                right = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION_FT
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_ContainsOp(right, next_instr);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(CONTAINS_OP);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _CONTAINS_OP
            {
                left = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
                PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int res = PySequence_Contains(right_o, left_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
                if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
                b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = b;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CONTAINS_OP_DICT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CONTAINS_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef b;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(right_o), CONTAINS_OP);
            STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int res = PyDict_Contains(right_o, left_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[-2] = b;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CONTAINS_OP_SET) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP_SET);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CONTAINS_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef b;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *left_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left);
            PyObject *right_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right);
            DEOPT_IF(!(PySet_CheckExact(right_o) || PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(right_o)), CONTAINS_OP);
            STAT_INC(CONTAINS_OP, hit);
            // Note: both set and frozenset use the same seq_contains method!
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int res = _PySet_Contains((PySetObject *)right_o, left_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
            b = (res ^ oparg) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[-2] = b;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CONVERT_VALUE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONVERT_VALUE);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef result;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            conversion_func conv_fn;
            assert(oparg >= FVC_STR && oparg <= FVC_ASCII);
            conv_fn = _PyEval_ConversionFuncs[oparg];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *result_o = conv_fn(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            if (result_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            result = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(result_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = result;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COPY) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COPY);
            _PyStackRef bottom;
            _PyStackRef top;
            bottom = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg-1)];
            assert(oparg > 0);
            top = PyStackRef_DUP(bottom);
            stack_pointer[0] = top;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COPY_FREE_VARS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COPY_FREE_VARS);
            /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
            PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
            PyObject *closure = func->func_closure;
            assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
            int offset = co->co_nlocalsplus - oparg;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
                PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(o);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_ATTR);
            _PyStackRef owner;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_DEREF);
            PyObject *cell = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            // Fortunately we don't need its superpower.
            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_SwapTakeRef((PyCellObject *)cell, NULL);
            if (oldobj == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(oldobj);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_FAST);
            _PyStackRef v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(v)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                    UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                    PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_NULL);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_GLOBAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_GLOBAL);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyDict_Pop(GLOBALS(), name, NULL);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            if (err < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
            if (err == 0) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                    NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_NAME);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
            int err;
            if (ns == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals when deleting %R", name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            if (err != 0) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                    NAME_ERROR_MSG,
                    name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_SUBSCR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_SUBSCR);
            _PyStackRef container;
            _PyStackRef sub;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            /* del container[sub] */
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyObject_DelItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container),
                                       PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
            if (err) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DICT_MERGE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DICT_MERGE);
            _PyStackRef callable;
            _PyStackRef dict;
            _PyStackRef update;
            update = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
            callable = stack_pointer[-5 - (oparg - 1)];
            PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable);
            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _PyDict_MergeEx(dict_o, update_o, 2);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable_o, update_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
                goto pop_1_error;
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DICT_UPDATE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DICT_UPDATE);
            _PyStackRef dict;
            _PyStackRef update;
            update = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
            PyObject *dict_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict);
            PyObject *update_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(update);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyDict_Update(dict_o, update_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (matches) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
                                  Py_TYPE(update_o)->tp_name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
                goto pop_1_error;
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(update);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(END_ASYNC_FOR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_ASYNC_FOR);
            _PyStackRef awaitable_st;
            _PyStackRef exc_st;
            exc_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            awaitable_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exc_st);
            assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int matches = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (matches) {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(awaitable_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(exc_st);
            }
            else {
                Py_INCREF(exc);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto exception_unwind;
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(END_FOR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_FOR);
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(END_SEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_SEND);
            _PyStackRef receiver;
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef val;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            (void)receiver;
            val = value;
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
            stack_pointer[-2] = val;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(ENTER_EXECUTOR);
            #ifdef _Py_TIER2
            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
            _PyExecutorObject *executor = code->co_executors->executors[oparg & 255];
            assert(executor->vm_data.index == INSTR_OFFSET() - 1);
            assert(executor->vm_data.code == code);
            assert(executor->vm_data.valid);
            assert(tstate->previous_executor == NULL);
            /* If the eval breaker is set then stay in tier 1.
             * This avoids any potentially infinite loops
             * involving _RESUME_CHECK */
            if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                opcode = executor->vm_data.opcode;
                oparg = (oparg & ~255) | executor->vm_data.oparg;
                next_instr = this_instr;
                if (_PyOpcode_Caches[_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode]]) {
                    PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                }
                DISPATCH_GOTO();
            }
            tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
            Py_INCREF(executor);
            GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
            #else
            Py_FatalError("ENTER_EXECUTOR is not supported in this build");
            #endif /* _Py_TIER2 */
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(EXIT_INIT_CHECK) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
            _PyStackRef should_be_none;
            should_be_none = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 2);
            if (!PyStackRef_Is(should_be_none, PyStackRef_None)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "__init__() should return None, not '%.200s'",
                             Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(should_be_none))->tp_name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(EXTENDED_ARG) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(EXTENDED_ARG);
            assert(oparg);
            opcode = next_instr->op.code;
            oparg = oparg << 8 | next_instr->op.arg;
            PRE_DISPATCH_GOTO();
            DISPATCH_GOTO();
        }

        TARGET(FORMAT_SIMPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FORMAT_SIMPLE);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
            /* If value is a unicode object, then we know the result
             * of format(value) is value itself. */
            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(value_o, NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            else {
                res = value;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FORMAT_WITH_SPEC) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FORMAT_WITH_SPEC);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef fmt_spec;
            _PyStackRef res;
            fmt_spec = stack_pointer[-1];
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Format(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fmt_spec));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fmt_spec);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER);
            PREDICTED(FOR_ITER);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef iter;
            _PyStackRef next;
            // _SPECIALIZE_FOR_ITER
            {
                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_ForIter(iter, next_instr, oparg);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(FOR_ITER);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _FOR_ITER
            {
                /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] (and jump over END_FOR.) */
                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *next_o = (*Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_iternext)(iter_o);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (next_o == NULL) {
                    if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (!matches) {
                            goto error;
                        }
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    }
                    /* iterator ended normally */
                    assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                       next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instruction */
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next_o);
                // Common case: no jump, leave it to the code generator
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_GEN) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_GEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef iter;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _FOR_ITER_GEN_FRAME
            {
                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type, FOR_ITER);
                DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, FOR_ITER);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
                _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, PyStackRef_None);
                gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
                gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
                tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
                gen_frame->previous = frame;
                // oparg is the return offset from the next instruction.
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)( 2 + oparg);
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                new_frame = gen_frame;
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_LIST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef iter;
            _PyStackRef next;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _ITER_CHECK_LIST
            {
                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyListIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _ITER_JUMP_LIST
            {
                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                if (seq == NULL || (size_t)it->it_index >= (size_t)PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
                    it->it_index = -1;
                    #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
                    if (seq != NULL) {
                        it->it_seq = NULL;
                        Py_DECREF(seq);
                    }
                    #endif
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions */
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _ITER_NEXT_LIST
            {
                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter_o;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyListIter_Type);
                PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                assert(seq);
                assert(it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_RANGE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_RANGE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef iter;
            _PyStackRef next;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _ITER_CHECK_RANGE
            {
                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _ITER_JUMP_RANGE
            {
                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                if (r->len <= 0) {
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                    // Jump over END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions.
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _ITER_NEXT_RANGE
            {
                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
                assert(r->len > 0);
                long value = r->start;
                r->start = value + r->step;
                r->len--;
                PyObject *res = PyLong_FromLong(value);
                if (res == NULL) goto error;
                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res);
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_TUPLE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef iter;
            _PyStackRef next;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE
            {
                iter = stack_pointer[-1];
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter)) != &PyTupleIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _ITER_JUMP_TUPLE
            {
                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                if (seq == NULL || it->it_index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
                    if (seq != NULL) {
                        it->it_seq = NULL;
                        Py_DECREF(seq);
                    }
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter);
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR and POP_TOP instructions */
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 2);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE
            {
                PyObject *iter_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter);
                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter_o;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter_o) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
                PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                assert(seq);
                assert(it->it_index < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
                next = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_AITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_AITER);
            _PyStackRef obj;
            _PyStackRef iter;
            obj = stack_pointer[-1];
            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
            PyObject *obj_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj);
            PyObject *iter_o;
            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj_o);
            if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
            }
            if (getter == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "'async for' requires an object with "
                              "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
                              type->tp_name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(obj);
                goto pop_1_error;
            }
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            iter_o = (*getter)(obj_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(obj);
            if (iter_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            if (Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
                Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                              "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
                              Py_TYPE(iter_o)->tp_name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                Py_DECREF(iter_o);
                goto error;
            }
            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_ANEXT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_ANEXT);
            _PyStackRef aiter;
            _PyStackRef awaitable;
            aiter = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *awaitable_o = _PyEval_GetANext(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(aiter));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (awaitable_o == NULL) {
                goto error;
            }
            awaitable = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(awaitable_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = awaitable;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_AWAITABLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_AWAITABLE);
            _PyStackRef iterable;
            _PyStackRef iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *iter_o = _PyEval_GetAwaitable(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable), oparg);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
            if (iter_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_ITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_ITER);
            _PyStackRef iterable;
            _PyStackRef iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *iter_o = PyObject_GetIter(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
            if (iter_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_LEN) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_LEN);
            _PyStackRef obj;
            _PyStackRef len;
            obj = stack_pointer[-1];
            // PUSH(len(TOS))
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(obj));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (len_i < 0) goto error;
            PyObject *len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
            if (len_o == NULL) goto error;
            len = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(len_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = len;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER);
            _PyStackRef iterable;
            _PyStackRef iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
            PyObject *iterable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable);
            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
                /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                if (!(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                    /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
                       regular generator. */
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                     "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
                                     "in a non-coroutine generator");
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    goto error;
                }
                iter = iterable;
            }
            else {
                if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable_o)) {
                    iter = iterable;
                }
                else {
                    /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    PyObject *iter_o = PyObject_GetIter(iterable_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (iter_o == NULL) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    iter = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(iter_o);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(IMPORT_FROM) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(IMPORT_FROM);
            _PyStackRef from;
            _PyStackRef res;
            from = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportFrom(tstate, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(from), name);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(IMPORT_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(IMPORT_NAME);
            _PyStackRef level;
            _PyStackRef fromlist;
            _PyStackRef res;
            fromlist = stack_pointer[-1];
            level = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = _PyEval_ImportName(tstate, frame, name,
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(fromlist),
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(level));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(level);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(fromlist);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
            _PyStackRef *callable;
            _PyStackRef *self_or_null;
            _PyStackRef *args;
            _PyStackRef *func;
            _PyStackRef *maybe_self;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 3 cache entries */
            // _MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                self_or_null = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                callable = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                if (PyStackRef_TYPE(callable[0]) == &PyMethod_Type && PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_self;
                    maybe_self[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(self);
                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable_o)->im_func;
                    _PyStackRef temp = callable[0];
                    func[0] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(method);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(temp);
                }
            }
            // _MONITOR_CALL
            {
                args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
                maybe_self = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
                func = &stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
                int is_meth = !PyStackRef_IsNull(maybe_self[0]);
                PyObject *function = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func[0]);
                PyObject *arg0;
                if (is_meth) {
                    arg0 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(maybe_self[0]);
                }
                else {
                    if (oparg) {
                        arg0 = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                    }
                    else {
                        arg0 = &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                    frame, this_instr, function, arg0
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) goto error;
            }
            // _DO_CALL
            {
                self_or_null = maybe_self;
                callable = func;
                PyObject *callable_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(callable[0]);
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (!PyStackRef_IsNull(self_or_null[0])) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                // Check if the call can be inlined or not
                if (Py_TYPE(callable_o) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable_o)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
                {
                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable_o))->co_flags;
                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable_o));
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                        tstate, callable[0], locals,
                        args, total_args, NULL, frame
                    );
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                    // so there is no need to clean them up.
                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    frame->return_offset = 4 ;
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                }
                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS(args, total_args, args_o);
                if (CONVERSION_FAILED(args_o)) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                    for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                    }
                    {
                        stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                        assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                    callable_o, args_o,
                    total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                    NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                STACKREFS_TO_PYOBJECTS_CLEANUP(args_o);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
                    PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(args[0]);
                    if (res_o == NULL) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    }
                    else {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                            frame, this_instr, callable_o, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err < 0) {
                            Py_CLEAR(res_o);
                        }
                    }
                }
                assert((res_o != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(callable[0]);
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(args[i]);
                }
                if (res_o == NULL) {
                    stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    goto error;
                }
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
                    stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                    stack_pointer += 1 + oparg;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW);
            uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
            (void)counter;
            uint32_t version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            (void)version;
            int is_meth = !PyStackRef_IsNull(PEEK(oparg + 2));
            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
            PyObject *function = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(PEEK(oparg + 3));
            PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ? &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING
        : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(PEEK(total_args + 1));
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                frame, this_instr, function, arg);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err) goto error;
            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_KW);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
            _PyStackRef receiver;
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            /* Need to create a fake StopIteration error here,
             * to conform to PEP 380 */
            if (PyStackRef_GenCheck(receiver)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) {
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND);
            _PyStackRef receiver;
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef val;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *receiver_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
            if (PyGen_Check(receiver_o) || PyCoro_CheckExact(receiver_o)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) {
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            val = value;
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(receiver);
            stack_pointer[-2] = val;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            _Py_CODEUNIT *target;
            _PyStackRef iter_stackref = TOP();
            PyObject *iter = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iter_stackref);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (next != NULL) {
                PUSH(PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(next));
                target = next_instr;
            }
            else {
                if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (!matches) {
                        goto error;
                    }
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                /* iterator ended normally */
                assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                       next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
                STACK_SHRINK(1);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iter_stackref);
                /* Skip END_FOR and POP_TOP */
                target = next_instr + oparg + 2;
            }
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, target, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int next_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(
                tstate, frame, this_instr);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (next_opcode < 0) goto error;
            next_instr = this_instr;
            if (_PyOpcode_Caches[next_opcode]) {
                PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(next_instr[1].counter);
            }
            assert(next_opcode > 0 && next_opcode < 256);
            opcode = next_opcode;
            DISPATCH_GOTO();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                }
            }
            // _MONITOR_JUMP_BACKWARD
            {
                INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr - oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD);
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_LINE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const prev_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_LINE);
            int original_opcode = 0;
            if (tstate->tracing) {
                PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                original_opcode = code->_co_monitoring->lines[(int)(this_instr - _PyFrame_GetBytecode(frame))].original_opcode;
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                next_instr = this_instr;
            } else {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                original_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_line(
                    tstate, frame, this_instr, prev_instr);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (original_opcode < 0) {
                    next_instr = this_instr+1;
                    goto error;
                }
                next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
                if (next_instr != this_instr) {
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            if (_PyOpcode_Caches[original_opcode]) {
                _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)(next_instr+1);
                /* Prevent the underlying instruction from specializing
                 * and overwriting the instrumentation. */
                PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache->counter);
            }
            opcode = original_opcode;
            DISPATCH_GOTO();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // cancel out the decrement that will happen in LOAD_SUPER_ATTR; we
            // don't want to specialize instrumented instructions
            PAUSE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            _PyStackRef cond = POP();
            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
            int offset = flag * oparg;
            RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            _PyStackRef value_stackref = POP();
            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(value_stackref, PyStackRef_None);
            int offset;
            if (flag) {
                offset = oparg;
            }
            else {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
                offset = 0;
            }
            RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            _PyStackRef value_stackref = POP();
            int offset;
            int nflag = PyStackRef_Is(value_stackref, PyStackRef_None);
            if (nflag) {
                offset = 0;
            }
            else {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value_stackref);
                offset = oparg;
            }
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | !nflag;
            #endif
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            _PyStackRef cond = POP();
            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
            int offset = flag * oparg;
            RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME);
            // _LOAD_BYTECODE
            {
                #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
                if (frame->tlbc_index !=
                    ((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate)->tlbc_index) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_CODEUNIT *bytecode =
                    _PyEval_GetExecutableCode(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (bytecode == NULL) goto error;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    ptrdiff_t off = this_instr - _PyFrame_GetBytecode(frame);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    frame->tlbc_index = ((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate)->tlbc_index;
                    frame->instr_ptr = bytecode + off;
                    // Make sure this_instr gets reset correctley for any uops that
                    // follow
                    next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
                    DISPATCH();
                }
                #endif
            }
            // _MAYBE_INSTRUMENT
            {
                if (tstate->tracing == 0) {
                    uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
                    uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
                    if (code_version != global_version) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err) {
                            goto error;
                        }
                        next_instr = this_instr;
                        DISPATCH();
                    }
                }
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM
            {
                if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
                    _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                    QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
                    if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err != 0) goto error;
                    }
                }
            }
            // _MONITOR_RESUME
            {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation(
                    tstate, oparg > 0, frame, this_instr);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) goto error;
                if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
                    /* Instrumentation has jumped */
                    next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
                }
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE);
            _PyStackRef val;
            _PyStackRef retval;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _RETURN_VALUE_EVENT
            {
                val = stack_pointer[-1];
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) goto error;
            }
            // _RETURN_VALUE
            {
                retval = val;
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                #endif
                _PyStackRef temp = retval;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(EMPTY());
                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
                // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
                _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
                frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
                _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
                res = temp;
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE);
            _PyStackRef val;
            _PyStackRef retval;
            _PyStackRef value;
            // _YIELD_VALUE_EVENT
            {
                val = stack_pointer[-1];
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD,
                    frame, this_instr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) {
                    goto error;
                }
                if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
                    next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _YIELD_VALUE
            {
                retval = val;
                // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
                // The compiler treats any exception raised here as a failed close()
                // or throw() call.
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                #endif
                frame->instr_ptr++;
                PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
                assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
                assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
                gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
                _PyStackRef temp = retval;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
                gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
                frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
                gen_frame->previous = NULL;
                /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
                assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_LINE ||
                  frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
                #endif
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
                value = temp;
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INTERPRETER_EXIT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INTERPRETER_EXIT);
            _PyStackRef retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(frame == &entry_frame);
            assert(_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame));
            /* Restore previous frame and return. */
            tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
            assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
            tstate->c_recursion_remaining += PY_EVAL_C_STACK_UNITS;
            PyObject *result = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(retval);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            /* Not strictly necessary, but prevents warnings */
            return result;
        }

        TARGET(IS_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(IS_OP);
            _PyStackRef left;
            _PyStackRef right;
            _PyStackRef b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
            // On free-threaded builds, objects are conditionally immortalized.
            // So their bits don't always compare equally.
            int res = Py_Is(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(left), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(right)) ^ oparg;
            #else
            int res = PyStackRef_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
            #endif
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(left);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(right);
            b = res ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[-2] = b;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_BACKWARD);
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC
            {
                _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate);
                if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err != 0) goto error;
                }
            }
            // _JUMP_BACKWARD
            {
                uint16_t the_counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)the_counter;
                assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
                JUMPBY(-oparg);
                #ifdef _Py_TIER2
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                _Py_BackoffCounter counter = this_instr[1].counter;
                if (backoff_counter_triggers(counter) && this_instr->op.code == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
                    _Py_CODEUNIT *start = this_instr;
                    /* Back up over EXTENDED_ARGs so optimizer sees the whole instruction */
                    while (oparg > 255) {
                        oparg >>= 8;
                        start--;
                    }
                    _PyExecutorObject *executor;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, start, stack_pointer, &executor, 0);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (optimized < 0) goto error;
                    if (optimized) {
                        assert(tstate->previous_executor == NULL);
                        tstate->previous_executor = Py_None;
                        GOTO_TIER_TWO(executor);
                    }
                    else {
                        this_instr[1].counter = restart_backoff_counter(counter);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                }
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                #endif /* _Py_TIER2 */
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT);
            /* This bytecode is used in the `yield from` or `await` loop.
             * If there is an interrupt, we want it handled in the innermost
             * generator or coroutine, so we deliberately do not check it here.
             * (see bpo-30039).
             */
            JUMPBY(-oparg);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(JUMP_FORWARD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_FORWARD);
            JUMPBY(oparg);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LIST_APPEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LIST_APPEND);
            _PyStackRef list;
            _PyStackRef v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            int err = _PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list),
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LIST_EXTEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LIST_EXTEND);
            _PyStackRef list_st;
            _PyStackRef iterable_st;
            iterable_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            list_st = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
            PyObject *iterable = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable_st);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (none_val == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (matches &&
                    (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                                  Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable_st);
                goto pop_1_error;
            }
            assert(Py_IsNone(none_val));
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable_st);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_ATTR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 10;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_ATTR
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_ATTR);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 8 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR
            {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
                PyObject *attr_o;
                if (oparg & 1) {
                    /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL, pushes two values. */
                    attr_o = NULL;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int is_meth = _PyObject_GetMethod(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name, &attr_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (is_meth) {
                        /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                           meth is unbound method and obj is self.
                           meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                         */
                        assert(attr_o != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
                        self_or_null = owner;  // Transfer ownership
                    }
                    else {
                        /* meth is not an unbound method (but a regular attr, or
                           something was returned by a descriptor protocol).  Set
                           the second element of the stack to NULL, to signal
                           CALL that it's not a method call.
                           meth | NULL | arg1 | ... | argN
                         */
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
                        if (attr_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
                        self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    /* Classic, pushes one value. */
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner), name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
                    if (attr_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
                    /* We need to define self_or_null on all paths */
                    self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                }
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = self_or_null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner_o), LOAD_ATTR);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner_o)->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS_WITH_METACLASS_CHECK);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner_o), LOAD_ATTR);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner_o)->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
            PyObject *getattribute = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner_o);
            assert(type_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(getattribute, &PyFunction_Type));
            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)getattribute;
            assert(func_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(
                tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(f), 2, frame);
            // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
            new_frame->localsplus[1] = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(name);
            frame->return_offset = 10 ;
            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES
            {
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE
            {
                uint16_t offset = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
                PyObject *attr_o = *value_ptr;
                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr_o);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT
            {
                uint16_t dictoffset = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                char *ptr = ((char *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner)) + MANAGED_DICT_OFFSET + dictoffset;
                PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **)ptr;
                /* This object has a __dict__, just not yet created */
                DEOPT_IF(dict != NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert(oparg & 1);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                self = owner;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            stack_pointer[0] = self;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert(oparg & 1);
                assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                self = owner;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            stack_pointer[0] = self;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef self = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT
            {
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION
            {
                uint32_t keys_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
                DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert(oparg & 1);
                /* Cached method object */
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
                self = owner;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            stack_pointer[0] = self;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t dict_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner_o), LOAD_ATTR);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
                assert(dict != NULL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != dict_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner_o)->md_dict;
                assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
                assert(index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + index;
                PyObject *attr_o = ep->me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr_o);
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
                assert(Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner))->tp_dictoffset == 0);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT
            {
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION
            {
                uint32_t keys_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
                DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(descr);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME
            {
                PyObject *fget = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
                assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
                PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF((code->co_flags & (CO_VARKEYWORDS | CO_VARARGS | CO_OPTIMIZED)) != CO_OPTIMIZED, LOAD_ATTR);
                DEOPT_IF(code->co_kwonlyargcount, LOAD_ATTR);
                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != 1, LOAD_ATTR);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(fget), 1, frame);
                new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
                PyObject *attr_o = *(PyObject **)addr;
                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(attr_o);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT
            {
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
                DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT
            {
                uint16_t hint = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                PyObject *attr_o;
                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
                DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, LOAD_ATTR);
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                DEOPT_IF(!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys), LOAD_ATTR);
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
                attr_o = ep->me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(attr_o == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr_o);
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS);
            _PyStackRef bc;
            PyObject *bc_o;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) goto error;
            if (bc_o == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                 "__build_class__ not found");
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            bc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(bc_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = bc;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT);
            _PyStackRef value;
            // Keep in sync with _common_constants in opcode.py
            // If we ever have more than two constants, use a lookup table
            PyObject *val;
            if (oparg == CONSTANT_ASSERTIONERROR) {
                val = PyExc_AssertionError;
            }
            else {
                assert(oparg == CONSTANT_NOTIMPLEMENTEDERROR);
                val = PyExc_NotImplementedError;
            }
            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(val);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_CONST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_CONST);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_CONST);
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg));
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_CONST_IMMORTAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_CONST_IMMORTAL);
            static_assert(0 == 0, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            PyObject *obj = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
            assert(_Py_IsImmortal(obj));
            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(obj);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_DEREF);
            _PyStackRef value;
            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
            PyObject *value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
            if (value_o == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST);
            _PyStackRef value;
            assert(!PyStackRef_IsNull(GETLOCAL(oparg)));
            value = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg));
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR);
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            // do not use SETLOCAL here, it decrefs the old value
            GETLOCAL(oparg) = PyStackRef_NULL;
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_CHECK) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_CHECK);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef value_s = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            if (PyStackRef_IsNull(value_s)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_UnboundLocalError,
                    UNBOUNDLOCAL_ERROR_MSG,
                    PyTuple_GetItem(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg)
                );
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            value = PyStackRef_DUP(value_s);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST);
            _PyStackRef value1;
            _PyStackRef value2;
            uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
            uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
            value1 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg1));
            value2 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg2));
            stack_pointer[0] = value1;
            stack_pointer[1] = value2;
            stack_pointer += 2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF);
            _PyStackRef class_dict_st;
            _PyStackRef value;
            class_dict_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *value_o;
            PyObject *name;
            PyObject *class_dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_dict_st);
            assert(class_dict);
            assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
            name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) {
                goto error;
            }
            if (!value_o) {
                PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
                value_o = PyCell_GetRef(cell);
                if (value_o == NULL) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    goto error;
                }
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_dict_st);
            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(value_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS);
            _PyStackRef mod_or_class_dict;
            _PyStackRef v;
            mod_or_class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *v_o;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(mod_or_class_dict), name, &v_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(mod_or_class_dict);
            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            if (v_o == NULL) {
                if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
                    && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
                {
                    stack_pointer += -1;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    v_o = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
                        (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
                        name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (v_o == NULL) {
                        if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                            /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
                             * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        }
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
                    /* namespace 1: globals */
                    stack_pointer += -1;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &v_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err < 0) goto error;
                    if (v_o == NULL) {
                        /* namespace 2: builtins */
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v_o);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err < 0) goto error;
                        if (v_o == NULL) {
                            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                                tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                            goto error;
                        }
                    }
                }
                stack_pointer += 1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            }
            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = v;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_GLOBAL);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 5;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef *res;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_GLOBAL
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _LOAD_GLOBAL
            {
                res = &stack_pointer[0];
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyEval_LoadGlobalStackRef(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), name, res);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (PyStackRef_IsNull(*res)) goto error;
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            }
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyDictKeysObject *builtins_keys;
            _PyStackRef res;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION
            {
                uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
                DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
            }
            // _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS
            {
                uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[3].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
                DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                builtins_keys = dict->ma_keys;
                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(builtins_keys));
            }
            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(builtins_keys);
                PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                Py_INCREF(res_o);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyDictKeysObject *globals_keys;
            _PyStackRef res;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION_PUSH_KEYS
            {
                uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
                DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                globals_keys = dict->ma_keys;
                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(globals_keys));
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(globals_keys);
                PyObject *res_o = entries[index].me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(res_o == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                Py_INCREF(res_o);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
                res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_LOCALS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_LOCALS);
            _PyStackRef locals;
            PyObject *l = LOCALS();
            if (l == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "no locals found");
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            locals = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(l);
            stack_pointer[0] = locals;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_NAME);
            _PyStackRef v;
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *v_o = _PyEval_LoadName(tstate, frame, name);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (v_o == NULL) goto error;
            v = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(v_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = v;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SMALL_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SMALL_INT);
            _PyStackRef value;
            assert(oparg < _PY_NSMALLPOSINTS);
            PyObject *obj = (PyObject *)&_PyLong_SMALL_INTS[_PY_NSMALLNEGINTS + oparg];
            value = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectImmortal(obj);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SPECIAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SPECIAL);
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef self_or_null;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(oparg <= SPECIAL_MAX);
            PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(owner);
            PyObject *name = _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].name;
            PyObject *self_or_null_o;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *attr_o = _PyObject_LookupSpecialMethod(owner_o, name, &self_or_null_o);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  _Py_SpecialMethods[oparg].error,
                                  Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                goto error;
            }
            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
            self_or_null = self_or_null_o == NULL ?
            PyStackRef_NULL : PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(self_or_null_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = attr;
            stack_pointer[1] = self_or_null;
            stack_pointer += 2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
            _PyStackRef class_st;
            _PyStackRef self_st;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
            {
                class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
                global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                int load_method = oparg & 1;
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(global_super_st, class_st, next_instr, load_method);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
            {
                self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
                PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
                PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
                PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                    PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                        frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err) {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                        goto pop_3_error;
                    }
                }
                // we make no attempt to optimize here; specializations should
                // handle any case whose performance we care about
                PyObject *stack[] = {class, self};
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *super = PyObject_Vectorcall(global_super, stack, oparg & 2, NULL);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                    PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                    if (super == NULL) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                            frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    }
                    else {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                            frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err < 0) {
                            Py_CLEAR(super);
                        }
                    }
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                if (super == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
                stack_pointer += -3;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *attr_o = PyObject_GetAttr(super, name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                Py_DECREF(super);
                if (attr_o == NULL) goto error;
                attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
                null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
            _PyStackRef class_st;
            _PyStackRef self_st;
            _PyStackRef attr_st;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
            assert(!(oparg & 1));
            DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
            if (attr == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
            attr_st = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr);
            stack_pointer[-3] = attr_st;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef global_super_st;
            _PyStackRef class_st;
            _PyStackRef self_st;
            _PyStackRef attr;
            _PyStackRef self_or_null;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            self_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            class_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super_st = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *global_super = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(global_super_st);
            PyObject *class = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(class_st);
            PyObject *self = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(self_st);
            assert(oparg & 1);
            DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
            PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)class;
            int method_found = 0;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *attr_o = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
                Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(global_super_st);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(class_st);
            if (attr_o == NULL) {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                goto pop_3_error;
            }
            if (method_found) {
                self_or_null = self_st; // transfer ownership
            } else {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(self_st);
                self_or_null = PyStackRef_NULL;
            }
            attr = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attr_o);
            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
            stack_pointer[-2] = self_or_null;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MAKE_CELL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAKE_CELL);
            // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
            // via the f_locals proxy before MAKE_CELL has run).
            PyObject *initial = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
            PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
            if (cell == NULL) {
                goto error;
            }
            SETLOCAL(oparg, PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(cell));
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MAKE_FUNCTION) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAKE_FUNCTION);
            _PyStackRef codeobj_st;
            _PyStackRef func;
            codeobj_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *codeobj = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(codeobj_st);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)
            PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(codeobj_st);
            if (func_obj == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            _PyFunction_SetVersion(
                                   func_obj, ((PyCodeObject *)codeobj)->co_version);
            func = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)func_obj);
            stack_pointer[-1] = func;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MAP_ADD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAP_ADD);
            _PyStackRef dict_st;
            _PyStackRef key;
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            key = stack_pointer[-2];
            dict_st = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
            assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
            /* dict[key] = value */
            // Do not DECREF INPUTS because the function steals the references
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2(
                (PyDictObject *)dict,
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(key),
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value)
            );
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err != 0) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_CLASS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_CLASS);
            _PyStackRef subject;
            _PyStackRef type;
            _PyStackRef names;
            _PyStackRef attrs;
            names = stack_pointer[-1];
            type = stack_pointer[-2];
            subject = stack_pointer[-3];
            // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
            // None on failure.
            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names)));
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *attrs_o = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate,
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject),
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(type), oparg,
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(names));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(subject);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(type);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(names);
            if (attrs_o) {
                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs_o));  // Success!
                attrs = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(attrs_o);
            }
            else {
                if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) goto pop_3_error;
                // Error!
                attrs = PyStackRef_None;  // Failure!
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = attrs;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_KEYS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_KEYS);
            _PyStackRef subject;
            _PyStackRef keys;
            _PyStackRef values_or_none;
            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
            subject = stack_pointer[-2];
            // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *values_or_none_o = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate,
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(subject), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(keys));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (values_or_none_o == NULL) goto error;
            values_or_none = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(values_or_none_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = values_or_none;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_MAPPING) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_MAPPING);
            _PyStackRef subject;
            _PyStackRef res;
            subject = stack_pointer[-1];
            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_SEQUENCE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_SEQUENCE);
            _PyStackRef subject;
            _PyStackRef res;
            subject = stack_pointer[-1];
            int match = PyStackRef_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
            res = match ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(NOP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(NOP);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_EXCEPT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_EXCEPT);
            _PyStackRef exc_value;
            exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value,
                       PyStackRef_Is(exc_value, PyStackRef_None)
                       ? NULL : PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_value));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
            _PyStackRef cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            cond = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
            RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
            JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef b;
            _PyStackRef cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _IS_NONE
            {
                value = stack_pointer[-1];
                if (PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
                    b = PyStackRef_True;
                }
                else {
                    b = PyStackRef_False;
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                }
            }
            // _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE
            {
                cond = b;
                assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
                int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
                RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
                JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            }
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef b;
            _PyStackRef cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _IS_NONE
            {
                value = stack_pointer[-1];
                if (PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None)) {
                    b = PyStackRef_True;
                }
                else {
                    b = PyStackRef_False;
                    PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                }
            }
            // _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE
            {
                cond = b;
                assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
                int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_False);
                RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
                JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            }
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
            _PyStackRef cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            cond = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(cond));
            int flag = PyStackRef_Is(cond, PyStackRef_True);
            RECORD_BRANCH_TAKEN(this_instr[1].cache, flag);
            JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_TOP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_TOP);
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(PUSH_EXC_INFO) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(PUSH_EXC_INFO);
            _PyStackRef exc;
            _PyStackRef prev_exc;
            _PyStackRef new_exc;
            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
            if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
                prev_exc = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(exc_info->exc_value);
            }
            else {
                prev_exc = PyStackRef_None;
            }
            assert(PyStackRef_ExceptionInstanceCheck(exc));
            exc_info->exc_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectNew(exc);
            new_exc = exc;
            stack_pointer[-1] = prev_exc;
            stack_pointer[0] = new_exc;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(PUSH_NULL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(PUSH_NULL);
            _PyStackRef res;
            res = PyStackRef_NULL;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RAISE_VARARGS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RAISE_VARARGS);
            _PyStackRef *args;
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            assert(oparg < 3);
            PyObject *cause = oparg == 2 ? PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(args[1]) : NULL;
            PyObject *exc = oparg > 0 ? PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(args[0]) : NULL;
            stack_pointer += -oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = do_raise(tstate, exc, cause);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err) {
                assert(oparg == 0);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto exception_unwind;
            }
            goto error;
        }

        TARGET(RERAISE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            (void)this_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RERAISE);
            _PyStackRef *values;
            _PyStackRef exc_st;
            exc_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            PyObject *exc = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(exc_st);
            assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg <= 2);
            if (oparg) {
                PyObject *lasti = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(values[0]);
                if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
                    stack_pointer += -1;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    frame->instr_ptr = _PyFrame_GetBytecode(frame) + PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
                }
                else {
                    stack_pointer += -1;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    Py_DECREF(exc);
                    goto error;
                }
                stack_pointer += 1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            }
            assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
            monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            goto exception_unwind;
        }

        TARGET(RESERVED) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESERVED);
            assert(0 && "Executing RESERVED instruction.");
            Py_FatalError("Executing RESERVED instruction.");
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RESUME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESUME);
            PREDICTED(RESUME);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 1;
            (void)this_instr;
            // _LOAD_BYTECODE
            {
                #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
                if (frame->tlbc_index !=
                    ((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate)->tlbc_index) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_CODEUNIT *bytecode =
                    _PyEval_GetExecutableCode(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (bytecode == NULL) goto error;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    ptrdiff_t off = this_instr - _PyFrame_GetBytecode(frame);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    frame->tlbc_index = ((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate)->tlbc_index;
                    frame->instr_ptr = bytecode + off;
                    // Make sure this_instr gets reset correctley for any uops that
                    // follow
                    next_instr = frame->instr_ptr;
                    DISPATCH();
                }
                #endif
            }
            // _MAYBE_INSTRUMENT
            {
                if (tstate->tracing == 0) {
                    uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
                    uintptr_t code_version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
                    if (code_version != global_version) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err) {
                            goto error;
                        }
                        next_instr = this_instr;
                        DISPATCH();
                    }
                }
            }
            // _QUICKEN_RESUME
            {
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION_FT
                if (tstate->tracing == 0 && this_instr->op.code == RESUME) {
                    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_UINT8_RELAXED(this_instr->op.code, RESUME_CHECK);
                }
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION_FT */
            }
            // _CHECK_PERIODIC_IF_NOT_YIELD_FROM
            {
                if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
                    _Py_CHECK_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNALS_PERIODICALLY();
                    QSBR_QUIESCENT_STATE(tstate); \
                    if (_Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker) & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        int err = _Py_HandlePending(tstate);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                        if (err != 0) goto error;
                    }
                }
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RESUME_CHECK) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESUME_CHECK);
            static_assert(0 == 0, "incorrect cache size");
            #if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
            DEOPT_IF(_Py_emscripten_signal_clock == 0, RESUME);
            _Py_emscripten_signal_clock -= Py_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNAL_HANDLING;
            #endif
            uintptr_t eval_breaker = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->eval_breaker);
            uintptr_t version = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_UINTPTR_ACQUIRE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version);
            assert((version & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) == 0);
            DEOPT_IF(eval_breaker != version, RESUME);
            #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
            DEOPT_IF(frame->tlbc_index !=
                    ((_PyThreadStateImpl *)tstate)->tlbc_index, RESUME);
            #endif
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RETURN_GENERATOR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_GENERATOR);
            _PyStackRef res;
            assert(PyStackRef_FunctionCheck(frame->f_funcobj));
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(frame->f_funcobj);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)_Py_MakeCoro(func);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (gen == NULL) goto error;
            assert(EMPTY());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
            frame->instr_ptr++;
            _PyFrame_Copy(frame, gen_frame);
            assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
            gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
            _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
            frame = tstate->current_frame = prev;
            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal((PyObject *)gen);
            LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RETURN_VALUE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_VALUE);
            _PyStackRef retval;
            _PyStackRef res;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            #if TIER_ONE
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            #endif
            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            assert(EMPTY());
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
            res = temp;
            LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SEND);
            PREDICTED(SEND);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef receiver;
            _PyStackRef v;
            _PyStackRef retval;
            // _SPECIALIZE_SEND
            {
                receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_Send(receiver, next_instr);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(SEND);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _SEND
            {
                v = stack_pointer[-1];
                PyObject *receiver_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
                PyObject *retval_o;
                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                if ((tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL) &&
                    (Py_TYPE(receiver_o) == &PyGen_Type || Py_TYPE(receiver_o) == &PyCoro_Type) &&
                    ((PyGenObject *)receiver_o)->gi_frame_state < FRAME_EXECUTING)
                {
                    PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver_o;
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
                    gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
                    gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
                    tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
                    assert( 2 + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
                    frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)( 2 + oparg);
                    assert(gen_frame->previous == NULL);
                    gen_frame->previous = frame;
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
                }
                if (PyStackRef_Is(v, PyStackRef_None) && PyIter_Check(receiver_o)) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    retval_o = Py_TYPE(receiver_o)->tp_iternext(receiver_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                else {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    retval_o = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver_o,
                        &_Py_ID(send),
                        PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                }
                if (retval_o == NULL) {
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int matches = _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (matches) {
                        _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                        _PyEval_MonitorRaise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                        stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    }
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    int err = _PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval_o);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    if (err == 0) {
                        assert(retval_o != NULL);
                        JUMPBY(oparg);
                    }
                    else {
                        PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                        goto pop_1_error;
                    }
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                retval = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(retval_o);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = retval;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SEND_GEN) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SEND_GEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef receiver;
            _PyStackRef v;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, SEND);
            }
            // _SEND_GEN_FRAME
            {
                v = stack_pointer[-1];
                receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(receiver);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type && Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyCoro_Type, SEND);
                DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, SEND);
                STAT_INC(SEND, hit);
                gen_frame = &gen->gi_iframe;
                _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
                gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
                gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
                tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
                assert( 2 + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)( 2 + oparg);
                gen_frame->previous = frame;
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                new_frame = gen_frame;
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                _PyInterpreterFrame *temp = new_frame;
                stack_pointer += -1;
                assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(new_frame->previous == frame || new_frame->previous->previous == frame);
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = temp;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS);
            PyObject *ann_dict;
            if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals found when setting up annotations");
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                goto error;
            }
            /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (err < 0) goto error;
            if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (ann_dict == NULL) goto error;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
                                       ann_dict);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                if (err) goto error;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SET_ADD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_ADD);
            _PyStackRef set;
            _PyStackRef v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PySet_Add(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
                                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE);
            _PyStackRef attr_st;
            _PyStackRef func_in;
            _PyStackRef func_out;
            func_in = stack_pointer[-1];
            attr_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            PyObject *func = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(func_in);
            PyObject *attr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(attr_st);
            func_out = func_in;
            assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
            size_t offset = _Py_FunctionAttributeOffsets[oparg];
            assert(offset != 0);
            PyObject **ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)func) + offset);
            assert(*ptr == NULL);
            *ptr = attr;
            stack_pointer[-2] = func_out;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SET_UPDATE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_UPDATE);
            _PyStackRef set;
            _PyStackRef iterable;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _PySet_Update(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(set),
                                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(iterable));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(iterable);
            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR);
            PREDICTED(STORE_ATTR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 5;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef v;
            // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_ATTR
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_ATTR);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 3 cache entries */
            // _STORE_ATTR
            {
                v = stack_pointer[-2];
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = PyObject_SetAttr(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner),
                                       name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
                if (err) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT
            {
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES);
                DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o), STORE_ATTR);
                DEOPT_IF(_PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o)->valid == 0, STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE
            {
                value = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t offset = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
                assert(_PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o) == NULL);
                PyObject **value_ptr = (PyObject**)(((char *)owner_o) + offset);
                PyObject *old_value = *value_ptr;
                *value_ptr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
                if (old_value == NULL) {
                    PyDictValues *values = _PyObject_InlineValues(owner_o);
                    Py_ssize_t index = value_ptr - values->values;
                    _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, index);
                }
                else {
                    Py_DECREF(old_value);
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_SLOT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_SLOT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _STORE_ATTR_SLOT
            {
                value = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
                PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
                *(PyObject **)addr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
                Py_XDECREF(old_value);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT
            {
                value = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t hint = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner_o)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictObject *dict = _PyObject_GetManagedDict(owner_o);
                DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
                assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, STORE_ATTR);
                DEOPT_IF(!DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys), STORE_ATTR);
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
                PyObject *old_value = ep->me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
                /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
                if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value))) {
                    _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                ep->me_value = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
                // old_value should be DECREFed after GC track checking is done, if not, it could raise a segmentation fault,
                // when dict only holds the strong reference to value in ep->me_value.
                Py_XDECREF(old_value);
                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_DEREF);
            _PyStackRef v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyCellObject *cell = (PyCellObject *)PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(GETLOCAL(oparg));
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyCell_SetTakeRef(cell, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(v));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST);
            _PyStackRef value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST);
            _PyStackRef value1;
            _PyStackRef value2;
            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
            uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
            SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
            value2 = PyStackRef_DUP(GETLOCAL(oparg2));
            stack_pointer[-1] = value2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST);
            _PyStackRef value2;
            _PyStackRef value1;
            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
            value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
            uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
            uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
            SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
            SETLOCAL(oparg2, value2);
            stack_pointer += -2;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_GLOBAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_GLOBAL);
            _PyStackRef v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_NAME);
            _PyStackRef v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
            int err;
            if (ns == NULL) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals found when storing %R", name);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                goto pop_1_error;
            }
            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns)) {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            }
            else {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SLICE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SLICE);
            _PyStackRef v;
            _PyStackRef container;
            _PyStackRef start;
            _PyStackRef stop;
            // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SLICE
            {
                // Placeholder until we implement STORE_SLICE specialization
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_SLICE);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _STORE_SLICE
            {
                stop = stack_pointer[-1];
                start = stack_pointer[-2];
                container = stack_pointer[-3];
                v = stack_pointer[-4];
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(start),
                    PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(stop));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                int err;
                if (slice == NULL) {
                    err = 1;
                }
                else {
                    stack_pointer += -2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), slice, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    Py_DECREF(slice);
                    stack_pointer += 2;
                    assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
                }
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
                if (err) goto pop_4_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -4;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR);
            PREDICTED(STORE_SUBSCR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef container;
            _PyStackRef sub;
            _PyStackRef v;
            // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SUBSCR
            {
                sub = stack_pointer[-1];
                container = stack_pointer[-2];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(STORE_SUBSCR);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _STORE_SUBSCR
            {
                v = stack_pointer[-3];
                /* container[sub] = v */
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = PyObject_SetItem(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(container), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub), PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(v));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(v);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(container);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(sub);
                if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -3;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef dict_st;
            _PyStackRef sub;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            value = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *dict = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(dict_st);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), STORE_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict,
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(sub),
                PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(dict_st);
            if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            stack_pointer += -3;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef list_st;
            _PyStackRef sub_st;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub_st = stack_pointer[-1];
            list_st = stack_pointer[-2];
            value = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *sub = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(sub_st);
            PyObject *list = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(list_st);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
            // Ensure nonnegative, zero-or-one-digit ints.
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            // Ensure index < len(list)
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
            PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
            assert(old_value != NULL);
            Py_DECREF(old_value);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE_SPECIALIZED(sub_st, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(list_st);
            stack_pointer += -3;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SWAP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SWAP);
            _PyStackRef bottom_in;
            _PyStackRef top_in;
            _PyStackRef top_out;
            _PyStackRef bottom_out;
            top_in = stack_pointer[-1];
            bottom_in = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
            bottom_out = bottom_in;
            top_out = top_in;
            assert(oparg >= 2);
            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top_out;
            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom_out;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL);
            PREDICTED(TO_BOOL);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 4;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_TO_BOOL
            {
                value = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_ToBool(value, next_instr);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(TO_BOOL);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _TO_BOOL
            {
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = PyObject_IsTrue(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
                res = err ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef owner;
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            {
                owner = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner));
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, TO_BOOL);
            }
            // _REPLACE_WITH_TRUE
            {
                value = owner;
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                res = PyStackRef_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_BOOL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_BOOL);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value_o), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value_o)) {
                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
                res = PyStackRef_False;
            }
            else {
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                res = PyStackRef_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_LIST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value_o), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            res = Py_SIZE(value_o) ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_NONE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_NONE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
            DEOPT_IF(!PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_None), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            res = PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_STR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_STR);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *value_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value_o), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            if (value_o == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value_o));
                res = PyStackRef_False;
            }
            else {
                assert(Py_SIZE(value_o));
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
                res = PyStackRef_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNARY_INVERT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_INVERT);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Invert(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNARY_NEGATIVE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_NEGATIVE);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = PyNumber_Negative(PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(value));
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(value);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNARY_NOT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_NOT);
            _PyStackRef value;
            _PyStackRef res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyStackRef_BoolCheck(value));
            res = PyStackRef_Is(value, PyStackRef_False)
            ? PyStackRef_True : PyStackRef_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_EX) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_EX);
            _PyStackRef seq;
            _PyStackRef *right;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            right = &stack_pointer[(oparg & 0xFF)];
            _PyStackRef *top = right + (oparg >> 8);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
            if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            PREDICTED(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            _Py_CODEUNIT* const this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            (void)this_instr;
            _PyStackRef seq;
            _PyStackRef *output;
            // _SPECIALIZE_UNPACK_SEQUENCE
            {
                seq = stack_pointer[-1];
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                (void)counter;
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_TRIGGERS(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                    _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(seq, next_instr, oparg);
                    stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                OPCODE_DEFERRED_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
                ADVANCE_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].counter);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                (void)seq;
                (void)counter;
            }
            // _UNPACK_SEQUENCE
            {
                output = &stack_pointer[-1];
                _PyStackRef *top = output + oparg;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterableStackRef(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
                if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef seq;
            _PyStackRef *values;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq_o), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq_o);
            for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef seq;
            _PyStackRef *values;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq_o);
            for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
                *values++ = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(items[i]);
            }
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            _PyStackRef seq;
            _PyStackRef val1;
            _PyStackRef val0;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(oparg == 2);
            PyObject *seq_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(seq);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq_o), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq_o) != 2, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            val0 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 0));
            val1 = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectNew(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq_o, 1));
            PyStackRef_CLOSE(seq);
            stack_pointer[-1] = val1;
            stack_pointer[0] = val0;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(WITH_EXCEPT_START) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(WITH_EXCEPT_START);
            _PyStackRef exit_func;
            _PyStackRef exit_self;
            _PyStackRef lasti;
            _PyStackRef val;
            _PyStackRef res;
            val = stack_pointer[-1];
            lasti = stack_pointer[-3];
            exit_self = stack_pointer[-4];
            exit_func = stack_pointer[-5];
            /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
               - val: TOP = exc_info()
               - unused: SECOND = previous exception
               - lasti: THIRD = lasti of exception in exc_info()
               - exit_self: FOURTH = the context or NULL
               - exit_func: FIFTH = the context.__exit__ function or context.__exit__ bound method
               We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
               Then we push the __exit__ return value.
             */
            PyObject *exc, *tb;
            PyObject *val_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(val);
            PyObject *exit_func_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_func);
            assert(val_o && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val_o));
            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val_o);
            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val_o);
            if (tb == NULL) {
                tb = Py_None;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(tb);
            }
            assert(PyStackRef_LongCheck(lasti));
            (void)lasti; // Shut up compiler warning if asserts are off
            PyObject *stack[5] = {NULL, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(exit_self), exc, val_o, tb};
            int has_self = !PyStackRef_IsNull(exit_self);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            PyObject *res_o = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func_o, stack + 2 - has_self,
                (3 + has_self) | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            if (res_o == NULL) goto error;
            res = PyStackRef_FromPyObjectSteal(res_o);
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(YIELD_VALUE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(YIELD_VALUE);
            _PyStackRef retval;
            _PyStackRef value;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
            // The compiler treats any exception raised here as a failed close()
            // or throw() call.
            #if TIER_ONE
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            #endif
            frame->instr_ptr++;
            PyGenObject *gen = _PyGen_GetGeneratorFromFrame(frame);
            assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
            _PyStackRef temp = retval;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
            gen_frame->previous = NULL;
            /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
            assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
            #if TIER_ONE
            assert(frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_LINE ||
                  frame->instr_ptr->op.code == INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == SEND ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == FOR_ITER ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == INTERPRETER_EXIT ||
                  _PyOpcode_Deopt[frame->instr_ptr->op.code] == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
            #endif
            stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
            LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
            value = temp;
            LLTRACE_RESUME_FRAME();
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            assert(WITHIN_STACK_BOUNDS());
            DISPATCH();
        }
#undef TIER_ONE