# Tests invocation of the interpreter with various command line arguments
# Most tests are executed with environment variables ignored
# See test_cmd_line_script.py for testing of script execution

import locale
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import sysconfig
import tempfile
import textwrap
import unittest
from test import support
from test.support import os_helper
from test.support import force_not_colorized
from test.support import threading_helper
from test.support.script_helper import (
    spawn_python, kill_python, assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure,
    interpreter_requires_environment
)
from textwrap import dedent


if not support.has_subprocess_support:
    raise unittest.SkipTest("test module requires subprocess")


# XXX (ncoghlan): Move to script_helper and make consistent with run_python
def _kill_python_and_exit_code(p):
    data = kill_python(p)
    returncode = p.wait()
    return data, returncode


def presite_func():
    print("presite func")

class Namespace:
    pass

presite = Namespace()
presite.attr = Namespace()
presite.attr.func = presite_func


class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_directories(self):
        assert_python_failure('.')
        assert_python_failure('< .')

    def verify_valid_flag(self, cmd_line):
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(cmd_line)
        if out != b'':
            self.assertEndsWith(out, b'\n')
        self.assertNotIn(b'Traceback', out)
        self.assertNotIn(b'Traceback', err)
        return out

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_not_colorized
    def test_help(self):
        self.verify_valid_flag('-h')
        self.verify_valid_flag('-?')
        out = self.verify_valid_flag('--help')
        lines = out.splitlines()
        self.assertIn(b'usage', lines[0])
        self.assertNotIn(b'PYTHONHOME', out)
        self.assertNotIn(b'-X dev', out)
        self.assertLess(len(lines), 50)

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_not_colorized
    def test_help_env(self):
        out = self.verify_valid_flag('--help-env')
        self.assertIn(b'PYTHONHOME', out)
        # Env vars in each section should be sorted alphabetically
        # (ignoring underscores so PYTHON_FOO and PYTHONFOO intermix naturally)
        sort_key = lambda name: name.replace(b'_', b'').lower()
        sections = out.split(b'These variables have equivalent')
        for section in sections:
            envvars = re.findall(rb'^(PYTHON\w+)', section, re.MULTILINE)
            self.assertEqual(envvars, sorted(envvars, key=sort_key),
                             "env vars should be sorted alphabetically")

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_not_colorized
    def test_help_xoptions(self):
        out = self.verify_valid_flag('--help-xoptions')
        self.assertIn(b'-X dev', out)
        options = re.findall(rb'^-X (\w+)', out, re.MULTILINE)
        self.assertEqual(options, sorted(options),
                         "options should be sorted alphabetically")

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_not_colorized
    def test_help_all(self):
        out = self.verify_valid_flag('--help-all')
        lines = out.splitlines()
        self.assertIn(b'usage', lines[0])
        self.assertIn(b'PYTHONHOME', out)
        self.assertIn(b'-X dev', out)

        # The first line contains the program name,
        # but the rest should be ASCII-only
        b''.join(lines[1:]).decode('ascii')

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_colorized
    def test_help_colorized(self):
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("--help", FORCE_COLOR="1")
        # Check ANSI color codes are present
        self.assertIn(b"\x1b[", out)
        # Check that key text elements are still present
        self.assertIn(b"usage:", out)
        self.assertIn(b"-h", out)
        self.assertIn(b"--help-all", out)
        self.assertIn(b"cmd", out)
        self.assertIn(b"Arguments:", out)

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_not_colorized
    def test_help_not_colorized(self):
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok("--help")
        self.assertNotIn(b"\x1b[", out)

    def test_optimize(self):
        self.verify_valid_flag('-O')
        self.verify_valid_flag('-OO')

    def test_site_flag(self):
        self.verify_valid_flag('-S')

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_version(self):
        version = ('Python %d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]).encode("ascii")
        for switch in '-V', '--version', '-VV':
            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(switch)
            self.assertNotStartsWith(err, version)
            self.assertStartsWith(out, version)

    def test_verbose(self):
        # -v causes imports to write to stderr.  If the write to
        # stderr itself causes an import to happen (for the output
        # codec), a recursion loop can occur.
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-v')
        self.assertNotIn(b'stack overflow', err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-vv')
        self.assertNotIn(b'stack overflow', err)

    @unittest.skipIf(interpreter_requires_environment(),
                     'Cannot run -E tests when PYTHON env vars are required.')
    def test_xoptions(self):
        def get_xoptions(*args):
            # use subprocess module directly because test.support.script_helper adds
            # "-X faulthandler" to the command line
            args = (sys.executable, '-E') + args
            args += ('-c', 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)')
            out = subprocess.check_output(args)
            opts = eval(out.splitlines()[0])
            return opts

        opts = get_xoptions()
        self.assertEqual(opts, {})

        opts = get_xoptions('-Xa', '-Xb=c,d=e')
        self.assertEqual(opts, {'a': True, 'b': 'c,d=e'})

    def test_showrefcount(self):
        def run_python(*args):
            # this is similar to assert_python_ok but doesn't strip
            # the refcount from stderr.  It can be replaced once
            # assert_python_ok stops doing that.
            cmd = [sys.executable]
            cmd.extend(args)
            PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
            p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
            out, err = p.communicate()
            p.stdout.close()
            p.stderr.close()
            rc = p.returncode
            self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
            return rc, out, err
        code = 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)'
        # normally the refcount is hidden
        rc, out, err = run_python('-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(out.rstrip(), b'{}')
        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
        # "-X showrefcount" shows the refcount, but only in debug builds
        rc, out, err = run_python('-I', '-X', 'showrefcount', '-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(out.rstrip(), b"{'showrefcount': True}")
        if support.Py_DEBUG:
            # bpo-46417: Tolerate negative reference count which can occur
            # because of bugs in C extensions. This test is only about checking
            # the showrefcount feature.
            self.assertRegex(err, br'^\[-?\d+ refs, \d+ blocks\]')
        else:
            self.assertEqual(err, b'')

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_xoption_frozen_modules(self):
        tests = {
            ('=on', 'FrozenImporter'),
            ('=off', 'SourceFileLoader'),
            ('=', 'FrozenImporter'),
            ('', 'FrozenImporter'),
        }
        for raw, expected in tests:
            cmd = ['-X', f'frozen_modules{raw}',
                   '-c', 'import os; print(os.__spec__.loader, end="")']
            with self.subTest(raw):
                res = assert_python_ok(*cmd)
                self.assertRegex(res.out.decode('utf-8'), expected)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_env_var_frozen_modules(self):
        tests = {
            ('on', 'FrozenImporter'),
            ('off', 'SourceFileLoader'),
        }
        for raw, expected in tests:
            cmd = ['-c', 'import os; print(os.__spec__.loader, end="")']
            with self.subTest(raw):
                res = assert_python_ok(*cmd, PYTHON_FROZEN_MODULES=raw)
                self.assertRegex(res.out.decode('utf-8'), expected)

    def test_run_module(self):
        # Test expected operation of the '-m' switch
        # Switch needs an argument
        assert_python_failure('-m')
        # Check we get an error for a nonexistent module
        assert_python_failure('-m', 'fnord43520xyz')
        # Check the runpy module also gives an error for
        # a nonexistent module
        assert_python_failure('-m', 'runpy', 'fnord43520xyz')
        # All good if module is located and run successfully
        assert_python_ok('-m', 'timeit', '-n', '1')

    def test_run_module_bug1764407(self):
        # -m and -i need to play well together
        # Runs the timeit module and checks the __main__
        # namespace has been populated appropriately
        p = spawn_python('-i', '-m', 'timeit', '-n', '1')
        p.stdin.write(b'Timer\n')
        p.stdin.write(b'exit()\n')
        data = kill_python(p)
        self.assertTrue(data.find(b'1 loop') != -1)
        self.assertTrue(data.find(b'__main__.Timer') != -1)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_null_byte_in_interactive_mode(self):
        # gh-140594: Fix an out of bounds read when a single NUL character
        # is read from the standard input in interactive mode.
        proc = spawn_python('-i')
        proc.communicate(b'\x00', timeout=support.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0)

    def test_relativedir_bug46421(self):
        # Test `python -m unittest` with a relative directory beginning with ./
        # Note: We have to switch to the project's top module's directory, as per
        # the python unittest wiki. We will switch back when we are done.
        projectlibpath = os.path.dirname(__file__).removesuffix("test")
        with os_helper.change_cwd(projectlibpath):
            # Testing with and without ./
            assert_python_ok('-m', 'unittest', "test/test_longexp.py")
            assert_python_ok('-m', 'unittest', "./test/test_longexp.py")

    def test_run_code(self):
        # Test expected operation of the '-c' switch
        # Switch needs an argument
        assert_python_failure('-c')
        # Check we get an error for an uncaught exception
        assert_python_failure('-c', 'raise Exception')
        # All good if execution is successful
        assert_python_ok('-c', 'pass')

    @unittest.skipUnless(os_helper.FS_NONASCII, 'need os_helper.FS_NONASCII')
    def test_non_ascii(self):
        # Test handling of non-ascii data
        command = ("assert(ord(%r) == %s)"
                   % (os_helper.FS_NONASCII, ord(os_helper.FS_NONASCII)))
        assert_python_ok('-c', command)

    @unittest.skipUnless(os_helper.FS_NONASCII, 'need os_helper.FS_NONASCII')
    def test_coding(self):
        # bpo-32381: the -c command ignores the coding cookie
        ch = os_helper.FS_NONASCII
        cmd = f"# coding: latin1\nprint(ascii('{ch}'))"
        res = assert_python_ok('-c', cmd)
        self.assertEqual(res.out.rstrip(), ascii(ch).encode('ascii'))

    # On Windows, pass bytes to subprocess doesn't test how Python decodes the
    # command line, but how subprocess does decode bytes to unicode. Python
    # doesn't decode the command line because Windows provides directly the
    # arguments as unicode (using wmain() instead of main()).
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32',
                     'Windows has a native unicode API')
    def test_undecodable_code(self):
        undecodable = b"\xff"
        env = os.environ.copy()
        # Use C locale to get ascii for the locale encoding
        env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
        env['PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE'] = '0'
        code = (
            b'import locale; '
            b'print(ascii("' + undecodable + b'"), '
                b'locale.getencoding())')
        p = subprocess.Popen(
            [sys.executable, "-c", code],
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
            env=env)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        if p.returncode == 1:
            # _Py_char2wchar() decoded b'\xff' as '\udcff' (b'\xff' is not
            # decodable from ASCII) and run_command() failed on
            # PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(). This is the expected behaviour on
            # Linux.
            pattern = b"python: Unable to decode the command from the command line:"
        elif p.returncode == 0:
            # _Py_char2wchar() decoded b'\xff' as '\xff' even if the locale is
            # C and the locale encoding is ASCII. It occurs on FreeBSD, Solaris
            # and Mac OS X.
            pattern = b"'\\xff' "
            # The output is followed by the encoding name, an alias to ASCII.
            # Examples: "US-ASCII" or "646" (ISO 646, on Solaris).
        else:
            raise AssertionError("Unknown exit code: %s, output=%a" % (p.returncode, stdout))
        if not stdout.startswith(pattern):
            raise AssertionError("%a doesn't start with %a" % (stdout, pattern))

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32',
                     'Windows has a native unicode API')
    def test_invalid_utf8_arg(self):
        # bpo-35883: Py_DecodeLocale() must escape b'\xfd\xbf\xbf\xbb\xba\xba'
        # byte sequence with surrogateescape rather than decoding it as the
        # U+7fffbeba character which is outside the [U+0000; U+10ffff] range of
        # Python Unicode characters.
        #
        # Test with default config, in the C locale, in the Python UTF-8 Mode.
        code = 'import sys, os; s=os.fsencode(sys.argv[1]); print(ascii(s))'

        def run_default(arg):
            cmd = [sys.executable, '-c', code, arg]
            return subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)

        def run_c_locale(arg):
            cmd = [sys.executable, '-c', code, arg]
            env = dict(os.environ)
            env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
            return subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  text=True, env=env)

        def run_utf8_mode(arg):
            cmd = [sys.executable, '-X', 'utf8', '-c', code, arg]
            return subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)

        def run_no_utf8_mode(arg):
            cmd = [sys.executable, '-X', 'utf8=0', '-c', code, arg]
            return subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)

        valid_utf8 = 'e:\xe9, euro:\u20ac, non-bmp:\U0010ffff'.encode('utf-8')
        # invalid UTF-8 byte sequences with a valid UTF-8 sequence
        # in the middle.
        invalid_utf8 = (
            b'\xff'                      # invalid byte
            b'\xc3\xff'                  # invalid byte sequence
            b'\xc3\xa9'                  # valid utf-8: U+00E9 character
            b'\xed\xa0\x80'              # lone surrogate character (invalid)
            b'\xfd\xbf\xbf\xbb\xba\xba'  # character outside [U+0000; U+10ffff]
        )
        test_args = [valid_utf8, invalid_utf8]

        for run_cmd, encoding in (
            (run_default, sys.getfilesystemencoding()),
            (run_c_locale, None),
            (run_utf8_mode, None),
            (run_no_utf8_mode, locale.getencoding())
        ):
            with self.subTest(run_cmd=run_cmd.__name__):
                # Arbitrary bytes round-trip through surrogateescape only in
                # UTF-8 and single-byte encodings, not in a multibyte encoding
                # such as EUC-JP.
                if encoding is not None:
                    try:
                        lossless = len(bytes(range(256)).decode(
                            encoding, 'surrogateescape')) == 256
                    except UnicodeError:
                        lossless = False
                else:
                    lossless = True
                if not lossless:
                    self.skipTest(f'{encoding} cannot losslessly '
                                  f'round-trip arbitrary bytes')
                for arg in test_args:
                    proc = run_cmd(arg)
                    self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), ascii(arg))

    @unittest.skipUnless((sys.platform == 'darwin' or
                support.is_android), 'test specific to Mac OS X and Android')
    def test_osx_android_utf8(self):
        text = 'e:\xe9, euro:\u20ac, non-bmp:\U0010ffff'.encode('utf-8')
        code = "import sys; print(ascii(sys.argv[1]))"

        decoded = text.decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')
        expected = ascii(decoded).encode('ascii') + b'\n'

        env = os.environ.copy()
        # C locale gives ASCII locale encoding, but Python uses UTF-8
        # to parse the command line arguments on Mac OS X and Android.
        env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'

        p = subprocess.Popen(
            (sys.executable, "-c", code, text),
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            env=env)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(stdout, expected)
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)

    @unittest.skipIf(os.environ.get("PYTHONUNBUFFERED", "0") != "0",
                     "Python stdio buffering is disabled.")
    def test_non_interactive_output_buffering(self):
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            import sys
            out = sys.stdout
            print(out.isatty(), out.write_through, out.line_buffering)
            err = sys.stderr
            print(err.isatty(), err.write_through, err.line_buffering)
        """)
        args = [sys.executable, '-c', code]
        proc = subprocess.run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True, check=True)
        self.assertEqual(proc.stdout,
                         'False False False\n'
                         'False False True\n')

    def test_unbuffered_output(self):
        # Test expected operation of the '-u' switch
        for stream in ('stdout', 'stderr'):
            # Binary is unbuffered
            code = ("import os, sys; sys.%s.buffer.write(b'x'); os._exit(0)"
                % stream)
            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-u', '-c', code)
            data = err if stream == 'stderr' else out
            self.assertEqual(data, b'x', "binary %s not unbuffered" % stream)
            # Text is unbuffered
            code = ("import os, sys; sys.%s.write('x'); os._exit(0)"
                % stream)
            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-u', '-c', code)
            data = err if stream == 'stderr' else out
            self.assertEqual(data, b'x', "text %s not unbuffered" % stream)

    def test_unbuffered_input(self):
        # sys.stdin still works with '-u'
        code = ("import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read(1))")
        p = spawn_python('-u', '-c', code)
        p.stdin.write(b'x')
        p.stdin.flush()
        data, rc = _kill_python_and_exit_code(p)
        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
        self.assertStartsWith(data, b'x')

    def test_large_PYTHONPATH(self):
        path1 = "ABCDE" * 100
        path2 = "FGHIJ" * 100
        path = path1 + os.pathsep + path2

        code = """if 1:
            import sys
            path = ":".join(sys.path)
            path = path.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
            sys.stdout.buffer.write(path)"""
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-S', '-c', code,
                                        PYTHONPATH=path)
        self.assertIn(path1.encode('ascii'), out)
        self.assertIn(path2.encode('ascii'), out)

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.safe_path,
                     'PYTHONSAFEPATH changes default sys.path')
    def test_empty_PYTHONPATH_issue16309(self):
        # On Posix, it is documented that setting PATH to the
        # empty string is equivalent to not setting PATH at all,
        # which is an exception to the rule that in a string like
        # "/bin::/usr/bin" the empty string in the middle gets
        # interpreted as '.'
        code = """if 1:
            import sys
            path = ":".join(sys.path)
            path = path.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
            sys.stdout.buffer.write(path)"""
        rc1, out1, err1 = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONPATH="")
        rc2, out2, err2 = assert_python_ok('-c', code, __isolated=False)
        # regarding to Posix specification, outputs should be equal
        # for empty and unset PYTHONPATH
        self.assertEqual(out1, out2)

    def test_displayhook_unencodable(self):
        for encoding in ('ascii', 'latin-1', 'utf-8'):
            env = os.environ.copy()
            env['PYTHONIOENCODING'] = encoding
            p = subprocess.Popen(
                [sys.executable, '-i'],
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                env=env)
            # non-ascii, surrogate, non-BMP printable, non-BMP unprintable
            text = "a=\xe9 b=\uDC80 c=\U00010000 d=\U0010FFFF"
            p.stdin.write(ascii(text).encode('ascii') + b"\n")
            p.stdin.write(b'exit()\n')
            data = kill_python(p)
            escaped = repr(text).encode(encoding, 'backslashreplace')
            self.assertIn(escaped, data)

    def check_input(self, code, expected):
        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("wb+") as stdin:
            sep = os.linesep.encode('ASCII')
            stdin.write(sep.join((b'abc', b'def')))
            stdin.flush()
            stdin.seek(0)
            with subprocess.Popen(
                (sys.executable, "-c", code),
                stdin=stdin, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) as proc:
                stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), expected)

    def test_stdin_readline(self):
        # Issue #11272: check that sys.stdin.readline() replaces '\r\n' by '\n'
        # on Windows (sys.stdin is opened in binary mode)
        self.check_input(
            "import sys; print(repr(sys.stdin.readline()))",
            b"'abc\\n'")

    def test_builtin_input(self):
        # Issue #11272: check that input() strips newlines ('\n' or '\r\n')
        self.check_input(
            "print(repr(input()))",
            b"'abc'")

    def test_output_newline(self):
        # Issue 13119 Newline for print() should be \r\n on Windows.
        code = """if 1:
            import sys
            print(1)
            print(2)
            print(3, file=sys.stderr)
            print(4, file=sys.stderr)"""
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)

        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            self.assertEqual(b'1\r\n2\r\n', out)
            self.assertEqual(b'3\r\n4\r\n', err)
        else:
            self.assertEqual(b'1\n2\n', out)
            self.assertEqual(b'3\n4\n', err)

    def test_unmached_quote(self):
        # Issue #10206: python program starting with unmatched quote
        # spewed spaces to stdout
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', "'")
        self.assertRegex(err.decode('ascii', 'ignore'), 'SyntaxError')
        self.assertEqual(b'', out)

    @force_not_colorized
    def test_stdout_flush_at_shutdown(self):
        # Issue #5319: if stdout.flush() fails at shutdown, an error should
        # be printed out.
        code = """if 1:
            import os, sys, test.support
            test.support.SuppressCrashReport().__enter__()
            sys.stdout.write('x')
            os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())"""
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(b'', out)
        self.assertEqual(120, rc)
        self.assertIn(b'Exception ignored while flushing sys.stdout:\n'
                      b'OSError: '.replace(b'\n', os.linesep.encode()),
                      err)

    def test_closed_stdout(self):
        # Issue #13444: if stdout has been explicitly closed, we should
        # not attempt to flush it at shutdown.
        code = "import sys; sys.stdout.close()"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(b'', err)

    # Issue #7111: Python should work without standard streams

    @unittest.skipIf(os.name != 'posix', "test needs POSIX semantics")
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "vxworks",
                         "test needs preexec support in subprocess.Popen")
    def _test_no_stdio(self, streams):
        code = """if 1:
            import os, sys
            for i, s in enumerate({streams}):
                if getattr(sys, s) is not None:
                    os._exit(i + 1)
            os._exit(42)""".format(streams=streams)
        def preexec():
            if 'stdin' in streams:
                os.close(0)
            if 'stdout' in streams:
                os.close(1)
            if 'stderr' in streams:
                os.close(2)
        p = subprocess.Popen(
            [sys.executable, "-E", "-c", code],
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            preexec_fn=preexec)
        out, err = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(err, b'')
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 42)

    def test_no_stdin(self):
        self._test_no_stdio(['stdin'])

    def test_no_stdout(self):
        self._test_no_stdio(['stdout'])

    def test_no_stderr(self):
        self._test_no_stdio(['stderr'])

    def test_no_std_streams(self):
        self._test_no_stdio(['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'])

    def test_hash_randomization(self):
        # Verify that -R enables hash randomization:
        self.verify_valid_flag('-R')
        hashes = []
        if os.environ.get('PYTHONHASHSEED', 'random') != 'random':
            env = dict(os.environ)  # copy
            # We need to test that it is enabled by default without
            # the environment variable enabling it for us.
            del env['PYTHONHASHSEED']
            env['__cleanenv'] = '1'  # consumed by assert_python_ok()
        else:
            env = {}
        for i in range(3):
            code = 'print(hash("spam"))'
            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, **env)
            self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
            hashes.append(out)
        hashes = sorted(set(hashes))  # uniq
        # Rare chance of failure due to 3 random seeds honestly being equal.
        self.assertGreater(len(hashes), 1,
                           msg='3 runs produced an identical random hash '
                               ' for "spam": {}'.format(hashes))

        # Verify that sys.flags contains hash_randomization
        code = 'import sys; print("random is", sys.flags.hash_randomization)'
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONHASHSEED='')
        self.assertIn(b'random is 1', out)

        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONHASHSEED='random')
        self.assertIn(b'random is 1', out)

        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONHASHSEED='0')
        self.assertIn(b'random is 0', out)

        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-R', '-c', code, PYTHONHASHSEED='0')
        self.assertIn(b'random is 1', out)

    def test_del___main__(self):
        # Issue #15001: PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags() did crash because it kept a
        # borrowed reference to the dict of __main__ module and later modify
        # the dict whereas the module was destroyed
        filename = os_helper.TESTFN
        self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, filename)
        with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as script:
            print("import sys", file=script)
            print("del sys.modules['__main__']", file=script)
        assert_python_ok(filename)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_unknown_options(self):
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-E', '-z')
        self.assertIn(b'Unknown option: -z', err)
        self.assertEqual(err.splitlines().count(b'Unknown option: -z'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(b'', out)
        # Add "without='-E'" to prevent _assert_python to append -E
        # to env_vars and change the output of stderr
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-z', without='-E')
        self.assertIn(b'Unknown option: -z', err)
        self.assertEqual(err.splitlines().count(b'Unknown option: -z'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(b'', out)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-a', '-z', without='-E')
        self.assertIn(b'Unknown option: -a', err)
        # only the first unknown option is reported
        self.assertNotIn(b'Unknown option: -z', err)
        self.assertEqual(err.splitlines().count(b'Unknown option: -a'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(b'', out)

    @unittest.skipIf(interpreter_requires_environment(),
                     'Cannot run -I tests when PYTHON env vars are required.')
    def test_isolatedmode(self):
        self.verify_valid_flag('-I')
        self.verify_valid_flag('-IEPs')
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-I', '-c',
            'from sys import flags as f; '
            'print(f.no_user_site, f.ignore_environment, f.isolated, f.safe_path)',
            # dummyvar to prevent extraneous -E
            dummyvar="")
        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'1 1 1 True')
        with os_helper.temp_cwd() as tmpdir:
            fake = os.path.join(tmpdir, "uuid.py")
            main = os.path.join(tmpdir, "main.py")
            with open(fake, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                f.write("raise RuntimeError('isolated mode test')\n")
            with open(main, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                f.write("import uuid\n")
                f.write("print('ok')\n")
            # Use -E to ignore PYTHONSAFEPATH env var
            self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError,
                              subprocess.check_output,
                              [sys.executable, '-E', main], cwd=tmpdir,
                              stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
            out = subprocess.check_output([sys.executable, "-I", main],
                                          cwd=tmpdir)
            self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b"ok")

    def test_sys_flags_set(self):
        # Issue 31845: a startup refactoring broke reading flags from env vars
        for value, expected in (("", 0), ("1", 1), ("text", 1), ("2", 2)):
            env_vars = dict(
                PYTHONDEBUG=value,
                PYTHONOPTIMIZE=value,
                PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=value,
                PYTHONVERBOSE=value,
            )
            expected_bool = int(bool(value))
            code = (
                "import sys; "
                "sys.stderr.write(str(sys.flags)); "
                f"""sys.exit(not (
                    sys.flags.optimize == sys.flags.verbose == {expected}
                    and sys.flags.debug == sys.flags.dont_write_bytecode == {expected_bool}
                ))"""
            )
            with self.subTest(envar_value=value):
                assert_python_ok('-c', code, **env_vars)

    def test_set_pycache_prefix(self):
        # sys.pycache_prefix can be set from either -X pycache_prefix or
        # PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX env var, with the former taking precedence.
        NO_VALUE = object()  # `-X pycache_prefix` with no `=PATH`
        cases = [
            # (PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX, -X pycache_prefix, sys.pycache_prefix)
            (None, None, None),
            ('foo', None, 'foo'),
            (None, 'bar', 'bar'),
            ('foo', 'bar', 'bar'),
            ('foo', '', None),
            ('foo', NO_VALUE, None),
        ]
        for envval, opt, expected in cases:
            exp_clause = "is None" if expected is None else f'== "{expected}"'
            code = f"import sys; sys.exit(not sys.pycache_prefix {exp_clause})"
            args = ['-c', code]
            env = {} if envval is None else {'PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX': envval}
            if opt is NO_VALUE:
                args[:0] = ['-X', 'pycache_prefix']
            elif opt is not None:
                args[:0] = ['-X', f'pycache_prefix={opt}']
            with self.subTest(envval=envval, opt=opt):
                with os_helper.temp_cwd():
                    assert_python_ok(*args, **env)

    def run_xdev(self, *args, check_exitcode=True, xdev=True):
        env = dict(os.environ)
        env.pop('PYTHONWARNINGS', None)
        env.pop('PYTHONDEVMODE', None)
        env.pop('PYTHONMALLOC', None)

        if xdev:
            args = (sys.executable, '-X', 'dev', *args)
        else:
            args = (sys.executable, *args)
        proc = subprocess.run(args,
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                              universal_newlines=True,
                              env=env)
        if check_exitcode:
            self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)
        return proc.stdout.rstrip()

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_xdev(self):
        # sys.flags.dev_mode
        code = "import sys; print(sys.flags.dev_mode)"
        out = self.run_xdev("-c", code, xdev=False)
        self.assertEqual(out, "False")
        out = self.run_xdev("-c", code)
        self.assertEqual(out, "True")

        # Warnings
        code = ("import warnings; "
                "print(' '.join('%s::%s' % (f[0], f[2].__name__) "
                                "for f in warnings.filters))")
        if support.Py_DEBUG:
            expected_filters = "default::Warning"
        else:
            expected_filters = ("default::Warning "
                                "default::DeprecationWarning "
                                "ignore::DeprecationWarning "
                                "ignore::PendingDeprecationWarning "
                                "ignore::ImportWarning "
                                "ignore::ResourceWarning")

        out = self.run_xdev("-c", code)
        self.assertEqual(out, expected_filters)

        out = self.run_xdev("-b", "-c", code)
        self.assertEqual(out, f"default::BytesWarning {expected_filters}")

        out = self.run_xdev("-bb", "-c", code)
        self.assertEqual(out, f"error::BytesWarning {expected_filters}")

        out = self.run_xdev("-Werror", "-c", code)
        self.assertEqual(out, f"error::Warning {expected_filters}")

        # Memory allocator debug hooks
        try:
            import _testinternalcapi  # noqa: F401
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            code = "import _testinternalcapi; print(_testinternalcapi.pymem_getallocatorsname())"
            with support.SuppressCrashReport():
                out = self.run_xdev("-c", code, check_exitcode=False)
            if support.with_pymalloc():
                alloc_name = "pymalloc_debug"
            elif support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
                alloc_name = "mimalloc_debug"
            else:
                alloc_name = "malloc_debug"
            self.assertEqual(out, alloc_name)

        # Faulthandler
        try:
            import faulthandler  # noqa: F401
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            code = "import faulthandler; print(faulthandler.is_enabled())"
            out = self.run_xdev("-c", code)
            self.assertEqual(out, "True")

    def check_warnings_filters(self, cmdline_option, envvar, use_pywarning=False):
        if use_pywarning:
            code = ("import sys; from test.support.import_helper import "
                    "import_fresh_module; "
                    "warnings = import_fresh_module('warnings', blocked=['_warnings']); ")
        else:
            code = "import sys, warnings; "
        code += ("print(' '.join('%s::%s' % (f[0], f[2].__name__) "
                                "for f in warnings.filters))")
        args = (sys.executable, '-W', cmdline_option, '-bb', '-c', code)
        env = dict(os.environ)
        env.pop('PYTHONDEVMODE', None)
        env["PYTHONWARNINGS"] = envvar
        proc = subprocess.run(args,
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                              universal_newlines=True,
                              env=env)
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)
        return proc.stdout.rstrip()

    def test_warnings_filter_precedence(self):
        expected_filters = ("error::BytesWarning "
                            "once::UserWarning "
                            "always::UserWarning")
        if not support.Py_DEBUG:
            expected_filters += (" "
                                 "default::DeprecationWarning "
                                 "ignore::DeprecationWarning "
                                 "ignore::PendingDeprecationWarning "
                                 "ignore::ImportWarning "
                                 "ignore::ResourceWarning")

        out = self.check_warnings_filters("once::UserWarning",
                                          "always::UserWarning")
        self.assertEqual(out, expected_filters)

        out = self.check_warnings_filters("once::UserWarning",
                                          "always::UserWarning",
                                          use_pywarning=True)
        self.assertEqual(out, expected_filters)

    def check_pythonmalloc(self, env_var, name):
        code = 'import _testinternalcapi; print(_testinternalcapi.pymem_getallocatorsname())'
        env = dict(os.environ)
        env.pop('PYTHONDEVMODE', None)
        if env_var is not None:
            env['PYTHONMALLOC'] = env_var
        else:
            env.pop('PYTHONMALLOC', None)
        args = (sys.executable, '-c', code)
        proc = subprocess.run(args,
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
                              universal_newlines=True,
                              env=env)
        self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), name)
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_pythonmalloc(self):
        # Test the PYTHONMALLOC environment variable
        malloc = not support.Py_GIL_DISABLED
        pymalloc = support.with_pymalloc()
        mimalloc = support.with_mimalloc()
        if support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
            default_name = 'mimalloc_debug' if support.Py_DEBUG else 'mimalloc'
            default_name_debug = 'mimalloc_debug'
        elif pymalloc:
            default_name = 'pymalloc_debug' if support.Py_DEBUG else 'pymalloc'
            default_name_debug = 'pymalloc_debug'
        else:
            default_name = 'malloc_debug' if support.Py_DEBUG else 'malloc'
            default_name_debug = 'malloc_debug'

        tests = [
            (None, default_name),
            ('debug', default_name_debug),
        ]
        if malloc:
            tests.extend([
                ('malloc', 'malloc'),
                ('malloc_debug', 'malloc_debug'),
            ])
        if pymalloc:
            tests.extend((
                ('pymalloc', 'pymalloc'),
                ('pymalloc_debug', 'pymalloc_debug'),
            ))
        if mimalloc:
            tests.extend((
                ('mimalloc', 'mimalloc'),
                ('mimalloc_debug', 'mimalloc_debug'),
            ))

        for env_var, name in tests:
            with self.subTest(env_var=env_var, name=name):
                self.check_pythonmalloc(env_var, name)

    def test_pythondevmode_env(self):
        # Test the PYTHONDEVMODE environment variable
        code = "import sys; print(sys.flags.dev_mode)"
        env = dict(os.environ)
        env.pop('PYTHONDEVMODE', None)
        args = (sys.executable, '-c', code)

        proc = subprocess.run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              universal_newlines=True, env=env)
        self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), 'False')
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)

        env['PYTHONDEVMODE'] = '1'
        proc = subprocess.run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              universal_newlines=True, env=env)
        self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), 'True')
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)

    def test_python_gil(self):
        cases = [
            # (env, opt, expected, msg)
            ('1', None, '1', "PYTHON_GIL=1"),
            (None, '1', '1', "-X gil=1"),
        ]

        if support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
            cases.extend(
                [
                    (None, None, 'None', "no options set"),
                    ('0', None, '0', "PYTHON_GIL=0"),
                    ('1', '0', '0', "-X gil=0 overrides PYTHON_GIL=1"),
                    (None, '0', '0', "-X gil=0"),
                ]
            )
        else:
            cases.extend(
                [
                    (None, None, '1', '-X gil=0 (unsupported by this build)'),
                    ('1', None, '1', 'PYTHON_GIL=0 (unsupported by this build)'),
                ]
            )
        code = "import sys; print(sys.flags.gil)"
        environ = dict(os.environ)

        for env, opt, expected, msg in cases:
            with self.subTest(msg, env=env, opt=opt):
                environ.pop('PYTHON_GIL', None)
                if env is not None:
                    environ['PYTHON_GIL'] = env
                extra_args = []
                if opt is not None:
                    extra_args = ['-X', f'gil={opt}']

                proc = subprocess.run([sys.executable, *extra_args, '-c', code],
                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                      text=True, env=environ)
                self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)
                self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.rstrip(), expected)
                self.assertEqual(proc.stderr, '')

    def test_python_asyncio_debug(self):
        code = "import asyncio; print(asyncio.new_event_loop().get_debug())"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG='1')
        self.assertIn(b'True', out)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_TRACE_REFS'), "Requires --with-trace-refs build option")
    def test_python_dump_refs(self):
        code = 'import sys; sys._clear_internal_caches()'
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONDUMPREFS='1')
        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_TRACE_REFS'), "Requires --with-trace-refs build option")
    def test_python_dump_refs_file(self):
        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as dump_file:
            code = 'import sys; sys._clear_internal_caches()'
            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONDUMPREFSFILE=dump_file.name)
            self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
            with open(dump_file.name, 'r') as file:
                contents = file.read()
                self.assertIn('Remaining objects', contents)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'darwin', 'PYTHONEXECUTABLE only works on macOS')
    def test_python_executable(self):
        code = 'import sys; print(sys.executable)'
        expected = "/busr/bbin/bpython"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONEXECUTABLE=expected)
        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'Test only applicable on Windows')
    def test_python_legacy_windows_fs_encoding(self):
        code = "import sys; print(sys.getfilesystemencoding())"
        expected = 'mbcs'
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING='1')
        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'Test only applicable on Windows')
    def test_python_legacy_windows_stdio(self):
        # Test that _WindowsConsoleIO is used when PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO
        # is not set.
        # We cannot use PIPE becase it prevents creating new console.
        # So we use exit code.
        code = "import sys; sys.exit(type(sys.stdout.buffer.raw).__name__ != '_WindowsConsoleIO')"
        env = os.environ.copy()
        env["PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO"] = ""
        p = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", code],
                           creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
                           env=env)
        support.skip_on_low_desktop_heap_memory_subprocess(p.returncode)
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)

        # Then test that FIleIO is used when PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO is set.
        code = "import sys; sys.exit(type(sys.stdout.buffer.raw).__name__ != 'FileIO')"
        env["PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO"] = "1"
        p = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", code],
                           creationflags=subprocess.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
                           env=env)
        support.skip_on_low_desktop_heap_memory_subprocess(p.returncode)
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'Test only applicable on Windows')
    def test_python_legacy_windows_stdio_encoding(self):
        # gh-86427: In the legacy mode the encoding of the standard streams
        # is the encoding of the console.
        import ctypes
        kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL('kernel32', use_last_error=True)
        try:
            fin = open('CONIN$')
        except OSError:
            self.skipTest('no console')
        # We cannot use PIPE, because the standard streams should be
        # connected to the console.  So we use the exit code.
        code = ("import sys; sys.exit(sys.stdin.encoding != 'cp850' or "
                "sys.stdout.encoding != 'cp850')")
        env = os.environ.copy()
        env['PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO'] = '1'
        env['PYTHONUTF8'] = '0'
        env.pop('PYTHONIOENCODING', None)
        old_cp = kernel32.GetConsoleCP()
        old_output_cp = kernel32.GetConsoleOutputCP()
        with fin, open('CONOUT$', 'w') as fout:
            try:
                if not kernel32.SetConsoleCP(850):
                    self.skipTest('cannot set the console input code page')
                if not kernel32.SetConsoleOutputCP(850):
                    self.skipTest('cannot set the console output code page')
                proc = subprocess.run([sys.executable, '-c', code], env=env,
                                      stdin=fin, stdout=fout,
                                      stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
            finally:
                kernel32.SetConsoleCP(old_cp)
                kernel32.SetConsoleOutputCP(old_output_cp)
        support.skip_on_low_desktop_heap_memory_subprocess(proc.returncode)
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0)

    @unittest.skipIf("-fsanitize" in sysconfig.get_config_vars().get('PY_CFLAGS', ()),
                     "PYTHONMALLOCSTATS doesn't work with ASAN")
    def test_python_malloc_stats(self):
        code = "pass"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONMALLOCSTATS='1')
        self.assertIn(b'Small block threshold', err)

    def test_python_user_base(self):
        code = "import site; print(site.USER_BASE)"
        expected = "/custom/userbase"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONUSERBASE=expected)
        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)

    def test_python_basic_repl(self):
        # Currently this only tests that the env var is set. See test_pyrepl.test_python_basic_repl.
        code = "import os; print('PYTHON_BASIC_REPL' in os.environ)"
        expected = "True"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHON_BASIC_REPL='1')
        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var('HAVE_PERF_TRAMPOLINE'), "Requires HAVE_PERF_TRAMPOLINE support")
    def test_python_perf_jit_support(self):
        code = "import sys; print(sys.is_stack_trampoline_active())"
        expected = "True"
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHON_PERF_JIT_SUPPORT='1')
        self.assertIn(expected.encode(), out)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'win32',
                         'bpo-32457 only applies on Windows')
    def test_argv0_normalization(self):
        args = sys.executable, '-c', 'print(0)'
        prefix, exe = os.path.split(sys.executable)
        executable = prefix + '\\.\\.\\.\\' + exe

        proc = subprocess.run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              executable=executable)
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0, proc)
        self.assertEqual(proc.stdout.strip(), b'0')

    @support.cpython_only
    @support.force_not_colorized
    def test_parsing_error(self):
        args = [sys.executable, '-I', '--unknown-option']
        proc = subprocess.run(args,
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                              text=True)
        err_msg = "Unknown option: --unknown-option\nusage: "
        self.assertStartsWith(proc.stderr, err_msg)
        self.assertNotEqual(proc.returncode, 0)

    def test_int_max_str_digits(self):
        code = "import sys; print(sys.flags.int_max_str_digits, sys.get_int_max_str_digits())"

        assert_python_failure('-X', 'int_max_str_digits', '-c', code)
        assert_python_failure('-X', 'int_max_str_digits=foo', '-c', code)
        assert_python_failure('-X', 'int_max_str_digits=100', '-c', code)
        assert_python_failure('-X', 'int_max_str_digits', '-c', code,
                              PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS='4000')

        assert_python_failure('-c', code, PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS='foo')
        assert_python_failure('-c', code, PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS='100')

        res = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
        res2int = self.res2int
        current_max = sys.get_int_max_str_digits()
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (current_max, current_max))
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'int_max_str_digits=0', '-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (0, 0))
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'int_max_str_digits=4000', '-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (4000, 4000))
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'int_max_str_digits=100000', '-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (100000, 100000))

        res = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS='0')
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (0, 0))
        res = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS='4000')
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (4000, 4000))
        res = assert_python_ok(
            '-X', 'int_max_str_digits=6000', '-c', code,
            PYTHONINTMAXSTRDIGITS='4000'
        )
        self.assertEqual(res2int(res), (6000, 6000))

    def test_cmd_dedent(self):
        # test that -c auto-dedents its arguments
        test_cases = [
            (
                """
                    print('space-auto-dedent')
                """,
                "space-auto-dedent",
            ),
            (
                dedent(
                    """
                ^^^print('tab-auto-dedent')
                """
                ).replace("^", "\t"),
                "tab-auto-dedent",
            ),
            (
                dedent(
                    """
                ^^if 1:
                ^^^^print('mixed-auto-dedent-1')
                ^^print('mixed-auto-dedent-2')
                """
                ).replace("^", "\t \t"),
                "mixed-auto-dedent-1\nmixed-auto-dedent-2",
            ),
            (
                '''
                    data = """$

                    this data has an empty newline above and a newline with spaces below $
                                            $
                    """$
                    if 1:         $
                        print(repr(data))$
                '''.replace(
                    "$", ""
                ),
                # Note: entirely blank lines are normalized to \n, even if they
                # are part of a data string. This is consistent with
                # textwrap.dedent behavior, but might not be intuitive.
                "'\\n\\nthis data has an empty newline above and a newline with spaces below \\n\\n'",
            ),
            (
                '',
                '',
            ),
            (
                '  \t\n\t\n \t\t\t  \t\t \t\n\t\t \n\n\n\t\t\t   ',
                '',
            ),
        ]
        for code, expected in test_cases:
            # Run the auto-dedent case
            args1 = sys.executable, '-c', code
            proc1 = subprocess.run(args1, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            self.assertEqual(proc1.returncode, 0, proc1)
            output1 = proc1.stdout.strip().decode(encoding='utf-8')

            # Manually dedent beforehand, check the result is the same.
            args2 = sys.executable, '-c', dedent(code)
            proc2 = subprocess.run(args2, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            self.assertEqual(proc2.returncode, 0, proc2)
            output2 = proc2.stdout.strip().decode(encoding='utf-8')

            self.assertEqual(output1, output2)
            self.assertEqual(output1.replace('\r\n', '\n'), expected)

    def test_cmd_dedent_failcase(self):
        # Mixing tabs and spaces is not allowed
        from textwrap import dedent
        template = dedent(
            '''
            -+if 1:
            +-++ print('will fail')
            ''')
        code = template.replace('-', ' ').replace('+', '\t')
        assert_python_failure('-c', code)
        code = template.replace('-', '\t').replace('+', ' ')
        assert_python_failure('-c', code)

    def test_cpu_count(self):
        code = "import os; print(os.cpu_count(), os.process_cpu_count())"
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'cpu_count=4321', '-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(self.res2int(res), (4321, 4321))
        res = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHON_CPU_COUNT='1234')
        self.assertEqual(self.res2int(res), (1234, 1234))

    def test_cpu_count_default(self):
        code = "import os; print(os.cpu_count(), os.process_cpu_count())"
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'cpu_count=default', '-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(self.res2int(res), (os.cpu_count(), os.process_cpu_count()))
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'cpu_count=default', '-c', code, PYTHON_CPU_COUNT='1234')
        self.assertEqual(self.res2int(res), (os.cpu_count(), os.process_cpu_count()))
        res = assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHON_CPU_COUNT='default')
        self.assertEqual(self.res2int(res), (os.cpu_count(), os.process_cpu_count()))

    def test_import_time(self):
        # os is not imported at startup
        code = 'import os; import os'

        for case in 'importtime', 'importtime=1', 'importtime=true':
            res = assert_python_ok('-X', case, '-c', code)
            res_err = res.err.decode('utf-8')
            self.assertRegex(res_err, r'import time: \s*\d+ \| \s*\d+ \| \s*os')
            self.assertNotRegex(res_err, r'import time: cached\s* \| cached\s* \| os')

        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'importtime=2', '-c', code)
        res_err = res.err.decode('utf-8')
        self.assertRegex(res_err, r'import time: \s*\d+ \| \s*\d+ \| \s*os')
        self.assertRegex(res_err, r'import time: cached\s* \| cached\s* \| os')

        assert_python_failure('-X', 'importtime=-1', '-c', code)
        assert_python_failure('-X', 'importtime=3', '-c', code)

    def test_import_time_unencodable_module_name(self):
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            import sys, types
            name = 'mod\\ud800'
            sys.modules[name] = types.ModuleType(name)
            __import__(name)
            try:
                __import__('nonexistent\\ud800')
            except ModuleNotFoundError:
                pass
        """)
        res = assert_python_ok('-X', 'importtime=2', '-c', code)
        res_err = res.err.decode('utf-8')
        self.assertRegex(res_err,
                         r'import time: cached\s* \| cached\s* \| mod\\ud800')
        self.assertRegex(res_err,
                         r'import time: \s*\d+ \| \s*\d+ \| \s*nonexistent\\ud800')

    def res2int(self, res):
        out = res.out.strip().decode("utf-8")
        return tuple(int(i) for i in out.split())

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_GIL_DISABLED,
                         "PYTHON_TLBC and -X tlbc"
                         " only supported in Py_GIL_DISABLED builds")
    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_disable_thread_local_bytecode(self):
        code = """if 1:
            import threading
            def test(x, y):
                return x + y
            t = threading.Thread(target=test, args=(1,2))
            t.start()
            t.join()"""
        assert_python_ok("-W", "always", "-X", "tlbc=0", "-c", code)
        assert_python_ok("-W", "always", "-c", code, PYTHON_TLBC="0")

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_GIL_DISABLED,
                         "PYTHON_TLBC and -X tlbc"
                         " only supported in Py_GIL_DISABLED builds")
    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_enable_thread_local_bytecode(self):
        code = """if 1:
            import threading
            def test(x, y):
                return x + y
            t = threading.Thread(target=test, args=(1,2))
            t.start()
            t.join()"""
        # The functionality of thread-local bytecode is tested more extensively
        # in test_thread_local_bytecode
        assert_python_ok("-W", "always", "-X", "tlbc=1", "-c", code)
        assert_python_ok("-W", "always", "-c", code, PYTHON_TLBC="1")

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_GIL_DISABLED,
                         "PYTHON_TLBC and -X tlbc"
                         " only supported in Py_GIL_DISABLED builds")
    def test_invalid_thread_local_bytecode(self):
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure("-X", "tlbc")
        self.assertIn(b"tlbc=n: n is missing or invalid", err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure("-X", "tlbc=foo")
        self.assertIn(b"tlbc=n: n is missing or invalid", err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure("-X", "tlbc=-1")
        self.assertIn(b"tlbc=n: n is missing or invalid", err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure("-X", "tlbc=2")
        self.assertIn(b"tlbc=n: n is missing or invalid", err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure(PYTHON_TLBC="foo")
        self.assertIn(b"PYTHON_TLBC=N: N is missing or invalid", err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure(PYTHON_TLBC="-1")
        self.assertIn(b"PYTHON_TLBC=N: N is missing or invalid", err)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure(PYTHON_TLBC="2")
        self.assertIn(b"PYTHON_TLBC=N: N is missing or invalid", err)

    @unittest.skipUnless(support.Py_DEBUG,
                         '-X presite requires a Python debug build')
    def test_presite(self):
        entrypoint = "test.test_cmd_line:presite_func"
        proc = assert_python_ok("-X", f"presite={entrypoint}", "-c", "pass")
        self.assertEqual(proc.out.rstrip(), b"presite func")

        entrypoint = "test.test_cmd_line:presite.attr.func"
        proc = assert_python_ok("-X", f"presite={entrypoint}", "-c", "pass")
        self.assertEqual(proc.out.rstrip(), b"presite func")

    def test_dump_path_config(self):
        # gh-151253: At the first import (import encodings) during Python
        # startup, if the import fails, dump the Python path configuration.
        nonexistent = '/nonexistent-python-path'
        # Use -X frozen_modules=off to disable frozen encodings module
        # on release build.
        cmd = ["-X", "frozen_modules=off", "-c", "pass"]
        proc = assert_python_failure(*cmd, PYTHONHOME=nonexistent)
        self.assertIn(b'Python path configuration:', proc.err)
        self.assertIn(f"PYTHONHOME = '{nonexistent}'".encode(), proc.err)


@unittest.skipIf(interpreter_requires_environment(),
                 'Cannot run -I tests when PYTHON env vars are required.')
class IgnoreEnvironmentTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def run_ignoring_vars(self, predicate, **env_vars):
        # Runs a subprocess with -E set, even though we're passing
        # specific environment variables
        # Logical inversion to match predicate check to a zero return
        # code indicating success
        code = "import sys; sys.stderr.write(str(sys.flags)); sys.exit(not ({}))".format(predicate)
        return assert_python_ok('-E', '-c', code, **env_vars)

    def test_ignore_PYTHONPATH(self):
        path = "should_be_ignored"
        self.run_ignoring_vars("'{}' not in sys.path".format(path),
                               PYTHONPATH=path)

    def test_ignore_PYTHONHASHSEED(self):
        self.run_ignoring_vars("sys.flags.hash_randomization == 1",
                               PYTHONHASHSEED="0")

    def test_sys_flags_not_set(self):
        # Issue 31845: a startup refactoring broke reading flags from env vars
        expected_outcome = """
            (sys.flags.debug == sys.flags.optimize ==
             sys.flags.dont_write_bytecode ==
             sys.flags.verbose == sys.flags.safe_path == 0)
        """
        self.run_ignoring_vars(
            expected_outcome,
            PYTHONDEBUG="1",
            PYTHONOPTIMIZE="1",
            PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE="1",
            PYTHONVERBOSE="1",
            PYTHONSAFEPATH="1",
        )


class SyntaxErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
    @force_not_colorized
    def check_string(self, code):
        proc = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-"], input=code,
                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.assertNotEqual(proc.returncode, 0)
        self.assertNotEqual(proc.stderr, None)
        self.assertIn(b"\nSyntaxError", proc.stderr)

    def test_tokenizer_error_with_stdin(self):
        self.check_string(b"(1+2+3")

    def test_decoding_error_at_the_end_of_the_line(self):
        self.check_string(br"'\u1f'")


def tearDownModule():
    support.reap_children()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()