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// Copyright 2017 The LUCI Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package auth
import (
"context"
"crypto/sha256"
"encoding/hex"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"sort"
"strings"
"time"
"golang.org/x/oauth2"
"go.chromium.org/luci/auth/identity"
"go.chromium.org/luci/common/clock"
"go.chromium.org/luci/common/errors"
"go.chromium.org/luci/common/gcloud/googleoauth"
"go.chromium.org/luci/common/logging"
"go.chromium.org/luci/common/retry"
"go.chromium.org/luci/common/retry/transient"
"go.chromium.org/luci/grpc/grpcutil"
"go.chromium.org/luci/server/caching"
"go.chromium.org/luci/server/caching/layered"
)
var (
// ErrBadOAuthToken is returned by GoogleOAuth2Method if the access token it
// checks either totally invalid, expired or has a wrong list of scopes.
ErrBadOAuthToken = errors.New("oauth: bad access token", grpcutil.UnauthenticatedTag)
// ErrBadAuthorizationHeader is returned by GoogleOAuth2Method if it doesn't
// recognize the format of Authorization header.
ErrBadAuthorizationHeader = errors.New("oauth: bad Authorization header", grpcutil.UnauthenticatedTag)
)
// tokenValidationOutcome is returned by validateAccessToken and cached in
// oauthValidationCache.
//
// It either contains an info extracted from the token or an error message if
// the token is invalid.
type tokenValidationOutcome struct {
Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
ClientID string `json:"client_id,omitempty"`
Scopes []string `json:"scopes,omitempty"` // sorted
Expiry int64 `json:"expiry,omitempty"` // unix timestamp
Error string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}
// SHA256(access token) => JSON-marshalled *tokenValidationOutcome.
var oauthValidationCache = layered.Cache{
ProcessLRUCache: caching.RegisterLRUCache(65536),
GlobalNamespace: "oauth_validation_v1",
Marshal: func(item interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
return json.Marshal(item.(*tokenValidationOutcome))
},
Unmarshal: func(blob []byte) (interface{}, error) {
tok := &tokenValidationOutcome{}
if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, tok); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return tok, nil
},
}
// GoogleOAuth2Method implements Method via Google's OAuth2 token info endpoint.
//
// Note that it uses the endpoint which "has no SLA and is not intended for
// production use". The closest alternative is /userinfo endpoint, but it
// doesn't return the token expiration time (so we can't cache the result of
// the check) nor the list of OAuth scopes the token has, nor the client ID to
// check against a whitelist.
//
// The general Google's recommendation is to use access tokens only for
// accessing Google APIs and use OpenID Connect Identity tokens for
// authentication in your own services instead (they are locally verifiable
// JWTs).
//
// Unfortunately, using OpenID tokens for LUCI services and OAuth2 access token
// for Google services significantly complicates clients, especially in
// non-trivial cases (like authenticating from a Swarming job): they now must
// support two token kinds and know which one to use when.
//
// There's no solution currently that preserves all of correctness, performance,
// usability and availability:
// * Using /tokeninfo (like is done currently) sacrifices availability.
// * Using /userinfo sacrifices correctness (no client ID or scopes check).
// * Using OpenID ID tokens scarifies usability for the clients.
type GoogleOAuth2Method struct {
// Scopes is a list of OAuth scopes to check when authenticating the token.
Scopes []string
// tokenInfoEndpoint is used in unit test to mock production endpoint.
tokenInfoEndpoint string
}
var _ UserCredentialsGetter = (*GoogleOAuth2Method)(nil)
// Authenticate implements Method.
func (m *GoogleOAuth2Method) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, r *http.Request) (*User, error) {
// Extract the access token from the Authorization header.
header := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
if header == "" || len(m.Scopes) == 0 {
return nil, nil // this method is not applicable
}
accessToken, err := accessTokenFromHeader(header)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Store only the token hash in the cache, so that if a memory or cache dump
// ever occurs, the tokens themselves aren't included in it.
h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(accessToken))
cacheKey := hex.EncodeToString(h[:])
// Verify the token using /tokeninfo endpoint or grab a result of the previous
// verification. We cache both good and bad tokens for extra 10 min to avoid
// uselessly rechecking them all the time. Note that a bad token can't turn
// into a good one with the passage of time, so its OK to cache it. And a good
// token can turn into a bad one only when it expires (we check it below), so
// it is also OK to cache it.
//
// TODO(vadimsh): Strictly speaking we need to store bad tokens in a separate
// cache, so a flood of bad tokens (which are very easy to produce, compared
// to good tokens) doesn't evict good tokens from the process cache.
cached, err := oauthValidationCache.GetOrCreate(ctx, cacheKey, func() (interface{}, time.Duration, error) {
logging.Infof(ctx, "oauth: validating access token SHA256=%q", cacheKey)
outcome, expiresIn, err := validateAccessToken(ctx, accessToken, m.tokenInfoEndpoint)
if err != nil {
return nil, 0, err
}
return outcome, 10*time.Minute + expiresIn, nil
})
if err != nil {
return nil, err // the check itself failed
}
outcome := cached.(*tokenValidationOutcome)
// Fail if the token was never valid.
if outcome.Error != "" {
logging.Warningf(ctx, "oauth: access token SHA256=%q: %s", cacheKey, outcome.Error)
return nil, ErrBadOAuthToken
}
// Fail if the token was once valid but has expired since.
if expired := clock.Now(ctx).Unix() - outcome.Expiry; expired > 0 {
logging.Warningf(ctx, "oauth: access token SHA256=%q from %s expired %d sec ago",
cacheKey, outcome.Email, expired)
return nil, ErrBadOAuthToken
}
// Fail if the token doesn't have all required scopes.
var missingScopes []string
for _, s := range m.Scopes {
idx := sort.SearchStrings(outcome.Scopes, s)
if idx == len(outcome.Scopes) || outcome.Scopes[idx] != s {
missingScopes = append(missingScopes, s)
}
}
if len(missingScopes) != 0 {
logging.Warningf(ctx, "oauth: access token SHA256=%q from %s doesn't have scopes %q, it has %q",
cacheKey, outcome.Email, missingScopes, outcome.Scopes)
return nil, ErrBadOAuthToken
}
return &User{
Identity: identity.Identity("user:" + outcome.Email),
Email: outcome.Email,
ClientID: outcome.ClientID,
}, nil
}
// GetUserCredentials implements UserCredentialsGetter.
func (m *GoogleOAuth2Method) GetUserCredentials(c context.Context, r *http.Request) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
accessToken, err := accessTokenFromHeader(r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &oauth2.Token{
AccessToken: accessToken,
TokenType: "Bearer",
}, nil
}
// accessTokenFromHeader parses Authorization header.
func accessTokenFromHeader(header string) (string, error) {
chunks := strings.SplitN(header, " ", 2)
if len(chunks) != 2 || (chunks[0] != "OAuth" && chunks[0] != "Bearer") {
return "", ErrBadAuthorizationHeader
}
return chunks[1], nil
}
// validateAccessToken uses OAuth2 tokeninfo endpoint to validate an access
// token.
//
// Returns its outcome as tokenValidationOutcome. It either contains a token
// info or an error message if the token is invalid. If the token is valid,
// also returns the duration until it expires.
//
// Returns an error if the check itself fails, e.g. we couldn't make the
// request. Such errors may be transient (network flakes) or fatal
// (auth library misconfiguration).
func validateAccessToken(ctx context.Context, accessToken, tokenInfoEndpoint string) (*tokenValidationOutcome, time.Duration, error) {
tr, err := GetRPCTransport(ctx, NoAuth)
if err != nil {
return nil, 0, err
}
tokenInfo, err := queryTokenInfoEndpoint(ctx, googleoauth.TokenInfoParams{
AccessToken: accessToken,
Client: &http.Client{Transport: tr},
Endpoint: tokenInfoEndpoint, // "" means "use default"
})
if err != nil {
if err == googleoauth.ErrBadToken {
return &tokenValidationOutcome{Error: err.Error()}, 0, nil
}
return nil, 0, errors.Annotate(err, "oauth: transient error when validating the token").Tag(transient.Tag).Err()
}
// Verify the token contains all necessary fields.
errorMsg := ""
switch {
case tokenInfo.Email == "":
errorMsg = "the token is not associated with an email"
case !tokenInfo.EmailVerified:
errorMsg = fmt.Sprintf("the email %s in the token is not verified", tokenInfo.Email)
case tokenInfo.ExpiresIn <= 0:
errorMsg = fmt.Sprintf("in a token from %s 'expires_in' %d is not a positive integer", tokenInfo.Email, tokenInfo.ExpiresIn)
case tokenInfo.Aud == "":
errorMsg = fmt.Sprintf("in a token from %s 'aud' field is empty", tokenInfo.Email)
case tokenInfo.Scope == "":
errorMsg = fmt.Sprintf("in a token from %s 'scope' field is empty", tokenInfo.Scope)
}
if errorMsg != "" {
return &tokenValidationOutcome{Error: errorMsg}, 0, nil
}
// Verify the email passes our regexp check.
if _, err := identity.MakeIdentity("user:" + tokenInfo.Email); err != nil {
return &tokenValidationOutcome{Error: err.Error()}, 0, nil
}
// Sort scopes alphabetically to speed up lookups in Authenticate.
scopes := strings.Split(tokenInfo.Scope, " ")
sort.Strings(scopes)
// The token is good.
expiresIn := time.Duration(tokenInfo.ExpiresIn) * time.Second
return &tokenValidationOutcome{
Email: tokenInfo.Email,
ClientID: tokenInfo.Aud,
Scopes: scopes,
Expiry: clock.Now(ctx).Add(expiresIn).Unix(),
}, expiresIn, nil
}
// queryTokenInfoEndpoint calls the token info endpoint with retries.
func queryTokenInfoEndpoint(ctx context.Context, params googleoauth.TokenInfoParams) (info *googleoauth.TokenInfo, err error) {
ctx = clock.Tag(ctx, "oauth-tokeninfo-retry")
retryParams := func() retry.Iterator {
return &retry.ExponentialBackoff{
Limited: retry.Limited{
Delay: 10 * time.Millisecond,
Retries: 5,
},
}
}
err = retry.Retry(ctx, transient.Only(retryParams), func() (err error) {
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
defer cancel()
start := clock.Now(ctx)
outcome := "ERROR"
switch info, err = googleoauth.GetTokenInfo(ctx, params); {
case err == nil:
outcome = "OK"
case err == googleoauth.ErrBadToken:
outcome = "BAD_TOKEN"
case errors.Unwrap(err) == context.DeadlineExceeded:
outcome = "DEADLINE"
}
tokenInfoCallDuration.Add(ctx, float64(clock.Since(ctx, start).Nanoseconds()/1000), outcome)
return err
}, retry.LogCallback(ctx, "tokeninfo"))
return info, err
}