src/conversions-inl.h - v8/v8.git - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2011 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.

 #ifndef V8_CONVERSIONS_INL_H_
 #define V8_CONVERSIONS_INL_H_

 #include <float.h>         // Required for DBL_MAX and on Win32 for finite()
 #include <limits.h>        // Required for INT_MAX etc.
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <cmath>
 #include "src/globals.h"       // Required for V8_INFINITY
 #include "src/unicode-cache-inl.h"

 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Extra POSIX/ANSI functions for Win32/MSVC.

 #include "src/base/bits.h"
 #include "src/base/platform/platform.h"
 #include "src/conversions.h"
 #include "src/double.h"
 #include "src/objects-inl.h"
 #include "src/strtod.h"

 namespace v8 {
 namespace internal {

 inline double JunkStringValue() {
   return bit_cast<double, uint64_t>(kQuietNaNMask);
 }


 inline double SignedZero(bool negative) {
   return negative ? uint64_to_double(Double::kSignMask) : 0.0;
 }


 // The fast double-to-unsigned-int conversion routine does not guarantee
 // rounding towards zero, or any reasonable value if the argument is larger
 // than what fits in an unsigned 32-bit integer.
 inline unsigned int FastD2UI(double x) {
   // There is no unsigned version of lrint, so there is no fast path
   // in this function as there is in FastD2I. Using lrint doesn't work
   // for values of 2^31 and above.

   // Convert "small enough" doubles to uint32_t by fixing the 32
   // least significant non-fractional bits in the low 32 bits of the
   // double, and reading them from there.
   const double k2Pow52 = 4503599627370496.0;
   bool negative = x < 0;
   if (negative) {
     x = -x;
   }
   if (x < k2Pow52) {
     x += k2Pow52;
     uint32_t result;
 #ifndef V8_TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN
     Address mantissa_ptr = reinterpret_cast<Address>(&x);
 #else
     Address mantissa_ptr = reinterpret_cast<Address>(&x) + kIntSize;
 #endif
     // Copy least significant 32 bits of mantissa.
     memcpy(&result, mantissa_ptr, sizeof(result));
     return negative ? ~result + 1 : result;
   }
   // Large number (outside uint32 range), Infinity or NaN.
   return 0x80000000u;  // Return integer indefinite.
 }


 inline float DoubleToFloat32(double x) {
   // TODO(yangguo): This static_cast is implementation-defined behaviour in C++,
   // so we may need to do the conversion manually instead to match the spec.
   volatile float f = static_cast<float>(x);
   return f;
 }


 inline double DoubleToInteger(double x) {
   if (std::isnan(x)) return 0;
   if (!std::isfinite(x) || x == 0) return x;
   return (x >= 0) ? std::floor(x) : std::ceil(x);
 }


 int32_t DoubleToInt32(double x) {
   int32_t i = FastD2I(x);
   if (FastI2D(i) == x) return i;
   Double d(x);
   int exponent = d.Exponent();
   if (exponent < 0) {
     if (exponent <= -Double::kSignificandSize) return 0;
     return d.Sign() * static_cast<int32_t>(d.Significand() >> -exponent);
   } else {
     if (exponent > 31) return 0;
     return d.Sign() * static_cast<int32_t>(d.Significand() << exponent);
   }
 }

 bool DoubleToSmiInteger(double value, int* smi_int_value) {
   if (IsMinusZero(value)) return false;
   int i = FastD2IChecked(value);
   if (value != i || !Smi::IsValid(i)) return false;
   *smi_int_value = i;
   return true;
 }

 bool IsSmiDouble(double value) {
   return !IsMinusZero(value) && value >= Smi::kMinValue &&
          value <= Smi::kMaxValue && value == FastI2D(FastD2I(value));
 }


 bool IsInt32Double(double value) {
   return !IsMinusZero(value) && value >= kMinInt && value <= kMaxInt &&
          value == FastI2D(FastD2I(value));
 }


 bool IsUint32Double(double value) {
   return !IsMinusZero(value) && value >= 0 && value <= kMaxUInt32 &&
          value == FastUI2D(FastD2UI(value));
 }


 int32_t NumberToInt32(Object* number) {
   if (number->IsSmi()) return Smi::cast(number)->value();
   return DoubleToInt32(number->Number());
 }


 uint32_t NumberToUint32(Object* number) {
   if (number->IsSmi()) return Smi::cast(number)->value();
   return DoubleToUint32(number->Number());
 }

 int64_t NumberToInt64(Object* number) {
   if (number->IsSmi()) return Smi::cast(number)->value();
   return static_cast<int64_t>(number->Number());
 }

 bool TryNumberToSize(Object* number, size_t* result) {
   // Do not create handles in this function! Don't use SealHandleScope because
   // the function can be used concurrently.
   if (number->IsSmi()) {
     int value = Smi::cast(number)->value();
     DCHECK(static_cast<unsigned>(Smi::kMaxValue) <=
            std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
     if (value >= 0) {
       *result = static_cast<size_t>(value);
       return true;
     }
     return false;
   } else {
     DCHECK(number->IsHeapNumber());
     double value = HeapNumber::cast(number)->value();
     if (value >= 0 && value <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) {
       *result = static_cast<size_t>(value);
       return true;
     } else {
       return false;
     }
   }
 }

 size_t NumberToSize(Object* number) {
   size_t result = 0;
   bool is_valid = TryNumberToSize(number, &result);
   CHECK(is_valid);
   return result;
 }


 uint32_t DoubleToUint32(double x) {
   return static_cast<uint32_t>(DoubleToInt32(x));
 }


 template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
 bool SubStringEquals(Iterator* current,
                      EndMark end,
                      const char* substring) {
   DCHECK(**current == *substring);
   for (substring++; *substring != '\0'; substring++) {
     ++*current;
     if (*current == end || **current != *substring) return false;
   }
   ++*current;
   return true;
 }


 // Returns true if a nonspace character has been found and false if the
 // end was been reached before finding a nonspace character.
 template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
 inline bool AdvanceToNonspace(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
                               Iterator* current,
                               EndMark end) {
   while (*current != end) {
     if (!unicode_cache->IsWhiteSpaceOrLineTerminator(**current)) return true;
     ++*current;
   }
   return false;
 }


 // Parsing integers with radix 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. Assumes current != end.
 template <int radix_log_2, class Iterator, class EndMark>
 double InternalStringToIntDouble(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
                                  Iterator current,
                                  EndMark end,
                                  bool negative,
                                  bool allow_trailing_junk) {
   DCHECK(current != end);

   // Skip leading 0s.
   while (*current == '0') {
     ++current;
     if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
   }

   int64_t number = 0;
   int exponent = 0;
   const int radix = (1 << radix_log_2);

   do {
     int digit;
     if (*current >= '0' && *current <= '9' && *current < '0' + radix) {
       digit = static_cast<char>(*current) - '0';
     } else if (radix > 10 && *current >= 'a' && *current < 'a' + radix - 10) {
       digit = static_cast<char>(*current) - 'a' + 10;
     } else if (radix > 10 && *current >= 'A' && *current < 'A' + radix - 10) {
       digit = static_cast<char>(*current) - 'A' + 10;
     } else {
       if (allow_trailing_junk ||
           !AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
         break;
       } else {
         return JunkStringValue();
       }
     }

     number = number * radix + digit;
     int overflow = static_cast<int>(number >> 53);
     if (overflow != 0) {
       // Overflow occurred. Need to determine which direction to round the
       // result.
       int overflow_bits_count = 1;
       while (overflow > 1) {
         overflow_bits_count++;
         overflow >>= 1;
       }

       int dropped_bits_mask = ((1 << overflow_bits_count) - 1);
       int dropped_bits = static_cast<int>(number) & dropped_bits_mask;
       number >>= overflow_bits_count;
       exponent = overflow_bits_count;

       bool zero_tail = true;
       while (true) {
         ++current;
         if (current == end || !isDigit(*current, radix)) break;
         zero_tail = zero_tail && *current == '0';
         exponent += radix_log_2;
       }

       if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
           AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
         return JunkStringValue();
       }

       int middle_value = (1 << (overflow_bits_count - 1));
       if (dropped_bits > middle_value) {
         number++;  // Rounding up.
       } else if (dropped_bits == middle_value) {
         // Rounding to even to consistency with decimals: half-way case rounds
         // up if significant part is odd and down otherwise.
         if ((number & 1) != 0 || !zero_tail) {
           number++;  // Rounding up.
         }
       }

       // Rounding up may cause overflow.
       if ((number & (static_cast<int64_t>(1) << 53)) != 0) {
         exponent++;
         number >>= 1;
       }
       break;
     }
     ++current;
   } while (current != end);

   DCHECK(number < ((int64_t)1 << 53));
   DCHECK(static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<double>(number)) == number);

   if (exponent == 0) {
     if (negative) {
       if (number == 0) return -0.0;
       number = -number;
     }
     return static_cast<double>(number);
   }

   DCHECK(number != 0);
   return std::ldexp(static_cast<double>(negative ? -number : number), exponent);
 }

 // ES6 18.2.5 parseInt(string, radix)
 template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
 double InternalStringToInt(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
                            Iterator current,
                            EndMark end,
                            int radix) {
   const bool allow_trailing_junk = true;
   const double empty_string_val = JunkStringValue();

   if (!AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
     return empty_string_val;
   }

   bool negative = false;
   bool leading_zero = false;

   if (*current == '+') {
     // Ignore leading sign; skip following spaces.
     ++current;
     if (current == end) {
       return JunkStringValue();
     }
   } else if (*current == '-') {
     ++current;
     if (current == end) {
       return JunkStringValue();
     }
     negative = true;
   }

   if (radix == 0) {
     // Radix detection.
     radix = 10;
     if (*current == '0') {
       ++current;
       if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
       if (*current == 'x' || *current == 'X') {
         radix = 16;
         ++current;
         if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
       } else {
         leading_zero = true;
       }
     }
   } else if (radix == 16) {
     if (*current == '0') {
       // Allow "0x" prefix.
       ++current;
       if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
       if (*current == 'x' || *current == 'X') {
         ++current;
         if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
       } else {
         leading_zero = true;
       }
     }
   }

   if (radix < 2 || radix > 36) return JunkStringValue();

   // Skip leading zeros.
   while (*current == '0') {
     leading_zero = true;
     ++current;
     if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
   }

   if (!leading_zero && !isDigit(*current, radix)) {
     return JunkStringValue();
   }

   if (base::bits::IsPowerOfTwo32(radix)) {
     switch (radix) {
       case 2:
         return InternalStringToIntDouble<1>(
             unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);
       case 4:
         return InternalStringToIntDouble<2>(
             unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);
       case 8:
         return InternalStringToIntDouble<3>(
             unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);

       case 16:
         return InternalStringToIntDouble<4>(
             unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);

       case 32:
         return InternalStringToIntDouble<5>(
             unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);
       default:
         UNREACHABLE();
     }
   }

   if (radix == 10) {
     // Parsing with strtod.
     const int kMaxSignificantDigits = 309;  // Doubles are less than 1.8e308.
     // The buffer may contain up to kMaxSignificantDigits + 1 digits and a zero
     // end.
     const int kBufferSize = kMaxSignificantDigits + 2;
     char buffer[kBufferSize];
     int buffer_pos = 0;
     while (*current >= '0' && *current <= '9') {
       if (buffer_pos <= kMaxSignificantDigits) {
         // If the number has more than kMaxSignificantDigits it will be parsed
         // as infinity.
         DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
         buffer[buffer_pos++] = static_cast<char>(*current);
       }
       ++current;
       if (current == end) break;
     }

     if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
         AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
       return JunkStringValue();
     }

     SLOW_DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
     buffer[buffer_pos] = '\0';
     Vector<const char> buffer_vector(buffer, buffer_pos);
     return negative ? -Strtod(buffer_vector, 0) : Strtod(buffer_vector, 0);
   }

   // The following code causes accumulating rounding error for numbers greater
   // than ~2^56. It's explicitly allowed in the spec: "if R is not 2, 4, 8, 10,
   // 16, or 32, then mathInt may be an implementation-dependent approximation to
   // the mathematical integer value" (15.1.2.2).

   int lim_0 = '0' + (radix < 10 ? radix : 10);
   int lim_a = 'a' + (radix - 10);
   int lim_A = 'A' + (radix - 10);

   // NOTE: The code for computing the value may seem a bit complex at
   // first glance. It is structured to use 32-bit multiply-and-add
   // loops as long as possible to avoid loosing precision.

   double v = 0.0;
   bool done = false;
   do {
     // Parse the longest part of the string starting at index j
     // possible while keeping the multiplier, and thus the part
     // itself, within 32 bits.
     unsigned int part = 0, multiplier = 1;
     while (true) {
       int d;
       if (*current >= '0' && *current < lim_0) {
         d = *current - '0';
       } else if (*current >= 'a' && *current < lim_a) {
         d = *current - 'a' + 10;
       } else if (*current >= 'A' && *current < lim_A) {
         d = *current - 'A' + 10;
       } else {
         done = true;
         break;
       }

       // Update the value of the part as long as the multiplier fits
       // in 32 bits. When we can't guarantee that the next iteration
       // will not overflow the multiplier, we stop parsing the part
       // by leaving the loop.
       const unsigned int kMaximumMultiplier = 0xffffffffU / 36;
       uint32_t m = multiplier * radix;
       if (m > kMaximumMultiplier) break;
       part = part * radix + d;
       multiplier = m;
       DCHECK(multiplier > part);

       ++current;
       if (current == end) {
         done = true;
         break;
       }
     }

     // Update the value and skip the part in the string.
     v = v * multiplier + part;
   } while (!done);

   if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
       AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
     return JunkStringValue();
   }

   return negative ? -v : v;
 }


 // Converts a string to a double value. Assumes the Iterator supports
 // the following operations:
 // 1. current == end (other ops are not allowed), current != end.
 // 2. *current - gets the current character in the sequence.
 // 3. ++current (advances the position).
 template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
 double InternalStringToDouble(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
                               Iterator current,
                               EndMark end,
                               int flags,
                               double empty_string_val) {
   // To make sure that iterator dereferencing is valid the following
   // convention is used:
   // 1. Each '++current' statement is followed by check for equality to 'end'.
   // 2. If AdvanceToNonspace returned false then current == end.
   // 3. If 'current' becomes be equal to 'end' the function returns or goes to
   // 'parsing_done'.
   // 4. 'current' is not dereferenced after the 'parsing_done' label.
   // 5. Code before 'parsing_done' may rely on 'current != end'.
   if (!AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
     return empty_string_val;
   }

   const bool allow_trailing_junk = (flags & ALLOW_TRAILING_JUNK) != 0;

   // The longest form of simplified number is: "-<significant digits>'.1eXXX\0".
   const int kBufferSize = kMaxSignificantDigits + 10;
   char buffer[kBufferSize];  // NOLINT: size is known at compile time.
   int buffer_pos = 0;

   // Exponent will be adjusted if insignificant digits of the integer part
   // or insignificant leading zeros of the fractional part are dropped.
   int exponent = 0;
   int significant_digits = 0;
   int insignificant_digits = 0;
   bool nonzero_digit_dropped = false;

   enum Sign {
     NONE,
     NEGATIVE,
     POSITIVE
   };

   Sign sign = NONE;

   if (*current == '+') {
     // Ignore leading sign.
     ++current;
     if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
     sign = POSITIVE;
   } else if (*current == '-') {
     ++current;
     if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
     sign = NEGATIVE;
   }

   static const char kInfinityString[] = "Infinity";
   if (*current == kInfinityString[0]) {
     if (!SubStringEquals(&current, end, kInfinityString)) {
       return JunkStringValue();
     }

     if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
         AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
       return JunkStringValue();
     }

     DCHECK(buffer_pos == 0);
     return (sign == NEGATIVE) ? -V8_INFINITY : V8_INFINITY;
   }

   bool leading_zero = false;
   if (*current == '0') {
     ++current;
     if (current == end) return SignedZero(sign == NEGATIVE);

     leading_zero = true;

     // It could be hexadecimal value.
     if ((flags & ALLOW_HEX) && (*current == 'x' || *current == 'X')) {
       ++current;
       if (current == end || !isDigit(*current, 16) || sign != NONE) {
         return JunkStringValue();  // "0x".
       }

       return InternalStringToIntDouble<4>(unicode_cache,
                                           current,
                                           end,
                                           false,
                                           allow_trailing_junk);

     // It could be an explicit octal value.
     } else if ((flags & ALLOW_OCTAL) && (*current == 'o' || *current == 'O')) {
       ++current;
       if (current == end || !isDigit(*current, 8) || sign != NONE) {
         return JunkStringValue();  // "0o".
       }

       return InternalStringToIntDouble<3>(unicode_cache,
                                           current,
                                           end,
                                           false,
                                           allow_trailing_junk);

     // It could be a binary value.
     } else if ((flags & ALLOW_BINARY) && (*current == 'b' || *current == 'B')) {
       ++current;
       if (current == end || !isBinaryDigit(*current) || sign != NONE) {
         return JunkStringValue();  // "0b".
       }

       return InternalStringToIntDouble<1>(unicode_cache,
                                           current,
                                           end,
                                           false,
                                           allow_trailing_junk);
     }

     // Ignore leading zeros in the integer part.
     while (*current == '0') {
       ++current;
       if (current == end) return SignedZero(sign == NEGATIVE);
     }
   }

   bool octal = leading_zero && (flags & ALLOW_IMPLICIT_OCTAL) != 0;

   // Copy significant digits of the integer part (if any) to the buffer.
   while (*current >= '0' && *current <= '9') {
     if (significant_digits < kMaxSignificantDigits) {
       DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
       buffer[buffer_pos++] = static_cast<char>(*current);
       significant_digits++;
       // Will later check if it's an octal in the buffer.
     } else {
       insignificant_digits++;  // Move the digit into the exponential part.
       nonzero_digit_dropped = nonzero_digit_dropped || *current != '0';
     }
     octal = octal && *current < '8';
     ++current;
     if (current == end) goto parsing_done;
   }

   if (significant_digits == 0) {
     octal = false;
   }

   if (*current == '.') {
     if (octal && !allow_trailing_junk) return JunkStringValue();
     if (octal) goto parsing_done;

     ++current;
     if (current == end) {
       if (significant_digits == 0 && !leading_zero) {
         return JunkStringValue();
       } else {
         goto parsing_done;
       }
     }

     if (significant_digits == 0) {
       // octal = false;
       // Integer part consists of 0 or is absent. Significant digits start after
       // leading zeros (if any).
       while (*current == '0') {
         ++current;
         if (current == end) return SignedZero(sign == NEGATIVE);
         exponent--;  // Move this 0 into the exponent.
       }
     }

     // There is a fractional part.  We don't emit a '.', but adjust the exponent
     // instead.
     while (*current >= '0' && *current <= '9') {
       if (significant_digits < kMaxSignificantDigits) {
         DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
         buffer[buffer_pos++] = static_cast<char>(*current);
         significant_digits++;
         exponent--;
       } else {
         // Ignore insignificant digits in the fractional part.
         nonzero_digit_dropped = nonzero_digit_dropped || *current != '0';
       }
       ++current;
       if (current == end) goto parsing_done;
     }
   }

   if (!leading_zero && exponent == 0 && significant_digits == 0) {
     // If leading_zeros is true then the string contains zeros.
     // If exponent < 0 then string was [+-]\.0*...
     // If significant_digits != 0 the string is not equal to 0.
     // Otherwise there are no digits in the string.
     return JunkStringValue();
   }

   // Parse exponential part.
   if (*current == 'e' || *current == 'E') {
     if (octal) return JunkStringValue();
     ++current;
     if (current == end) {
       if (allow_trailing_junk) {
         goto parsing_done;
       } else {
         return JunkStringValue();
       }
     }
     char sign = '+';
     if (*current == '+' || *current == '-') {
       sign = static_cast<char>(*current);
       ++current;
       if (current == end) {
         if (allow_trailing_junk) {
           goto parsing_done;
         } else {
           return JunkStringValue();
         }
       }
     }

     if (current == end || *current < '0' || *current > '9') {
       if (allow_trailing_junk) {
         goto parsing_done;
       } else {
         return JunkStringValue();
       }
     }

     const int max_exponent = INT_MAX / 2;
     DCHECK(-max_exponent / 2 <= exponent && exponent <= max_exponent / 2);
     int num = 0;
     do {
       // Check overflow.
       int digit = *current - '0';
       if (num >= max_exponent / 10
           && !(num == max_exponent / 10 && digit <= max_exponent % 10)) {
         num = max_exponent;
       } else {
         num = num * 10 + digit;
       }
       ++current;
     } while (current != end && *current >= '0' && *current <= '9');

     exponent += (sign == '-' ? -num : num);
   }

   if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
       AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
     return JunkStringValue();
   }

   parsing_done:
   exponent += insignificant_digits;

   if (octal) {
     return InternalStringToIntDouble<3>(unicode_cache,
                                         buffer,
                                         buffer + buffer_pos,
                                         sign == NEGATIVE,
                                         allow_trailing_junk);
   }

   if (nonzero_digit_dropped) {
     buffer[buffer_pos++] = '1';
     exponent--;
   }

   SLOW_DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
   buffer[buffer_pos] = '\0';

   double converted = Strtod(Vector<const char>(buffer, buffer_pos), exponent);
   return (sign == NEGATIVE) ? -converted : converted;
 }

 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace v8

 #endif  // V8_CONVERSIONS_INL_H_
	// Copyright 2011 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
	// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
	// found in the LICENSE file.

	#ifndef V8_CONVERSIONS_INL_H_
	#define V8_CONVERSIONS_INL_H_

	#include <float.h> // Required for DBL_MAX and on Win32 for finite()
	#include <limits.h> // Required for INT_MAX etc.
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <cmath>
	#include "src/globals.h" // Required for V8_INFINITY
	#include "src/unicode-cache-inl.h"

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Extra POSIX/ANSI functions for Win32/MSVC.

	#include "src/base/bits.h"
	#include "src/base/platform/platform.h"
	#include "src/conversions.h"
	#include "src/double.h"
	#include "src/objects-inl.h"
	#include "src/strtod.h"

	namespace v8 {
	namespace internal {

	inline double JunkStringValue() {
	return bit_cast<double, uint64_t>(kQuietNaNMask);
	}


	inline double SignedZero(bool negative) {
	return negative ? uint64_to_double(Double::kSignMask) : 0.0;
	}


	// The fast double-to-unsigned-int conversion routine does not guarantee
	// rounding towards zero, or any reasonable value if the argument is larger
	// than what fits in an unsigned 32-bit integer.
	inline unsigned int FastD2UI(double x) {
	// There is no unsigned version of lrint, so there is no fast path
	// in this function as there is in FastD2I. Using lrint doesn't work
	// for values of 2^31 and above.

	// Convert "small enough" doubles to uint32_t by fixing the 32
	// least significant non-fractional bits in the low 32 bits of the
	// double, and reading them from there.
	const double k2Pow52 = 4503599627370496.0;
	bool negative = x < 0;
	if (negative) {
	x = -x;
	}
	if (x < k2Pow52) {
	x += k2Pow52;
	uint32_t result;
	#ifndef V8_TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN
	Address mantissa_ptr = reinterpret_cast<Address>(&x);
	#else
	Address mantissa_ptr = reinterpret_cast<Address>(&x) + kIntSize;
	#endif
	// Copy least significant 32 bits of mantissa.
	memcpy(&result, mantissa_ptr, sizeof(result));
	return negative ? ~result + 1 : result;
	}
	// Large number (outside uint32 range), Infinity or NaN.
	return 0x80000000u; // Return integer indefinite.
	}


	inline float DoubleToFloat32(double x) {
	// TODO(yangguo): This static_cast is implementation-defined behaviour in C++,
	// so we may need to do the conversion manually instead to match the spec.
	volatile float f = static_cast<float>(x);
	return f;
	}


	inline double DoubleToInteger(double x) {
	if (std::isnan(x)) return 0;
	if (!std::isfinite(x) \|\| x == 0) return x;
	return (x >= 0) ? std::floor(x) : std::ceil(x);
	}


	int32_t DoubleToInt32(double x) {
	int32_t i = FastD2I(x);
	if (FastI2D(i) == x) return i;
	Double d(x);
	int exponent = d.Exponent();
	if (exponent < 0) {
	if (exponent <= -Double::kSignificandSize) return 0;
	return d.Sign() * static_cast<int32_t>(d.Significand() >> -exponent);
	} else {
	if (exponent > 31) return 0;
	return d.Sign() * static_cast<int32_t>(d.Significand() << exponent);
	}
	}

	bool DoubleToSmiInteger(double value, int* smi_int_value) {
	if (IsMinusZero(value)) return false;
	int i = FastD2IChecked(value);
	if (value != i \|\| !Smi::IsValid(i)) return false;
	*smi_int_value = i;
	return true;
	}

	bool IsSmiDouble(double value) {
	return !IsMinusZero(value) && value >= Smi::kMinValue &&
	value <= Smi::kMaxValue && value == FastI2D(FastD2I(value));
	}


	bool IsInt32Double(double value) {
	return !IsMinusZero(value) && value >= kMinInt && value <= kMaxInt &&
	value == FastI2D(FastD2I(value));
	}


	bool IsUint32Double(double value) {
	return !IsMinusZero(value) && value >= 0 && value <= kMaxUInt32 &&
	value == FastUI2D(FastD2UI(value));
	}


	int32_t NumberToInt32(Object* number) {
	if (number->IsSmi()) return Smi::cast(number)->value();
	return DoubleToInt32(number->Number());
	}


	uint32_t NumberToUint32(Object* number) {
	if (number->IsSmi()) return Smi::cast(number)->value();
	return DoubleToUint32(number->Number());
	}

	int64_t NumberToInt64(Object* number) {
	if (number->IsSmi()) return Smi::cast(number)->value();
	return static_cast<int64_t>(number->Number());
	}

	bool TryNumberToSize(Object* number, size_t* result) {
	// Do not create handles in this function! Don't use SealHandleScope because
	// the function can be used concurrently.
	if (number->IsSmi()) {
	int value = Smi::cast(number)->value();
	DCHECK(static_cast<unsigned>(Smi::kMaxValue) <=
	std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
	if (value >= 0) {
	*result = static_cast<size_t>(value);
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	} else {
	DCHECK(number->IsHeapNumber());
	double value = HeapNumber::cast(number)->value();
	if (value >= 0 && value <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) {
	*result = static_cast<size_t>(value);
	return true;
	} else {
	return false;
	}
	}
	}

	size_t NumberToSize(Object* number) {
	size_t result = 0;
	bool is_valid = TryNumberToSize(number, &result);
	CHECK(is_valid);
	return result;
	}


	uint32_t DoubleToUint32(double x) {
	return static_cast<uint32_t>(DoubleToInt32(x));
	}


	template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
	bool SubStringEquals(Iterator* current,
	EndMark end,
	const char* substring) {
	DCHECK(*current == substring);
	for (substring++; *substring != '\0'; substring++) {
	++*current;
	if (current == end \|\| current != substring) return false;
	}
	++*current;
	return true;
	}


	// Returns true if a nonspace character has been found and false if the
	// end was been reached before finding a nonspace character.
	template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
	inline bool AdvanceToNonspace(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
	Iterator* current,
	EndMark end) {
	while (*current != end) {
	if (!unicode_cache->IsWhiteSpaceOrLineTerminator(**current)) return true;
	++*current;
	}
	return false;
	}


	// Parsing integers with radix 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. Assumes current != end.
	template <int radix_log_2, class Iterator, class EndMark>
	double InternalStringToIntDouble(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
	Iterator current,
	EndMark end,
	bool negative,
	bool allow_trailing_junk) {
	DCHECK(current != end);

	// Skip leading 0s.
	while (*current == '0') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
	}

	int64_t number = 0;
	int exponent = 0;
	const int radix = (1 << radix_log_2);

	do {
	int digit;
	if (current >= '0' && current <= '9' && *current < '0' + radix) {
	digit = static_cast<char>(*current) - '0';
	} else if (radix > 10 && current >= 'a' && current < 'a' + radix - 10) {
	digit = static_cast<char>(*current) - 'a' + 10;
	} else if (radix > 10 && current >= 'A' && current < 'A' + radix - 10) {
	digit = static_cast<char>(*current) - 'A' + 10;
	} else {
	if (allow_trailing_junk \|\|
	!AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	break;
	} else {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}
	}

	number = number * radix + digit;
	int overflow = static_cast<int>(number >> 53);
	if (overflow != 0) {
	// Overflow occurred. Need to determine which direction to round the
	// result.
	int overflow_bits_count = 1;
	while (overflow > 1) {
	overflow_bits_count++;
	overflow >>= 1;
	}

	int dropped_bits_mask = ((1 << overflow_bits_count) - 1);
	int dropped_bits = static_cast<int>(number) & dropped_bits_mask;
	number >>= overflow_bits_count;
	exponent = overflow_bits_count;

	bool zero_tail = true;
	while (true) {
	++current;
	if (current == end \|\| !isDigit(*current, radix)) break;
	zero_tail = zero_tail && *current == '0';
	exponent += radix_log_2;
	}

	if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
	AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	int middle_value = (1 << (overflow_bits_count - 1));
	if (dropped_bits > middle_value) {
	number++; // Rounding up.
	} else if (dropped_bits == middle_value) {
	// Rounding to even to consistency with decimals: half-way case rounds
	// up if significant part is odd and down otherwise.
	if ((number & 1) != 0 \|\| !zero_tail) {
	number++; // Rounding up.
	}
	}

	// Rounding up may cause overflow.
	if ((number & (static_cast<int64_t>(1) << 53)) != 0) {
	exponent++;
	number >>= 1;
	}
	break;
	}
	++current;
	} while (current != end);

	DCHECK(number < ((int64_t)1 << 53));
	DCHECK(static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<double>(number)) == number);

	if (exponent == 0) {
	if (negative) {
	if (number == 0) return -0.0;
	number = -number;
	}
	return static_cast<double>(number);
	}

	DCHECK(number != 0);
	return std::ldexp(static_cast<double>(negative ? -number : number), exponent);
	}

	// ES6 18.2.5 parseInt(string, radix)
	template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
	double InternalStringToInt(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
	Iterator current,
	EndMark end,
	int radix) {
	const bool allow_trailing_junk = true;
	const double empty_string_val = JunkStringValue();

	if (!AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return empty_string_val;
	}

	bool negative = false;
	bool leading_zero = false;

	if (*current == '+') {
	// Ignore leading sign; skip following spaces.
	++current;
	if (current == end) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}
	} else if (*current == '-') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}
	negative = true;
	}

	if (radix == 0) {
	// Radix detection.
	radix = 10;
	if (*current == '0') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
	if (current == 'x' \|\| current == 'X') {
	radix = 16;
	++current;
	if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
	} else {
	leading_zero = true;
	}
	}
	} else if (radix == 16) {
	if (*current == '0') {
	// Allow "0x" prefix.
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
	if (current == 'x' \|\| current == 'X') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
	} else {
	leading_zero = true;
	}
	}
	}

	if (radix < 2 \|\| radix > 36) return JunkStringValue();

	// Skip leading zeros.
	while (*current == '0') {
	leading_zero = true;
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(negative);
	}

	if (!leading_zero && !isDigit(*current, radix)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	if (base::bits::IsPowerOfTwo32(radix)) {
	switch (radix) {
	case 2:
	return InternalStringToIntDouble<1>(
	unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);
	case 4:
	return InternalStringToIntDouble<2>(
	unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);
	case 8:
	return InternalStringToIntDouble<3>(
	unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);

	case 16:
	return InternalStringToIntDouble<4>(
	unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);

	case 32:
	return InternalStringToIntDouble<5>(
	unicode_cache, current, end, negative, allow_trailing_junk);
	default:
	UNREACHABLE();
	}
	}

	if (radix == 10) {
	// Parsing with strtod.
	const int kMaxSignificantDigits = 309; // Doubles are less than 1.8e308.
	// The buffer may contain up to kMaxSignificantDigits + 1 digits and a zero
	// end.
	const int kBufferSize = kMaxSignificantDigits + 2;
	char buffer[kBufferSize];
	int buffer_pos = 0;
	while (current >= '0' && current <= '9') {
	if (buffer_pos <= kMaxSignificantDigits) {
	// If the number has more than kMaxSignificantDigits it will be parsed
	// as infinity.
	DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
	buffer[buffer_pos++] = static_cast<char>(*current);
	}
	++current;
	if (current == end) break;
	}

	if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
	AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	SLOW_DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
	buffer[buffer_pos] = '\0';
	Vector<const char> buffer_vector(buffer, buffer_pos);
	return negative ? -Strtod(buffer_vector, 0) : Strtod(buffer_vector, 0);
	}

	// The following code causes accumulating rounding error for numbers greater
	// than ~2^56. It's explicitly allowed in the spec: "if R is not 2, 4, 8, 10,
	// 16, or 32, then mathInt may be an implementation-dependent approximation to
	// the mathematical integer value" (15.1.2.2).

	int lim_0 = '0' + (radix < 10 ? radix : 10);
	int lim_a = 'a' + (radix - 10);
	int lim_A = 'A' + (radix - 10);

	// NOTE: The code for computing the value may seem a bit complex at
	// first glance. It is structured to use 32-bit multiply-and-add
	// loops as long as possible to avoid loosing precision.

	double v = 0.0;
	bool done = false;
	do {
	// Parse the longest part of the string starting at index j
	// possible while keeping the multiplier, and thus the part
	// itself, within 32 bits.
	unsigned int part = 0, multiplier = 1;
	while (true) {
	int d;
	if (current >= '0' && current < lim_0) {
	d = *current - '0';
	} else if (current >= 'a' && current < lim_a) {
	d = *current - 'a' + 10;
	} else if (current >= 'A' && current < lim_A) {
	d = *current - 'A' + 10;
	} else {
	done = true;
	break;
	}

	// Update the value of the part as long as the multiplier fits
	// in 32 bits. When we can't guarantee that the next iteration
	// will not overflow the multiplier, we stop parsing the part
	// by leaving the loop.
	const unsigned int kMaximumMultiplier = 0xffffffffU / 36;
	uint32_t m = multiplier * radix;
	if (m > kMaximumMultiplier) break;
	part = part * radix + d;
	multiplier = m;
	DCHECK(multiplier > part);

	++current;
	if (current == end) {
	done = true;
	break;
	}
	}

	// Update the value and skip the part in the string.
	v = v * multiplier + part;
	} while (!done);

	if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
	AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	return negative ? -v : v;
	}


	// Converts a string to a double value. Assumes the Iterator supports
	// the following operations:
	// 1. current == end (other ops are not allowed), current != end.
	// 2. *current - gets the current character in the sequence.
	// 3. ++current (advances the position).
	template <class Iterator, class EndMark>
	double InternalStringToDouble(UnicodeCache* unicode_cache,
	Iterator current,
	EndMark end,
	int flags,
	double empty_string_val) {
	// To make sure that iterator dereferencing is valid the following
	// convention is used:
	// 1. Each '++current' statement is followed by check for equality to 'end'.
	// 2. If AdvanceToNonspace returned false then current == end.
	// 3. If 'current' becomes be equal to 'end' the function returns or goes to
	// 'parsing_done'.
	// 4. 'current' is not dereferenced after the 'parsing_done' label.
	// 5. Code before 'parsing_done' may rely on 'current != end'.
	if (!AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return empty_string_val;
	}

	const bool allow_trailing_junk = (flags & ALLOW_TRAILING_JUNK) != 0;

	// The longest form of simplified number is: "-<significant digits>'.1eXXX\0".
	const int kBufferSize = kMaxSignificantDigits + 10;
	char buffer[kBufferSize]; // NOLINT: size is known at compile time.
	int buffer_pos = 0;

	// Exponent will be adjusted if insignificant digits of the integer part
	// or insignificant leading zeros of the fractional part are dropped.
	int exponent = 0;
	int significant_digits = 0;
	int insignificant_digits = 0;
	bool nonzero_digit_dropped = false;

	enum Sign {
	NONE,
	NEGATIVE,
	POSITIVE
	};

	Sign sign = NONE;

	if (*current == '+') {
	// Ignore leading sign.
	++current;
	if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
	sign = POSITIVE;
	} else if (*current == '-') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return JunkStringValue();
	sign = NEGATIVE;
	}

	static const char kInfinityString[] = "Infinity";
	if (*current == kInfinityString[0]) {
	if (!SubStringEquals(&current, end, kInfinityString)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
	AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	DCHECK(buffer_pos == 0);
	return (sign == NEGATIVE) ? -V8_INFINITY : V8_INFINITY;
	}

	bool leading_zero = false;
	if (*current == '0') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(sign == NEGATIVE);

	leading_zero = true;

	// It could be hexadecimal value.
	if ((flags & ALLOW_HEX) && (current == 'x' \|\| current == 'X')) {
	++current;
	if (current == end \|\| !isDigit(*current, 16) \|\| sign != NONE) {
	return JunkStringValue(); // "0x".
	}

	return InternalStringToIntDouble<4>(unicode_cache,
	current,
	end,
	false,
	allow_trailing_junk);

	// It could be an explicit octal value.
	} else if ((flags & ALLOW_OCTAL) && (current == 'o' \|\| current == 'O')) {
	++current;
	if (current == end \|\| !isDigit(*current, 8) \|\| sign != NONE) {
	return JunkStringValue(); // "0o".
	}

	return InternalStringToIntDouble<3>(unicode_cache,
	current,
	end,
	false,
	allow_trailing_junk);

	// It could be a binary value.
	} else if ((flags & ALLOW_BINARY) && (current == 'b' \|\| current == 'B')) {
	++current;
	if (current == end \|\| !isBinaryDigit(*current) \|\| sign != NONE) {
	return JunkStringValue(); // "0b".
	}

	return InternalStringToIntDouble<1>(unicode_cache,
	current,
	end,
	false,
	allow_trailing_junk);
	}

	// Ignore leading zeros in the integer part.
	while (*current == '0') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(sign == NEGATIVE);
	}
	}

	bool octal = leading_zero && (flags & ALLOW_IMPLICIT_OCTAL) != 0;

	// Copy significant digits of the integer part (if any) to the buffer.
	while (current >= '0' && current <= '9') {
	if (significant_digits < kMaxSignificantDigits) {
	DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
	buffer[buffer_pos++] = static_cast<char>(*current);
	significant_digits++;
	// Will later check if it's an octal in the buffer.
	} else {
	insignificant_digits++; // Move the digit into the exponential part.
	nonzero_digit_dropped = nonzero_digit_dropped \|\| *current != '0';
	}
	octal = octal && *current < '8';
	++current;
	if (current == end) goto parsing_done;
	}

	if (significant_digits == 0) {
	octal = false;
	}

	if (*current == '.') {
	if (octal && !allow_trailing_junk) return JunkStringValue();
	if (octal) goto parsing_done;

	++current;
	if (current == end) {
	if (significant_digits == 0 && !leading_zero) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	} else {
	goto parsing_done;
	}
	}

	if (significant_digits == 0) {
	// octal = false;
	// Integer part consists of 0 or is absent. Significant digits start after
	// leading zeros (if any).
	while (*current == '0') {
	++current;
	if (current == end) return SignedZero(sign == NEGATIVE);
	exponent--; // Move this 0 into the exponent.
	}
	}

	// There is a fractional part. We don't emit a '.', but adjust the exponent
	// instead.
	while (current >= '0' && current <= '9') {
	if (significant_digits < kMaxSignificantDigits) {
	DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
	buffer[buffer_pos++] = static_cast<char>(*current);
	significant_digits++;
	exponent--;
	} else {
	// Ignore insignificant digits in the fractional part.
	nonzero_digit_dropped = nonzero_digit_dropped \|\| *current != '0';
	}
	++current;
	if (current == end) goto parsing_done;
	}
	}

	if (!leading_zero && exponent == 0 && significant_digits == 0) {
	// If leading_zeros is true then the string contains zeros.
	// If exponent < 0 then string was [+-]\.0*...
	// If significant_digits != 0 the string is not equal to 0.
	// Otherwise there are no digits in the string.
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	// Parse exponential part.
	if (current == 'e' \|\| current == 'E') {
	if (octal) return JunkStringValue();
	++current;
	if (current == end) {
	if (allow_trailing_junk) {
	goto parsing_done;
	} else {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}
	}
	char sign = '+';
	if (current == '+' \|\| current == '-') {
	sign = static_cast<char>(*current);
	++current;
	if (current == end) {
	if (allow_trailing_junk) {
	goto parsing_done;
	} else {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}
	}
	}

	if (current == end \|\| current < '0' \|\| current > '9') {
	if (allow_trailing_junk) {
	goto parsing_done;
	} else {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}
	}

	const int max_exponent = INT_MAX / 2;
	DCHECK(-max_exponent / 2 <= exponent && exponent <= max_exponent / 2);
	int num = 0;
	do {
	// Check overflow.
	int digit = *current - '0';
	if (num >= max_exponent / 10
	&& !(num == max_exponent / 10 && digit <= max_exponent % 10)) {
	num = max_exponent;
	} else {
	num = num * 10 + digit;
	}
	++current;
	} while (current != end && current >= '0' && current <= '9');

	exponent += (sign == '-' ? -num : num);
	}

	if (!allow_trailing_junk &&
	AdvanceToNonspace(unicode_cache, &current, end)) {
	return JunkStringValue();
	}

	parsing_done:
	exponent += insignificant_digits;

	if (octal) {
	return InternalStringToIntDouble<3>(unicode_cache,
	buffer,
	buffer + buffer_pos,
	sign == NEGATIVE,
	allow_trailing_junk);
	}

	if (nonzero_digit_dropped) {
	buffer[buffer_pos++] = '1';
	exponent--;
	}

	SLOW_DCHECK(buffer_pos < kBufferSize);
	buffer[buffer_pos] = '\0';

	double converted = Strtod(Vector<const char>(buffer, buffer_pos), exponent);
	return (sign == NEGATIVE) ? -converted : converted;
	}

	} // namespace internal
	} // namespace v8

	#endif // V8_CONVERSIONS_INL_H_