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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
* mtd.c
*
* Generic command to handle basic operations on any memory device.
*
* Copyright: Bootlin, 2018
* Author: Miquèl Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com>
*/
#include <command.h>
#include <common.h>
#include <console.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <mapmem.h>
#include <mtd.h>
#include <dm/devres.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
static struct mtd_info *get_mtd_by_name(const char *name)
{
struct mtd_info *mtd;
mtd_probe_devices();
mtd = get_mtd_device_nm(name);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
printf("MTD device %s not found, ret %ld\n", name,
PTR_ERR(mtd));
return mtd;
}
static uint mtd_len_to_pages(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 len)
{
do_div(len, mtd->writesize);
return len;
}
static bool mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 size)
{
return !do_div(size, mtd->writesize);
}
static bool mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 size)
{
return !do_div(size, mtd->erasesize);
}
static void mtd_dump_buf(const u8 *buf, uint len, uint offset)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < len; ) {
printf("0x%08x:\t", offset + i);
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
printf(" ");
i += 8;
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
printf("\n");
i += 8;
}
}
static void mtd_dump_device_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 start_off,
const u8 *buf, u64 len, bool woob)
{
bool has_pages = mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH ||
mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
int npages = mtd_len_to_pages(mtd, len);
uint page;
if (has_pages) {
for (page = 0; page < npages; page++) {
u64 data_off = page * mtd->writesize;
printf("\nDump %d data bytes from 0x%08llx:\n",
mtd->writesize, start_off + data_off);
mtd_dump_buf(&buf[data_off],
mtd->writesize, start_off + data_off);
if (woob) {
u64 oob_off = page * mtd->oobsize;
printf("Dump %d OOB bytes from page at 0x%08llx:\n",
mtd->oobsize, start_off + data_off);
mtd_dump_buf(&buf[len + oob_off],
mtd->oobsize, 0);
}
}
} else {
printf("\nDump %lld data bytes from 0x%llx:\n",
len, start_off);
mtd_dump_buf(buf, len, start_off);
}
}
static void mtd_show_parts(struct mtd_info *mtd, int level)
{
struct mtd_info *part;
int i;
list_for_each_entry(part, &mtd->partitions, node) {
for (i = 0; i < level; i++)
printf("\t");
printf(" - 0x%012llx-0x%012llx : \"%s\"\n",
part->offset, part->offset + part->size, part->name);
mtd_show_parts(part, level + 1);
}
}
static void mtd_show_device(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
/* Device */
printf("* %s\n", mtd->name);
#if defined(CONFIG_DM)
if (mtd->dev) {
printf(" - device: %s\n", mtd->dev->name);
printf(" - parent: %s\n", mtd->dev->parent->name);
printf(" - driver: %s\n", mtd->dev->driver->name);
}
#endif
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF_CONTROL) && mtd->dev) {
char buf[256];
int res;
res = ofnode_get_path(mtd_get_ofnode(mtd), buf, 256);
printf(" - path: %s\n", res == 0 ? buf : "unavailable");
}
/* MTD device information */
printf(" - type: ");
switch (mtd->type) {
case MTD_RAM:
printf("RAM\n");
break;
case MTD_ROM:
printf("ROM\n");
break;
case MTD_NORFLASH:
printf("NOR flash\n");
break;
case MTD_NANDFLASH:
printf("NAND flash\n");
break;
case MTD_DATAFLASH:
printf("Data flash\n");
break;
case MTD_UBIVOLUME:
printf("UBI volume\n");
break;
case MTD_MLCNANDFLASH:
printf("MLC NAND flash\n");
break;
case MTD_ABSENT:
default:
printf("Unknown\n");
break;
}
printf(" - block size: 0x%x bytes\n", mtd->erasesize);
printf(" - min I/O: 0x%x bytes\n", mtd->writesize);
if (mtd->oobsize) {
printf(" - OOB size: %u bytes\n", mtd->oobsize);
printf(" - OOB available: %u bytes\n", mtd->oobavail);
}
if (mtd->ecc_strength) {
printf(" - ECC strength: %u bits\n", mtd->ecc_strength);
printf(" - ECC step size: %u bytes\n", mtd->ecc_step_size);
printf(" - bitflip threshold: %u bits\n",
mtd->bitflip_threshold);
}
printf(" - 0x%012llx-0x%012llx : \"%s\"\n",
mtd->offset, mtd->offset + mtd->size, mtd->name);
/* MTD partitions, if any */
mtd_show_parts(mtd, 1);
}
/* Logic taken from fs/ubifs/recovery.c:is_empty() */
static bool mtd_oob_write_is_empty(struct mtd_oob_ops *op)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < op->len; i++)
if (op->datbuf[i] != 0xff)
return false;
for (i = 0; i < op->ooblen; i++)
if (op->oobbuf[i] != 0xff)
return false;
return true;
}
static int do_mtd_list(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
struct mtd_info *mtd;
int dev_nb = 0;
/* Ensure all devices (and their partitions) are probed */
mtd_probe_devices();
printf("List of MTD devices:\n");
mtd_for_each_device(mtd) {
if (!mtd_is_partition(mtd))
mtd_show_device(mtd);
dev_nb++;
}
if (!dev_nb) {
printf("No MTD device found\n");
return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
}
return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
}
static int mtd_special_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 off,
struct mtd_oob_ops *io_op,
bool write_empty_pages, bool woob)
{
int ret = 0;
/*
* By default, do not write an empty page.
* Skip it by simulating a successful write.
*/
if (!write_empty_pages && mtd_oob_write_is_empty(io_op)) {
io_op->retlen = mtd->writesize;
io_op->oobretlen = woob ? mtd->oobsize : 0;
} else {
ret = mtd_write_oob(mtd, off, io_op);
}
return ret;
}
static int do_mtd_io(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
bool dump, read, raw, woob, write_empty_pages, has_pages = false;
u64 start_off, off, len, remaining, default_len;
struct mtd_oob_ops io_op = {};
uint user_addr = 0, npages;
const char *cmd = argv[0];
struct mtd_info *mtd;
u32 oob_len;
u8 *buf;
int ret;
if (argc < 2)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
mtd = get_mtd_by_name(argv[1]);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
if (mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH || mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH)
has_pages = true;
dump = !strncmp(cmd, "dump", 4);
read = dump || !strncmp(cmd, "read", 4);
raw = strstr(cmd, ".raw");
woob = strstr(cmd, ".oob");
write_empty_pages = !has_pages || strstr(cmd, ".dontskipff");
argc -= 2;
argv += 2;
if (!dump) {
if (!argc) {
ret = CMD_RET_USAGE;
goto out_put_mtd;
}
user_addr = hextoul(argv[0], NULL);
argc--;
argv++;
}
start_off = argc > 0 ? hextoul(argv[0], NULL) : 0;
if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(mtd, start_off)) {
printf("Offset not aligned with a page (0x%x)\n",
mtd->writesize);
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
goto out_put_mtd;
}
default_len = dump ? mtd->writesize : mtd->size;
len = argc > 1 ? hextoul(argv[1], NULL) : default_len;
if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(mtd, len)) {
len = round_up(len, mtd->writesize);
printf("Size not on a page boundary (0x%x), rounding to 0x%llx\n",
mtd->writesize, len);
}
remaining = len;
npages = mtd_len_to_pages(mtd, len);
oob_len = woob ? npages * mtd->oobsize : 0;
if (dump)
buf = kmalloc(len + oob_len, GFP_KERNEL);
else
buf = map_sysmem(user_addr, 0);
if (!buf) {
printf("Could not map/allocate the user buffer\n");
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
goto out_put_mtd;
}
if (has_pages)
printf("%s %lld byte(s) (%d page(s)) at offset 0x%08llx%s%s%s\n",
read ? "Reading" : "Writing", len, npages, start_off,
raw ? " [raw]" : "", woob ? " [oob]" : "",
!read && write_empty_pages ? " [dontskipff]" : "");
else
printf("%s %lld byte(s) at offset 0x%08llx\n",
read ? "Reading" : "Writing", len, start_off);
io_op.mode = raw ? MTD_OPS_RAW : MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB;
io_op.len = has_pages ? mtd->writesize : len;
io_op.ooblen = woob ? mtd->oobsize : 0;
io_op.datbuf = buf;
io_op.oobbuf = woob ? &buf[len] : NULL;
/* Search for the first good block after the given offset */
off = start_off;
while (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off))
off += mtd->erasesize;
/* Loop over the pages to do the actual read/write */
while (remaining) {
/* Skip the block if it is bad */
if (mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, off) &&
mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off)) {
off += mtd->erasesize;
continue;
}
if (read)
ret = mtd_read_oob(mtd, off, &io_op);
else
ret = mtd_special_write_oob(mtd, off, &io_op,
write_empty_pages, woob);
if (ret) {
printf("Failure while %s at offset 0x%llx\n",
read ? "reading" : "writing", off);
break;
}
off += io_op.retlen;
remaining -= io_op.retlen;
io_op.datbuf += io_op.retlen;
io_op.oobbuf += io_op.oobretlen;
}
if (!ret && dump)
mtd_dump_device_buf(mtd, start_off, buf, len, woob);
if (dump)
kfree(buf);
else
unmap_sysmem(buf);
if (ret) {
printf("%s on %s failed with error %d\n",
read ? "Read" : "Write", mtd->name, ret);
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
} else {
ret = CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
}
out_put_mtd:
put_mtd_device(mtd);
return ret;
}
static int do_mtd_erase(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
struct erase_info erase_op = {};
struct mtd_info *mtd;
u64 off, len;
bool scrub;
int ret = 0;
if (argc < 2)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
mtd = get_mtd_by_name(argv[1]);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
scrub = strstr(argv[0], ".dontskipbad");
argc -= 2;
argv += 2;
off = argc > 0 ? hextoul(argv[0], NULL) : 0;
len = argc > 1 ? hextoul(argv[1], NULL) : mtd->size;
if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, off)) {
printf("Offset not aligned with a block (0x%x)\n",
mtd->erasesize);
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
goto out_put_mtd;
}
if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, len)) {
printf("Size not a multiple of a block (0x%x)\n",
mtd->erasesize);
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
goto out_put_mtd;
}
printf("Erasing 0x%08llx ... 0x%08llx (%d eraseblock(s))\n",
off, off + len - 1, mtd_div_by_eb(len, mtd));
erase_op.mtd = mtd;
erase_op.addr = off;
erase_op.len = mtd->erasesize;
while (len) {
if (!scrub) {
ret = mtd_block_isbad(mtd, erase_op.addr);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("Failed to get bad block at 0x%08llx\n",
erase_op.addr);
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
goto out_put_mtd;
}
if (ret > 0) {
printf("Skipping bad block at 0x%08llx\n",
erase_op.addr);
ret = 0;
len -= mtd->erasesize;
erase_op.addr += mtd->erasesize;
continue;
}
}
ret = mtd_erase(mtd, &erase_op);
if (ret && ret != -EIO)
break;
len -= mtd->erasesize;
erase_op.addr += mtd->erasesize;
}
if (ret && ret != -EIO)
ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
else
ret = CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
out_put_mtd:
put_mtd_device(mtd);
return ret;
}
static int do_mtd_bad(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
char *const argv[])
{
struct mtd_info *mtd;
loff_t off;
if (argc < 2)
return CMD_RET_USAGE;
mtd = get_mtd_by_name(argv[1]);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
if (!mtd_can_have_bb(mtd)) {
printf("Only NAND-based devices can have bad blocks\n");
goto out_put_mtd;
}
printf("MTD device %s bad blocks list:\n", mtd->name);
for (off = 0; off < mtd->size; off += mtd->erasesize) {
if (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off))
printf("\t0x%08llx\n", off);
}
out_put_mtd:
put_mtd_device(mtd);
return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
static int mtd_name_complete(int argc, char *const argv[], char last_char,
int maxv, char *cmdv[])
{
int len = 0, n_found = 0;
struct mtd_info *mtd;
argc--;
argv++;
if (argc > 1 ||
(argc == 1 && (last_char == '\0' || isblank(last_char))))
return 0;
if (argc)
len = strlen(argv[0]);
mtd_for_each_device(mtd) {
if (argc &&
(len > strlen(mtd->name) ||
strncmp(argv[0], mtd->name, len)))
continue;
if (n_found >= maxv - 2) {
cmdv[n_found++] = "...";
break;
}
cmdv[n_found++] = mtd->name;
}
cmdv[n_found] = NULL;
return n_found;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP
static char mtd_help_text[] =
"- generic operations on memory technology devices\n\n"
"mtd list\n"
"mtd read[.raw][.oob] <name> <addr> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
"mtd dump[.raw][.oob] <name> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
"mtd write[.raw][.oob][.dontskipff] <name> <addr> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
"mtd erase[.dontskipbad] <name> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
"\n"
"Specific functions:\n"
"mtd bad <name>\n"
"\n"
"With:\n"
"\t<name>: NAND partition/chip name (or corresponding DM device name or OF path)\n"
"\t<addr>: user address from/to which data will be retrieved/stored\n"
"\t<off>: offset in <name> in bytes (default: start of the part)\n"
"\t\t* must be block-aligned for erase\n"
"\t\t* must be page-aligned otherwise\n"
"\t<size>: length of the operation in bytes (default: the entire device)\n"
"\t\t* must be a multiple of a block for erase\n"
"\t\t* must be a multiple of a page otherwise (special case: default is a page with dump)\n"
"\n"
"The .dontskipff option forces writing empty pages, don't use it if unsure.\n";
#endif
U_BOOT_CMD_WITH_SUBCMDS(mtd, "MTD utils", mtd_help_text,
U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT(list, 1, 1, do_mtd_list),
U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(read, 5, 0, do_mtd_io,
mtd_name_complete),
U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(write, 5, 0, do_mtd_io,
mtd_name_complete),
U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(dump, 4, 0, do_mtd_io,
mtd_name_complete),
U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(erase, 4, 0, do_mtd_erase,
mtd_name_complete),
U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(bad, 2, 1, do_mtd_bad,
mtd_name_complete));