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| <h1><tt>UTF-8 SAMPLER</tt></h1> | |
| <big><big> ¥ · £ · € · $ · ¢ · ₡ · ₢ · ₣ · ₤ · ₥ · ₦ · ₧ · ₨ · ₩ · ₪ · ₫ · ₭ · ₮ · ₯ · ₹</big></big> | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| Frank da Cruz<br> | |
| <a href="index.html">The Kermit Project</a><br> | |
| New York City<br> | |
| <a href="mailto:fdc@kermitproject.org">fdc@kermitproject.org</a> | |
| <p> | |
| <i>Last update:</i> | |
| Fri Mar 9 20:07:14 2018 | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| <hr> | |
| [ <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/">PEACE</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="#poetry">Poetry</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="#glass">I Can Eat Glass</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="#quickbrownfox">Pangrams</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="#html">HTML Features</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="#credits">Credits, Tools, Commentary</a> ] | |
| <p> | |
| <big><big>U</big>TF-8</big> is an ASCII-preserving encoding method for | |
| <a href="unicode.html">Unicode</a> (ISO 10646), the Universal Character Set | |
| (UCS). The UCS encodes most of the world's writing systems in a single | |
| character set, allowing you to mix languages and scripts within a document | |
| without needing any tricks for switching character sets. This web page is | |
| encoded directly in UTF-8. | |
| <p> | |
| As shown <a href="glass.html">HERE</a>, | |
| Columbia University's <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> terminal emulation | |
| software can display UTF-8 plain text in Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP, Vista, | |
| or Windows 7/8/10 when using a monospace Unicode font like <a | |
| href="http://www.monotype.com">Andale Mono WT J</a> or <a | |
| href="http://www.evertype.com/emono/">Everson Mono Terminal</a>, or the lesser | |
| populated Courier New, Lucida Console, or Andale Mono. <a | |
| href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> can handle it too, | |
| <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html">if you have a Unicode | |
| display</a>. As many languages as are representable in your font can be seen | |
| on the screen at the same time. | |
| <p> | |
| This, however, is a Web page, which started out as a kind of stress test for | |
| UTF-8 support in Web browsers, which was spotty when this page was first | |
| created in the 1990s but which has become standard in all modern browsers. | |
| The problem now is mainly the fonts and the browser's (or font's) support | |
| for the nonzero Unicode planes (as in, e.g., the <a href="#braille">Braille</a> | |
| and <a href="#gothic">Gothic</a> examples | |
| below). And to some extent the rendition of combining sequences, | |
| right-to-left rendition (<a href="#arabic">Arabic</a>, | |
| <a href="#hebrew">Hebrew</a>), and so | |
| on. <a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html">CLICK HERE</a> for | |
| a survey of Unicode fonts for Windows. | |
| <p> | |
| The subtitle above shows currency symbols of many lands. If they don't | |
| appear as blobs, we're off to a good start! | |
| <!-- (The one on the end is the | |
| <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign">new Indian Rupee | |
| sign</a> which won't show up in fonts for a while.) --> | |
| <h3><a name="poetry">Poetry</a></h3> | |
| From the Anglo-Saxon <a href="http://www.ragweedforge.com/poems.html"><cite>Rune Poem</cite></a> (Rune version): | |
| <p><blockquote> | |
| ᚠᛇᚻ᛫ᛒᛦᚦ᛫ᚠᚱᚩᚠᚢᚱ᛫ᚠᛁᚱᚪ᛫ᚷᛖᚻᚹᛦᛚᚳᚢᛗ<br> | |
| ᛋᚳᛖᚪᛚ᛫ᚦᛖᚪᚻ᛫ᛗᚪᚾᚾᚪ᛫ᚷᛖᚻᚹᛦᛚᚳ᛫ᛗᛁᚳᛚᚢᚾ᛫ᚻᛦᛏ᛫ᛞᚫᛚᚪᚾ<br> | |
| ᚷᛁᚠ᛫ᚻᛖ᛫ᚹᛁᛚᛖ᛫ᚠᚩᚱ᛫ᛞᚱᛁᚻᛏᚾᛖ᛫ᛞᚩᛗᛖᛋ᛫ᚻᛚᛇᛏᚪᚾ᛬<br> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| From Laȝamon's<i> <a href="http://mesl.itd.umich.edu/b/brut/">Brut</a></i> | |
| (<i>The Chronicles of England</i>, Middle English, West Midlands, ca.1190): | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon was ihoten<br> | |
| He wes Leovenaðes sone -- liðe him be Drihten.<br> | |
| He wonede at Ernleȝe at æðelen are chirechen,<br> | |
| Uppen Sevarne staþe, sel þar him þuhte,<br> | |
| Onfest Radestone, þer he bock radde. | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| (The third letter in the author's name is Yogh, missing from many fonts; | |
| <a href="st-erkenwald.html">CLICK HERE</a> for another Middle English sample | |
| with some explanation of letters and encoding). | |
| <p> | |
| From the <cite>Tagelied</cite> of | |
| <a href="http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autoren/eschenba.htm"> | |
| <b>Wolfram von Eschenbach</b></a> (Middle High German): | |
| <p><blockquote> | |
| Sîne klâwen durh die wolken sint geslagen,<br> | |
| er stîget ûf mit grôzer kraft,<br> | |
| ich sih in grâwen tägelîch als er wil tagen,<br> | |
| den tac, der im geselleschaft<br> | |
| erwenden wil, dem werden man,<br> | |
| den ich mit sorgen în verliez.<br> | |
| ich bringe in hinnen, ob ich kan.<br> | |
| sîn vil manegiu tugent michz leisten hiez.<br> | |
| </blockquote><p> | |
| Some lines of | |
| <a href="http://users.hol.gr/~artemis/odysseas_elytis.htm"> | |
| <b>Odysseus Elytis</b></a> (Greek): | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td valign="top" style="padding-right:16"> | |
| Monotonic: | |
| <p> | |
| Τη γλώσσα μου έδωσαν ελληνική<br> | |
| το σπίτι φτωχικό στις αμμουδιές του Ομήρου.<br> | |
| Μονάχη έγνοια η γλώσσα μου στις αμμουδιές του Ομήρου.<br> | |
| <p> | |
| από το Άξιον Εστί<br> | |
| του Οδυσσέα Ελύτη | |
| <td valign="top"> | |
| Polytonic: | |
| <p> | |
| Τὴ γλῶσσα μοῦ ἔδωσαν ἑλληνικὴ<br/> | |
| τὸ σπίτι φτωχικὸ στὶς ἀμμουδιὲς τοῦ Ὁμήρου.<br/> | |
| Μονάχη ἔγνοια ἡ γλῶσσα μου στὶς ἀμμουδιὲς τοῦ Ὁμήρου.<br/> | |
| <p> | |
| ἀπὸ τὸ Ἄξιον ἐστί<br/> | |
| τοῦ Ὀδυσσέα Ἐλύτη<br/> | |
| </table> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| The first stanza of | |
| <a href="http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Eleong/Russkaya%20Literatura/Aleksandr%20Sergeevich%20Pushkin.htm"><b>Pushkin</b></a>'s <cite>Bronze Horseman</cite> (Russian):<br> | |
| <p><blockquote> | |
| На берегу пустынных волн<br> | |
| Стоял он, дум великих полн,<br> | |
| И вдаль глядел. Пред ним широко<br> | |
| Река неслася; бедный чёлн<br> | |
| По ней стремился одиноко.<br> | |
| По мшистым, топким берегам<br> | |
| Чернели избы здесь и там,<br> | |
| Приют убогого чухонца;<br> | |
| И лес, неведомый лучам<br> | |
| В тумане спрятанного солнца,<br> | |
| Кругом шумел.<br> | |
| </blockquote><p> | |
| <a href="http://www.compling.hu-berlin.de/~johannes/mxedruli/"><b>Šota Rustaveli</b></a>'s Veṗxis Ṭq̇aosani, | |
| ̣︡Th, <cite>The Knight in the Tiger's Skin</cite> (Georgian):<p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| ვეპხის ტყაოსანი | |
| შოთა რუსთაველი | |
| <p> | |
| ღმერთსი შემვედრე, ნუთუ კვლა დამხსნას სოფლისა შრომასა, | |
| ცეცხლს, წყალსა და მიწასა, ჰაერთა თანა მრომასა; | |
| მომცნეს ფრთენი და აღვფრინდე, მივჰხვდე მას ჩემსა ნდომასა, | |
| დღისით და ღამით ვჰხედვიდე მზისა ელვათა კრთომაასა. | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| Tamil poetry of Subramaniya Bharathiyar: | |
| சுப்ரமணிய பாரதியார் (1882-1921): | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| யாமறிந்த மொழிகளிலே தமிழ்மொழி போல் இனிதாவது எங்கும் காணோம், <br> | |
| பாமரராய் விலங்குகளாய், உலகனைத்தும் இகழ்ச்சிசொலப் பான்மை கெட்டு, <br> | |
| நாமமது தமிழரெனக் கொண்டு இங்கு வாழ்ந்திடுதல் நன்றோ? சொல்லீர்!<br> | |
| தேமதுரத் தமிழோசை உலகமெலாம் பரவும்வகை செய்தல் வேண்டும். | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| Kannada poetry by Kuvempu — ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸು | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಭವಿಸು ಇಂದೆನ್ನ ಹೃದಯದಲಿ | |
| <br> | |
| ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅವತರಿಪ ಸತ್ಯಾವತಾರ | |
| <p> | |
| ಮಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ಮರವಾಗಿ ಮಿಗವಾಗಿ ಕಗವಾಗೀ... | |
| <br> | |
| ಮಣ್ಣಾಗಿ ಮರವಾಗಿ ಮಿಗವಾಗಿ ಕಗವಾಗಿ | |
| <br> | |
| ಭವ ಭವದಿ ಭತಿಸಿಹೇ ಭವತಿ ದೂರ | |
| <br> | |
| ನಿತ್ಯವೂ ಅವತರಿಪ ಸತ್ಯಾವತಾರ || ಬಾ ಇಲ್ಲಿ || | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <h3><a name="glass">I Can Eat Glass</a></h3> | |
| And from the sublime to the ridiculous, here is a | |
| <a href="#notes">certain phrase¹</a> in an assortment of languages: | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li><b>Sanskrit</b>: काचं शक्नोम्यत्तुम् । नोपहिनस्ति माम् ॥ | |
| <li><b>Sanskrit</b> <i>(standard transcription):</i> kācaṃ śaknomyattum; nopahinasti mām. | |
| <li><b>Classical Greek</b>: ὕαλον ϕαγεῖν δύναμαι· τοῦτο οὔ με βλάπτει. | |
| <li><b>Greek</b> (monotonic): Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα. | |
| <li><b>Greek</b> (polytonic): Μπορῶ νὰ φάω σπασμένα γυαλιὰ χωρὶς νὰ πάθω τίποτα. | |
| <br><b>Etruscan</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Latin</b>: Vitrum edere possum; mihi non nocet. | |
| <li><b>Old French</b>: Je puis mangier del voirre. Ne me nuit. | |
| <li><b>French</b>: Je peux manger du verre, ça ne me fait pas <!--de--> mal. | |
| <li><b>Provençal / Occitan</b>: Pòdi manjar de veire, me nafrariá pas. | |
| <li><b>Québécois</b>: J'peux manger d'la vitre, ça m'fa pas mal. | |
| <li><b>Walloon</b>: Dji pou magnî do vêre, çoula m' freut nén må. | |
| <br><b>Champenois</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Lorrain</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Picard</b>: Ch'peux mingi du verre, cha m'foé mie n'ma. | |
| <br><b>Corsican/Corsu</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Jèrriais</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Kreyòl Ayisyen</b> (Haitï): Mwen kap manje vè, li pa blese'm. | |
| <li><b>Basque</b>: Kristala jan dezaket, ez dit minik ematen. | |
| <li><b>Catalan / Català</b>: Puc menjar vidre, que no em fa mal. | |
| <li><b>Spanish</b>: Puedo comer vidrio, no me hace daño. | |
| <li><b>Aragonés</b>: Puedo minchar beire, no me'n fa mal . | |
| <br><b>Aranés</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Mallorquín</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Galician</b>: Eu podo xantar cristais e non cortarme. | |
| <li><b>European Portuguese</b>: Posso comer vidro, não me faz mal. | |
| <li><b>Brazilian Portuguese</b> (<a href="#notes">8</a>): | |
| Posso comer vidro, não me machuca. | |
| <li><b>Caboverdiano/Kabuverdianu</b> (Cape Verde): M' podê cumê vidru, ca ta maguâ-m'. | |
| <li><b>Papiamentu</b>: Ami por kome glas anto e no ta hasimi daño. | |
| <li><b>Italian</b>: Posso mangiare il vetro e non mi fa male. | |
| <li><b>Milanese</b>: Sôn bôn de magnà el véder, el me fa minga mal. | |
| <li><b>Roman</b>: Me posso magna' er vetro, e nun me fa male. | |
| <li><b>Napoletano</b>: M' pozz magna' o'vetr, e nun m' fa mal. | |
| <li><b>Venetian</b>: Mi posso magnare el vetro, no'l me fa mae. | |
| <li><b>Zeneise</b> <i>(Genovese):</i> Pòsso mangiâ o veddro e o no me fà mâ. | |
| <li><b>Sicilian</b>: Puotsu mangiari u vitru, nun mi fa mali. | |
| <br><b>Campinadese</b> (Sardinia): (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Lugudorese</b> (Sardinia): (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Romansch (Grischun)</b>: Jau sai mangiar vaider, senza che quai fa donn a mai. | |
| <br><b>Romany / Tsigane</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Romanian</b>: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește. | |
| <li><b>Esperanto</b>: Mi povas manĝi vitron, ĝi ne damaĝas min. | |
| <br><b>Pictish</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Breton</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Cornish</b>: Mý a yl dybry gwéder hag éf ny wra ow ankenya. | |
| <li><b>Welsh</b>: Dw i'n gallu bwyta gwydr, 'dyw e ddim yn gwneud dolur i mi. | |
| <li><b>Manx Gaelic</b>: Foddym gee glonney agh cha jean eh gortaghey mee. | |
| <li><b>Old Irish</b> <i>(Ogham):</i> ᚛᚛ᚉᚑᚅᚔᚉᚉᚔᚋ ᚔᚈᚔ ᚍᚂᚐᚅᚑ ᚅᚔᚋᚌᚓᚅᚐ᚜ | |
| <li><b>Old Irish</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Con·iccim ithi nglano. Ním·géna. | |
| <li><b>Irish</b>: Is féidir liom gloinne a ithe. Ní dhéanann sí dochar ar bith dom. | |
| <li><b>Ulster Gaelic</b>: Ithim-sa gloine agus ní miste damh é. | |
| <li><b>Scottish Gaelic</b>: S urrainn dhomh gloinne ithe; cha ghoirtich i mi. | |
| <li><b>Anglo-Saxon</b> <i>(Runes):</i> | |
| ᛁᚳ᛫ᛗᚨᚷ᛫ᚷᛚᚨᛋ᛫ᛖᚩᛏᚪᚾ᛫ᚩᚾᛞ᛫ᚻᛁᛏ᛫ᚾᛖ᛫ᚻᛖᚪᚱᛗᛁᚪᚧ᛫ᛗᛖ᛬ | |
| <li><b>Anglo-Saxon</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ic mæg glæs eotan ond hit ne hearmiað me. | |
| <li><b>Middle English</b>: Ich canne glas eten and hit hirtiþ me nouȝt. | |
| <li><b>English</b>: I can eat glass and it doesn't hurt me. | |
| <li><b>English</b> <i>(IPA):</i> [aɪ kæn iːt glɑːs ænd ɪt dɐz nɒt hɜːt miː] (Received Pronunciation) | |
| <li id="braille"><b>English</b> <i>(Braille):</i> ⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠑⠁⠞⠀⠛⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠝⠞⠀⠓⠥⠗⠞⠀⠍⠑ | |
| <li><b>Jamaican</b>: Mi kian niam glas han i neba hot mi. | |
| <li><b>Lalland Scots / Doric</b>: Ah can eat gless, it disnae hurt us. | |
| <br><b>Glaswegian</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li id="gothic"><b>Gothic</b> (<a href="#notes">4</a>): | |
| 𐌼𐌰𐌲 | |
| 𐌲𐌻𐌴𐍃 | |
| 𐌹̈𐍄𐌰𐌽, | |
| 𐌽𐌹 | |
| 𐌼𐌹𐍃 | |
| 𐍅𐌿 | |
| 𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 | |
| 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸. | |
| <li><b>Old Norse</b> <i>(Runes):</i> ᛖᚴ ᚷᛖᛏ ᛖᛏᛁ | |
| ᚧ ᚷᛚᛖᚱ ᛘᚾ | |
| ᚦᛖᛋᛋ ᚨᚧ ᚡᛖ | |
| ᚱᚧᚨ ᛋᚨᚱ | |
| <li><b>Old Norse</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ek get etið gler án þess að verða sár. | |
| <li><b>Norsk / Norwegian (Nynorsk):</b> Eg kan eta glas utan å skada meg. | |
| <li><b>Norsk / Norwegian (Bokmål):</b> Jeg kan spise glass uten å skade meg. | |
| <li><b>Føroyskt / Faroese</b>: Eg kann eta glas, skaðaleysur. | |
| <!-- <br><b>Føroyskt / Faroese</b>: Eg kann eta glas, uttan á nakran hátt at meinslast av hesum. --> | |
| <li><b>Íslenska / Icelandic</b>: Ég get etið gler án þess að meiða mig. | |
| <li><b>Svenska / Swedish</b>: Jag kan äta glas utan att skada mig. | |
| <li><b>Dansk / Danish</b>: Jeg kan spise glas, det gør ikke ondt på mig. | |
| <li><b>Sønderjysk</b>: Æ ka æe glass uhen at det go mæ naue. | |
| <li><b>Frysk / Frisian</b>: Ik kin glês ite, it docht me net sear. | |
| <!-- <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten, het doet mij geen pijn. --> | |
| <!-- <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten zonder dat het | |
| mij | |
| schaadt. --> | |
| <!-- <li><tt>Dutch: Ik kan glas eten, maar dat doet mij geen kwaad.</tt> --> | |
| <li><b>Nederlands / Dutch</b>: Ik kan glas eten, het doet | |
| mij | |
| geen kwaad. | |
| <LI><B>Kirchröadsj/Bôchesserplat</B>: Iech ken glaas èèse, mer 't deet miech | |
| jing pieng.</LI> | |
| <li><b>Afrikaans</b>: Ek kan glas eet, maar dit doen my nie skade nie. | |
| <li><b>Lëtzebuergescht / Luxemburgish</b>: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet mir nët wei. | |
| <li><b>Deutsch / German</b>: Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir zu schaden. | |
| <li><b>Ruhrdeutsch</b>: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich wat jucken tut. | |
| <li><b>Langenfelder Platt</b>: | |
| Isch kann Jlaas kimmeln, uuhne datt mich datt weh dääd. | |
| <li><b>Lausitzer Mundart</b> ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas | |
| dudd merr ni wii. | |
| <li><b>Odenwälderisch</b>: Iech konn glaasch voschbachteln ohne dass es mir ebbs daun doun dud. | |
| <li><b>Sächsisch / Saxon</b>: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue. | |
| <li><b>Pfälzisch</b>: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache dud. | |
| <li><b>Schwäbisch / Swabian</b>: I kå Glas frässa, ond des macht mr nix! | |
| <li><b>Deutsch (Voralberg)</b>: I ka glas eassa, ohne dass mar weh tuat. | |
| <li><b>Bayrisch / Bavarian</b>: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei. | |
| <li><b>Allemannisch</b>: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh. | |
| <li><b>Schwyzerdütsch</b> (Zürich): Ich chan Glaas ässe, das schadt mir nöd. | |
| <li><b>Schwyzerdütsch</b> (Luzern): Ech cha Glâs ässe, das schadt mer ned. | |
| <br><b>Plautdietsch</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Hungarian</b>: Meg tudom enni az üveget, nem lesz tőle bajom. | |
| <li><b>Suomi / Finnish</b>: Voin syödä lasia, se ei vahingoita minua. | |
| <li><b>Sami (Northern)</b>: Sáhtán borrat lása, dat ii leat bávččas. | |
| <li><b>Erzian</b>: Мон ярсан | |
| суликадо, ды | |
| зыян | |
| эйстэнзэ а | |
| ули. | |
| <li><b>Northern Karelian</b>: Mie voin syvvä lasie ta minla ei ole kipie. | |
| <li><b>Southern Karelian</b>: Minä voin syvvä st'oklua dai minule ei ole kibie. | |
| <br><b>Vepsian</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Votian</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Livonian</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Estonian</b>: Ma võin klaasi süüa, see ei tee mulle midagi. | |
| <li><b>Latvian</b>: Es varu ēst stiklu, tas man nekaitē. | |
| <li><b>Lithuanian</b>: Aš galiu valgyti stiklą ir jis manęs nežeidžia | |
| <br><b>Old Prussian</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Sorbian</b> (Wendish): (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Czech</b>: Mohu jíst sklo, neublíží mi. | |
| <li><b>Slovak</b>: Môžem jesť sklo. Nezraní ma. | |
| <li><b>Polska / Polish</b>: Mogę jeść szkło i mi nie szkodzi. | |
| <li><b>Slovenian:</b> Lahko jem steklo, ne da bi mi škodovalo. | |
| <!-- | |
| <li><b>Croatian</b>: Ja mogu jesti staklo i ne boli me. | |
| Serbian translation is very poor. Infinitive used and sound as: "I can | |
| eating glass". | |
| <li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Mogu jesti staklo a da mi ne škodi. | |
| <li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Могу јести стакло | |
| а | |
| да ми | |
| не | |
| шкоди. | |
| <li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Latin):</i> Ja mogu da jedem staklo. | |
| <li><b>Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>: Ја могу да једем стакло. | |
| <li><b>Macedonian:</b> Можам да јадам стакло, а не ме штета. | |
| --> | |
| <li><b>Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian</b> <i>(Latin)</i>: Ja mogu jesti staklo, i to mi ne šteti. | |
| <li><b>Bosnian, Montenegrin and Serbian</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>: Ја могу јести стакло, и то ми не штети. | |
| <li><b>Macedonian:</b> Можам да јадам стакло, а не ме штета. | |
| <li><b>Russian</b>: Я могу есть стекло, оно мне не вредит. | |
| <li><b>Belarusian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Я магу есці шкло, яно мне не шкодзіць. | |
| <li><b>Belarusian</b> <i>(Lacinka):</i> Ja mahu jeści škło, jano mne ne škodzić. | |
| <!-- | |
| <li><b>Ukrainian</b>: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить. | |
| --> | |
| <li><b>Ukrainian</b>: Я можу їсти скло, і воно мені не зашкодить. | |
| <!-- <li><b>Bulgarian</b>: Мога да ям стъкло и не ме боли. --> | |
| <li><b>Bulgarian</b>: Мога да ям стъкло, то не ми вреди. | |
| <li><b>Georgian</b>: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა. | |
| <li><b>Armenian</b>: Կրնամ ապակի ուտել և ինծի անհանգիստ չըներ։ | |
| <li><b>Albanian</b>: Unë mund të ha qelq dhe nuk më gjen gjë. | |
| <li><b>Turkish</b>: Cam yiyebilirim, bana zararı dokunmaz. | |
| <li><b>Turkish</b> <i>(Ottoman):</i> جام ييه بلورم بڭا ضررى طوقونمز | |
| <li><b>Tatar</b>: Алам да бар, пыяла, әмма бу ранит мине. | |
| <li><b>Uzbek</b> / <b>O’zbekcha:</b> <i>(Roman):</i> Men shisha yeyishim mumkin, ammo u menga zarar keltirmaydi. | |
| <li><b>Uzbek</b> / <b>Ўзбекча</b> <i>(Cyrillic)</i>: | |
| Мен шиша ейишим мумкин, аммо у менга зарар келтирмайди. | |
| <li><b>Bangla / Bengali</b>: | |
| আমি কাঁচ খেতে পারি, তাতে আমার কোনো ক্ষতি হয় না। | |
| <li><b>Marathi</b>: मी काच खाऊ शकतो, मला ते दुखत नाही. | |
| <!-- | |
| <li><b>Hindi</b>: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती. | |
| --> | |
| <li><b>Kannada</b>: | |
| ನನಗೆ ಹಾನಿ ಆಗದೆ, ನಾನು ಗಜನ್ನು ತಿನಬಹುದು | |
| <!-- | |
| (ಕನ್ನಡ): ಎಲ್ಲಾದರೂ ಇರು, ಎಂತಾದರು ಇರು, ಎಂದೆಂದಿಗೂ ನೀ ಕನ್ನಡವಾಗಿರು, ಕನ್ನಡವೇ ಸತ್ಯ.. ಕನ್ನಡವೇ ನಿತ್ಯ.. | |
| --> | |
| <li><b>Hindi</b>: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ और मुझे उससे कोई चोट नहीं पहुंचती. | |
| <li><b>Malayalam</b>: | |
| എനിക്ക് ഗ്ലാസ് തിന്നാം. അതെന്നെ വേദനിപ്പിക്കില്ല. | |
| <li><b>Tamil</b>: நான் கண்ணாடி சாப்பிடுவேன், அதனால் எனக்கு ஒரு கேடும் வராது. | |
| <li><b>Telugu</b>: నేను గాజు తినగలను మరియు అలా చేసినా నాకు ఏమి ఇబ్బంది లేదు | |
| <li><b>Sinhalese</b>: මට වීදුරු කෑමට හැකියි. එයින් මට කිසි හානියක් සිදු නොවේ. | |
| <li><b>Urdu</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=UR> | |
| میں کانچ کھا سکتا ہوں اور مجھے تکلیف نہیں ہوتی ۔</span> | |
| <li><b>Pashto</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: زه شيشه خوړلې شم، هغه ما نه خوږوي | |
| <li><b>Farsi / Persian</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: .من می توانم بدونِ احساس درد شيشه بخورم | |
| <li id="arabic"><b>Arabic</b><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=AR>أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني.</span> | |
| <br><B>Aramaic</B>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Maltese</b>: Nista' niekol il-ħġieġ u ma jagħmilli xejn. | |
| <li id="hebrew"><B>Hebrew</B><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HE>אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי.</SPAN> | |
| <li><B>Yiddish</B><a href="#notes">(3)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=JI>איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ.</SPAN> | |
| <br><b>Judeo-Arabic</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Ladino</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Gǝʼǝz</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Amharic</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Twi</b>: Metumi awe tumpan, ɜnyɜ me hwee. | |
| <li><b>Hausa</b> (<i>Latin</i>): Inā iya taunar gilāshi kuma in gamā lāfiyā. | |
| <li><b>Hausa</b> (<i>Ajami</i>) <a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HA> | |
| إِنا إِىَ تَونَر غِلَاشِ كُمَ إِن غَمَا لَافِىَا</SPAN> | |
| <li><b>Yoruba</b><a href="#notes">(4)</a>: Mo lè je̩ dígí, kò ní pa mí lára. | |
| <li><b>Lingala</b>: Nakokí kolíya biténi bya milungi, ekosála ngáí mabé tɛ́. | |
| <!-- | |
| <li><b>Lingala</b>: Nakokí kolíya biténi bya milungi, ekosála ngáí mabé tɛ́. | |
| --> | |
| <li><b>(Ki)Swahili</b>: Naweza kula bilauri na sikunyui. | |
| <li><b>Malay</b>: Saya boleh makan kaca dan ia tidak mencederakan saya. | |
| <li><b>Tagalog</b>: Kaya kong kumain nang bubog at hindi ako masaktan. | |
| <li><b>Chamorro</b>: Siña yo' chumocho krestat, ti ha na'lalamen yo'. | |
| <li><b>Fijian</b>: Au rawa ni kana iloilo, ia au sega ni vakacacani kina. | |
| <li><b>Javanese</b>: Aku isa mangan beling tanpa lara. | |
| <li><b>Burmese</b> (Unicode 4.0): | |
| က္ယ္ဝန္တော္၊က္ယ္ဝန္မ မ္ယက္စားနုိင္သည္။ ၎က္ရောင့္ | |
| ထိခုိက္မ္ဟု မရ္ဟိပာ။ | |
| (9) | |
| <li><b>Burmese</b> (Unicode 5.0): | |
| ကျွန်တော် ကျွန်မ မှန်စားနိုင်တယ်။ ၎င်းကြောင့် ထိခိုက်မှုမရှိပါ။ | |
| (9) | |
| <li><B>Vietnamese (quốc ngữ)</B>: Tôi có thể ăn thủy tinh mà không hại gì. | |
| <li><B>Vietnamese (nôm)</B> (<a href="#notes">4</a>): 些 𣎏 世 咹 水 晶 𦓡 空 𣎏 害 咦 | |
| <li><b>Khmer</b>: | |
| ខ្ញុំអាចញុំកញ្ចក់បាន | |
| ដោយគ្មានបញ្ហារ | |
| <li><b>Lao</b>: | |
| ຂອ້ຍກິນແກ້ວໄດ້ໂດຍທີ່ມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຂອ້ຍເຈັບ. | |
| <li><b>Thai</b>: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ | |
| <li><b>Mongolian</b> <i>(Cyrillic):</i> Би шил идэй чадна, надад хортой биш | |
| <li><b>Mongolian</b> <i>(Classic)</i> (<a href="#notes">5</a>): | |
| ᠪᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠶᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠂ ᠨᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | |
| <br><b>Dzongkha</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Nepali</b>: म काँच खान सक्छू र मलाई केहि नी हुन्न् । | |
| <li><b>Tibetan</b>: ཤེལ་སྒོ་ཟ་ནས་ང་ན་གི་མ་རེད། | |
| <li><b>Chinese</b>: <span lang=zh>我能吞下玻璃而不伤身体。</span> | |
| <li><b>Chinese</b> (Traditional): 我能吞下玻璃而不傷身體。 | |
| <li><b>Taiwanese</b><a href="#notes">(6)</a>: Góa ē-tàng chia̍h po-lê, mā bē tio̍h-siong. | |
| <li><b>Japanese</b>: <span lang=ja>私はガラスを食べられます。それは私を傷つけません。</span> | |
| <li><b>Korean</b>: <span lang=ko>나는 유리를 먹을 수 있어요. 그래도 아프지 않아요</span> | |
| <li><b>Bislama</b>: Mi save kakae glas, hemi no save katem mi.<br> | |
| <li><b>Hawaiian</b>: Hiki iaʻu ke ʻai i ke aniani; ʻaʻole nō lā au e ʻeha.<br> | |
| <li><b>Marquesan</b>: E koʻana e kai i te karahi, mea ʻā, ʻaʻe hauhau. | |
| <li><b>Inuktitut</b> (10): ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᓱᕋᙱᑦᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖓ | |
| <li><b>Chinook Jargon:</b> Naika məkmək kakshət labutay, pi weyk ukuk munk-sik nay. | |
| <li><b>Navajo</b>: Tsésǫʼ yishą́ągo bííníshghah dóó doo shił neezgai da. | |
| <br><b>Cherokee</b> <i>(and Cree, Chickasaw, Cree, Micmac, Ojibwa, Lakota, | |
| Náhuatl, Quechua, Aymara, | |
| and other American languages):</i> (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Garifuna</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <br><b>Gullah</b>: (NEEDED) | |
| <li><b>Lojban</b>: mi kakne le nu citka le blaci .iku'i le se go'i na xrani mi | |
| <li><b>Nórdicg</b>: Ljœr ye caudran créneþ ý jor cẃran. | |
| </ol> | |
| <p> | |
| <i>(Additions, corrections, completions,</i> | |
| <a href="mailto:kermit@kermitproject.org"><i>gratefuly accepted</i></a><i>.)</i> | |
| <p> | |
| For testing purposes, some of these are repeated in a <b>monospace font</b> . . . | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li><tt>Euro Symbol: €.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Greek: Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Íslenska / Icelandic: Ég get etið gler án þess að meiða mig.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Polish: Mogę jeść szkło, i mi nie szkodzi.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Romanian: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Ukrainian: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Armenian: Կրնամ ապակի ուտել և ինծի անհանգիստ չըներ։</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Georgian: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Hindi: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती.</tt> | |
| <li><tt>Hebrew<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=HE>אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי.</SPAN></tt> | |
| <li><tt>Yiddish<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <SPAN dir=rtl lang=JI>איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ.</SPAN></tt> | |
| <li><tt>Arabic<a href="#notes">(2)</a>: <span dir="RTL" lang=AR>أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني.</span></tt> | |
| <li><tt>Japanese: <span lang=ja>私はガラスを食べられます。それは私を傷つけません。</span></tt> | |
| <li><tt>Thai: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ</tt> | |
| </ol> | |
| <p> | |
| <b><a name="notes">Notes:</a></b> | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li>The "I can eat glass" phrase and initial translations (about 30 of them) | |
| were borrowed from Ethan Mollick's <a | |
| href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html">I Can Eat Glass</a> page | |
| (which disappeared on or about June 2004) and converted to UTF-8. Since | |
| Ethan's original page is gone, I should mention that his purpose was to offer | |
| travelers a phrase they could use in any country that would command a | |
| certain kind of respect, or at least get attention. See <a | |
| href="#credits">Credits</a> for the many additional contributions since | |
| then. When submitting new entries, the word "hurt" (if you have a choice) | |
| is used in the sense of "cause harm", "do damage", or "bother", rather than | |
| "inflict pain" or "make sad". In this vein Otto Stolz comments (as do | |
| others further down; personally I think it's better for the purpose of this | |
| page to have extra entries and/or to show a greater repertoire of characters | |
| than it is to enforce a strict interpretation of the word "hurt"!): | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| This is the meaning I have translated to the Swabian dialect. | |
| However, I just have noticed that most of the German variants | |
| translate the "inflict pain" meaning. The German example should | |
| read: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| "Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden." | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| rather than: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| "Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir weh zu tun." | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| (The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform, | |
| cf. <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</tt></a>. | |
| <p> | |
| You may wish to contact the contributors of the following translations | |
| to correct them: | |
| <p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> Lëtzebuergescht / Luxemburgish: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet mir nët wei. | |
| <li> Lausitzer Mundart ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas dudd merr ni wii. | |
| <li> Sächsisch / Saxon: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue. | |
| <li> Bayrisch / Bavarian: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei. | |
| <li> Allemannisch: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh. | |
| <li> Schwyzerdütsch: Ich chan Glaas ässe, das tuet mir nöd weeh. | |
| </ul> | |
| <p> | |
| In contrast, I deem the following translations *alright*: | |
| <p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> Ruhrdeutsch: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich wat jucken tut. | |
| <li> Pfälzisch: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache dud. | |
| <li> Schwäbisch / Swabian: I kå Glas frässa, ond des macht mr nix! | |
| </ul> | |
| <p> | |
| (However, you could remove the commas, on account of | |
| <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</tt></a> | |
| and | |
| <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72"><tt>http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72</tt></a>, respectively.) | |
| <p> | |
| I guess, also these examples translate the <i>wrong</i> sense of "hurt", | |
| though I do not know these languages well enough to assert them | |
| definitely: | |
| <p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> Nederlands / Dutch: Ik kan glas eten; het doet mij geen | |
| pijn. <i>(This one has been changed)</i> | |
| <li> Kirchröadsj/Bôchesserplat: Iech ken glaas èèse, mer 't deet miech jing pieng. | |
| </ul> | |
| <p> | |
| In the Romanic languages, the variations on "fa male" (it) are probably | |
| wrong, whilst the variations on "hace daño" (es) and "damaĝas" (Esperanto) are probably correct; "nocet" (la) is definitely right. | |
| <p> | |
| The northern Germanic variants of "skada" are probably right, as are | |
| the Slavic variants of "škodi/шкоди" (se); however the Slavic variants | |
| of " boli" (hv) are probably wrong, as "bolena" means "pain/ache", IIRC. | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| That was from July 2004. In December 2007, Otto writes again: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <small> | |
| Hello Frank, | |
| in days of yore, I had written:<br> | |
| > "Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden." <br> | |
| > (The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform, | |
| <p> | |
| cf. <a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76">http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76</a>. | |
| <p> | |
| The latest revision (2006) of the official German orthography | |
| has revived the comma around infinitive clauses commencing with | |
| <i>ohne</i>, or 5 other conjunctions, or depending from a noun or | |
| from an announcing demonstrative | |
| (<a href="http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/regeln2006.pdf">http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/regeln2006.pdf</a>, §75). | |
| So, it's again: <i>Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir zu schaden.</i> | |
| <p> | |
| Best wishes,<br> | |
| Otto Stolz | |
| </small> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| <li>The numbering of the samples is arbitrary, done only to keep track of how | |
| many there are, and can change any time a new entry is added. The | |
| arrangement is also arbitrary but with some attempt to group related | |
| examples together. Note: All languages not listed are wanted, not just the | |
| ones that say (NEEDED). | |
| <p> | |
| <li><a name="note1">Correct right-to-left display of these languages | |
| depends on the capabilities of your browser.</a> The period should | |
| appear on the left. In the monospace Yiddish example, the Yiddish digraphs | |
| should occupy one character cell. | |
| <p> | |
| <li>Yoruba: The third word is Latin letter small 'j' followed by | |
| small 'e' with U+0329, Combining Vertical Line Below. This displays | |
| correctly only if your Unicode font includes the U+0329 glyph and your | |
| browser supports combining diacritical marks. The Lingala and Indic examples | |
| also include combining sequences. | |
| <p> | |
| <li>Includes Unicode 3.1 (or later) characters beyond Plane 0. | |
| <p> | |
| <li>The Classic Mongolian example should be vertical, top-to-bottom and | |
| left-to-right. But such display is almost impossible. Also no font yet | |
| exists which provides the proper ligatures and positional variants for the | |
| characters of this script, which works somewhat like Arabic. | |
| <p> | |
| <li>Taiwanese is also known as Holo or Hoklo, and is related to Southern | |
| Min dialects such as Amoy. | |
| Contributed by Henry H. Tan-Tenn, who comments, "The above is | |
| the romanized version, in a script current among Taiwanese Christians since | |
| the mid-19th century. It was invented by British missionaries and saw use in | |
| hundreds of published works, mostly of a religious nature. Most Taiwanese did | |
| not know Chinese characters then, or at least not well enough to read. More | |
| to the point, though, a written standard using Chinese characters has never | |
| developed, so a significant minority of words are represented with different | |
| candidate characters, depending on one's personal preference or etymological | |
| theory. In this sentence, for example, "-tàng", "chia̍h", | |
| "mā" and "bē" are problematic using Chinese characters. | |
| "Góa" (I/me) and "po-lê" (glass) are as written in other Sinitic | |
| languages (e.g. Mandarin, Hakka)." | |
| <p> | |
| <li>Wagner Amaral of Pinese & Amaral Associados notes that | |
| the Brazilian Portuguese sentence for | |
| "I can eat glass" should be identical to the Portuguese one, as the word | |
| "machuca" means "inflict pain", or rather "injuries". The words "faz | |
| mal" would more correctly translate as "cause harm". | |
| <p> | |
| <li>Burmese: In English the first person pronoun "I" stands for both | |
| genders, male and female. In Burmese (except in the central part of Burma) | |
| kyundaw (<font | |
| size="+1" | |
| face="Padauk">က္ယ္ဝန္တော္</font>) for male and kyanma (<font | |
| size="+1" face="Padauk">က္ယ္ဝန္မ</font>) for female. | |
| Using here a fully-compliant Unicode Burmese font -- sadly one and only one | |
| Padauk Graphite font exists -- rendering using graphite engine. | |
| <!--GONE | |
| <a href="http://h1.ripway.com/bamarsar/">CLICK HERE</a> to test Burmese | |
| characters. | |
| --> | |
| Unicode 4.0 or older standard did not have some medial and vowel character; | |
| the second example has them. | |
| <p> | |
| <li><i>From Louise Hope, 22 November 2010:</i> | |
| I decided to have a go at an Inuktitut rendering, mainly in hopes of shaming someone who actually knows the language into coming up with something better. | |
| Meanwhile, try this: | |
| <p> | |
| ᐊᓕᒍᖅ ᓂᕆᔭᕌᖓᒃᑯ ᓱᕋᙱᑦᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖓ | |
| <br> | |
| aliguq nirijaraangakku suranngittunnaqtunga | |
| <p> | |
| Loosely: I am able not to hurt myself whenever I eat glass. | |
| <p> | |
| aliguq >> glass (uninflected because it is the patient of a transitive verb in an ergative language)<br> | |
| nirijaraangakku >> "I eat him/her/it" in Frequentative mood (all one verb with inflectional ending, no affixes whatsoever)<br> | |
| suranngittunnaqtunga >> suraq (do permanent harm) + nngit (verb-negator) + tunnaq (ability) + tunga (intransitive ending, making the verb passive or reflexive) | |
| <p> | |
| See above about someone who knows the language, et cetera. | |
| <p> | |
| Script trivia: the syllable ᙱ is a single unicode character | |
| representing the two elements ᓐ (syllable-final n) and ᖏ | |
| (syllable ngi). I think they just did it that way because it looks tidier | |
| than the expected ᓐᖏ. If your operating system didn't come | |
| with <a href="http://www.ffonts.net/Euphemia-UCAS.font">Euphemia</a> (all-purpose UCAS font), you can download <a href="http://www.allaboutshoes.ca/inuk/our-boots/piq_font.php">Pigiarniq</a>. It comes with a jolly little inuksuk ᐀ that the Unicode Consortium is trying to make into a squatter. | |
| <p> | |
| <!-- | |
| ᓯᖁᒥᐅᒪᓐᖏᒃᑯᓂ ᓈᒪᖕᓇᓐᖏᔾᔪᒃ | |
| <br> | |
| siqumiumanngikkuni naamangnanngijjuk. | |
| --> | |
| </ol> | |
| <h3><a name="quickbrownfox">The Quick Brown Fox... Pangrams</a></h3> | |
| The "I can eat glass" sentences do not necessarily show off the orthography of | |
| each language to best advantage. In many alphabetic written languages it is | |
| possible to include all (or most) letters (or "special" characters) in | |
| a single (often nonsense) <i>pangram</i>. These were traditionally used in | |
| typewriter instruction; now they are useful for stress-testing computer fonts | |
| and keyboard input methods. Here are a few examples (SEND MORE): | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li><b>English:</b> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. | |
| <li><b>Jamaican:</b> Chruu, a kwik di kwik brong fox a jomp huova di liezi daag de, yu no siit? | |
| <li><b>Irish:</b> "An ḃfuil do ċroí ag bualaḋ ó ḟaitíos an ġrá a ṁeall lena ṗóg éada ó | |
| ṡlí do leasa ṫú?" | |
| "D'ḟuascail Íosa Úrṁac na hÓiġe Beannaiṫe pór Éava agus Áḋaiṁ." | |
| <li><b>Dutch:</b> Pa's wijze lynx bezag vroom het fikse aquaduct. | |
| <li><b>German: </b> Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden | |
| größeren Zwerg. (1) | |
| <li><b>German: </b> <span lang=da>Im finſteren Jagdſchloß am offenen Felsquellwaſſer patzte der affig-flatterhafte kauzig-höfliche Bäcker über ſeinem verſifften kniffligen C-Xylophon.</span> (2) | |
| <li><b>Norwegian:</b> Blåbærsyltetøy ("blueberry jam", includes every | |
| extra letter used in Norwegian). | |
| <li><b>Swedish:</b> Flygande bäckasiner söka strax hwila på mjuka tuvor. | |
| <li><b>Icelandic:</b> Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt. | |
| <li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) Törkylempijävongahdus (This is a perfect pangram, every letter appears only once. Translating it is an art on its own, but I'll say "rude lover's yelp". :-D) | |
| <li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) Albert osti fagotin ja töräytti puhkuvan melodian. (Albert bought a bassoon and hooted an impressive melody.) | |
| <li><b>Finnish:</b> (5) On sangen hauskaa, että polkupyörä on maanteiden jokapäiväinen ilmiö. (It's pleasantly amusing, that the bicycle is an everyday sight on the roads.) | |
| <li><b>Polish:</b> Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub osiem skrzyń fig. | |
| <li><b>Czech:</b> Příliš | |
| žluťoučký kůň úpěl | |
| ďábelské kódy. | |
| <li><b>Slovak:</b> Starý kôň na hŕbe | |
| kníh žuje tíško povädnuté | |
| ruže, na stĺpe sa ďateľ | |
| učí kvákať novú ódu o | |
| živote. | |
| <li><b>Slovenian:</b> | |
| Šerif bo za domačo vajo spet kuhal žgance. | |
| <li><b>Greek</b> (monotonic): | |
| ξεσκεπάζω την ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία | |
| <li><b>Greek</b> (polytonic): | |
| ξεσκεπάζω τὴν ψυχοφθόρα βδελυγμία | |
| <li><b>Russian:</b> | |
| Съешь же ещё этих мягких французских булок да выпей чаю. | |
| <li><b>Russian:</b> | |
| В чащах юга жил-был цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! ёъ. | |
| <li><b>Bulgarian:</b> Жълтата дюля беше щастлива, че пухът, който цъфна, замръзна като гьон. | |
| <li><b>Sami (Northern):</b> Vuol Ruoŧa geđggiid leat máŋga luosa ja čuovžža. | |
| <li><b>Hungarian:</b> Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép. | |
| <li><b>Spanish:</b> El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. | |
| <li><b>Spanish:</b> Volé cigüeña que jamás cruzó París, exhibe flor de kiwi y atún. | |
| <li><b>Portuguese:</b> O próximo vôo à noite sobre o Atlântico, põe freqüentemente o único médico. (3) | |
| <li><b>French:</b> Les naïfs ægithales hâtifs pondant à Noël où il gèle sont sûrs d'être | |
| déçus en voyant leurs drôles d'œufs abîmés. | |
| <li><b>Esperanto:</b> Eĥoŝanĝo | |
| ĉiuĵaŭde. | |
| <li><b>Hebrew:</b> <span dir="RTL" lang=HE>זה כיף סתם לשמוע איך תנצח קרפד עץ טוב בגן.</span> | |
| <li><b>Japanese</b> (Hiragana):<blockquote> | |
| いろはにほへど ちりぬるを<br> | |
| わがよたれぞ つねならむ<br> | |
| うゐのおくやま けふこえて<br> | |
| あさきゆめみじ ゑひもせず | |
| (4) | |
| </blockquote> | |
| </ol> | |
| <p id="oechtringen"> | |
| <a name="notes2"><b>Notes:</b></a> | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li>Other phrases commonly used in Germany include: "Ein wackerer Bayer | |
| vertilgt ja bequem zwo Pfund Kalbshaxe" and, more recently, "Franz jagt im | |
| komplett verwahrlosten Taxi quer durch Bayern", but both lack umlauts and | |
| esszet. Previously, going for the shortest sentence that has all the | |
| umlauts and special characters, I had | |
| "Grüße aus Bärenhöfe | |
| (und Óechtringen)!" | |
| Acute accents are not used in native German words, so I was surprised to | |
| discover "Óechtringen" in the Deutsche Bundespost | |
| Postleitzahlenbuch: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/misc/oechtringen.jpg"><img | |
| src="http://kermitproject.org/oechtringen-sm.jpg" alt="Click for full-size image (2.8MB)"></a> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| It's a small village in eastern Lower Saxony. | |
| The "oe" in this case | |
| turns out to be the Lower Saxon "lengthening e" (Dehnungs-e), which makes the | |
| previous vowel long (used in a number of Lower Saxon place names such as Soest | |
| and Itzehoe), not the "e" that indicates umlaut of the preceding vowel. | |
| Many thanks to the Óechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomitee | |
| (Alex Bochannek, Manfred Erren, Asmus Freytag, Christoph Päper, plus | |
| Werner Lemberg who serves as | |
| Óechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomiteerechtschreibungsprüfer) | |
| for their relentless pursuit of the facts in this case. Conclusion: the | |
| accent almost certainly does not belong on this (or any other native German) | |
| word, but neither can it be dismissed as dirt on the page. To add to the | |
| mystery, it has been reported that other copies of the same edition of the | |
| PLZB do not show the accent! UPDATE (March 2006): David Krings was | |
| intrigued enough by this report to contact the mayor of Ebstorf, of which | |
| Oechtringen is a borough, who responded: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:80%"> | |
| Sehr geehrter Mr. Krings,<br> | |
| wenn Oechtringen irgendwo mit einem Akzent auf dem O geschrieben wurde, | |
| dann kann das nur ein Fehldruck sein. Die offizielle Schreibweise lautet | |
| jedenfalls „Oechtringen“.<br> | |
| Mit freundlichen Grüssen<br> | |
| Der Samtgemeindebürgermeister<br> | |
| i.A. Lothar Jessel | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| <li>From Karl Pentzlin (Kochel am See, Bavaria, Germany): | |
| "This German phrase is suited for display by a Fraktur (broken letter) | |
| font. It contains: all common three-letter ligatures: ffi ffl fft and all | |
| two-letter ligatures required by the Duden for Fraktur typesetting: ch ck ff | |
| fi fl ft ll ſch ſi ſſ ſt tz (all in a | |
| manner such they are not part of a three-letter ligature), one example of f-l | |
| where German typesetting rules prohibit ligating (marked by a ZWNJ), and all | |
| German letters a...z, ä,ö,ü,ß, ſ [long s] | |
| (all in a manner such that they are not part of a two-letter Fraktur | |
| ligature)." | |
| Otto Stolz notes that "'Schloß' is now spelled 'Schloss', in | |
| contrast to 'größer' (example 4) which has kept its | |
| 'ß'. Fraktur has been banned from general use, in 1942, and long-s | |
| (ſ) has ceased to be used with Antiqua (Roman) even earlier (the | |
| latest Antiqua-ſ I have seen is from 1913, but then | |
| I am no expert, so there may well be a later instance." Later Otto confirms | |
| the latter theory, "Now I've run across a book “Deutsche | |
| Rechtschreibung” (edited by Lutz Mackensen) from 1954 (my reprint | |
| is from 1956) that has kept the Antiqua-ſ in its dictionary part (but | |
| neither in the preface nor in the appendix)." | |
| <p> | |
| <li>Diaeresis is not used in Iberian Portuguese. Also this pangram | |
| is missing a-tilde (ã) so it's a pænpangram. | |
| <p> | |
| <li>From Yurio Miyazawa: "This poetry contains all the sounds in the | |
| Japanese language and used to be the first thing for children to learn in | |
| their Japanese class. The Hiragana version is particularly neat because it | |
| covers every character in the phonetic Hiragana character set." Yurio also | |
| sent the Kanji version: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| 色は匂へど 散りぬるを<br> | |
| 我が世誰ぞ 常ならむ<br> | |
| 有為の奥山 今日越えて<br> | |
| 浅き夢見じ 酔ひもせず | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <li>Finnish pangrams from Mikko Ristilä. | |
| </ol> | |
| <p> | |
| <b>Accented Cyrillic:</b> | |
| <p> | |
| <i>(This section contributed by Vladimir Marinov.)</i> | |
| <p> | |
| In Bulgarian it is desirable, customary, or in some cases required to | |
| write accents over vowels. Unfortunately, no computer character sets | |
| contain the full repertoire of accented Cyrillic letters. With Unicode, | |
| however, it is possible to combine any Cyrillic letter with any combining | |
| accent. The appearance of the result depends on the font and the rendering | |
| engine. Here are two examples. | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li>Той видя бялата коса́ по главата и́ и ко́са на рамото и́, и ре́че да и́ | |
| рече́: "Пара́та по́ па́ри от па́рата, не ща пари́!", но си поми́сли: "Хей, | |
| помисли́ си! А́ и́ река, а́ е скочила в тази река, която щеше да тече́, | |
| а не те́че." | |
| <p> | |
| <li>По пъ́тя пъту́ват кю́рди и югославя́ни. | |
| </ol> | |
| <h3><a name="html">HTML Features</a></h3> | |
| Here is the Russian alphabet (uppercase only) coded in three | |
| different ways, which should look identical: | |
| <p> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li>АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ | |
| <i>(Literal UTF-8)</i> | |
| <li>АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ | |
| <i>(Decimal numeric character reference)</i> | |
| <li>АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ | |
| <i>(Hexadecimal numeric character reference)</i> | |
| </ol> | |
| <p> | |
| In another test, we use HTML language tags to distinguish Bulgarian, Russian, | |
| and <a href="http://www.tiro.com/transfer/Serbian_Rendering.pdf">Serbian</a>, | |
| which have different italic forms for lowercase | |
| б, г, д, п, and/or т: | |
| <p> | |
| <blockquote> | |
| <table> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><b>Bulgarian</b>: | |
| <td><span lang=BG>[ бгдпт</span> ] | |
| <td><span lang=BG>[ <i>бгдпт</i></span> ] | |
| <td><span lang=BG><i> Мога да ям стъкло и не ме боли.</i></span> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><b>Russian</b>: | |
| <td><span lang=RU>[ бгдпт</span> ] | |
| <td><span lang=RU>[ <i>бгдпт</i></span> ] | |
| <td><span lang=RU><i>Я могу есть стекло, это мне не вредит.</i></span> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><b>Serbian</b>: | |
| <td><span lang=SR>[ бгдпт</span> ] | |
| <td><span lang=SR>[ <i>бгдпт</i></span> ] | |
| <td> <span lang=SR><i>Могу јести стакло | |
| а | |
| да ми | |
| не | |
| шкоди.</i></span> | |
| </table> | |
| </blockquote> | |
| <p> | |
| <!-- acknowledgments --> | |
| <h3><a name="credits">Credits, Tools, and Commentary</a></h3> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt><b>Credits:</b></dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| The "I can eat glass" phrase and the initial collection of translations: | |
| <a href="http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html">Ethan Mollick</a>. | |
| Transcription / conversion to UTF-8: Frank da Cruz. | |
| <b>Albanian:</b> Sindi Keesan. | |
| <b>Afrikaans:</b> Johan Fourie, Kevin Poalses. | |
| <b>Anglo Saxon:</b> Frank da Cruz. | |
| <b>Arabic:</b> Najib Tounsi. | |
| <b>Armenian:</b> Vaçe Kundakçı. | |
| <b>Belarusian:</b> Alexey Chernyak, Patricia Clausnitzer. | |
| <b>Bengali:</b> Somnath Purkayastha, Deepayan Sarkar. | |
| <b>Bislama:</b> Dan McGarry. | |
| <b>Bosnian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff. | |
| <b>Braille:</b> Frank da Cruz. | |
| <b>Bulgarian:</b> Sindi Keesan, Guentcho Skordev, Vladimir Marinov. | |
| <b>Burmese:</b> "cetanapa", Sithu Thwin. | |
| <b>Cabo Verde Creole:</b> Cláudio Alexandre Duarte. | |
| <b>Catalán:</b> Jordi Bancells. | |
| <b>Chinese:</b> Jack Soo, Wong Pui Lam. | |
| <b>Chinook Jargon:</b> David Robertson. | |
| <b>Cornish:</b> Chris Stephens. | |
| <b>Croatian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff, Marjan Baće. | |
| <b>Czech:</b> Stanislav Pecha, Radovan Garabík. | |
| <b>Danish:</b> Morten Due Jorgensen. | |
| <b>Dutch:</b> Peter Gotink. Pim Blokland, Rob Daniel, Rob de Wit. | |
| <b>Erzian:</b> Jack Rueter. | |
| <b>Esperanto:</b> Franko Luin, Radovan Garabík. | |
| <b>Estonian:</b> Meelis Roos. | |
| <b>Faroese:</b> Jón Gaasedal. | |
| <b>Farsi/Persian:</b> Payam Elahi. | |
| <b>Fijian:</b> Paul Cannon. | |
| <b>Finnish:</b> Sampsa Toivanen, Mikko Ristilä. | |
| <b>French:</b> Luc Carissimo, Anne Colin du Terrail, Sean M. Burke, Theo Morelli. | |
| <b>Galician:</b> Laura Probaos. | |
| <b>Georgian:</b> Giorgi Lebanidze. | |
| <b>German:</b> Christoph Päper, Otto Stolz, Karl Pentzlin, David Krings, | |
| Frank da Cruz, Peter Keel (Seegras), Elias Glantschnig. | |
| <b>Gothic:</b> Aurélien Coudurier. | |
| <b>Greek:</b> Ariel Glenn, Constantine Stathopoulos, Siva Nataraja, Christos Georgiou. | |
| <b>Hebrew:</b> Jonathan Rosenne, Tal Barnea. | |
| <b>Hausa:</b> Malami Buba, Tom Gewecke. | |
| <b>Hawaiian:</b> na Hauʻoli Motta, Anela de Rego, Kaliko Trapp. | |
| <b>Hindi:</b> Shirish Kalele, Nitin Dahra. | |
| <b>Hungarian:</b> András Rácz, Mark Holczhammer. | |
| <b>Icelandic:</b> Andrés Magnússon, Sveinn Baldursson. | |
| <b>International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):</b> Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos. | |
| <b>Inuktitut</b>: Louise Hope. | |
| <b>Irish:</b> Michael Everson, Marion Gunn, James Kass, Curtis Clark. | |
| <b>Italian:</b> Thomas De Bellis. | |
| <b>Jamaican:</b> Stephen J. Cherin. | |
| <b>Japanese:</b> Makoto Takahashi, Yurio Miyazawa. | |
| <b>Kannada:</b> Sridhar R N, Alok G. Singh. | |
| <b>Karelian:</b> Aleksandr Semakov. | |
| <b>Khmer:</b> Tola Sann. | |
| <b>Kirchröadsj:</b> Roger Stoffers. | |
| <b>Kreyòl:</b> Sean M. Burke. | |
| <b>Korean:</b> Jungshik Shin. | |
| <b>Langenfelder Platt:</b> David Krings. | |
| <b>Lao:</b> Tola Sann. | |
| <b>Lëtzebuergescht:</b> Stefaan Eeckels. | |
| <b>Lingala:</b> <a href="http://home.sus.mcgill.ca/~moyogo">Denis Moyogo Jacquerye</a> | |
| (<a href="http://info-langues-congo.1sd.org/">Nkóta ya Kɔ́ngɔ míbalé </a>) | |
| (Nkóta ya Kɔ́ngɔ míbal). | |
| <b>Lithuanian:</b> Gediminas Grigas. | |
| <b>Lojban:</b> Edward Cherlin. | |
| <b>Lusatian:</b> Ronald Schaffhirt. | |
| <b>Macedonian:</b> Sindi Keesan. | |
| <b>Malay:</b> Zarina Mustapha. | |
| <b>Malayalam:</b> Anil Matthews, Bobby Jacob. | |
| <b>Maltese:</b> Kenneth Joseph Vella. | |
| <b>Manx:</b> Éanna Ó Brádaigh. | |
| <b>Marathi:</b> Shirish Kalele. | |
| <b>Marquesan:</b> Kaliko Trapp. | |
| <b>Middle English:</b> Frank da Cruz. | |
| <b>Milanese:</b> Marco Cimarosti. | |
| <b>Mongolian:</b> Tom Gewecke. | |
| <b>Montenegran:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff. | |
| <b>Napoletano:</b> Diego Quintano. | |
| <b>Navajo:</b> Tom Gewecke. | |
| <a href="http://www.langmaker.com/db/mdl_nordicg.htm"><b>Nórdicg</b></a>: | |
| Yẃlyan Rott. | |
| <b>Nepali:</b> Ujjwol Lamichhane, Rabi Tripathi. | |
| <b>Norwegian:</b> Herman Ranes, Håvard Kvålen. | |
| <b>Odenwälderisch:</b> Alexander Heß. | |
| <b>Old Irish:</b> Michael Everson. | |
| <b>Old Norse:</b> Andrés Magnússon. | |
| <b>Papiamentu:</b> Bianca and Denise Zanardi. | |
| <b>Pashto:</b> N.R. Liwal. | |
| <b>Pfälzisch:</b> Dr. Johannes Sander. | |
| <b>Picard:</b> Philippe Mennecier. | |
| <b>Polish:</b> Juliusz Chroboczek, Paweł Przeradowski, Wlodzislaw Kostecki. | |
| <b>Portuguese:</b> "Cláudio" Alexandre Duarte, Bianca and Denise | |
| Zanardi, Pedro Palhoto Matos, Wagner Amaral. | |
| <b>Québécois:</b> Laurent Detillieux. | |
| <b>Roman:</b> Pierpaolo Bernardi. | |
| <b>Romanian:</b> Juliusz Chroboczek, Ionel Mugurel. | |
| <b>Romansch:</b> Alexandre Suter. | |
| <b>Ruhrdeutsch:</b> "Timwi". | |
| <b>Russian:</b> Alexey Chernyak, Serge Nesterovitch. | |
| <b>Sami:</b> Anne Colin du Terrail, Luc Carissimo. | |
| <b>Sanskrit:</b> Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos. | |
| <b>Sächsisch:</b> André Müller. | |
| <b>Schwäbisch:</b> Otto Stolz. | |
| <b>Scots:</b> Jonathan Riddell. | |
| <b>Serbian:</b> Dmitrij D. Czarkoff, Sindi Keesan, Ranko Narancic, Boris Daljevic, Szilvia Csorba, | |
| O. Dag. | |
| <b>Sinhalese:</b> Abdul-Ahad (ASM). | |
| <b>Slovak:</b> G. Adam Stanislav, Radovan Garabík. | |
| <b>Slovenian:</b> Albert Kolar, Primož Gabrijelčič. | |
| <b>Spanish:</b> <a href="http://www.aleida.net">Aleida Morel</a>, | |
| Laura Probaos, Ricardo Cancho Niemietz. | |
| <b>Swahili:</b> Ronald Schaffhirt. | |
| <b>Swedish:</b> Christian Rose, Bengt Larsson. | |
| <b>Taiwanese:</b> Henry H. Tan-Tenn. | |
| <b>Tagalog:</b> Jim Soliven. | |
| <b>Tamil:</b> Vasee Vaseeharan, Vetrivel P. | |
| <b>Tatar:</b> Timur. | |
| <b>Telugu:</b> Arjuna Rao Chavala. | |
| <b>Tibetan:</b> D. Germano, Tom Gewecke. | |
| <b>Thai:</b> Alan Wood's wife. | |
| <b>Turkish:</b> Vaçe Kundakçı, Tom Gewecke, Merlign Olnon. | |
| <b>Ukrainian:</b> Michael Zajac, Oleg Podsadny. | |
| <b>Ulster Gaelic:</b> Ciarán Ó Duibhín. | |
| <b>Uzbek:</b> Daniyar Nurgaliev. | |
| <b>Urdu:</b> Mustafa Ali. | |
| <a href="http://nomfoundation.org/"><b>Vietnamese</b></a>: Dixon Au, | |
| [James] Đỗ Bá Phước | |
| <font face="PMingLiU">杜 伯 福</font>. | |
| <b>Walloon:</b> Pablo Saratxaga. | |
| <b>Welsh:</b> Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (Andrew). | |
| <b>Yiddish:</b> Mark David. | |
| <b>Zeneise:</b> Angelo Pavese. | |
| <p> | |
| <dt><b>Tools Used to Create This Web Page:</b></dt> | |
| <dd>The UTF8-aware <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> terminal emulator on | |
| Windows, to a Unix host with the <a | |
| href="http://www.gnu.org/directory/emacs.html">EMACS</a> text editor. Kermit | |
| 95 displays UTF-8 and also allows keyboard entry of arbitrary Unicode BMP | |
| characters as 4 hex digits, as shown <a href="glass.html">HERE</a>. Hex codes | |
| for Unicode values can be found in <a | |
| href="http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/u2.html">The Unicode | |
| Standard</a> (recommended) and the <a | |
| href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/">online code charts</a>. When | |
| submissions arrive by email encoded in some other character set (Latin-1, | |
| Latin-2, KOI, various PC code pages, JEUC, etc), I use the TRANSLATE command | |
| of <a href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> on the Unix host (<a | |
| href="safe.html">where I read my mail</a>) to convert the character set to | |
| UTF-8 (I could also use Kermit 95 for this; it has the same TRANSLATE | |
| command). That's it -- no "Web authoring" tools, no locales, no "smart" | |
| anything. It's just plain text, nothing more. By the way, there's nothing | |
| special about EMACS -- any text editor will do, providing it allows entry of | |
| arbitrary 8-bit bytes as text, including the 0x80-0x9F "C1" range. EMACS 21.1 | |
| and later actually support UTF-8; earlier versions don't know about it and display the | |
| octal codes; either way is OK for this purpose. | |
| <p> | |
| <dt><b>Commentary:</b> | |
| <dd>Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 13:21:59 +0100<br> | |
| From: "Bruno DEDOMINICIS" <tt><b.dedominicis@cite-sciences.fr></tt><br> | |
| Subject: Je peux manger du verre, cela ne me fait pas mal. | |
| <p> | |
| I just found out your website and it makes me feel like proposing an | |
| interpretation of the choice of this peculiar phrase. | |
| <p> | |
| Glass is transparent and can hurt as everyone knows. The relation between | |
| people and civilisations is sometimes effusional and more often rude. The | |
| concept of breaking frontiers through globalization, in a way, is also an | |
| attempt to deny any difference. Isn't "transparency" the flag of modernity? | |
| Nothing should be hidden any more, authority is obsolete, and the new powers | |
| are supposed to reign through loving and smiling and no more through | |
| coercion... | |
| <p> | |
| Eating glass without pain sounds like a very nice metaphor of this attempt. | |
| That is, frontiers should become glass transparent first, and be denied by | |
| incorporating them. On the reverse, it shows that through globalization, | |
| frontiers undergo a process of displacement, that is, when they are not any | |
| more speakable, they become repressed from the speech and are therefore | |
| incorporated and might become painful symptoms, as for example what happens | |
| when one tries to eat glass. | |
| <p> | |
| The frontiers that used to separate bodies one from another tend to divide | |
| bodies from within and make them suffer.... The chosen phrase then appears | |
| as a denial of the symptom that might result from the destitution of | |
| traditional frontiers. | |
| <p> | |
| Best,<br> | |
| Bruno De Dominicis, Paris, France | |
| </dl> | |
| <p> | |
| <b>Other Unicode pages onsite:</b> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="postal.html">Frank's Compulsive Guide to Postal Addresses</a> | |
| (especially the <a href="postal.html#index">Index</a>) | |
| <li><a href="http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/">Peace in All Languages</a> | |
| <li><a href="sshclient-be.html">Kermit 95 кліента SSH</a> | |
| (Kermit 95 SSH Client documentation in Belarusian) | |
| <li><a href="st-erkenwald.html">Representing Middle English on the Web with UTF-8</a> | |
| <li><a href="biblio.html">The Kermit Bibliography</a> (in UTF-8) | |
| <li><a href="accents.html">Interchange of Non-English Computer Text</a> | |
| (UTF-8 math and box-drawing) | |
| <li><a href="utf8-t1.html">Unicode Table</a> (in UTF-8) | |
| </ul> | |
| <p> | |
| <b>Unicode samplers and resources offsite:</b> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="http://rishida.net/scripts/uniview/conversion">Unicode Code | |
| Converter</a> (converts among different Unicode | |
| encoding forms and notations). | |
| <li><a href="http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/confusables.jsp?a=paypal&n=on&x=on">Confusables</a> (every silver lining has a cloud). | |
| <li><a href="http://www.seigniorage.de/">Seigniorage</a> (Central Banks worldwide). | |
| <li>Michael Everson's | |
| <a href="http://www.evertype.com/scriptbib.html">Bibliography of Typography | |
| and Scripts</a> | |
| <li><a href="http://www.code2000.net/englishtestutf.htm">Does your browser | |
| support Unicode English?</a> (James Kass) | |
| <li><a href="http://crism.maden.org/dunno.html">I don't know, I only work here</a> | |
| <li><a href="http://www.trigeminal.com/samples/provincial.html">Anyone | |
| can be provincial!</a> | |
| <!-- defunct | |
| <li><a href="http://www.macchiato.com/unicode/Unicode_transcriptions.html">Transcriptions of "Unicode"</a> | |
| --> | |
| <li><a href="http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode-example.html">Example | |
| Unicode Usage for Business Applications</a> | |
| <li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#apps">UTF-8 and | |
| Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux</a> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p> | |
| <b>Unicode fonts:</b> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li><a href="http://www.code2000.net/">Code 2000</a> (James Kass) | |
| <li><a href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html">Unicode Fonts | |
| for Windows Computers</a> (Alan Wood) | |
| <li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html">Unicode Fonts and | |
| Tools for X11</a> (Markus Kuhn) | |
| <li><a href="http://www.evertype.com/emono/">Everson Mono</a> (Michael | |
| Everson) | |
| <li><a href="http://www.monotype.com">Agfa Monotype</a> (now fonts.com) | |
| </ul> | |
| <p> | |
| [ <a href="k95.html">Kermit 95</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="glass.html">K95 Screen Shots</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="ckermit.html">C-Kermit</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="index.html">Kermit Home</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="http://www.unicode.org/help/display_problems.html">Display Problems?</a> ] | |
| [ <a href="http://www.unicode.org">The Unicode Consortium</a> ] | |
| <hr> | |
| <ADDRESS> | |
| UTF-8 Sampler / <a href="index.html">The Kermit Project</a> / | |
| <a href="http://www.columbia.edu">Columbia University</a> / | |
| <a href="mailto:kermit@kermitproject.org">kermit@kermitproject.org</a> | |
| </ADDRESS> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |