Explicitly set -fno-builtin for each function intercepted by centipede

The only builtins intercepted by centipede are [0]:
* `memcmp(...)`
* `pthread_create(...)`
* `strcmp(...)`
* `strncmp(...)`

This is to work around a clang bug where opting out of the `setjmp(...)`
builtin resulted in an incorrect tail-call optimization [1].

[0]: https://github.com/google/fuzztest/blob/main/centipede/runner_interceptors.cc
[1]: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/122840

Bug: 380508212
Change-Id: I0ef651fff0d98a9e9fadff5bbfdd4eeaf4426738
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6178640
Reviewed-by: Nico Weber <thakis@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Alan Zhao <ayzhao@google.com>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1407075}