[Sync] Fix bootstrap_new_data_type.sh

The script intended to check return code of `git cl patch`, but instead
checked `git cl issue`, which is likely to succeed with broken base CL.

This led to possibility to break base CL even more. This CL fixes the
problem. Also adds an extra check for other comments.

Bug: 433925598
Change-Id: Id05d123f5880ba10395817b083053960cc4e4122
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6780635
Reviewed-by: Jood Hajeer <jood@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Maksim Moskvitin <mmoskvitin@google.com>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1491679}