CrOS Settings: Add no-inferrable-types ESLint rule

Enforces no-inferrable-types, aligning with the Google TS style guide,
and fixes existing violations.
Google TS style guide: go/tsjs-style#type-inference
Rule doc: https://typescript-eslint.io/rules/no-inferrable-types

Bug: b:312223250
Test: git cl presubmit
Change-Id: Icc85aa0f6049fe26c1f0bd9747c687df24861f77
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5050454
Commit-Queue: Wes Okuhara <wesokuhara@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Xiaohui Chen <xiaohuic@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1227656}