[U2F] Cryptotoken extension to use origin rather than URL for appId

Currently when a caller invokes U2F through the Cryptotoken extension
it validates the origin of the calling page by parsing the URL. That is
wrong in cases where the origin differs from the URL.

This change uses the origin field of messageSender directly instead of
parsing the URL.

Fixed: 1000408
Change-Id: Ia45f811b20628ef2d94b498cd97f507b9ad1fd9b
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/3484604
Reviewed-by: Martin Kreichgauer <martinkr@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Ken Buchanan <kenrb@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#974483}