TrayBubble: bubbles not updating correctly on tablet state change

Currently, when transitioning between tablet and clamshell mode, the
tray bubble views don't update their position. This leads to weird
states such as incorrect padding, floating in the middle of the screen,
and overlapping the shelf. This is due to the bubble view anchor and
insets not being updated.

This CL will make it so that the tray bubble view will update its anchor
and insets whenever transitioning between tablet and clamshell mode, as
well as also reacting to shelf alignment changes.

Bug: b/315193140
Test: added new tests
Change-Id: Icdbf5d7cdc16595b03cf939c3d662392478fca16
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5252120
Reviewed-by: Andre Le <leandre@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Richard Chui <richui@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1254842}