[PermissionOptions] Simplify request path, provide resolvers, pass back request information

This CL is part of a larger change to support permissions with options. A summary of changes in this CL can be found below, the full design doc can be found here: go/multi-state-permissions-dd

- Simplify interfaces to rely on PermissionRequestData wrapper and refactor PermissionContextBase and its subclasses accordingly.

- Update PermissionRequestData to rely on permission resolvers.

- Refactor PermissionRequest to rely on unique PermissionRequestData object and pass it to permission decided callbacks. Let PermissionRequestData be owned by the PermissionRequest. The permission decided callbacks need to be enhanced with this parameter because permissions with options will need to pass back information about the particular request to the permission infrastructure.

Full design doc: http://go/multi-state-permissions-dd

Change-Id: I81df3cbcedb9c7ef2340a0d79734adf77f336aae
Bug: 394547183, 393053278
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6490747
Reviewed-by: Colin Blundell <blundell@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Florian Jacky <fjacky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Gozman <dgozman@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1455751}