[NestedIcon] Fix and polish branding animation

This CL fixes the text clipping and adjusts the Chrome icon placement to
better align with the security icon. This adjustment also required a
change to how the rotation animation is done.

Bug: 331672974
Change-Id: I941e378a237eadcbd88ed202f5b3c966f1a943d7
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6287608
Reviewed-by: Jinsuk Kim <jinsukkim@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Sinan Sahin <sinansahin@google.com>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1424047}