Reland "[PermissionOptions] Return PermissionResult in callback for requests"

This is a reland of commit 16f277ba00702c1ce679ccf94291ce51f1a7ab6a

The build failure was because the CastPermissionManager interface was not updated to the new PermissionControllerDelegate interface.

Original change's description:
> [PermissionOptions] Return PermissionResult in callback for requests
>
> This CL changes the callback type for permission requests to take a PermissionResult instead of a PermissionStatus. PermissionResults contain the PermissionStatus and can optionally contain the stored PermissionSetting, which is something that will need to be accessed by permissions with options, if they want to support permission downgrades (e.g. to detect that only coarse location was granted for a precise location request).
>
> To create a PermissionResult we use the PermissionStatus and set the PermissionStatusSource to UNSPECIFIED. Since the retrieved_permission_data member is an optional, we don't need to set it across the codebase. By default the permission context sets this member when permissions are set, which executes the permission request callback with this information (see PermissionContextBase::NotifyPermissionSet).
>
> Bug: 436773343
> Change-Id: Iaf4dfa2f1532db17a069eb6db032350f2a0d2019
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6818254
> Reviewed-by: Peter Conn <peconn@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Ravjit Uppal <ravjit@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Gozman <dgozman@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: Nico Weber <thakis@chromium.org>
> Reviewed-by: David Dorwin <ddorwin@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: Florian Jacky <fjacky@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1501523}

Bug: 436773343
Change-Id: I15f96cd7d1fc44ad7df0b375f125c54f025bab16
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6851838
Reviewed-by: David Dorwin <ddorwin@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Florian Jacky <fjacky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Ravjit Uppal <ravjit@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Nico Weber <thakis@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yuchen Liu <yucliu@chromium.org>
Owners-Override: Nico Weber <thakis@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1503130}