Glic API tests fail even if the assert error was captured

Update the API test harness to track test assertion failures and force
tests to fail even if the assertion error was captured by the test. Add
tests to confirm that all current assertion helpers are supported.

Additionally, add a text message argument to most assert-like helpers,
include error message checking in `assertRejects`, and standardize
failure error messages.

Bug: b:434762167
Change-Id: I762caa7080e0ce502b861eb74a3d158c0476ceea
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/6795487
Reviewed-by: Dan Harrington <harringtond@chromium.org>
Auto-Submit: Carlos Knippschild <carlosk@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Carlos Knippschild <carlosk@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1494265}