[Extensions] Log NoSuchExtension error by function and refine error msg

There are a few crbugs with the same uninformative crash signature:
in the chrome://extensions page, there is a race condition where an
extension is expected to exist for a developerPrivate API call that
takes in an extension ID, and if it doesn't exist, the
"No such extension." error is thrown.

There is no handling in promises for this error and multiple functions
throw this... This CL adds:
- a histogram to log when this error is
thrown, separated by function. This should help inform a fix?
- the function name to the error to better distinguish incoming crash
  reports

Bug: 431205004
Change-Id: I69e87e7ee682d5d013e36f70045c6ee8ab14f50c
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/7001601
Commit-Queue: Kelvin Jiang <kelvinjiang@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Devlin Cronin <rdevlin.cronin@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1524374}