[media_device_settings] Use new MediaDeviceInfo to get device list

Using this browser implementation of a device info cache instead
of the content one allows us to get the full information about a
given device. The additional information will be used in a later
CL to add labeling to system default devices in the combobox.

Bug: b:319445968
Change-Id: I6afbe5b3c0ac0e115e836c37ebd84bfdf21c5d63
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5335450
Reviewed-by: Rainhard Findling <rainhard@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Demetrios Papadopoulos <dpapad@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Bryant Chandler <bryantchandler@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1269931}