Reland: [Windows] Remove various uses of the windows.h header.

This relands the patch after fixing the libfuzzer issue.

Original change's description:
> This CL removes some uses of the windows.h header in the sandbox and
> replaces them with windows_types.h or base code. This also includes
> some general clean up such as removing naked memory allocations.
>
> Bug: 1270309
> Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/3289994
> Reviewed-by: Will Harris <wfh@chromium.org>
> Commit-Queue: James Forshaw <forshaw@chromium.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#943376}

Change-Id: Ia8f8faa4968a75d567fc2c6258be4a962c256db3
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/3293771
Reviewed-by: Will Harris <wfh@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: James Forshaw <forshaw@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#943737}