| <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" |
| xml:id="appendix.porting.api" xreflabel="api"> |
| <?dbhtml filename="api.html"?> |
| |
| <info><title>API Evolution and Deprecation History</title> |
| <keywordset> |
| <keyword>ISO C++</keyword> |
| <keyword>api</keyword> |
| <keyword>evolution</keyword> |
| <keyword>deprecation</keyword> |
| <keyword>history</keyword> |
| </keywordset> |
| </info> |
| |
| |
| |
| <para> |
| A list of user-visible changes, in chronological order |
| </para> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_300"><info><title><constant>3.0</constant></title></info> |
| |
| |
| <para> |
| Extensions moved to <filename class="directory">include/ext</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Include files from the SGI/HP sources that pre-date the ISO standard |
| are added. These files are placed into |
| the <filename class="directory">include/backward</filename> directory and a deprecated warning |
| is added that notifies on inclusion (<literal>-Wno-deprecated</literal> |
| deactivates the warning.) |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>Deprecated include <filename class="headerfile">backward/strstream</filename> added.</para> |
| |
| <para>Removal of include <filename class="headerfile">builtinbuf.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">indstream.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">parsestream.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">PlotFile.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">SFile.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">stdiostream.h</filename>, and <filename class="headerfile">stream.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_310"><info><title><constant>3.1</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extensions from SGI/HP moved from <code>namespace std</code> |
| to <code>namespace __gnu_cxx</code>. As part of this, the following |
| new includes are |
| added: <filename class="headerfile">ext/algorithm</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/functional</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/iterator</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/memory</filename>, and <filename class="headerfile">ext/numeric</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extensions to <code>basic_filebuf</code> introduced: <code>__gnu_cxx::enc_filebuf</code>, and <code>__gnu_cxx::stdio_filebuf</code>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extensions to tree data structures added in <filename class="headerfile">ext/rb_tree</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Removal of <filename class="headerfile">ext/tree</filename>, moved to <filename class="headerfile">backward/tree.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_320"><info><title><constant>3.2</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| <para>Symbol versioning introduced for shared library.</para> |
| |
| <para>Removal of include <filename class="headerfile">backward/strstream.h</filename>.</para> |
| |
| <para>Allocator changes. Change <code>__malloc_alloc</code> to <code>malloc_allocator</code> and <code>__new_alloc</code> to <code>new_allocator</code>. </para> |
| |
| <para> For GCC releases from 2.95 through the 3.1 series, defining |
| <literal>__USE_MALLOC</literal> on the gcc command line would change the |
| default allocation strategy to instead use <code> malloc</code> and |
| <function>free</function>. For the 3.2 and 3.3 release series the same |
| functionality was spelled <literal>_GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</literal>. From |
| GCC 3.4 onwards the functionality is enabled by setting |
| <literal>GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW</literal> in the environment, see |
| <link linkend="manual.ext.allocator.mt">the mt allocator chapter</link> |
| for details. |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| <para>Error handling in iostreams cleaned up, made consistent. </para> |
| |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_330"><info><title><constant>3.3</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_340"><info><title><constant>3.4</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| Large file support. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions for generic characters and <code>char_traits</code> added in <filename class="headerfile">ext/pod_char_traits.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Support for <code>wchar_t</code> specializations of <code>basic_filebuf</code> enhanced to support <code>UTF-8</code> and <code>Unicode</code>, depending on host. More hosts support basic <code>wchar_t</code> functionality. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Support for <code>char_traits</code> beyond builtin types. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Conformant <code>allocator</code> class and usage in containers. As |
| part of this, the following extensions are |
| added: <filename class="headerfile">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/debug_allocator.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/mt_allocator.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/malloc_allocator.h</filename>,<filename class="headerfile">ext/new_allocator.h</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">ext/pool_allocator.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| This is a change from all previous versions, and may require |
| source-level changes due to allocator-related changes to structures |
| names and template parameters, filenames, and file locations. Some, |
| like <code>__simple_alloc, __allocator, __alloc, </code> and <code> |
| _Alloc_traits</code> have been removed. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>Default behavior of <code>std::allocator</code> has changed.</para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Previous versions prior to 3.4 cache allocations in a memory |
| pool, instead of passing through to call the global allocation |
| operators (i.e., <classname>__gnu_cxx::pool_allocator</classname>). More |
| recent versions default to the |
| simpler <classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator</classname>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Previously, all allocators were written to the SGI |
| style, and all STL containers expected this interface. This |
| interface had a traits class called <code>_Alloc_traits</code> that |
| attempted to provide more information for compile-time allocation |
| selection and optimization. This traits class had another allocator |
| wrapper, <code>__simple_alloc<T,A></code>, which was a |
| wrapper around another allocator, A, which itself is an allocator |
| for instances of T. But wait, there's more: |
| <code>__allocator<T,A></code> is another adapter. Many of |
| the provided allocator classes were SGI style: such classes can be |
| changed to a conforming interface with this wrapper: |
| <code>__allocator<T, __alloc></code> is thus the same as |
| <code>allocator<T></code>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> The class <classname>allocator</classname> used the typedef |
| <type>__alloc</type> to select an underlying allocator that |
| satisfied memory allocation requests. The selection of this |
| underlying allocator was not user-configurable. |
| </para> |
| |
| <table frame="all"> |
| <title>Extension Allocators</title> |
| |
| <tgroup cols="4" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1"> |
| <colspec colname="c1"/> |
| <colspec colname="c2"/> |
| <colspec colname="c3"/> |
| <colspec colname="c4"/> |
| |
| <thead> |
| <row> |
| <entry>Allocator (3.4)</entry> |
| <entry>Header (3.4)</entry> |
| <entry>Allocator (3.[0-3])</entry> |
| <entry>Header (3.[0-3])</entry> |
| </row> |
| </thead> |
| |
| <tbody> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/new_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry><classname>std::__new_alloc</classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">memory</filename></entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::malloc_allocator<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/malloc_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry><classname>std::__malloc_alloc_template<int></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">memory</filename></entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::debug_allocator<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/debug_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry><classname>std::debug_alloc<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">memory</filename></entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::__pool_alloc<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/pool_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry><classname>std::__default_alloc_template<bool,int></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">memory</filename></entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::__mt_alloc<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/mt_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry> </entry> |
| <entry> </entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocator<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/bitmap_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry> </entry> |
| <entry> </entry> |
| </row> |
| </tbody> |
| </tgroup> |
| </table> |
| |
| <para> Releases after gcc-3.4 have continued to add to the collection |
| of available allocators. All of these new allocators are |
| standard-style. The following table includes details, along with |
| the first released version of GCC that included the extension allocator. |
| </para> |
| |
| <table frame="all"> |
| <title>Extension Allocators Continued</title> |
| |
| <tgroup cols="3" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1"> |
| <colspec colname="c1"/> |
| <colspec colname="c2"/> |
| <colspec colname="c3"/> |
| |
| <thead> |
| <row> |
| <entry>Allocator</entry> |
| <entry>Include</entry> |
| <entry>Version</entry> |
| </row> |
| </thead> |
| |
| <tbody> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::array_allocator<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/array_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry>4.0.0</entry> |
| </row> |
| <row> |
| <entry><classname>__gnu_cxx::throw_allocator<T></classname></entry> |
| <entry><filename class="headerfile">ext/throw_allocator.h</filename></entry> |
| <entry>4.2.0</entry> |
| </row> |
| </tbody> |
| </tgroup> |
| </table> |
| |
| |
| <para> |
| Debug mode first appears. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Precompiled header support <acronym>PCH</acronym> support. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Macro guard for changed, from <literal>_GLIBCPP_</literal> to <literal>_GLIBCXX_</literal>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extension <filename class="headerfile">ext/stdio_sync_filebuf.h</filename> added. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extension <filename class="headerfile">ext/demangle.h</filename> added. |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_400"><info><title><constant>4.0</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| TR1 features first appear. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extension allocator <filename class="headerfile">ext/array_allocator.h</filename> added. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Extension <code>codecvt</code> specializations moved to <filename class="headerfile">ext/codecvt_specializations.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Removal of <filename class="headerfile">ext/demangle.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_410"><info><title><constant>4.1</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| <para> |
| Removal of <filename class="headerfile">cassert</filename> from all standard headers: now has to be explicitly included for <code>std::assert</code> calls. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions for policy-based data structures first added. New includes, |
| types, namespace <code>pb_assoc</code>. |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| |
| <para> Extensions for typelists added in <filename class="headerfile">ext/typelist.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extension for policy-based <code>basic_string</code> first added: <code>__gnu_cxx::__versa_string</code> in <filename class="headerfile">ext/vstring.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_420"><info><title><constant>4.2</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| <para> Default visibility attributes applied to <code>namespace std</code>. Support for <code>-fvisibility</code>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>TR1 <filename class="headerfile">random</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">complex</filename>, and C compatibility headers added.</para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions for concurrent programming consolidated |
| into <filename class="headerfile">ext/concurrence.h</filename> and <filename class="headerfile">ext/atomicity.h</filename>, |
| including change of namespace to <code>__gnu_cxx</code> in some |
| cases. Added types |
| include <code>_Lock_policy</code>, <code>__concurrence_lock_error</code>, <code>__concurrence_unlock_error</code>, <code>__mutex</code>, <code>__scoped_lock</code>.</para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions for type traits consolidated |
| into <filename class="headerfile">ext/type_traits.h</filename>. Additional traits are added |
| (<code>__conditional_type</code>, <code>__enable_if</code>, others.) |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions for policy-based data structures revised. New includes, |
| types, namespace moved to <code>__pb_ds</code>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions for debug mode modified: now nested in <code>namespace |
| std::__debug</code> and extensions in <code>namespace |
| __gnu_cxx::__debug</code>.</para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions added: <filename class="headerfile">ext/typelist.h</filename> |
| and <filename class="headerfile">ext/throw_allocator.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_430"><info><title><constant>4.3</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| |
| |
| <para> |
| C++0X features first appear. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>TR1 <filename class="headerfile">regex</filename> and <filename class="headerfile">cmath</filename>'s mathematical special function added. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Backward include edit. |
| </para> |
| <itemizedlist> |
| <listitem> |
| <para>Removed</para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">algobase.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">algo.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">alloc.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">bvector.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">complex.h</filename> |
| <filename class="headerfile">defalloc.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">deque.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">fstream.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">function.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">hash_map.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">hash_set.h</filename> |
| <filename class="headerfile">hashtable.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">heap.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">iomanip.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">iostream.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">istream.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">iterator.h</filename> |
| <filename class="headerfile">list.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">map.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">multimap.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">multiset.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">new.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">ostream.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">pair.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">queue.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">rope.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">set.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">slist.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">stack.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">streambuf.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">stream.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">tempbuf.h</filename> |
| <filename class="headerfile">tree.h</filename> <filename class="headerfile">vector.h</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| <listitem> |
| <para>Added</para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">hash_map</filename> and <filename class="headerfile">hash_set</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| <listitem> |
| <para>Added in C++11</para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">auto_ptr.h</filename> and <filename class="headerfile">binders.h</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| </itemizedlist> |
| |
| <para> |
| Header dependency streamlining. |
| </para> |
| |
| <itemizedlist> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">algorithm</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">climits</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">cstring</filename>, or <filename class="headerfile">iosfwd</filename> </para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">bitset</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">istream</filename> or <filename class="headerfile">ostream</filename>, adds <filename class="headerfile">iosfwd</filename> </para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">functional</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">cstddef</filename></para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">iomanip</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">istream</filename>, <filename class="headerfile">istream</filename>, or <filename class="headerfile">functional</filename>, adds <filename class="headerfile">ioswd</filename> </para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">numeric</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">iterator</filename></para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">string</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">algorithm</filename> or <filename class="headerfile">memory</filename></para></listitem> |
| |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">valarray</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">numeric</filename> or <filename class="headerfile">cstdlib</filename></para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">tr1/hashtable</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">memory</filename> or <filename class="headerfile">functional</filename></para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">tr1/memory</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">algorithm</filename></para></listitem> |
| <listitem><para><filename class="headerfile">tr1/random</filename> no longer includes <filename class="headerfile">algorithm</filename> or <filename class="headerfile">fstream</filename></para></listitem> |
| </itemizedlist> |
| |
| <para> |
| Debug mode for <filename class="headerfile">unordered_map</filename> and <filename class="headerfile">unordered_set</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Parallel mode first appears. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>Variadic template implementations of items in <filename class="headerfile">tuple</filename> and |
| <filename class="headerfile">functional</filename>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para>Default <code>what</code> implementations give more elaborate |
| exception strings for <code>bad_cast</code>, |
| <code>bad_typeid</code>, <code>bad_exception</code>, and |
| <code>bad_alloc</code>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| PCH binary files no longer installed. Instead, the source files are installed. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Namespace pb_ds moved to __gnu_pb_ds. |
| </para> |
| |
| </section> |
| |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_440"><info><title><constant>4.4</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| C++0X features. |
| </para> |
| |
| <itemizedlist> |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Added. |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">atomic</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">chrono</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">condition_variable</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">forward_list</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">initializer_list</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">mutex</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">ratio</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">thread</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Updated and improved. |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">algorithm</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">system_error</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">type_traits</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Use of the GNU extension namespace association converted to inline namespaces. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Preliminary support for <classname>initializer_list</classname> |
| and defaulted and deleted constructors in container classes. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| <classname>unique_ptr</classname>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Support for new character types <type>char16_t</type> |
| and <type>char32_t</type> added |
| to <classname>char_traits</classname>, <classname>basic_string</classname>, <classname>numeric_limits</classname>, |
| and assorted compile-time type traits. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Support for string conversions <function>to_string</function> |
| and <function>to_wstring</function>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Member functions taking string arguments were added to iostreams |
| including <classname>basic_filebuf</classname>, <classname>basic_ofstream</classname>, |
| and <classname>basic_ifstream</classname>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Exception propagation support, |
| including <classname>exception_ptr</classname>, <function>current_exception</function>, <function>copy_exception</function>, |
| and <function>rethrow_exception</function>. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </itemizedlist> |
| |
| |
| <para> |
| Uglification of <literal>try</literal> to <literal>__try</literal> |
| and <literal>catch</literal> to <literal>__catch</literal>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Audit of internal mutex usage, conversion to functions returning static |
| local mutex. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions |
| added: <filename class="headerfile">ext/pointer.h</filename> |
| and <filename class="headerfile">ext/extptr_allocator.h</filename>. Support |
| for non-standard pointer types has been added |
| to <classname>vector</classname> |
| and <classname>forward_list</classname>. |
| </para> |
| </section> |
| |
| <section xml:id="api.rel_450"><info><title><constant>4.5</constant></title></info> |
| |
| <para> |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| C++0X features. |
| </para> |
| |
| <itemizedlist> |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Added. |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">functional</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">future</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">random</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Updated and improved. |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| <filename class="headerfile">atomic</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">system_error</filename>, |
| <filename class="headerfile">type_traits</filename> |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| |
| <listitem> |
| <para> |
| Add support for explicit operators and standard layout types. |
| </para> |
| </listitem> |
| </itemizedlist> |
| |
| <para> |
| Profile mode first appears. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Support for decimal floating-point arithmetic, including <classname>decimal32</classname>, <classname>decimal64</classname>, and <classname>decimal128</classname>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Python pretty-printers are added for use with appropriately-advanced versions of <command>gdb</command>. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| Audit for application of function attributes notrow, const, pure, and noreturn. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> |
| The default behavior for comparing typeinfo names changed, so |
| in <filename class="headerfile">typeinfo</filename>, <literal>__GXX_MERGED_TYPEINFO_NAMES</literal> |
| now defaults to zero. |
| </para> |
| |
| <para> Extensions modified: <filename class="headerfile">ext/throw_allocator.h</filename>. |
| </para> |
| </section> |
| |
| </section> |