aenum/test.py

from __future__ import division
import sys
pyver = float('%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2])
import aenum
import doctest
import unittest
from aenum import EnumMeta, Enum, IntEnum, AutoNumberEnum, OrderedEnum, UniqueEnum, Flag, IntFlag
from aenum import NamedTuple, TupleSize, NamedConstant, constant, NoAlias, AutoNumber, AutoValue, Unique
from aenum import _reduce_ex_by_name, unique, skip, extend_enum, auto, enum, MultiValue
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import timedelta
from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
from operator import or_ as _or_, and_ as _and_, xor as _xor_, inv as _inv_
from operator import abs as _abs_, add as _add_, floordiv as _floordiv_
from operator import lshift as _lshift_, rshift as _rshift_, mod as _mod_
from operator import mul as _mul_, neg as _neg_, pos as _pos_, pow as _pow_
from operator import truediv as _truediv_, sub as _sub_
if pyver < 3:
    from operator import div as _div_
try:
    import threading
except ImportError:
    threading = None

try:
    basestring
except NameError:
    # In Python 2 basestring is the ancestor of both str and unicode
    # in Python 3 it's just str, but was missing in 3.1
    basestring = str

try:
    any
except NameError:
    def any(iterable):
        for element in iterable:
            if element:
                return True
        return False

try:
    unicode
except NameError:
    unicode = str

try:
    from enum import EnumMeta as StdlibEnumMeta, Enum as StdlibEnum
    import enum as enum_module
    if hasattr(enum_module, 'version'):
        StdlibEnumMeta = StdlibEnum = None
    del enum_module
except ImportError:
    StdlibEnumMeta = StdlibEnum = None

def load_tests(loader, tests, ignore):
    tests.addTests(doctest.DocTestSuite(aenum))
    tests.addTests(doctest.DocFileSuite(
        'doc/aenum.rst',
        package=aenum,
        optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS|doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE,
        ))
    return tests

class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        regex = getattr(self, 'assertRaisesRegex', None)
        if regex is None:
            self.assertRaisesRegex = getattr(self, 'assertRaisesRegexp')
        super(TestCase, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)

# for pickle tests
try:
    class Stooges(Enum):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception:
    Stooges = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class IntStooges(int, Enum):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception:
    IntStooges = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class FloatStooges(float, Enum):
        LARRY = 1.39
        CURLY = 2.72
        MOE = 3.142596
except Exception:
    FloatStooges = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class FlagStooges(Flag):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception as exc:
    FlagStooges = exc

try:
    LifeForm = NamedTuple('LifeForm', 'branch genus species', module=__name__)
except Exception:
    LifeForm = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class DeathForm(NamedTuple):
        color = 0
        rigidity = 1
        odor = 2
except Exception:
    DeathForm = sys.exc_info()[1]

# for pickle test and subclass tests
try:
    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
        'accepts only string values'
    class Name(StrEnum):
        BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum'
        FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw'
except Exception:
    Name = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__)
except Exception:
    Question = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because')
except Exception:
    Answer = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition')
except Exception:
    Theory = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class WhatsIt(NamedTuple):
        def what(self):
            return self[0]
    class ThatsIt(WhatsIt):
        blah = 0
        bleh = 1
except Exception:
    ThatsIt = sys.exc_info()[1]

# for doctests
try:
    class Fruit(Enum):
        tomato = 1
        banana = 2
        cherry = 3
except Exception:
    pass

def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None, protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
    start, stop = protocol
    failures = []
    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
        try:
            if target is None:
                # if isinstance(source, Enum):
                #     print('tpdl 1')
                #     assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)) is source)
                # else:
                    # print('tpdl 2')
                    assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), source)
            else:
                # print('tpdl 3')
                assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target)
        except Exception:
            exc, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:]
            failures.append('%2d: %s' %(protocol, exc))
    if failures:
        raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures))

def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj,
        protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
    start, stop = protocol
    failures = []
    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
        try:
            assertion(exception, dumps, obj, protocol=protocol)
        except Exception:
            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            failures.append('%d: %s %s' % (protocol, exc.__class__.__name__, exc))
    if failures:
        raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures))

if pyver >= 3.0:
    from aenum.test_v3 import TestEnumV3, TestOrderV3, TestNamedTupleV3
    from aenum import test_v3
    test_v3.pyver = pyver
    test_v3.IntStooges = IntStooges
    test_v3.test_pickle_exception = test_pickle_exception
    test_v3.test_pickle_dump_load = test_pickle_dump_load

# tests
class TestHelpers(TestCase):
    # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder

    def test_is_descriptor(self):
        class foo:
            pass
        for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'):
            obj = foo()
            self.assertFalse(aenum._is_descriptor(obj))
            setattr(obj, attr, 1)
            self.assertTrue(aenum._is_descriptor(obj))

    def test_is_sunder(self):
        for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'):
            self.assertTrue(aenum._is_sunder(s))

        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
            self.assertFalse(aenum._is_sunder(s))

    def test_is_dunder(self):
        for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'):
            self.assertTrue(aenum._is_dunder(s))
        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
            self.assertFalse(aenum._is_dunder(s))

    def test_auto(self):
        def tester(first, op, final, second=None):
            if second is None:
                left = auto()
                value = op(left)
                left.value = first
                self.assertEqual(value.value, final,
                        "%s %r -> %r != %r" % (op.__name__, first, value, final))
            else:
                left = first
                right = auto()
                value = op(left, right)
                right.value = second
                self.assertEqual(value.value, final,
                        "forward: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (first, op.__name__, second, value.value, final))
                left = auto()
                right = second
                value = op(left, right)
                left.value = first
                self.assertEqual(value.value, final,
                        "reversed: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (second, op.__name__, first, value.value, final))
        for args in (
                (1, _abs_, abs(1)),
                (-3, _abs_, abs(-3)),
                (1, _add_, 1+2, 2),
                (25, _floordiv_, 25 // 5, 5),
                (49, _truediv_, 49 / 9, 9),
                (6, _mod_, 6 % 9, 9),
                (5, _lshift_, 5 << 2, 2),
                (5, _rshift_, 5 >> 2, 2),
                (3, _mul_, 3 * 6, 6),
                (5, _neg_, -5),
                (-4, _pos_, +(-4)),
                (2, _pow_, 2**5, 5),
                (7, _sub_, 7 - 10, 10),
                (1, _or_, 1 | 2, 2),
                (3, _xor_, 3 ^ 6, 6),
                (3, _and_, 3 & 6, 6),
                (7, _inv_, ~7),
                ('a', _add_, 'a'+'b', 'b'),
                ('a', _mul_, 'a' * 3, 3),
                ):
            tester(*args)
        # operator.div is gone in 3
        if pyver < 3:
            tester(12, _div_, 12 // 5, 5)
        # strings are a pain
        left = auto()
        right = 'eggs'
        value = _mod_(left, right)
        left.value = 'I see 17 %s!'
        self.assertEqual(value.value, 'I see 17 %s!' % 'eggs')

    def test_constant(self):
        errors = []
        def tester(first, op, final, second=None):
            if second is None:
                primary = constant(first)
                secondary = constant(op(primary))
                if secondary.value != final:
                    errors.append(
                        "%s %r -> %r != %r" % (op.__name__, first, secondary.value, final),
                        )
            else:
                left = constant(first)
                right = second
                value = op(left, right)
                if value != final:
                    errors.append(
                        "forward: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (first, op.__name__, second, value, final),
                        )
                left = first
                right = constant(second)
                value = op(left, right)
                if value != final:
                    errors.append(
                        "reversed: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (second, op.__name__, first, value, final),
                        )
        for args in (
                (1, _abs_, abs(1)),
                (-3, _abs_, abs(-3)),
                (1, _add_, 1+2, 2),
                (25, _floordiv_, 25 // 5, 5),
                (49, _truediv_, 49 / 9, 9),
                (6, _mod_, 6 % 9, 9),
                (5, _lshift_, 5 << 2, 2),
                (5, _rshift_, 5 >> 2, 2),
                (3, _mul_, 3 * 6, 6),
                (5, _neg_, -5),
                (-4, _pos_, +(-4)),
                (2, _pow_, 2**5, 5),
                (7, _sub_, 7 - 10, 10),
                (1, _or_, 1 | 2, 2),
                (3, _xor_, 3 ^ 6, 6),
                (3, _and_, 3 & 6, 6),
                (7, _inv_, ~7),
                ('a', _add_, 'a'+'b', 'b'),
                ('a', _mul_, 'a' * 3, 3),
                ):
            tester(*args)
        # operator.div is gone in 3
        if pyver < 3:
            tester(12, _div_, 12 // 5, 5)
        # strings are a pain
        left = constant('I see 17 %s!')
        right = 'eggs'
        value = _mod_(left, right)
        if value != 'I see 17 %s!' % 'eggs':
            errors.append("'I see 17 eggs!' != %r" % value)
        if errors:
            print()
            for error in errors:
                print(error)
            self.assertTrue(False)


class TestEnum(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = 3
            WINTER = 4
        self.Season = Season

        class Konstants(float, Enum):
            E = 2.7182818
            PI = 3.1415926
            TAU = 2 * PI
        self.Konstants = Konstants

        class Grades(IntEnum):
            A = 5
            B = 4
            C = 3
            D = 2
            F = 0
        self.Grades = Grades

        class Directional(str, Enum):
            EAST = 'east'
            WEST = 'west'
            NORTH = 'north'
            SOUTH = 'south'
        self.Directional = Directional

        from datetime import date
        class Holiday(date, Enum):
            NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1
            IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15
        self.Holiday = Holiday

    def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_ordered(self):
        class Ordered(Enum):
            __order__ = 'first second third'
            first = 'bippity'
            second = 'boppity'
            third = 'boo'
        self.assertTrue(type(Ordered.__members__) is OrderedDict)

    def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_not_ordered(self):
        class Unordered(Enum):
            this = 'that'
            these = 'those'
        self.assertTrue(type(Unordered.__members__) is OrderedDict)

    def test_enum_in_enum_out(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertTrue(Season(Season.WINTER) is Season.WINTER)

    def test_enum_value(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)

    def test_intenum_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2)

    def test_enum(self):
        Season = self.Season
        lst = list(Season)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season))
        self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season)
        self.assertEqual(
            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst)

        for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = Season(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season))
            self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, season)
            self.assertTrue(e in Season)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is Season)
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Season))
            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season)
            self.assertEqual(
                    repr(e),
                    '<Season.%s: %s>' % (season, i),
                    )
    def test_enum_helper(self):
        e1 = enum(1, 2, three=9)
        e2 = enum(1, 2, three=9)
        e3 = enum(1, 2, 9)
        self.assertTrue(e1 is not e2)
        self.assertEqual(e1, e2)
        self.assertNotEqual(e1, e3)
        self.assertNotEqual(e2, e3)

    def test_value_name(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING')
        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
        def set_name(obj, new_value):
            obj.name = new_value
        def set_value(obj, new_value):
            obj.value = new_value
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_name, Season.SPRING, 'invierno', )
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_value, Season.SPRING, 2)

    def test_attribute_deletion(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = 3
            WINTER = 4

            def spam(cls):
                pass

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
        del Season.spam
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))

        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'SPRING')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'DRY')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season.SPRING, 'name')

    def test_bool_of_class(self):
        class Empty(Enum):
            pass
        self.assertTrue(bool(Empty))

    def test_bool_of_member(self):
        class Count(Enum):
            zero = 0
            one = 1
            two = 2
        for member in Count:
            self.assertTrue(bool(member))

    def test_invalid_names(self):
        def create_bad_class_1():
            class Wrong(Enum):
                mro = 9
        def create_bad_class_2():
            class Wrong(Enum):
                _reserved_ = 3
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_2)

    def test_bool(self):
        class Logic(Enum):
            true = True
            false = False
            def __bool__(self):
                return bool(self.value)
            __nonzero__ = __bool__
        self.assertTrue(Logic.true)
        self.assertFalse(Logic.false)

    def test_contains(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertTrue(Season.AUTUMN in Season)
        self.assertTrue(3 not in Season)

        val = Season(3)
        self.assertTrue(val in Season)

        class OtherEnum(Enum):
            one = 1; two = 2
        self.assertTrue(OtherEnum.two not in Season)

    if pyver >= 2.6:     # when `format` came into being

        def test_format_enum(self):
            Season = self.Season
            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual( '{0:}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                              '{0:}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:^20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:^20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:>20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:>20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:<20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:<20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))

        def test_format_enum_custom(self):
            class TestFloat(float, Enum):
                one = 1.0
                two = 2.0
                def __format__(self, spec):
                    return 'TestFloat success!'
            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat success!')

        def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member):
            self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value))

        def test_format_enum_date(self):
            Holiday = self.Holiday
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m %M:00}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)

        def test_format_enum_float(self):
            Konstants = self.Konstants
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:n}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:5.2}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:f}', Konstants.TAU)

        def test_format_enum_int(self):
            Grades = self.Grades
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:+}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:08X}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:b}', Grades.C)

        def test_format_enum_str(self):
            Directional = self.Directional
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Directional.WEST)

    def test_hash(self):
        Season = self.Season
        dates = {}
        dates[Season.WINTER] = '1225'
        dates[Season.SPRING] = '0315'
        dates[Season.SUMMER] = '0704'
        dates[Season.AUTUMN] = '1031'
        self.assertEqual(dates[Season.AUTUMN], '1031')

    def test_enum_duplicates(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            __order__ = "SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER"
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = FALL = 3
            WINTER = 4
            ANOTHER_SPRING = 1
        lst = list(Season)
        self.assertEqual(
            lst,
            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER,
             Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER,
            ])
        self.assertTrue(Season.FALL is Season.AUTUMN)
        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3)
        self.assertTrue(Season(3) is Season.AUTUMN)
        self.assertTrue(Season(1) is Season.SPRING)
        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN')
        self.assertEqual(
                set([k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k]),
                set(['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING']),
                )

    def test_enum_with_value_name(self):
        class Huh(Enum):
            _order_ = 'name value'
            name = 1
            value = 2
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Huh),
            [Huh.name, Huh.value],
            )
        self.assertTrue(type(Huh.name) is Huh)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name')
        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1)

    def test_intenum_from_scratch(self):
        class phy(int, Enum):
            pi = 3
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_intenum_inherited(self):
        class IntEnum(int, Enum):
            pass
        class phy(IntEnum):
            pi = 3
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_floatenum_from_scratch(self):
        class phy(float, Enum):
            pi = 3.1415926
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_floatenum_inherited(self):
        class FloatEnum(float, Enum):
            pass
        class phy(FloatEnum):
            pi = 3.1415926
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_strenum_from_scratch(self):
        class phy(str, Enum):
            pi = 'Pi'
            tau = 'Tau'
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_strenum_inherited(self):
        class StrEnum(str, Enum):
            pass
        class phy(StrEnum):
            pi = 'Pi'
            tau = 'Tau'
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_intenum(self):
        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
            SUNDAY = 1
            MONDAY = 2
            TUESDAY = 3
            WEDNESDAY = 4
            THURSDAY = 5
            FRIDAY = 6
            SATURDAY = 7

        self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c')
        self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2])

        lst = list(WeekDay)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay))
        self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7)
        target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
        target = target.split()
        for i, weekday in enumerate(target):
            i += 1
            e = WeekDay(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e), i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday)
            self.assertTrue(e in WeekDay)
            self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i)
            self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is WeekDay)
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Enum))

    def test_intenum_duplicates(self):
        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
            __order__ = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
            SUNDAY = 1
            MONDAY = 2
            TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3
            WEDNESDAY = 4
            THURSDAY = 5
            FRIDAY = 6
            SATURDAY = 7
        self.assertTrue(WeekDay.TEUSDAY is WeekDay.TUESDAY)
        self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY')
        self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items()
                if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ])

    def test_floatenum_fromhex(self):
        h = float.hex(FloatStooges.MOE.value)
        self.assertIs(FloatStooges.fromhex(h), FloatStooges.MOE)
        h = float.hex(FloatStooges.MOE.value + 0.01)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            FloatStooges.fromhex(h)

    def test_pickle_enum(self):
        if isinstance(Stooges, Exception):
            raise Stooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges)

    def test_pickle_int(self):
        if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception):
            raise IntStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges)

    def test_pickle_float(self):
        if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception):
            raise FloatStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges)

    def test_pickle_enum_function(self):
        if isinstance(Answer, Exception):
            raise Answer
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer.him)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer)

    def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self):
        if isinstance(Question, Exception):
            raise Question
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question.who)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question)

    def test_pickle_by_name(self):
        class ReplaceGlobalInt(IntEnum):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
        ReplaceGlobalInt.__reduce_ex__ = _reduce_ex_by_name
        for proto in range(HIGHEST_PROTOCOL):
            self.assertEqual(ReplaceGlobalInt.TWO.__reduce_ex__(proto), 'TWO')

    def test_exploding_pickle(self):
        BadPickle = Enum('BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter')
        aenum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle)
        globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle)

    def test_string_enum(self):
        class SkillLevel(str, Enum):
            master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?'
            journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?'
            apprentice = 'knock, knock!'
        self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!')

    def test_getattr_getitem(self):
        class Period(Enum):
            morning = 1
            noon = 2
            evening = 3
            night = 4
        self.assertTrue(Period(2) is Period.noon)
        self.assertTrue(getattr(Period, 'night') is Period.night)
        self.assertTrue(Period['morning'] is Period.morning)

    def test_getattr_dunder(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__hash__'))

    def test_iteration_order(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            __order__ = 'SUMMER WINTER AUTUMN SPRING'
            SUMMER = 2
            WINTER = 4
            AUTUMN = 3
            SPRING = 1
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Season),
                [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING],
                )

    def test_iteration_order_reversed(self):
        self.assertEqual(
                list(reversed(self.Season)),
                [self.Season.WINTER, self.Season.AUTUMN, self.Season.SUMMER,
                 self.Season.SPRING]
                )

    def test_iteration_order_with_unorderable_values(self):
        class Complex(Enum):
            a = complex(7, 9)
            b = complex(3.14, 2)
            c = complex(1, -1)
            d = complex(-77, 32)
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Complex),
                [Complex.a, Complex.b, Complex.c, Complex.d],
                )

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', start=10)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 10):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'])
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'], start=20)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 20):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                dict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        if pyver < 3.0:
            self.assertEqual(
                    [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                    lst,
                    )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int, start=30)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 30):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self):
        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', start=40)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 40):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'))
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_list(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', [unicode('june'), unicode('july'), unicode('august')])
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_iterable(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                ((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_from_unicode_dict(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                dict(((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3)))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        if pyver < 3.0:
            self.assertEqual(
                    [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                    lst,
                    )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_type(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'), type=int)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_type_from_subclass(self):
        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'))
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programmatic_function_unicode_class(self):
        if pyver < 3.0:
            class_names = unicode('SummerMonth'), 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'.decode('latin1')
        else:
            class_names = 'SummerMonth', 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'
        for i, class_name in enumerate(class_names):
            if pyver < 3.0 and i == 1:
                self.assertRaises(TypeError, Enum, class_name, unicode('june july august'))
            else:
                SummerMonth = Enum(class_name, unicode('june july august'))
                lst = list(SummerMonth)
                self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
                self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
                self.assertEqual(
                        [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                        lst,
                        )
                for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
                    i += 1
                    e = SummerMonth(i)
                    self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
                    self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
                    self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
                    self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_subclassing(self):
        if isinstance(Name, Exception):
            raise Name
        self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum')
        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum'))
        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL is getattr(Name, 'BDFL'))
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Name.BDFL)

    def test_extending(self):
        def bad_extension():
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
            class MoreColor(Color):
                cyan = 4
                magenta = 5
                yellow = 6
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension)

    def test_exclude_methods(self):
        class whatever(Enum):
            this = 'that'
            these = 'those'
            def really(self):
                return 'no, not %s' % self.value
        self.assertFalse(type(whatever.really) is whatever)
        self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that')

    def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
        def wrong_inherit():
            class Wrong(Enum, str):
                NotHere = 'error before this point'
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, wrong_inherit)

    def test_intenum_transitivity(self):
        class number(IntEnum):
            one = 1
            two = 2
            three = 3
        class numero(IntEnum):
            uno = 1
            dos = 2
            tres = 3
        self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno)
        self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos)
        self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres)

    def test_introspection(self):
        class Number(IntEnum):
            one = 100
            two = 200
        self.assertTrue(Number.one._member_type_ is int)
        self.assertTrue(Number._member_type_ is int)
        class String(str, Enum):
            yarn = 'soft'
            rope = 'rough'
            wire = 'hard'
        self.assertTrue(String.yarn._member_type_ is str)
        self.assertTrue(String._member_type_ is str)
        class Plain(Enum):
            vanilla = 'white'
            one = 1
        self.assertTrue(Plain.vanilla._member_type_ is object)
        self.assertTrue(Plain._member_type_ is object)

    def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self):
        class Monochrome(Enum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(Enum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)

    def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self):
        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(Enum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)

    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self):
        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(IntEnum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.female) is Monochrome.white)

    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self):
        class Monochrome(Enum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(IntEnum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.male) is Monochrome.black)

    def test_flufl_enum(self):
        class Fluflnum(Enum):
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self.value)
        class MailManOptions(Fluflnum):
            option1 = 1
            option2 = 2
            option3 = 3
        self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1)

    def test_no_such_enum_member(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Color, 4)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, Color.__getitem__, 'chartreuse')

    def test_new_repr(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            def __repr__(self):
                return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(Color.blue),
                "don't you just love shades of blue?",
                )

    def test_inherited_repr(self):
        class MyEnum(Enum):
            def __repr__(self):
                return "My name is %s." % self.name
        class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum):
            this = 1
            that = 2
            theother = 3
        self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.")

    def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self):
        class auto_enum(EnumMeta):
            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
                original_dict = classdict
                temp_dict = metacls.__prepare__(cls, bases, {})
                if hasattr(original_dict, '_member_names'):
                    for k in original_dict._member_names:
                        temp_dict[k] = original_dict[k]
                    sunders = [k for k in original_dict.keys() if aenum._is_sunder(k)]
                else:
                    sunders = []
                    for k, v in original_dict.items():
                        if aenum._is_sunder(k):
                            sunders.append(k)
                        temp_dict[k] = v
                classdict = metacls.__prepare__(cls, bases, {})
                i = 0
                for k in sunders:
                    classdict[k] = original_dict[k]
                for k in temp_dict._member_names:
                    v = original_dict[k]
                    if v == ():
                        v = i
                    else:
                        i = v
                    i += 1
                    classdict[k] = v
                for k, v in original_dict.items():
                    if k not in temp_dict._member_names and k not in sunders:
                        classdict[k] = v
                return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__(
                        metacls, cls, bases, classdict)

        AutoNumberedEnum = auto_enum('AutoNumberedEnum', (Enum,), {})

        AutoIntEnum = auto_enum('AutoIntEnum', (IntEnum,), {})

        class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum):
            a = ()
            b = 3
            c = ()
        self.assertEqual(TestAutoNumber.b.value, 3)

        if pyver >= 3.0:
            self.assertEqual(
                [TestAutoNumber.a.value, TestAutoNumber.b.value, TestAutoNumber.c.value],
                [0, 3, 4],
                )

        class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum):
            a = ()
            b = 3
            c = ()
        self.assertEqual(TestAutoInt.b, 3)

        if pyver >= 3.0:
            self.assertEqual(
                [TestAutoInt.a.value, TestAutoInt.b.value, TestAutoInt.c.value],
                [0, 3, 4],
                )

    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'  # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                if len(args) < 1:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __getnewargs__(self):
                return self._args
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'  # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)

        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)

    def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                if len(args) < 1:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __reduce__(self):
                return self.__class__, self._args
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)

    def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                if len(args) < 1:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
                return self.__class__, self._args
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)

    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)

        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, NEI.x)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support_using_name(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)
            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
                return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_)

        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI)

    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
        class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple'
            first = (1, 'for the money')
            second = (2, 'for the show')
            third = (3, 'for the music')
        self.assertTrue(type(SomeTuple.first) is SomeTuple)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple))
        self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music'))
        globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, SomeTuple.first)

    def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self):
        class NumericEnum(AutoNumberEnum):
            __order__ = 'enum_m enum_d enum_y'
            enum_m = ()
            enum_d = ()
            enum_y = ()
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self._value_)
        self.assertEqual(int(NumericEnum.enum_d), 2)
        self.assertEqual(NumericEnum.enum_y.value, 3)
        self.assertTrue(NumericEnum(1) is NumericEnum.enum_m)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(NumericEnum),
            [NumericEnum.enum_m, NumericEnum.enum_d, NumericEnum.enum_y],
            )

    def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self):
        class AutoNumber2(Enum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self._value_)
        class Color(AutoNumber2):
            __order__ = 'red green blue'
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3))
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
        if pyver >= 3.0:
            self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])

    def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self):
        class AutoNumber3(IntEnum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
        class Color(AutoNumber3):
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3))
        Color.red
        Color.green
        Color.blue

    def test_equality(self):
        class AlwaysEqual:
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return True
        class OrdinaryEnum(Enum):
            a = 1
        self.assertEqual(AlwaysEqual(), OrdinaryEnum.a)
        self.assertEqual(OrdinaryEnum.a, AlwaysEqual())

    def test_ordered_mixin(self):
        class Grade(OrderedEnum):
            __order__ = 'A B C D F'
            A = 5
            B = 4
            C = 3
            D = 2
            F = 1
        self.assertEqual(list(Grade), [Grade.A, Grade.B, Grade.C, Grade.D, Grade.F])
        self.assertTrue(Grade.A > Grade.B)
        self.assertTrue(Grade.F <= Grade.C)
        self.assertTrue(Grade.D < Grade.A)
        self.assertTrue(Grade.B >= Grade.B)

    def test_missing_deprecated(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            AnyApple = 0
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_(cls, name):
                return cls.AnyApple

        self.assertEqual(Label.AnyApple, Label(4))
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label['redapple']

    def test_missing(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            AnyApple = 0
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_value_(cls, name):
                return cls.AnyApple

        self.assertEqual(Label.AnyApple, Label(4))
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label['redapple']

    def test_missing_name(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_name_(cls, name):
                for member in cls:
                    if member.name.lower() == name.lower():
                        return member

        Label['redapple']
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Label('redapple')

    def test_missing_name_bad_return(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_name_(cls, name):
                return None

        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Label('redapple')
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label['redapple']

    def test_extending2(self):
        def bad_extension():
            class Shade(Enum):
                def shade(self):
                    print(self.name)
            class Color(Shade):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
            class MoreColor(Color):
                cyan = 4
                magenta = 5
                yellow = 6
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension)

    def test_extending3(self):
        class Shade(Enum):
            def shade(self):
                return self.name
        class Color(Shade):
            def hex(self):
                return '%s hexlified!' % self.value
        class MoreColor(Color):
            cyan = 4
            magenta = 5
            yellow = 6
        self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!')

    def test_extend_enum_plain(self):
        class Color(UniqueEnum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        extend_enum(Color, 'brown', 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.name, 'brown')
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.value, 4)
        self.assertTrue(Color.brown in Color)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)

    def test_extend_enum_shadow(self):
        class Color(UniqueEnum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        extend_enum(Color, 'value', 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.value.name, 'value')
        self.assertEqual(Color.value.value, 4)
        self.assertTrue(Color.value in Color)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)

    def test_extend_intenum(self):
        class Index(Enum):
            DeviceType    = 0x1000
            ErrorRegister = 0x1001

        for name, value in (
                ('ControlWord', 0x6040),
                ('StatusWord', 0x6041),
                ('OperationMode', 0x6060),
                ):
            extend_enum(Index, name, value)

        self.assertEqual(len(Index), 5)
        self.assertEqual(list(Index), [Index.DeviceType, Index.ErrorRegister, Index.ControlWord, Index.StatusWord, Index.OperationMode])
        self.assertEqual(Index.DeviceType.value, 0x1000)
        self.assertEqual(Index.StatusWord.value, 0x6041)

    def test_no_duplicates(self):
        def bad_duplicates():
            class Color1(UniqueEnum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
            class Color2(UniqueEnum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                grene = 2
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad_duplicates)

    def test_no_duplicates_kinda(self):
        class Silly(UniqueEnum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            name = 3
        class Sillier(IntEnum, UniqueEnum):
            single = 1
            name = 2
            triple = 3
            value = 4

    def test_init(self):
        class Planet(Enum):
            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
            def __init__(self, mass, radius):
                self.mass = mass       # in kilograms
                self.radius = radius   # in meters
            @property
            def surface_gravity(self):
                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
                G = 6.67300E-11
                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))

        @skip
        def test_init_and_autonumber(self):
            pass

        @skip
        def test_init_and_autonumber_and_value(self):
            pass

    def test_no_init_and_autonumber(self):
        class DocEnum(str, Enum):
            """
            compares equal to all cased versions of its name
            accepts a docstring for each member
            """
            _settings_ = AutoNumber
            def __init__(self, value, doc=None):
                # first, fix _value_
                self._value_ = self._name_.lower()
                self.__doc__ = doc
            def __eq__(self, other):
                if isinstance(other, basestring):
                    return self._value_ == other.lower()
                elif isinstance(other, self.__class__):
                    return self is other
                else:
                    return False
            def __ne__(self, other):
                return not self == other
            REQUIRED = "required value"
            OPTION = "single value per name"
            MULTI = "multiple values per name (list form, no whitespace)"
            FLAG = "boolean/trivalent value per name"
            KEYWORD = 'unknown options'
        self.assertEqual(DocEnum.REQUIRED, 'required')
        self.assertEqual(DocEnum.REQUIRED, 'Required')
        self.assertEqual(DocEnum.REQUIRED, 'REQUIRED')

    def test_nonhash_value(self):
        class AutoNumberInAList(Enum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1]
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
        class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList):
            __order__ = 'red green blue'
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue])
        self.assertEqual(ColorInAList.red.value, [1])
        self.assertEqual(ColorInAList([1]), ColorInAList.red)

    def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self):
        class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum):
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                value, label = args
                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                obj.label = label
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj

        class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum):
            unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed")
            payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete")

        self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1)
        self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed)
        self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete])

    def test_auto_number(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 3)

    def test_auto_name(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')

    def test_auto_name_inherit(self):
        class AutoNameEnum(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
        class Color(AutoNameEnum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')

    def test_auto_garbage(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue'
            red = 'red'
            blue = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 1)

    def test_auto_garbage_corrected(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = 'red'
            blue = 2
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 3)

    def test_duplicate_auto(self):
        class Dupes(Enum):
            _order_ = 'first second third'
            first = primero = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
        self.assertEqual([Dupes.first, Dupes.second, Dupes.third], list(Dupes))

    def test_auto_value_with_auto(self):

        class SelectionEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'db user'
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                count = len(cls.__members__)
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._count = count
                obj._value_ = args
                obj.db, obj.user = args
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args

        class Test(SelectionEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that'
            this = auto('these')
            that = auto('those')

        self.assertEqual(list(Test), [Test.this, Test.that])
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.name, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.value, ('this', 'these'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.db, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.user, 'these')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.name, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.value, ('that', 'those'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.db, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.user, 'those')

    def test_auto_value_with_autovalue(self):

        class SelectionEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'db user'
            _settings_ = AutoValue
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                count = len(cls.__members__)
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._count = count
                obj._value_ = args
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args

        class Test(SelectionEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that'
            this = 'these'
            that = 'those'

        self.assertEqual(list(Test), [Test.this, Test.that])
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.name, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.value, ('this', 'these'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.db, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.user, 'these')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.name, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.value, ('that', 'those'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.db, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.user, 'those')

    def test_empty_with_functional_api(self):
        empty = aenum.IntEnum('Foo', {})
        self.assertEqual(len(empty), 0)

    def test_auto_init(self):
        class Planet(Enum):
            _init_ = 'mass radius'
            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
            @property
            def surface_gravity(self):
                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
                G = 6.67300E-11
                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))

    def test_auto_init_with_value(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _init_='value, rgb'
            RED = 1, (1, 0, 0)
            BLUE = 2, (0, 1, 0)
            GREEN = 3, (0, 0, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.rgb, (1, 0, 0))
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.rgb, (0, 1, 0))
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.rgb, (0, 0, 1))

    def test_settings(self):
        class Settings(Enum):
            _settings_ = NoAlias
            red = 1
            rojo = 1
        self.assertFalse(Settings.red is Settings.rojo)

    def test_auto_and_init(self):
        class Field(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START'
            _init_ = '__doc__'
            _settings_ = AutoNumber
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')

    def test_auto_and_start(self):
        class Field(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START'
            _start_ = 0
            _init_ = '__doc__'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 0)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')

    def test_auto_and_init_and_some_values(self):
        class Field(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
            _init_ = '__doc__'
            _settings_ = AutoNumber
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
            BLAH = 5, "test blah"
            BELCH = 'test belch'
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.__doc__, 'test blah')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.__doc__, 'test belch')

    def test_auto_and_init_and_some_complex_values(self):
        class Field(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
            _init_ = '__doc__ help'
            _settings_ = AutoNumber
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc.", "fields composed of character data"
            START = "Field offset in record", "where the data starts in the record"
            BLAH = 5, "test blah", "some help"
            BELCH = 'test belch', "some more help"
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.__doc__, 'test blah')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.__doc__, 'test belch')
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.help, "fields composed of character data")
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.help, "where the data starts in the record")
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.help, "some help")
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.help, "some more help")

    def test_auto_and_init_inherited(self):
        class AutoEnum(IntEnum):
            _start_ = 0
            _init_ = '__doc__'
        class Field(AutoEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
            BLAH = 5, "test blah"
            BELCH = 'test belch'
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 0)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.__doc__, 'test blah')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.__doc__, 'test belch')

    def test_AutoNumberEnum_and_property(self):
        class Color(aenum.AutoNumberEnum):
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
            @property
            def cap_name(self):
                return self.name.title()
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.cap_name, 'Blue')

    def test_AutoNumberEnum(self):
        class Color(aenum.AutoNumberEnum):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 3)

    def test_MultiValue_with_init(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _init_ = 'color r g b'
            _settings_ = MultiValue
            red = 'red', 1, 2, 3
            green = 'green', 4, 5, 6
            blue = 'blue', 7, 8, 9
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.r, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.g, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.b, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.r, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.g, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.b, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.r, 7)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.g, 8)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.b, 9)

    def test_combine_new_settings_with_old_settings(self):
        class Auto(Enum):
            _settings_ = Unique
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class AutoUnique(Auto):
                _settings_ = AutoNumber
                BLAH = ()
                BLUH = ()
                ICK = 1

    def test_timedelta(self):
        class Period(timedelta, Enum):
            '''
            different lengths of time
            '''
            _init_ = 'value period'
            _settings_ = NoAlias
            _ignore_ = 'Period i'
            Period = vars()
            for i in range(31):
                Period['day_%d' % i] = i, 'day'
            for i in range(15):
                Period['week_%d' % i] = i*7, 'week'
            for i in range(12):
                Period['month_%d' % i] = i*30, 'month'
            OneDay = day_1
            OneWeek = week_1
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, '_ignore_'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, 'Period'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, 'i'))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Period.day_1, timedelta))

    def test_skip(self):
        class enumA(Enum):
            @skip
            class enumB(Enum):
                elementA = 'a'
                elementB = 'b'
            @skip
            class enumC(Enum):
                elementC = 'c'
                elementD = 'd'
        self.assertIs(enumA.enumB, enumA.__dict__['enumB'])

    def test_constantness_of_constants(self):
        class Universe(Enum):
            PI = constant(3.141596)
            G = constant(6.67300E-11)
        self.assertEqual(Universe.PI, 3.141596)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'cannot rebind constant', setattr, Universe, 'PI', 9)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'cannot delete constant', delattr, Universe, 'PI')

    def test_math_and_stuff_with_constants(self):
        class Universe(Enum):
            PI = constant(3.141596)
            TAU = constant(2 * PI)
        self.assertEqual(Universe.PI, 3.141596)
        self.assertEqual(Universe.TAU, 2 * Universe.PI)

    if StdlibEnumMeta is not None:
        def test_stdlib_inheritence(self):
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.Season, StdlibEnumMeta))
            self.assertTrue(issubclass(self.Season, StdlibEnum))


class TestFlag(TestCase):
    """Tests of the Flags."""

    class Perm(Flag):
        R, W, X = 4, 2, 1

    class Open(Flag):
        RO = 0
        WO = 1
        RW = 2
        AC = 3
        CE = 1<<19

    def test_str(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R), 'Perm.R')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.W), 'Perm.W')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.X), 'Perm.X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W), 'Perm.R|W')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), 'Perm.R|W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(0)), 'Perm.0')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.R), 'Perm.W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.W), 'Perm.R|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.X), 'Perm.R|W')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), 'Perm.X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), 'Perm.0')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(~0)), 'Perm.R|W|X')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO), 'Open.RO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO), 'Open.WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.AC), 'Open.AC')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO | Open.CE), 'Open.CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO | Open.CE), 'Open.CE|WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.RO), 'Open.CE|AC|RW|WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.WO), 'Open.CE|RW')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.AC), 'Open.CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), 'Open.AC')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), 'Open.RW')

    def test_repr(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.W), '<Perm.W: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.X), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(0)), '<Perm.0: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.R), '<Perm.W|X: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.W), '<Perm.R|X: 5>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '<Perm.0: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(~0)), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO), '<Open.WO: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.AC), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE|WO: 524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.RO), '<Open.CE|AC|RW|WO: 524291>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.WO), '<Open.CE|RW: 524290>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.AC), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '<Open.RW: 2>')

    def test_or(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual((i | j), Perm(i.value | j.value))
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i | i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO | Open.CE, Open.CE)

    def test_and(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            for j in values:
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i & i, i)
            self.assertIs(i & RWX, i)
            self.assertIs(RWX & i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO & Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_xor(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i ^ Perm(0), i)
            self.assertIs(Perm(0) ^ i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO ^ Open.CE, Open.CE)
        self.assertIs(Open.CE ^ Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_invert(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            self.assertIs(type(~i), Perm)
            self.assertEqual(~~i, i)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(~~i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.WO & ~Open.WO, Open.RO)
        self.assertIs((Open.WO|Open.CE) & ~Open.WO, Open.CE)

    def test_bool(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(f)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Open:
            self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', 'R W X')
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', 'R W X', start=8)
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 8<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', ['R', 'W', 'X'])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', (('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32)))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', OrderedDict((('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32))))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_pickle(self):
        if isinstance(FlagStooges, Exception):
            raise FlagStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStooges.CURLY|FlagStooges.MOE)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStooges)

    def test_containment(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        R, W, X = Perm
        RW = R | W
        RX = R | X
        WX = W | X
        RWX = R | W | X
        self.assertTrue(R in RW)
        self.assertTrue(R in RX)
        self.assertTrue(R in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RW)
        self.assertTrue(W in WX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RX)
        self.assertTrue(X in WX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RWX)
        self.assertFalse(R in WX)
        self.assertFalse(W in RX)
        self.assertFalse(X in RW)

    def test_auto_number(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 4)

    def test_auto_number_garbage(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'Invalid Flag value: .not an int.'):
            class Color(Flag):
                _order_ = 'red blue'
                red = 'not an int'
                blue = auto()

    def test_cascading_failure(self):
        class Bizarre(Flag):
            c = 3
            d = 4
            f = 6
        # Bizarre.c | Bizarre.d
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "5 is not a valid Bizarre", Bizarre, 5)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "5 is not a valid Bizarre", Bizarre, 5)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "2 is not a valid Bizarre", Bizarre, 2)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "2 is not a valid Bizarre", Bizarre, 2)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "1 is not a valid Bizarre", Bizarre, 1)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "1 is not a valid Bizarre", Bizarre, 1)

    def test_duplicate_auto(self):
        class Dupes(Enum):
            _order_ = 'first second third'
            first = primero = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
        self.assertEqual([Dupes.first, Dupes.second, Dupes.third], list(Dupes))

    def test_bizarre(self):
        class Bizarre(Flag):
            b = 3
            c = 4
            d = 6
        self.assertEqual(repr(Bizarre(7)), '<Bizarre.d|c|b: 7>')

    @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
    def test_unique_composite(self):
        # override __eq__ to be identity only
        class TestFlag(Flag):
            _order_ = 'one two three four five six seven eight'
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
            three = auto()
            four = auto()
            five = auto()
            six = auto()
            seven = auto()
            eight = auto()
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self is other
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self._value_)
        # have multiple threads competing to complete the composite members
        seen = set()
        failed = [False]
        def cycle_enum():
            # nonlocal failed
            try:
                for i in range(256):
                    seen.add(TestFlag(i))
            except Exception:
                failed[0] = True
        threads = [
                threading.Thread(target=cycle_enum)
                for _ in range(8)
                ]
        for t in threads:
            t.start()
        for t in threads:
            t.join()
        # check that only 248 members were created (8 were created originally)
        self.assertFalse(
                failed[0],
                'at least one thread failed while creating composite members')
        self.assertEqual(256, len(seen), 'too many composite members created')


class TestIntFlag(TestCase):
    """Tests of the IntFlags."""

    class Perm(IntFlag):
        X = 1 << 0
        W = 1 << 1
        R = 1 << 2

    class Open(IntFlag):
        RO = 0
        WO = 1
        RW = 2
        AC = 3
        CE = 1<<19

    def test_type(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, Perm))
            self.assertEqual(f, f.value)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Perm.W | Perm.X, Perm))
        self.assertEqual(Perm.W | Perm.X, 3)
        for f in Open:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, Open))
            self.assertEqual(f, f.value)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Open.WO | Open.RW, Open))
        self.assertEqual(Open.WO | Open.RW, 3)


    def test_str(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R), 'Perm.R')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.W), 'Perm.W')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.X), 'Perm.X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W), 'Perm.R|W')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), 'Perm.R|W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | 8), 'Perm.8|R')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(0)), 'Perm.0')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(8)), 'Perm.8')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.R), 'Perm.W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.W), 'Perm.R|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.X), 'Perm.R|W')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), 'Perm.X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), 'Perm.-8')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | 8)), 'Perm.W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(~0)), 'Perm.R|W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(~8)), 'Perm.R|W|X')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO), 'Open.RO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO), 'Open.WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.AC), 'Open.AC')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO | Open.CE), 'Open.CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO | Open.CE), 'Open.CE|WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open(4)), 'Open.4')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.RO), 'Open.CE|AC|RW|WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.WO), 'Open.CE|RW')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.AC), 'Open.CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), 'Open.AC|RW|WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), 'Open.RW')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open(~4)), 'Open.CE|AC|RW|WO')

    def test_repr(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.W), '<Perm.W: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.X), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | 8), '<Perm.8|R: 12>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(0)), '<Perm.0: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(8)), '<Perm.8: 8>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.R), '<Perm.W|X: -5>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.W), '<Perm.R|X: -3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W: -2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '<Perm.X: -7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '<Perm.-8: -8>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | 8)), '<Perm.W|X: -13>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(~0)), '<Perm.R|W|X: -1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(~8)), '<Perm.R|W|X: -9>')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO), '<Open.WO: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.AC), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE|WO: 524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open(4)), '<Open.4: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.RO), '<Open.CE|AC|RW|WO: -1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.WO), '<Open.CE|RW: -2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.AC), '<Open.CE: -4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '<Open.AC|RW|WO: -524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '<Open.RW: -524290>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open(~4)), '<Open.CE|AC|RW|WO: -5>')

    def test_or(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual(i | j, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i | j, i.value | j)
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j | i, j | i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j | i).value, j | i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j | i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i | i, i)
            self.assertIs(i | 0, i)
            self.assertIs(0 | i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO | Open.CE, Open.CE)

    def test_and(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            for j in values:
                self.assertEqual(i & j, i.value & j.value, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j.value, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i & j, i.value & j)
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j)
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j & i, j & i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j & i).value, j & i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j & i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i & i, i)
            self.assertIs(i & 7, i)
            self.assertIs(7 & i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO & Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_xor(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual(i ^ j, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i ^ j, i.value ^ j)
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j ^ i, j ^ i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j ^ i).value, j ^ i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j ^ i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i ^ 0, i)
            self.assertIs(0 ^ i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO ^ Open.CE, Open.CE)
        self.assertIs(Open.CE ^ Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_invert(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            self.assertEqual(~i, ~i.value)
            self.assertEqual((~i).value, ~i.value)
            self.assertIs(type(~i), Perm)
            self.assertEqual(~~i, i)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(~~i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.WO & ~Open.WO, Open.RO)
        self.assertIs((Open.WO|Open.CE) & ~Open.WO, Open.CE)

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', 'R W X')
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', 'R W X', start=8)
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 8<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', ['R', 'W', 'X'])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', (('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32)))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', OrderedDict((('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32))))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)


    def test_containment(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        R, W, X = Perm
        RW = R | W
        RX = R | X
        WX = W | X
        RWX = R | W | X
        self.assertTrue(R in RW)
        self.assertTrue(R in RX)
        self.assertTrue(R in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RW)
        self.assertTrue(W in WX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RX)
        self.assertTrue(X in WX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RWX)
        self.assertFalse(R in WX)
        self.assertFalse(W in RX)
        self.assertFalse(X in RW)

    def test_bool(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(f)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Open:
            self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))

    @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
    def test_unique_composite(self):
        # override __eq__ to be identity only
        class TestFlag(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'one two three four five six seven eight'
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
            three = auto()
            four = auto()
            five = auto()
            six = auto()
            seven = auto()
            eight = auto()
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self is other
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self._value_)
        # have multiple threads competing to complete the composite members
        seen = set()
        failed = [False]
        def cycle_enum():
            # nonlocal failed
            try:
                for i in range(256):
                    seen.add(TestFlag(i))
            except Exception:
                failed[0] = True
        threads = [
                threading.Thread(target=cycle_enum)
                for _ in range(8)
                ]
        for t in threads:
            t.start()
        for t in threads:
            t.join()
        # check that only 248 members were created (8 were created originally)
        self.assertFalse(
                failed[0],
                'at least one thread failed while creating composite members')
        self.assertEqual(256, len(seen), 'too many composite members created')


class TestUnique(TestCase):
    """2.4 doesn't allow class decorators, use function syntax."""

    def test_unique_clean(self):
        class Clean(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            tres = 4.0
        unique(Clean)
        class Cleaner(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            double = 2
            triple = 3
        unique(Cleaner)

    def test_unique_dirty(self):
        try:
            class Dirty(Enum):
                __order__ = 'one two'
                one = 1
                two = 'dos'
                tres = 1
            unique(Dirty)
        except ValueError:
            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            message = exc.args[0]
        self.assertTrue('tres -> one' in message)

        try:
            class Dirtier(IntEnum):
                __order__ = 'single triple'
                single = 1
                double = 1
                triple = 3
                turkey = 3
            unique(Dirtier)
        except ValueError:
            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            message = exc.args[0]
        self.assertTrue('double -> single' in message)
        self.assertTrue('turkey -> triple' in message)

    def test_unique_with_name(self):
        @unique
        class Silly(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            name = 3
        @unique
        class Sillier(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            name = 2
            triple = 3
            value = 4


class TestNamedTuple(TestCase):

    def test_explicit_indexing(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            age = 0
            first = 1
            last = 2
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_implicit_indexing(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            __order__ = "age first last"
            age = "person's age"
            first = "person's first name"
            last = "person's last name"
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_mixed_indexing(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            __order__ = "age last cars"
            age = "person's age"
            last = 2, "person's last name"
            cars = "person's cars"
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe', 3)
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe', 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[3], 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[3], 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.cars, 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.cars, 9)

    def test_issubclass(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            age = 0
            first = 1
            last = 2
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, tuple))

    def test_isinstance(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            age = 0
            first = 1
            last = 2
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, Person))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, tuple))

    def test_explicit_indexing_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', (('age', 0), ('first', 1), ('last', 2)))
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_implicit_indexing_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_mixed_indexing_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', (('age', 0), ('last', 2), ('cars', 3)))
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe', 3)
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe', 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[3], 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[3], 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.cars, 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.cars, 9)

    def test_issubclass_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, tuple))

    def test_isinstance_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, Person))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, tuple))

    def test_creation_with_all_keywords(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(age=17, first='John', last='Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')

    def test_creation_with_some_keywords(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(17, first='John', last='Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        p1 = Person(17, last='Doe', first='John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')

    def test_custom_new(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            title = 0
            author = 1
            genre = 2
            def __new__(cls, string):
                args = [s.strip() for s in string.split(';')]
                return super(Book, cls).__new__(cls, *tuple(args))
        b1 = Book('The Last Mohican; John Doe; Historical')
        self.assertEqual(b1.title, 'The Last Mohican')
        self.assertEqual(b1.author, 'John Doe')
        self.assertEqual(b1.genre, 'Historical')

    def test_defaults_in_class(self):
        class Character(NamedTuple):
            name = 0
            gender = 1, None, 'male'
            klass = 2, None, 'fighter'
        for char in (
                {'name':'John Doe'},
                {'name':'William Pickney', 'klass':'scholar'},
                {'name':'Sarah Doughtery', 'gender':'female'},
                {'name':'Sissy Moonbeam', 'gender':'female', 'klass':'sorceress'},
                ):
            c = Character(**char)
            for name, value in (('name', None), ('gender','male'), ('klass','fighter')):
                if name in char:
                    value = char[name]
                self.assertEqual(getattr(c, name), value)

    def test_defaults_in_class_that_are_falsey(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizondal coordinate', 0
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', 0
        p = Point()
        self.assertEqual(p.x, 0)
        self.assertEqual(p.y, 0)

    def test_pickle_namedtuple_with_module(self):
        if isinstance(LifeForm, Exception):
            raise LifeForm
        lf = LifeForm('this', 'that', 'theother')
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, lf)

    def test_pickle_namedtuple_without_module(self):
        if isinstance(DeathForm, Exception):
            raise DeathForm
        df = DeathForm('sickly green', '2x4', 'foul')
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, df)

    def test_subclassing(self):
        if isinstance(ThatsIt, Exception):
            raise ThatsIt
        ti = ThatsIt('Henry', 'Weinhardt')
        self.assertEqual(ti.blah, 'Henry')
        self.assertTrue(ti.what(), 'Henry')
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, ti)

    def test_contains(self):
        Book = NamedTuple('Book', 'title author genre')
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)

    def test_fixed_size(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            _size_ = TupleSize.fixed
            title = 0
            author = 1
            genre = 2
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, 'Teckla', 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, 'Teckla')

    def test_minimum_size(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            _size_ = TupleSize.minimum
            title = 0
            author = 1
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, 'Teckla')

    def test_variable_size(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            _size_ = TupleSize.variable
            title = 0
            author = 1
            genre = 2
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertEqual(b.genre, 'fantasy')
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, b, 'genre')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, title='Teckla', genre='fantasy')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, author='Steven Brust')

    def test_combining_namedtuples(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 1
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', -1
        class Color(NamedTuple):
            r = 0, 'red component', 11
            g = 1, 'green component', 29
            b = 2, 'blue component', 37
        Pixel1 = NamedTuple('Pixel', Point+Color, module=__name__)
        class Pixel2(Point, Color):
            "a colored dot"
        class Pixel3(Point):
            r = 2, 'red component', 11
            g = 3, 'green component', 29
            b = 4, 'blue component', 37
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1._fields_, 'x y r g b'.split())
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.x.__doc__, 'horizontal coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.x.default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.y.__doc__, 'vertical coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.y.default, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.r.__doc__, 'red component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.r.default, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.g.__doc__, 'green component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.g.default, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.b.__doc__, 'blue component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.b.default, 37)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2._fields_, 'x y r g b'.split())
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.x.__doc__, 'horizontal coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.x.default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.y.__doc__, 'vertical coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.y.default, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.r.__doc__, 'red component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.r.default, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.g.__doc__, 'green component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.g.default, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.b.__doc__, 'blue component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.b.default, 37)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3._fields_, 'x y r g b'.split())
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.x.__doc__, 'horizontal coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.x.default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.y.__doc__, 'vertical coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.y.default, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.r.__doc__, 'red component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.r.default, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.g.__doc__, 'green component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.g.default, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.b.__doc__, 'blue component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.b.default, 37)

    def test_function_api_type(self):
        class Tester(NamedTuple):
            def howdy(self):
                return 'backwards', list(reversed(self))
        Testee = NamedTuple('Testee', 'a c e', type=Tester)
        t = Testee(1, 2, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.howdy(), ('backwards', [3, 2, 1]))

    def test_asdict(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 1
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', -1
        class Color(NamedTuple):
            r = 0, 'red component', 11
            g = 1, 'green component', 29
            b = 2, 'blue component', 37
        Pixel = NamedTuple('Pixel', Point+Color, module=__name__)
        pixel = Pixel(99, -101, 255, 128, 0)
        self.assertEqual(pixel._asdict(), {'x':99, 'y':-101, 'r':255, 'g':128, 'b':0})

    def test_make(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 1
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', -1
        self.assertEqual(Point(4, 5), (4, 5))
        self.assertEqual(Point._make((4, 5)), (4, 5))

    def test_replace(self):
        class Color(NamedTuple):
            r = 0, 'red component', 11
            g = 1, 'green component', 29
            b = 2, 'blue component', 37
        purple = Color(127, 0, 127)
        mid_gray = purple._replace(g=127)
        self.assertEqual(mid_gray, (127, 127, 127))


class TestNamedConstant(TestCase):

    def test_constantness(self):
        class K(NamedConstant):
            PI = 3.141596
            TAU = 2 * PI
        self.assertEqual(K.PI, 3.141596)
        self.assertEqual(K.TAU, 2 * K.PI)
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, K, 'PI', 9)

    def test_duplicates(self):
        class CardNumber(NamedConstant):
            ACE      = 11
            TWO      = 2
            THREE    = 3
            FOUR     = 4
            FIVE     = 5
            SIX      = 6
            SEVEN    = 7
            EIGHT    = 8
            NINE     = 9
            TEN      = 10
            JACK     = 10
            QUEEN    = 10
            KING     = 10
        self.assertFalse(CardNumber.TEN is CardNumber.JACK)
        self.assertEqual(CardNumber.TEN, CardNumber.JACK)
        self.assertEqual(CardNumber.TEN, 10)

    def test_extend_constants(self):
        class CardSuit(NamedConstant):
            HEARTS = 1
            SPADES = 2
            DIAMONTS = 3
            CLUBS = 4
        self.assertEqual(CardSuit.HEARTS, 1)
        stars = CardSuit('STARS', 5)
        self.assertIs(stars, CardSuit.STARS)
        self.assertEqual(CardSuit.STARS, 5)

    def test_constant_with_docstring(self):
        class Stuff(NamedConstant):
            Artifact = constant(7, "lucky number!")
            Bowling = 11
            HillWomp = constant(29, 'blah blah')
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Artifact, 7)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Artifact.__doc__, 'lucky number!')
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Bowling, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Bowling.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.HillWomp, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.HillWomp.__doc__, 'blah blah')


class TestMe(TestCase):

    pass


# These are unordered here on purpose to ensure that declaration order
# makes no difference.
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A = 5  # This one should sort first.
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F = 5
CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT = 4 # and this one
CONVERT_TEST_SIGIOT = 4
CONVERT_TEST_EIO = 7
CONVERT_TEST_EBUS = 7    # and this one

class TestIntEnumConvert(TestCase):
    def test_convert_value_lookup_priority(self):
        test_type = IntEnum._convert(
                'UnittestConvert',
                '__main__',
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
        # We don't want the reverse lookup value to vary when there are
        # multiple possible names for a given value.  It should always
        # report the first lexigraphical name in that case.
        self.assertEqual(test_type(5).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A')
        self.assertEqual(test_type(4).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT')
        self.assertEqual(test_type(7).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_EBUS')
        self.assertEqual(
                list(test_type),
                [
                    test_type.CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT,
                    test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A,
                    test_type.CONVERT_TEST_EBUS,
                    ],
                )

    def test_convert(self):
        test_type = IntEnum._convert(
                'UnittestConvert',
                '__main__',
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
        # Ensure that test_type has all of the desired names and values.
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F,
                         test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E, 5)
        # Ensure that test_type only picked up names matching the filter.
        self.assertEqual([name for name in dir(test_type)
                          if name[0:2] not in ('CO', '__')],
                         [], msg='Names other than CONVERT_TEST_* found.')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()