| // Copyright 2020-2025 Junekey Jeon |
| // |
| // The contents of this file may be used under the terms of |
| // the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. |
| // |
| // (See accompanying file LICENSE-Apache or copy at |
| // https://llvm.org/foundation/relicensing/LICENSE.txt) |
| // |
| // Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of |
| // the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. |
| // (See accompanying file LICENSE-Boost or copy at |
| // https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) |
| // |
| // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this software |
| // is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY |
| // KIND, either express or implied. |
| |
| #define JKJ_DRAGONBOX_TO_CHARS_LEAK_MACROS |
| #include "dragonbox/dragonbox_to_chars.h" |
| |
| namespace JKJ_NAMESPACE { |
| namespace dragonbox { |
| namespace detail { |
| // These "//"'s are to prevent clang-format to ruin this nice alignment. |
| // Thanks to reddit user u/mcmcc: |
| // https://www.reddit.com/r/cpp/comments/so3wx9/dragonbox_110_is_released_a_fast_floattostring/hw8z26r/?context=3 |
| struct byte_pair { |
| char bytes[2]; |
| }; |
| static constexpr byte_pair radix_100_table[100] JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = { |
| {'0', '0'}, {'0', '1'}, {'0', '2'}, {'0', '3'}, {'0', '4'}, // |
| {'0', '5'}, {'0', '6'}, {'0', '7'}, {'0', '8'}, {'0', '9'}, // |
| {'1', '0'}, {'1', '1'}, {'1', '2'}, {'1', '3'}, {'1', '4'}, // |
| {'1', '5'}, {'1', '6'}, {'1', '7'}, {'1', '8'}, {'1', '9'}, // |
| {'2', '0'}, {'2', '1'}, {'2', '2'}, {'2', '3'}, {'2', '4'}, // |
| {'2', '5'}, {'2', '6'}, {'2', '7'}, {'2', '8'}, {'2', '9'}, // |
| {'3', '0'}, {'3', '1'}, {'3', '2'}, {'3', '3'}, {'3', '4'}, // |
| {'3', '5'}, {'3', '6'}, {'3', '7'}, {'3', '8'}, {'3', '9'}, // |
| {'4', '0'}, {'4', '1'}, {'4', '2'}, {'4', '3'}, {'4', '4'}, // |
| {'4', '5'}, {'4', '6'}, {'4', '7'}, {'4', '8'}, {'4', '9'}, // |
| {'5', '0'}, {'5', '1'}, {'5', '2'}, {'5', '3'}, {'5', '4'}, // |
| {'5', '5'}, {'5', '6'}, {'5', '7'}, {'5', '8'}, {'5', '9'}, // |
| {'6', '0'}, {'6', '1'}, {'6', '2'}, {'6', '3'}, {'6', '4'}, // |
| {'6', '5'}, {'6', '6'}, {'6', '7'}, {'6', '8'}, {'6', '9'}, // |
| {'7', '0'}, {'7', '1'}, {'7', '2'}, {'7', '3'}, {'7', '4'}, // |
| {'7', '5'}, {'7', '6'}, {'7', '7'}, {'7', '8'}, {'7', '9'}, // |
| {'8', '0'}, {'8', '1'}, {'8', '2'}, {'8', '3'}, {'8', '4'}, // |
| {'8', '5'}, {'8', '6'}, {'8', '7'}, {'8', '8'}, {'8', '9'}, // |
| {'9', '0'}, {'9', '1'}, {'9', '2'}, {'9', '3'}, {'9', '4'}, // |
| {'9', '5'}, {'9', '6'}, {'9', '7'}, {'9', '8'}, {'9', '9'} // |
| }; |
| |
| static constexpr byte_pair radix_100_head_table[100] JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = { |
| {'0', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, // |
| {'5', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, // |
| {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, // |
| {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, {'1', '.'}, // |
| {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, // |
| {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, {'2', '.'}, // |
| {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, // |
| {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, {'3', '.'}, // |
| {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, // |
| {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, {'4', '.'}, // |
| {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, // |
| {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, {'5', '.'}, // |
| {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, // |
| {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, {'6', '.'}, // |
| {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, // |
| {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, {'7', '.'}, // |
| {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, // |
| {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, {'8', '.'}, // |
| {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, // |
| {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'}, {'9', '.'} // |
| }; |
| |
| static void print_1_digit(int n, char* buffer) noexcept { |
| JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(('0' & 0xf) == 0) { *buffer = char('0' | n); } |
| else { |
| *buffer = char('0' + n); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| static void print_2_digits(int n, char* buffer) noexcept { |
| auto bp = read_static_data(radix_100_table + n); |
| stdr::memcpy(buffer, &bp, 2); |
| } |
| |
| static void print_head_chars(int n, char* buffer) noexcept { |
| auto bp = read_static_data(radix_100_head_table + n); |
| stdr::memcpy(buffer, &bp, 2); |
| } |
| |
| // These digit generation routines are inspired by James Anhalt's itoa algorithm: |
| // https://github.com/jeaiii/itoa |
| // The main idea is for given n, find y such that floor(10^k * y / 2^32) = n holds, |
| // where k is an appropriate integer depending on the length of n. |
| // For example, if n = 1234567, we set k = 6. In this case, we have |
| // floor(y / 2^32) = 1, |
| // floor(10^2 * ((10^0 * y) mod 2^32) / 2^32) = 23, |
| // floor(10^2 * ((10^2 * y) mod 2^32) / 2^32) = 45, and |
| // floor(10^2 * ((10^4 * y) mod 2^32) / 2^32) = 67. |
| // See https://jk-jeon.github.io/posts/2022/02/jeaiii-algorithm/ for more explanation. |
| |
| JKJ_FORCEINLINE static void print_9_digits(stdr::uint_least32_t s32, int& exponent, |
| char*& buffer) noexcept { |
| // -- IEEE-754 binary32 |
| // Since we do not cut trailing zeros in advance, s32 must be of 6~9 digits |
| // unless the original input was subnormal. |
| // In particular, when it is of 9 digits it shouldn't have any trailing zeros. |
| // -- IEEE-754 binary64 |
| // In this case, s32 must be of 7~9 digits unless the input is subnormal, |
| // and it shouldn't have any trailing zeros if it is of 9 digits. |
| if (s32 >= UINT32_C(100000000)) { |
| // 9 digits. |
| // 1441151882 = ceil(2^57 / 1'0000'0000) + 1 |
| auto prod = s32 * UINT64_C(1441151882); |
| prod >>= 25; |
| print_head_chars(int(prod >> 32), buffer); |
| |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 6); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 8); |
| |
| exponent += 8; |
| buffer += 10; |
| } |
| else if (s32 >= UINT32_C(1000000)) { |
| // 7 or 8 digits. |
| // 281474978 = ceil(2^48 / 100'0000) + 1 |
| auto prod = s32 * UINT64_C(281474978); |
| prod >>= 16; |
| auto const head_digits = int(prod >> 32); |
| // If s32 is of 8 digits, increase the exponent by 7. |
| // Otherwise, increase it by 6. |
| exponent += (6 + int(head_digits >= 10)); |
| |
| // Write the first digit and the decimal point. |
| print_head_chars(head_digits, buffer); |
| // This third character may be overwritten later but we don't care. |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[head_digits].bytes[1]; |
| |
| // Remaining 6 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / UINT32_C(1000000))) { |
| // The number of characters actually need to be written is: |
| // 1, if only the first digit is nonzero, which means that either s32 is of 7 |
| // digits or it is of 8 digits but the second digit is zero, or |
| // 3, otherwise. |
| // Note that buffer[2] is never '0' if s32 is of 7 digits, because the input is |
| // never zero. |
| buffer += (1 + (int(head_digits >= 10) & int(buffer[2] > '0')) * 2); |
| } |
| else { |
| // At least one of the remaining 6 digits are nonzero. |
| // After this adjustment, now the first destination becomes buffer + 2. |
| buffer += int(head_digits >= 10); |
| |
| // Obtain the next two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| |
| // Remaining 4 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 10000)) { |
| buffer += (3 + int(buffer[3] > '0')); |
| } |
| else { |
| // At least one of the remaining 4 digits are nonzero. |
| |
| // Obtain the next two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| |
| // Remaining 2 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 100)) { |
| buffer += (5 + int(buffer[5] > '0')); |
| } |
| else { |
| // Obtain the last two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 6); |
| |
| buffer += (7 + int(buffer[7] > '0')); |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| else if (s32 >= 10000) { |
| // 5 or 6 digits. |
| // 429497 = ceil(2^32 / 1'0000) |
| auto prod = s32 * UINT64_C(429497); |
| auto const head_digits = int(prod >> 32); |
| |
| // If s32 is of 6 digits, increase the exponent by 5. |
| // Otherwise, increase it by 4. |
| exponent += (4 + int(head_digits >= 10)); |
| |
| // Write the first digit and the decimal point. |
| print_head_chars(head_digits, buffer); |
| // This third character may be overwritten later but we don't care. |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[head_digits].bytes[1]; |
| |
| // Remaining 4 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 10000)) { |
| // The number of characters actually written is 1 or 3, similarly to the case of |
| // 7 or 8 digits. |
| buffer += (1 + (int(head_digits >= 10) & int(buffer[2] > '0')) * 2); |
| } |
| else { |
| // At least one of the remaining 4 digits are nonzero. |
| // After this adjustment, now the first destination becomes buffer + 2. |
| buffer += int(head_digits >= 10); |
| |
| // Obtain the next two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| |
| // Remaining 2 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 100)) { |
| buffer += (3 + int(buffer[3] > '0')); |
| } |
| else { |
| // Obtain the last two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| |
| buffer += (5 + int(buffer[5] > '0')); |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| else if (s32 >= 100) { |
| // 3 or 4 digits. |
| // 42949673 = ceil(2^32 / 100) |
| auto prod = s32 * UINT64_C(42949673); |
| auto const head_digits = int(prod >> 32); |
| |
| // If s32 is of 4 digits, increase the exponent by 3. |
| // Otherwise, increase it by 2. |
| exponent += (2 + int(head_digits >= 10)); |
| |
| // Write the first digit and the decimal point. |
| print_head_chars(head_digits, buffer); |
| // This third character may be overwritten later but we don't care. |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[head_digits].bytes[1]; |
| |
| // Remaining 2 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 100)) { |
| // The number of characters actually written is 1 or 3, similarly to the case of |
| // 7 or 8 digits. |
| buffer += (1 + (int(head_digits >= 10) & int(buffer[2] > '0')) * 2); |
| } |
| else { |
| // At least one of the remaining 2 digits are nonzero. |
| // After this adjustment, now the first destination becomes buffer + 2. |
| buffer += int(head_digits >= 10); |
| |
| // Obtain the last two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| |
| buffer += (3 + int(buffer[3] > '0')); |
| } |
| } |
| else { |
| // 1 or 2 digits. |
| // If s32 is of 2 digits, increase the exponent by 1. |
| exponent += int(s32 >= 10); |
| |
| // Write the first digit and the decimal point. |
| print_head_chars(int(s32), buffer); |
| // This third character may be overwritten later but we don't care. |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[s32].bytes[1]; |
| |
| // The number of characters actually written is 1 or 3, similarly to the case of |
| // 7 or 8 digits. |
| buffer += (1 + (int(s32 >= 10) & int(buffer[2] > '0')) * 2); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| template <> |
| char* to_chars<ieee754_binary32, stdr::uint_least32_t>(stdr::uint_least32_t s32, |
| int exponent, |
| char* buffer) noexcept { |
| // Print significand. |
| print_9_digits(s32, exponent, buffer); |
| |
| // Print exponent and return |
| if (exponent < 0) { |
| stdr::memcpy(buffer, "E-", 2); |
| buffer += 2; |
| exponent = -exponent; |
| } |
| else { |
| buffer[0] = 'E'; |
| buffer += 1; |
| } |
| |
| if (exponent >= 10) { |
| print_2_digits(exponent, buffer); |
| buffer += 2; |
| } |
| else { |
| print_1_digit(exponent, buffer); |
| buffer += 1; |
| } |
| |
| return buffer; |
| } |
| |
| template <> |
| char* |
| to_chars<ieee754_binary64, stdr::uint_least64_t>(stdr::uint_least64_t const significand, |
| int exponent, char* buffer) noexcept { |
| // Print significand by decomposing it into a 9-digit block and a 8-digit block. |
| stdr::uint_least32_t first_block, second_block; |
| bool no_second_block; |
| |
| if (significand >= UINT64_C(100000000)) { |
| first_block = stdr::uint_least32_t(significand / UINT64_C(100000000)); |
| second_block = |
| stdr::uint_least32_t(significand) - first_block * UINT32_C(100000000); |
| exponent += 8; |
| no_second_block = (second_block == 0); |
| } |
| else { |
| first_block = stdr::uint_least32_t(significand); |
| no_second_block = true; |
| } |
| |
| if (no_second_block) { |
| print_9_digits(first_block, exponent, buffer); |
| } |
| else { |
| // We proceed similarly to print_9_digits(), but since we do not need to remove |
| // trailing zeros, the procedure is a bit simpler. |
| if (first_block >= UINT32_C(100000000)) { |
| // The input is of 17 digits, thus there should be no trailing zero at all. |
| // The first block is of 9 digits. |
| // 1441151882 = ceil(2^57 / 1'0000'0000) + 1 |
| auto prod = first_block * UINT64_C(1441151882); |
| prod >>= 25; |
| print_head_chars(int(prod >> 32), buffer); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 6); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 8); |
| |
| // The second block is of 8 digits. |
| // 281474978 = ceil(2^48 / 100'0000) + 1 |
| prod = second_block * UINT64_C(281474978); |
| prod >>= 16; |
| prod += 1; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 10); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 12); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 14); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 16); |
| |
| exponent += 8; |
| buffer += 18; |
| } |
| else { |
| if (first_block >= UINT32_C(1000000)) { |
| // 7 or 8 digits. |
| // 281474978 = ceil(2^48 / 100'0000) + 1 |
| auto prod = first_block * UINT64_C(281474978); |
| prod >>= 16; |
| auto const head_digits = int(prod >> 32); |
| |
| print_head_chars(head_digits, buffer); |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[head_digits].bytes[1]; |
| |
| exponent += (6 + int(head_digits >= 10)); |
| buffer += int(head_digits >= 10); |
| |
| // Print remaining 6 digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 6); |
| |
| buffer += 8; |
| } |
| else if (first_block >= 10000) { |
| // 5 or 6 digits. |
| // 429497 = ceil(2^32 / 1'0000) |
| auto prod = first_block * UINT64_C(429497); |
| auto const head_digits = int(prod >> 32); |
| |
| print_head_chars(head_digits, buffer); |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[head_digits].bytes[1]; |
| |
| exponent += (4 + int(head_digits >= 10)); |
| buffer += int(head_digits >= 10); |
| |
| // Print remaining 4 digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| |
| buffer += 6; |
| } |
| else if (first_block >= 100) { |
| // 3 or 4 digits. |
| // 42949673 = ceil(2^32 / 100) |
| auto prod = first_block * UINT64_C(42949673); |
| auto const head_digits = int(prod >> 32); |
| |
| print_head_chars(head_digits, buffer); |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[head_digits].bytes[1]; |
| |
| exponent += (2 + int(head_digits >= 10)); |
| buffer += int(head_digits >= 10); |
| |
| // Print remaining 2 digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| |
| buffer += 4; |
| } |
| else { |
| // 1 or 2 digits. |
| print_head_chars(int(first_block), buffer); |
| buffer[2] = radix_100_table[first_block].bytes[1]; |
| |
| exponent += int(first_block >= 10); |
| buffer += (2 + int(first_block >= 10)); |
| } |
| |
| // Next, print the second block. |
| // The second block is of 8 digits, but we may have trailing zeros. |
| // 281474978 = ceil(2^48 / 100'0000) + 1 |
| auto prod = second_block * UINT64_C(281474978); |
| prod >>= 16; |
| prod += 1; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer); |
| |
| // Remaining 6 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / UINT64_C(1000000))) { |
| buffer += (1 + int(buffer[1] > '0')); |
| } |
| else { |
| // Obtain the next two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 2); |
| |
| // Remaining 4 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 10000)) { |
| buffer += (3 + int(buffer[3] > '0')); |
| } |
| else { |
| // Obtain the next two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 4); |
| |
| // Remaining 2 digits are all zero? |
| if ((prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) <= |
| stdr::uint_least32_t((stdr::uint_least64_t(1) << 32) / 100)) { |
| buffer += (5 + int(buffer[5] > '0')); |
| } |
| else { |
| // Obtain the last two digits. |
| prod = (prod & UINT32_C(0xffffffff)) * 100; |
| print_2_digits(int(prod >> 32), buffer + 6); |
| buffer += (7 + int(buffer[7] > '0')); |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Print exponent and return |
| if (exponent < 0) { |
| stdr::memcpy(buffer, "E-", 2); |
| buffer += 2; |
| exponent = -exponent; |
| } |
| else { |
| buffer[0] = 'E'; |
| buffer += 1; |
| } |
| |
| if (exponent >= 100) { |
| // d1 = exponent / 10; d2 = exponent % 10; |
| // 6554 = ceil(2^16 / 10) |
| auto d1 = (std::uint_least32_t(exponent) * UINT32_C(6554)) >> 16; |
| auto d2 = std::uint_least32_t(exponent) - UINT32_C(10) * d1; |
| print_2_digits(int(d1), buffer); |
| print_1_digit(int(d2), buffer + 2); |
| buffer += 3; |
| } |
| else if (exponent >= 10) { |
| print_2_digits(exponent, buffer); |
| buffer += 2; |
| } |
| else { |
| print_1_digit(exponent, buffer); |
| buffer += 1; |
| } |
| |
| return buffer; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
