src/date.c

/*
** 2003 October 31
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains the C functions that implement date and time
** functions for SQLite.  
**
** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
** All other code has file scope.
**
** SQLite processes all times and dates as julian day numbers.  The
** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
** calendar system. 
**
** 1970-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2440587.5
** 2000-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2451544.5
**
** This implementation requires years to be expressed as a 4-digit number
** which means that only dates between 0000-01-01 and 9999-12-31 can
** be represented, even though julian day numbers allow a much wider
** range of dates.
**
** The Gregorian calendar system is used for all dates and times,
** even those that predate the Gregorian calendar.  Historians usually
** use the julian calendar for dates prior to 1582-10-15 and for some
** dates afterwards, depending on locale.  Beware of this difference.
**
** The conversion algorithms are implemented based on descriptions
** in the following text:
**
**      Jean Meeus
**      Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd Edition, 1998
**      ISBN 0-943396-61-1
**      Willmann-Bell, Inc
**      Richmond, Virginia (USA)
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <time.h>

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS

/*
** The MSVC CRT on Windows CE may not have a localtime() function.
** So declare a substitute.  The substitute function itself is
** defined in "os_win.c".
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME) && defined(_WIN32_WCE) && \
    (!defined(SQLITE_MSVC_LOCALTIME_API) || !SQLITE_MSVC_LOCALTIME_API)
struct tm *__cdecl localtime(const time_t *);
#endif

/*
** A structure for holding a single date and time.
*/
typedef struct DateTime DateTime;
struct DateTime {
  sqlite3_int64 iJD;  /* The julian day number times 86400000 */
  int Y, M, D;        /* Year, month, and day */
  int h, m;           /* Hour and minutes */
  int tz;             /* Timezone offset in minutes */
  double s;           /* Seconds */
  char validJD;       /* True (1) if iJD is valid */
  char rawS;          /* Raw numeric value stored in s */
  char validYMD;      /* True (1) if Y,M,D are valid */
  char validHMS;      /* True (1) if h,m,s are valid */
  char validTZ;       /* True (1) if tz is valid */
  char tzSet;         /* Timezone was set explicitly */
  char isError;       /* An overflow has occurred */
};


/*
** Convert zDate into one or more integers according to the conversion
** specifier zFormat.
**
** zFormat[] contains 4 characters for each integer converted, except for
** the last integer which is specified by three characters.  The meaning
** of a four-character format specifiers ABCD is:
**
**    A:   number of digits to convert.  Always "2" or "4".
**    B:   minimum value.  Always "0" or "1".
**    C:   maximum value, decoded as:
**           a:  12
**           b:  14
**           c:  24
**           d:  31
**           e:  59
**           f:  9999
**    D:   the separator character, or \000 to indicate this is the
**         last number to convert.
**
** Example:  To translate an ISO-8601 date YYYY-MM-DD, the format would
** be "40f-21a-20c".  The "40f-" indicates the 4-digit year followed by "-".
** The "21a-" indicates the 2-digit month followed by "-".  The "20c" indicates
** the 2-digit day which is the last integer in the set.
**
** The function returns the number of successful conversions.
*/
static int getDigits(const char *zDate, const char *zFormat, ...){
  /* The aMx[] array translates the 3rd character of each format
  ** spec into a max size:    a   b   c   d   e     f */
  static const u16 aMx[] = { 12, 14, 24, 31, 59, 9999 };
  va_list ap;
  int cnt = 0;
  char nextC;
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  do{
    char N = zFormat[0] - '0';
    char min = zFormat[1] - '0';
    int val = 0;
    u16 max;

    assert( zFormat[2]>='a' && zFormat[2]<='f' );
    max = aMx[zFormat[2] - 'a'];
    nextC = zFormat[3];
    val = 0;
    while( N-- ){
      if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*zDate) ){
        goto end_getDigits;
      }
      val = val*10 + *zDate - '0';
      zDate++;
    }
    if( val<(int)min || val>(int)max || (nextC!=0 && nextC!=*zDate) ){
      goto end_getDigits;
    }
    *va_arg(ap,int*) = val;
    zDate++;
    cnt++;
    zFormat += 4;
  }while( nextC );
end_getDigits:
  va_end(ap);
  return cnt;
}

/*
** Parse a timezone extension on the end of a date-time.
** The extension is of the form:
**
**        (+/-)HH:MM
**
** Or the "zulu" notation:
**
**        Z
**
** If the parse is successful, write the number of minutes
** of change in p->tz and return 0.  If a parser error occurs,
** return non-zero.
**
** A missing specifier is not considered an error.
*/
static int parseTimezone(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
  int sgn = 0;
  int nHr, nMn;
  int c;
  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) ){ zDate++; }
  p->tz = 0;
  c = *zDate;
  if( c=='-' ){
    sgn = -1;
  }else if( c=='+' ){
    sgn = +1;
  }else if( c=='Z' || c=='z' ){
    zDate++;
    goto zulu_time;
  }else{
    return c!=0;
  }
  zDate++;
  if( getDigits(zDate, "20b:20e", &nHr, &nMn)!=2 ){
    return 1;
  }
  zDate += 5;
  p->tz = sgn*(nMn + nHr*60);
zulu_time:
  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) ){ zDate++; }
  p->tzSet = 1;
  return *zDate!=0;
}

/*
** Parse times of the form HH:MM or HH:MM:SS or HH:MM:SS.FFFF.
** The HH, MM, and SS must each be exactly 2 digits.  The
** fractional seconds FFFF can be one or more digits.
**
** Return 1 if there is a parsing error and 0 on success.
*/
static int parseHhMmSs(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
  int h, m, s;
  double ms = 0.0;
  if( getDigits(zDate, "20c:20e", &h, &m)!=2 ){
    return 1;
  }
  zDate += 5;
  if( *zDate==':' ){
    zDate++;
    if( getDigits(zDate, "20e", &s)!=1 ){
      return 1;
    }
    zDate += 2;
    if( *zDate=='.' && sqlite3Isdigit(zDate[1]) ){
      double rScale = 1.0;
      zDate++;
      while( sqlite3Isdigit(*zDate) ){
        ms = ms*10.0 + *zDate - '0';
        rScale *= 10.0;
        zDate++;
      }
      ms /= rScale;
    }
  }else{
    s = 0;
  }
  p->validJD = 0;
  p->rawS = 0;
  p->validHMS = 1;
  p->h = h;
  p->m = m;
  p->s = s + ms;
  if( parseTimezone(zDate, p) ) return 1;
  p->validTZ = (p->tz!=0)?1:0;
  return 0;
}

/*
** Put the DateTime object into its error state.
*/
static void datetimeError(DateTime *p){
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
  p->isError = 1;
}

/*
** Convert from YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS to julian day.  We always assume
** that the YYYY-MM-DD is according to the Gregorian calendar.
**
** Reference:  Meeus page 61
*/
static void computeJD(DateTime *p){
  int Y, M, D, A, B, X1, X2;

  if( p->validJD ) return;
  if( p->validYMD ){
    Y = p->Y;
    M = p->M;
    D = p->D;
  }else{
    Y = 2000;  /* If no YMD specified, assume 2000-Jan-01 */
    M = 1;
    D = 1;
  }
  if( Y<-4713 || Y>9999 || p->rawS ){
    datetimeError(p);
    return;
  }
  if( M<=2 ){
    Y--;
    M += 12;
  }
  A = Y/100;
  B = 2 - A + (A/4);
  X1 = 36525*(Y+4716)/100;
  X2 = 306001*(M+1)/10000;
  p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)((X1 + X2 + D + B - 1524.5 ) * 86400000);
  p->validJD = 1;
  if( p->validHMS ){
    p->iJD += p->h*3600000 + p->m*60000 + (sqlite3_int64)(p->s*1000);
    if( p->validTZ ){
      p->iJD -= p->tz*60000;
      p->validYMD = 0;
      p->validHMS = 0;
      p->validTZ = 0;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Parse dates of the form
**
**     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.FFF
**     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
**     YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM
**     YYYY-MM-DD
**
** Write the result into the DateTime structure and return 0
** on success and 1 if the input string is not a well-formed
** date.
*/
static int parseYyyyMmDd(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
  int Y, M, D, neg;

  if( zDate[0]=='-' ){
    zDate++;
    neg = 1;
  }else{
    neg = 0;
  }
  if( getDigits(zDate, "40f-21a-21d", &Y, &M, &D)!=3 ){
    return 1;
  }
  zDate += 10;
  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) || 'T'==*(u8*)zDate ){ zDate++; }
  if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
    /* We got the time */
  }else if( *zDate==0 ){
    p->validHMS = 0;
  }else{
    return 1;
  }
  p->validJD = 0;
  p->validYMD = 1;
  p->Y = neg ? -Y : Y;
  p->M = M;
  p->D = D;
  if( p->validTZ ){
    computeJD(p);
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Set the time to the current time reported by the VFS.
**
** Return the number of errors.
*/
static int setDateTimeToCurrent(sqlite3_context *context, DateTime *p){
  p->iJD = sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(context);
  if( p->iJD>0 ){
    p->validJD = 1;
    return 0;
  }else{
    return 1;
  }
}

/*
** Input "r" is a numeric quantity which might be a julian day number,
** or the number of seconds since 1970.  If the value if r is within
** range of a julian day number, install it as such and set validJD.
** If the value is a valid unix timestamp, put it in p->s and set p->rawS.
*/
static void setRawDateNumber(DateTime *p, double r){
  p->s = r;
  p->rawS = 1;
  if( r>=0.0 && r<5373484.5 ){
    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
    p->validJD = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Attempt to parse the given string into a julian day number.  Return
** the number of errors.
**
** The following are acceptable forms for the input string:
**
**      YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.FFF  +/-HH:MM
**      DDDD.DD 
**      now
**
** In the first form, the +/-HH:MM is always optional.  The fractional
** seconds extension (the ".FFF") is optional.  The seconds portion
** (":SS.FFF") is option.  The year and date can be omitted as long
** as there is a time string.  The time string can be omitted as long
** as there is a year and date.
*/
static int parseDateOrTime(
  sqlite3_context *context, 
  const char *zDate, 
  DateTime *p
){
  double r;
  if( parseYyyyMmDd(zDate,p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(context) ){
    return setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
  }else if( sqlite3AtoF(zDate, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zDate), SQLITE_UTF8) ){
    setRawDateNumber(p, r);
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

/* The julian day number for 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999 is 5373484.4999999.
** Multiplying this by 86400000 gives 464269060799999 as the maximum value
** for DateTime.iJD.
**
** But some older compilers (ex: gcc 4.2.1 on older Macs) cannot deal with 
** such a large integer literal, so we have to encode it.
*/
#define INT_464269060799999  ((((i64)0x1a640)<<32)|0x1072fdff)

/*
** Return TRUE if the given julian day number is within range.
**
** The input is the JulianDay times 86400000.
*/
static int validJulianDay(sqlite3_int64 iJD){
  return iJD>=0 && iJD<=INT_464269060799999;
}

/*
** Compute the Year, Month, and Day from the julian day number.
*/
static void computeYMD(DateTime *p){
  int Z, A, B, C, D, E, X1;
  if( p->validYMD ) return;
  if( !p->validJD ){
    p->Y = 2000;
    p->M = 1;
    p->D = 1;
  }else if( !validJulianDay(p->iJD) ){
    datetimeError(p);
    return;
  }else{
    Z = (int)((p->iJD + 43200000)/86400000);
    A = (int)((Z - 1867216.25)/36524.25);
    A = Z + 1 + A - (A/4);
    B = A + 1524;
    C = (int)((B - 122.1)/365.25);
    D = (36525*(C&32767))/100;
    E = (int)((B-D)/30.6001);
    X1 = (int)(30.6001*E);
    p->D = B - D - X1;
    p->M = E<14 ? E-1 : E-13;
    p->Y = p->M>2 ? C - 4716 : C - 4715;
  }
  p->validYMD = 1;
}

/*
** Compute the Hour, Minute, and Seconds from the julian day number.
*/
static void computeHMS(DateTime *p){
  int s;
  if( p->validHMS ) return;
  computeJD(p);
  s = (int)((p->iJD + 43200000) % 86400000);
  p->s = s/1000.0;
  s = (int)p->s;
  p->s -= s;
  p->h = s/3600;
  s -= p->h*3600;
  p->m = s/60;
  p->s += s - p->m*60;
  p->rawS = 0;
  p->validHMS = 1;
}

/*
** Compute both YMD and HMS
*/
static void computeYMD_HMS(DateTime *p){
  computeYMD(p);
  computeHMS(p);
}

/*
** Clear the YMD and HMS and the TZ
*/
static void clearYMD_HMS_TZ(DateTime *p){
  p->validYMD = 0;
  p->validHMS = 0;
  p->validTZ = 0;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
/*
** On recent Windows platforms, the localtime_s() function is available
** as part of the "Secure CRT". It is essentially equivalent to 
** localtime_r() available under most POSIX platforms, except that the 
** order of the parameters is reversed.
**
** See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a442x3ye(VS.80).aspx.
**
** If the user has not indicated to use localtime_r() or localtime_s()
** already, check for an MSVC build environment that provides 
** localtime_s().
*/
#if !HAVE_LOCALTIME_R && !HAVE_LOCALTIME_S \
    && defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CRT_INSECURE_DEPRECATE)
#undef  HAVE_LOCALTIME_S
#define HAVE_LOCALTIME_S 1
#endif

/*
** The following routine implements the rough equivalent of localtime_r()
** using whatever operating-system specific localtime facility that
** is available.  This routine returns 0 on success and
** non-zero on any kind of error.
**
** If the sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault variable is true then this
** routine will always fail.
**
** EVIDENCE-OF: R-62172-00036 In this implementation, the standard C
** library function localtime_r() is used to assist in the calculation of
** local time.
*/
static int osLocaltime(time_t *t, struct tm *pTm){
  int rc;
#if !HAVE_LOCALTIME_R && !HAVE_LOCALTIME_S
  struct tm *pX;
#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
#endif
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
  pX = localtime(t);
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault ) pX = 0;
#endif
  if( pX ) *pTm = *pX;
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
  rc = pX==0;
#else
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bLocaltimeFault ) return 1;
#endif
#if HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
  rc = localtime_r(t, pTm)==0;
#else
  rc = localtime_s(pTm, t);
#endif /* HAVE_LOCALTIME_R */
#endif /* HAVE_LOCALTIME_R || HAVE_LOCALTIME_S */
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
/*
** Compute the difference (in milliseconds) between localtime and UTC
** (a.k.a. GMT) for the time value p where p is in UTC. If no error occurs,
** return this value and set *pRc to SQLITE_OK. 
**
** Or, if an error does occur, set *pRc to SQLITE_ERROR. The returned value
** is undefined in this case.
*/
static sqlite3_int64 localtimeOffset(
  DateTime *p,                    /* Date at which to calculate offset */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Write error here if one occurs */
  int *pRc                        /* OUT: Error code. SQLITE_OK or ERROR */
){
  DateTime x, y;
  time_t t;
  struct tm sLocal;

  /* Initialize the contents of sLocal to avoid a compiler warning. */
  memset(&sLocal, 0, sizeof(sLocal));

  x = *p;
  computeYMD_HMS(&x);
  if( x.Y<1971 || x.Y>=2038 ){
    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55269-29598 The localtime_r() C function normally only
    ** works for years between 1970 and 2037. For dates outside this range,
    ** SQLite attempts to map the year into an equivalent year within this
    ** range, do the calculation, then map the year back.
    */
    x.Y = 2000;
    x.M = 1;
    x.D = 1;
    x.h = 0;
    x.m = 0;
    x.s = 0.0;
  } else {
    int s = (int)(x.s + 0.5);
    x.s = s;
  }
  x.tz = 0;
  x.validJD = 0;
  computeJD(&x);
  t = (time_t)(x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000);
  if( osLocaltime(&t, &sLocal) ){
    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "local time unavailable", -1);
    *pRc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    return 0;
  }
  y.Y = sLocal.tm_year + 1900;
  y.M = sLocal.tm_mon + 1;
  y.D = sLocal.tm_mday;
  y.h = sLocal.tm_hour;
  y.m = sLocal.tm_min;
  y.s = sLocal.tm_sec;
  y.validYMD = 1;
  y.validHMS = 1;
  y.validJD = 0;
  y.rawS = 0;
  y.validTZ = 0;
  y.isError = 0;
  computeJD(&y);
  *pRc = SQLITE_OK;
  return y.iJD - x.iJD;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME */

/*
** The following table defines various date transformations of the form
**
**            'NNN days'
**
** Where NNN is an arbitrary floating-point number and "days" can be one
** of several units of time.
*/
static const struct {
  u8 eType;           /* Transformation type code */
  u8 nName;           /* Length of th name */
  char *zName;        /* Name of the transformation */
  double rLimit;      /* Maximum NNN value for this transform */
  double rXform;      /* Constant used for this transform */
} aXformType[] = {
  { 0, 6, "second", 464269060800.0, 86400000.0/(24.0*60.0*60.0) },
  { 0, 6, "minute", 7737817680.0,   86400000.0/(24.0*60.0)      },
  { 0, 4, "hour",   128963628.0,    86400000.0/24.0             },
  { 0, 3, "day",    5373485.0,      86400000.0                  },
  { 1, 5, "month",  176546.0,       30.0*86400000.0             },
  { 2, 4, "year",   14713.0,        365.0*86400000.0            },
};

/*
** Process a modifier to a date-time stamp.  The modifiers are
** as follows:
**
**     NNN days
**     NNN hours
**     NNN minutes
**     NNN.NNNN seconds
**     NNN months
**     NNN years
**     start of month
**     start of year
**     start of week
**     start of day
**     weekday N
**     unixepoch
**     localtime
**     utc
**
** Return 0 on success and 1 if there is any kind of error. If the error
** is in a system call (i.e. localtime()), then an error message is written
** to context pCtx. If the error is an unrecognized modifier, no error is
** written to pCtx.
*/
static int parseModifier(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Function context */
  const char *z,              /* The text of the modifier */
  int n,                      /* Length of zMod in bytes */
  DateTime *p                 /* The date/time value to be modified */
){
  int rc = 1;
  double r;
  switch(sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)z[0]] ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
    case 'l': {
      /*    localtime
      **
      ** Assuming the current time value is UTC (a.k.a. GMT), shift it to
      ** show local time.
      */
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
        computeJD(p);
        p->iJD += localtimeOffset(p, pCtx, &rc);
        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
      }
      break;
    }
#endif
    case 'u': {
      /*
      **    unixepoch
      **
      ** Treat the current value of p->s as the number of
      ** seconds since 1970.  Convert to a real julian day number.
      */
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "unixepoch")==0 && p->rawS ){
        r = p->s*1000.0 + 210866760000000.0;
        if( r>=0.0 && r<464269060800000.0 ){
          clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
          p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)r;
          p->validJD = 1;
          p->rawS = 0;
          rc = 0;
        }
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
        if( p->tzSet==0 ){
          sqlite3_int64 c1;
          computeJD(p);
          c1 = localtimeOffset(p, pCtx, &rc);
          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
            p->iJD -= c1;
            clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
            p->iJD += c1 - localtimeOffset(p, pCtx, &rc);
          }
          p->tzSet = 1;
        }else{
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
        }
      }
#endif
      break;
    }
    case 'w': {
      /*
      **    weekday N
      **
      ** Move the date to the same time on the next occurrence of
      ** weekday N where 0==Sunday, 1==Monday, and so forth.  If the
      ** date is already on the appropriate weekday, this is a no-op.
      */
      if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "weekday ", 8)==0
               && sqlite3AtoF(&z[8], &r, sqlite3Strlen30(&z[8]), SQLITE_UTF8)
               && (n=(int)r)==r && n>=0 && r<7 ){
        sqlite3_int64 Z;
        computeYMD_HMS(p);
        p->validTZ = 0;
        p->validJD = 0;
        computeJD(p);
        Z = ((p->iJD + 129600000)/86400000) % 7;
        if( Z>n ) Z -= 7;
        p->iJD += (n - Z)*86400000;
        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
        rc = 0;
      }
      break;
    }
    case 's': {
      /*
      **    start of TTTTT
      **
      ** Move the date backwards to the beginning of the current day,
      ** or month or year.
      */
      if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "start of ", 9)!=0 ) break;
      if( !p->validJD && !p->validYMD && !p->validHMS ) break;
      z += 9;
      computeYMD(p);
      p->validHMS = 1;
      p->h = p->m = 0;
      p->s = 0.0;
      p->rawS = 0;
      p->validTZ = 0;
      p->validJD = 0;
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z,"month")==0 ){
        p->D = 1;
        rc = 0;
      }else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z,"year")==0 ){
        p->M = 1;
        p->D = 1;
        rc = 0;
      }else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z,"day")==0 ){
        rc = 0;
      }
      break;
    }
    case '+':
    case '-':
    case '0':
    case '1':
    case '2':
    case '3':
    case '4':
    case '5':
    case '6':
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9': {
      double rRounder;
      int i;
      for(n=1; z[n] && z[n]!=':' && !sqlite3Isspace(z[n]); n++){}
      if( !sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, n, SQLITE_UTF8) ){
        rc = 1;
        break;
      }
      if( z[n]==':' ){
        /* A modifier of the form (+|-)HH:MM:SS.FFF adds (or subtracts) the
        ** specified number of hours, minutes, seconds, and fractional seconds
        ** to the time.  The ".FFF" may be omitted.  The ":SS.FFF" may be
        ** omitted.
        */
        const char *z2 = z;
        DateTime tx;
        sqlite3_int64 day;
        if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z2) ) z2++;
        memset(&tx, 0, sizeof(tx));
        if( parseHhMmSs(z2, &tx) ) break;
        computeJD(&tx);
        tx.iJD -= 43200000;
        day = tx.iJD/86400000;
        tx.iJD -= day*86400000;
        if( z[0]=='-' ) tx.iJD = -tx.iJD;
        computeJD(p);
        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
        p->iJD += tx.iJD;
        rc = 0;
        break;
      }

      /* If control reaches this point, it means the transformation is
      ** one of the forms like "+NNN days".  */
      z += n;
      while( sqlite3Isspace(*z) ) z++;
      n = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
      if( n>10 || n<3 ) break;
      if( sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)z[n-1]]=='s' ) n--;
      computeJD(p);
      rc = 1;
      rRounder = r<0 ? -0.5 : +0.5;
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aXformType); i++){
        if( aXformType[i].nName==n
         && sqlite3_strnicmp(aXformType[i].zName, z, n)==0
         && r>-aXformType[i].rLimit && r<aXformType[i].rLimit
        ){
          switch( aXformType[i].eType ){
            case 1: { /* Special processing to add months */
              int x;
              computeYMD_HMS(p);
              p->M += (int)r;
              x = p->M>0 ? (p->M-1)/12 : (p->M-12)/12;
              p->Y += x;
              p->M -= x*12;
              p->validJD = 0;
              r -= (int)r;
              break;
            }
            case 2: { /* Special processing to add years */
              int y = (int)r;
              computeYMD_HMS(p);
              p->Y += y;
              p->validJD = 0;
              r -= (int)r;
              break;
            }
          }
          computeJD(p);
          p->iJD += (sqlite3_int64)(r*aXformType[i].rXform + rRounder);
          rc = 0;
          break;
        }
      }
      clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
      break;
    }
    default: {
      break;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Process time function arguments.  argv[0] is a date-time stamp.
** argv[1] and following are modifiers.  Parse them all and write
** the resulting time into the DateTime structure p.  Return 0
** on success and 1 if there are any errors.
**
** If there are zero parameters (if even argv[0] is undefined)
** then assume a default value of "now" for argv[0].
*/
static int isDate(
  sqlite3_context *context, 
  int argc, 
  sqlite3_value **argv, 
  DateTime *p
){
  int i, n;
  const unsigned char *z;
  int eType;
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
  if( argc==0 ){
    return setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
  }
  if( (eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]))==SQLITE_FLOAT
                   || eType==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
    setRawDateNumber(p, sqlite3_value_double(argv[0]));
  }else{
    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
    if( !z || parseDateOrTime(context, (char*)z, p) ){
      return 1;
    }
  }
  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
    if( z==0 || parseModifier(context, (char*)z, n, p) ) return 1;
  }
  computeJD(p);
  if( p->isError || !validJulianDay(p->iJD) ) return 1;
  return 0;
}


/*
** The following routines implement the various date and time functions
** of SQLite.
*/

/*
**    julianday( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return the julian day number of the date specified in the arguments
*/
static void juliandayFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    computeJD(&x);
    sqlite3_result_double(context, x.iJD/86400000.0);
  }
}

/*
**    datetime( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
*/
static void datetimeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    char zBuf[100];
    computeYMD_HMS(&x);
    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
                     x.Y, x.M, x.D, x.h, x.m, (int)(x.s));
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}

/*
**    time( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return HH:MM:SS
*/
static void timeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    char zBuf[100];
    computeHMS(&x);
    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%02d:%02d:%02d", x.h, x.m, (int)x.s);
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}

/*
**    date( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return YYYY-MM-DD
*/
static void dateFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
    char zBuf[100];
    computeYMD(&x);
    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", x.Y, x.M, x.D);
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}

/*
**    strftime( FORMAT, TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
**
** Return a string described by FORMAT.  Conversions as follows:
**
**   %d  day of month
**   %f  ** fractional seconds  SS.SSS
**   %H  hour 00-24
**   %j  day of year 000-366
**   %J  ** julian day number
**   %m  month 01-12
**   %M  minute 00-59
**   %s  seconds since 1970-01-01
**   %S  seconds 00-59
**   %w  day of week 0-6  sunday==0
**   %W  week of year 00-53
**   %Y  year 0000-9999
**   %%  %
*/
static void strftimeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  DateTime x;
  u64 n;
  size_t i,j;
  char *z;
  sqlite3 *db;
  const char *zFmt;
  char zBuf[100];
  if( argc==0 ) return;
  zFmt = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  if( zFmt==0 || isDate(context, argc-1, argv+1, &x) ) return;
  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  for(i=0, n=1; zFmt[i]; i++, n++){
    if( zFmt[i]=='%' ){
      switch( zFmt[i+1] ){
        case 'd':
        case 'H':
        case 'm':
        case 'M':
        case 'S':
        case 'W':
          n++;
          /* fall thru */
        case 'w':
        case '%':
          break;
        case 'f':
          n += 8;
          break;
        case 'j':
          n += 3;
          break;
        case 'Y':
          n += 8;
          break;
        case 's':
        case 'J':
          n += 50;
          break;
        default:
          return;  /* ERROR.  return a NULL */
      }
      i++;
    }
  }
  testcase( n==sizeof(zBuf)-1 );
  testcase( n==sizeof(zBuf) );
  testcase( n==(u64)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]+1 );
  testcase( n==(u64)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
  if( n<sizeof(zBuf) ){
    z = zBuf;
  }else if( n>(u64)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
    return;
  }else{
    z = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, (int)n);
    if( z==0 ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
      return;
    }
  }
  computeJD(&x);
  computeYMD_HMS(&x);
  for(i=j=0; zFmt[i]; i++){
    if( zFmt[i]!='%' ){
      z[j++] = zFmt[i];
    }else{
      i++;
      switch( zFmt[i] ){
        case 'd':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.D); j+=2; break;
        case 'f': {
          double s = x.s;
          if( s>59.999 ) s = 59.999;
          sqlite3_snprintf(7, &z[j],"%06.3f", s);
          j += sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
          break;
        }
        case 'H':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.h); j+=2; break;
        case 'W': /* Fall thru */
        case 'j': {
          int nDay;             /* Number of days since 1st day of year */
          DateTime y = x;
          y.validJD = 0;
          y.M = 1;
          y.D = 1;
          computeJD(&y);
          nDay = (int)((x.iJD-y.iJD+43200000)/86400000);
          if( zFmt[i]=='W' ){
            int wd;   /* 0=Monday, 1=Tuesday, ... 6=Sunday */
            wd = (int)(((x.iJD+43200000)/86400000)%7);
            sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",(nDay+7-wd)/7);
            j += 2;
          }else{
            sqlite3_snprintf(4, &z[j],"%03d",nDay+1);
            j += 3;
          }
          break;
        }
        case 'J': {
          sqlite3_snprintf(20, &z[j],"%.16g",x.iJD/86400000.0);
          j+=sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
          break;
        }
        case 'm':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.M); j+=2; break;
        case 'M':  sqlite3_snprintf(3, &z[j],"%02d",x.m); j+=2; break;
        case 's': {
          sqlite3_snprintf(30,&z[j],"%lld",
                           (i64)(x.iJD/1000 - 21086676*(i64)10000));
          j += sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
          break;
        }
        case 'S':  sqlite3_snprintf(3,&z[j],"%02d",(int)x.s); j+=2; break;
        case 'w': {
          z[j++] = (char)(((x.iJD+129600000)/86400000) % 7) + '0';
          break;
        }
        case 'Y': {
          sqlite3_snprintf(5,&z[j],"%04d",x.Y); j+=sqlite3Strlen30(&z[j]);
          break;
        }
        default:   z[j++] = '%'; break;
      }
    }
  }
  z[j] = 0;
  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1,
                      z==zBuf ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
}

/*
** current_time()
**
** This function returns the same value as time('now').
*/
static void ctimeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
  timeFunc(context, 0, 0);
}

/*
** current_date()
**
** This function returns the same value as date('now').
*/
static void cdateFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
  dateFunc(context, 0, 0);
}

/*
** current_timestamp()
**
** This function returns the same value as datetime('now').
*/
static void ctimestampFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **NotUsed2
){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
  datetimeFunc(context, 0, 0);
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS) */

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
/*
** If the library is compiled to omit the full-scale date and time
** handling (to get a smaller binary), the following minimal version
** of the functions current_time(), current_date() and current_timestamp()
** are included instead. This is to support column declarations that
** include "DEFAULT CURRENT_TIME" etc.
**
** This function uses the C-library functions time(), gmtime()
** and strftime(). The format string to pass to strftime() is supplied
** as the user-data for the function.
*/
static void currentTimeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  time_t t;
  char *zFormat = (char *)sqlite3_user_data(context);
  sqlite3_int64 iT;
  struct tm *pTm;
  struct tm sNow;
  char zBuf[20];

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);

  iT = sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(context);
  if( iT<=0 ) return;
  t = iT/1000 - 10000*(sqlite3_int64)21086676;
#if HAVE_GMTIME_R
  pTm = gmtime_r(&t, &sNow);
#else
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
  pTm = gmtime(&t);
  if( pTm ) memcpy(&sNow, pTm, sizeof(sNow));
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER));
#endif
  if( pTm ){
    strftime(zBuf, 20, zFormat, &sNow);
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}
#endif

/*
** This function registered all of the above C functions as SQL
** functions.  This should be the only routine in this file with
** external linkage.
*/
void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void){
  static FuncDef aDateTimeFuncs[] = {
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
    PURE_DATE(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
    PURE_DATE(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
    PURE_DATE(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
    PURE_DATE(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
    PURE_DATE(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
    DFUNCTION(current_time,      0, 0, 0, ctimeFunc     ),
    DFUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, 0, 0, ctimestampFunc),
    DFUNCTION(current_date,      0, 0, 0, cdateFunc     ),
#else
    STR_FUNCTION(current_time,      0, "%H:%M:%S",          0, currentTimeFunc),
    STR_FUNCTION(current_date,      0, "%Y-%m-%d",          0, currentTimeFunc),
    STR_FUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 0, currentTimeFunc),
#endif
  };
  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aDateTimeFuncs, ArraySize(aDateTimeFuncs));
}