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| </style> | |
| <title>git-fetch(1)</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <div id="header"> | |
| <h1> | |
| git-fetch(1) Manual Page | |
| </h1> | |
| <h2>NAME</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>git-fetch - | |
| Download objects and refs from another repository | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p><em>git-fetch</em> <options> <repository> <refspec>…</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>Fetches named heads or tags from another repository, along with | |
| the objects necessary to complete them.</p> | |
| <p>The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored | |
| in <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt>. This information is left for a later merge | |
| operation done by "git merge".</p> | |
| <p>When <refspec> stores the fetched result in tracking branches, | |
| the tags that point at these branches are automatically | |
| followed. This is done by first fetching from the remote using | |
| the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are | |
| pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch | |
| those missing tags. If the other end has tags that point at | |
| branches you are not interested in, you will not get them.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>OPTIONS</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt> | |
| -q, --quiet | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally | |
| used programs. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -v, --verbose | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Be verbose. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -a, --append | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the | |
| existing contents of <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt>. Without this | |
| option old data in <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt> will be overwritten. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| --upload-pack <upload-pack> | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled | |
| by <em>git-fetch-pack</em>, <em>--exec=<upload-pack></em> is passed to | |
| the command to specify non-default path for the command | |
| run on the other end. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -f, --force | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| When <tt>git-fetch</tt> is used with <tt><rbranch>:<lbranch></tt> | |
| refspec, it refuses to update the local branch | |
| <tt><lbranch></tt> unless the remote branch <tt><rbranch></tt> it | |
| fetches is a descendant of <tt><lbranch></tt>. This option | |
| overrides that check. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -n, --no-tags | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded | |
| from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally. | |
| This option disables this automatic tag following. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -t, --tags | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch | |
| heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at | |
| objects reachable from the branch heads that are being | |
| tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism. This | |
| flag lets all tags and their associated objects be | |
| downloaded. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -k, --keep | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Keep downloaded pack. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| -u, --update-head-ok | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| By default <tt>git-fetch</tt> refuses to update the head which | |
| corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the | |
| check. This is purely for the internal use for <tt>git-pull</tt> | |
| to communicate with <tt>git-fetch</tt>, and unless you are | |
| implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to | |
| use it. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| --depth=<depth> | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| Deepen the history of a <em>shallow</em> repository created by | |
| <tt>git clone</tt> with <tt>--depth=<depth></tt> option (see <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>) | |
| by the specified number of commits. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| <repository> | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch | |
| or pull operation. See the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below. | |
| </p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| <refspec> | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <p> | |
| The canonical format of a <refspec> parameter is | |
| <tt>+?<src>:<dst></tt>; that is, an optional plus <tt>+</tt>, followed | |
| by the source ref, followed by a colon <tt>:</tt>, followed by | |
| the destination ref. | |
| </p> | |
| <p>The remote ref that matches <src> | |
| is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local | |
| ref that matches it is fast forwarded using <src>. | |
| Again, if the optional plus <tt>+</tt> is used, the local ref | |
| is updated even if it does not result in a fast forward | |
| update.</p> | |
| <div class="admonitionblock"> | |
| <table><tr> | |
| <td class="icon"> | |
| <div class="title">Note</div> | |
| </td> | |
| <td class="content">If the remote branch from which you want to pull is | |
| modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and | |
| rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with | |
| an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail. | |
| It is under these conditions that you would want to use | |
| the <tt>+</tt> sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will | |
| be needed. There is currently no easy way to determine | |
| or declare that a branch will be made available in a | |
| repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply | |
| must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.</td> | |
| </tr></table> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="admonitionblock"> | |
| <table><tr> | |
| <td class="icon"> | |
| <div class="title">Note</div> | |
| </td> | |
| <td class="content">You never do your own development on branches that appear | |
| on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on <tt>Pull:</tt> lines; | |
| they are to be updated by <tt>git-fetch</tt>. If you intend to do | |
| development derived from a remote branch <tt>B</tt>, have a <tt>Pull:</tt> | |
| line to track it (i.e. <tt>Pull: B:remote-B</tt>), and have a separate | |
| branch <tt>my-B</tt> to do your development on top of it. The latter | |
| is created by <tt>git branch my-B remote-B</tt> (or its equivalent <tt>git | |
| checkout -b my-B remote-B</tt>). Run <tt>git fetch</tt> to keep track of | |
| the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new | |
| on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with | |
| <tt>git pull . remote-B</tt>, while you are on <tt>my-B</tt> branch.</td> | |
| </tr></table> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="admonitionblock"> | |
| <table><tr> | |
| <td class="icon"> | |
| <div class="title">Note</div> | |
| </td> | |
| <td class="content">There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec> | |
| directly on <tt>git-pull</tt> command line and having multiple | |
| <tt>Pull:</tt> <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running | |
| <tt>git-pull</tt> command without any explicit <refspec> parameters. | |
| <refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always | |
| merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words, | |
| if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making | |
| an Octopus. While <tt>git-pull</tt> run without any explicit <refspec> | |
| parameter takes default <refspec>s from <tt>Pull:</tt> lines, it | |
| merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch, | |
| after fetching all the remote refs. This is because making an | |
| Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track | |
| of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one | |
| is often useful.</td> | |
| </tr></table> | |
| </div> | |
| <p>Some short-cut notations are also supported.</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <tt>tag <tag></tt> means the same as <tt>refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag></tt>; | |
| it requests fetching everything up to the given tag. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to | |
| <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current | |
| branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>One of the following notations can be used | |
| to name the remote repository:</p> | |
| <div class="exampleblock"> | |
| <div class="exampleblock-content"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| http://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| https://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| git://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| git://host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| ssh://[user@]host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| ssh://[user@]host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| ssh://[user@]host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>SSH is the default transport protocol over the network. You can | |
| optionally specify which user to log-in as, and an alternate, | |
| scp-like syntax is also supported. Both syntaxes support | |
| username expansion, as does the native git protocol, but | |
| only the former supports port specification. The following | |
| three are identical to the last three above, respectively:</p> | |
| <div class="exampleblock"> | |
| <div class="exampleblock-content"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| [user@]host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| [user@]host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| [user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>To sync with a local directory, you can use:</p> | |
| <div class="exampleblock"> | |
| <div class="exampleblock-content"> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| /path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| file:///path/to/repo.git/ | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>They are mostly equivalent, except when cloning. See | |
| <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for details.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>REMOTES</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>In addition to the above, as a short-hand, the name of a | |
| file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes</tt> directory can be given; the | |
| named file should be in the following format:</p> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt> URL: one of the above URL format | |
| Push: <refspec> | |
| Pull: <refspec> | |
| </tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>Then such a short-hand is specified in place of | |
| <repository> without <refspec> parameters on the command | |
| line, <refspec> specified on <tt>Push:</tt> lines or <tt>Pull:</tt> | |
| lines are used for <tt>git-push</tt> and <tt>git-fetch</tt>/<tt>git-pull</tt>, | |
| respectively. Multiple <tt>Push:</tt> and <tt>Pull:</tt> lines may | |
| be specified for additional branch mappings.</p> | |
| <p>Or, equivalently, in the <tt>$GIT_DIR/config</tt> (note the use | |
| of <tt>fetch</tt> instead of <tt>Pull:</tt>):</p> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt> [remote "<remote>"] | |
| url = <url> | |
| push = <refspec> | |
| fetch = <refspec> | |
| </tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>The name of a file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt> directory can be | |
| specified as an older notation short-hand; the named | |
| file should contain a single line, a URL in one of the | |
| above formats, optionally followed by a hash <tt>#</tt> and the | |
| name of remote head (URL fragment notation). | |
| <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches/<remote></tt> file that stores a <url> | |
| without the fragment is equivalent to have this in the | |
| corresponding file in the <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes/</tt> directory.</p> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt> URL: <url> | |
| Pull: refs/heads/master:<remote> | |
| </tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>while having <tt><url>#<head></tt> is equivalent to</p> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt> URL: <url> | |
| Pull: refs/heads/<head>:<remote></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>SEE ALSO</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a></p> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Author</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and | |
| Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net></p> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Documentation</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>GIT</h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="footer"> | |
| <div id="footer-text"> | |
| Last updated 27-Jan-2008 08:23:28 UTC | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |