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| </head> |
| <body class="manpage"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>git-credential(1) Manual Page</h1> |
| <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <p>git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>'git credential' (fill|approve|reject|capability)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials |
| from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for |
| usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this |
| interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for |
| credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable |
| interface models the internal C API; see credential.h for more |
| background on the concepts.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of |
| <code>fill</code>, <code>approve</code>, or <code>reject</code>) and reads a credential description |
| on stdin (see <a href="#IOFMT">INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</a>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the action is <code>fill</code>, git-credential will attempt to add "username" |
| and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files, |
| by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the |
| user. The username and password attributes of the credential |
| description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes |
| already provided.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the action is <code>approve</code>, git-credential will send the description |
| to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential |
| for later use.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the action is <code>reject</code>, git-credential will send the description to |
| any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored |
| credentials matching the description.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the action is <code>capability</code>, git-credential will announce any capabilities |
| it supports to standard output.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the action is <code>approve</code> or <code>reject</code>, no output should be emitted.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_typical_use_of_git_credential">TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An application using git-credential will typically use <code>git</code> |
| <code>credential</code> following these steps:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Generate a credential description based on the context.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, if we want a password for |
| <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code>, we might generate the following |
| credential description (don’t forget the blank line at the end; it |
| tells <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> that the application finished feeding all the |
| information it has):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>protocol=https |
| host=example.com |
| path=foo.git</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this |
| description. This is done by running <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> <code>fill</code>, |
| feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete |
| credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the |
| login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:</p> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>protocol=https |
| host=example.com |
| username=bob |
| password=secr3t</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be |
| repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential |
| description, for example by removing the <code>path</code> attribute when the |
| protocol is HTTP(s) and <code>credential.useHttpPath</code> is false.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> knew about the password, this step may |
| not have involved the user actually typing this password (the |
| user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead, |
| or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already |
| unlocked) before it returned <code>password=secr3t</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and |
| password from step (2)), and see if it’s accepted.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Report on the success or failure of the password. If the |
| credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then |
| it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell <code>git</code> |
| <code>credential</code> to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential |
| was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so |
| that <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> will ask for a new password in its next |
| invocation. In either case, <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> should be fed with |
| the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also |
| contains the fields provided in step (1)).</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="IOFMT">INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><code>git</code> <code>credential</code> reads and/or writes (depending on the action used) |
| credential information in its standard input/output. This information |
| can correspond either to keys for which <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> will obtain |
| the login information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the actual |
| credential data to be obtained (username/password).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one |
| attribute per line. Each attribute is specified by a key-value pair, |
| separated by an <code>=</code> (equals) sign, followed by a newline.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The key may contain any bytes except <code>=</code>, newline, or NUL. The value may |
| contain any bytes except newline or NUL. A line, including the trailing |
| newline, may not exceed 65535 bytes in order to allow implementations to |
| parse efficiently.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Attributes with keys that end with C-style array brackets [] can have |
| multiple values. Each instance of a multi-valued attribute forms an |
| ordered list of values - the order of the repeated attributes defines |
| the order of the values. An empty multi-valued attribute (<code>key</code>[]<code>=\n</code>) |
| acts to clear any previous entries and reset the list.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In all cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting, |
| and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of |
| attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Git understands the following attributes:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>protocol</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g., |
| <code>https</code>).</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>host</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The remote hostname for a network credential. This includes |
| the port number if one was specified (e.g., "example.com:8088").</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>path</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for |
| accessing a remote https repository, this will be the |
| repository’s path on the server.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>username</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The credential’s username, if we already have one (e.g., from a |
| URL, the configuration, the user, or from a previously run helper).</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>password</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The credential’s password, if we are asking it to be stored.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>password_expiry_utc</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Generated passwords such as an OAuth access token may have an expiry date. |
| When reading credentials from helpers, <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> <code>fill</code> ignores expired |
| passwords. Represented as Unix time UTC, seconds since 1970.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>oauth_refresh_token</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>An OAuth refresh token may accompany a password that is an OAuth access |
| token. Helpers must treat this attribute as confidential like the password |
| attribute. Git itself has no special behaviour for this attribute.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>url</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When this special attribute is read by <code>git</code> <code>credential</code>, the |
| value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts |
| were read (e.g., <code>url=https://example.com</code> would behave as if |
| <code>protocol=https</code> and <code>host=example.com</code> had been provided). This |
| can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that specifying a protocol is mandatory and if the URL |
| doesn’t specify a hostname (e.g., "cert:///path/to/file") the |
| credential will contain a hostname attribute whose value is an |
| empty string.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no |
| username in the example above) will be left unset.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>authtype</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This indicates that the authentication scheme in question should be used. |
| Common values for HTTP and HTTPS include <code>basic</code>, <code>bearer</code>, and <code>digest</code>, |
| although the latter is insecure and should not be used. If <code>credential</code> |
| is used, this may be set to an arbitrary string suitable for the protocol in |
| question (usually HTTP).</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is |
| provided on input.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>credential</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The pre-encoded credential, suitable for the protocol in question (usually |
| HTTP). If this key is sent, <code>authtype</code> is mandatory, and <code>username</code> and |
| <code>password</code> are not used. For HTTP, Git concatenates the <code>authtype</code> value and |
| this value with a single space to determine the <code>Authorization</code> header.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is |
| provided on input.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ephemeral</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This boolean value indicates, if true, that the value in the <code>credential</code> |
| field should not be saved by the credential helper because its usefulness is |
| limited in time. For example, an HTTP Digest <code>credential</code> value is computed |
| using a nonce and reusing it will not result in successful authentication. |
| This may also be used for situations with short duration (e.g., 24-hour) |
| credentials. The default value is false.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The credential helper will still be invoked with <code>store</code> or <code>erase</code> so that it |
| can determine whether the operation was successful.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is |
| provided on input.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>state</code>[]</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This value provides an opaque state that will be passed back to this helper |
| if it is called again. Each different credential helper may specify this |
| once. The value should include a prefix unique to the credential helper and |
| should ignore values that don’t match its prefix.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is |
| provided on input.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>continue</code></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This is a boolean value, which, if enabled, indicates that this |
| authentication is a non-final part of a multistage authentication step. This |
| is common in protocols such as NTLM and Kerberos, where two rounds of client |
| authentication are required, and setting this flag allows the credential |
| helper to implement the multistage authentication step. This flag should |
| only be sent if a further stage is required; that is, if another round of |
| authentication is expected.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This value should not be sent unless the appropriate capability (see below) is |
| provided on input. This attribute is <em>one-way</em> from a credential helper to |
| pass information to Git (or other programs invoking <code>git</code> <code>credential</code>).</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>wwwauth</code>[]</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When an HTTP response is received by Git that includes one or more |
| <em>WWW-Authenticate</em> authentication headers, these will be passed by Git |
| to credential helpers.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each <em>WWW-Authenticate</em> header value is passed as a multi-valued |
| attribute <em>wwwauth[]</em>, where the order of the attributes is the same as |
| they appear in the HTTP response. This attribute is <em>one-way</em> from Git |
| to pass additional information to credential helpers.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><code>capability</code>[]</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>This signals that Git, or the helper, as appropriate, supports the capability |
| in question. This can be used to provide better, more specific data as part |
| of the protocol. A <code>capability</code>[] directive must precede any value depending |
| on it and these directives <em>should</em> be the first item announced in the |
| protocol.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are two currently supported capabilities. The first is <code>authtype</code>, which |
| indicates that the <code>authtype</code>, <code>credential</code>, and <code>ephemeral</code> values are |
| understood. The second is <code>state</code>, which indicates that the <code>state</code>[] and |
| <code>continue</code> values are understood.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is not obligatory to use the additional features just because the capability |
| is supported, but they should not be provided without the capability.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unrecognised attributes and capabilities are silently discarded.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="CAPA-IOFMT">CAPABILITY INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For <code>git</code> <code>credential</code> <code>capability</code>, the format is slightly different. First, a |
| <code>version</code> <code>0</code> announcement is made to indicate the current version of the |
| protocol, and then each capability is announced with a line like <code>capability</code> |
| <code>authtype</code>. Credential helpers may also implement this format, again with the |
| <code>capability</code> argument. Additional lines may be added in the future; callers |
| should ignore lines which they don’t understand.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because this is a new part of the credential helper protocol, older versions of |
| Git, as well as some credential helpers, may not support it. If a non-zero |
| exit status is received, or if the first line doesn’t start with the word |
| <code>version</code> and a space, callers should assume that no capabilities are supported.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The intention of this format is to differentiate it from the credential output |
| in an unambiguous way. It is possible to use very simple credential helpers |
| (e.g., inline shell scripts) which always produce identical output. Using a |
| distinct format allows users to continue to use this syntax without having to |
| worry about correctly implementing capability advertisements or accidentally |
| confusing callers querying for capabilities.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Last updated 2025-06-20 18:10:42 -0700 |
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