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| </head> |
| <body class="manpage"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>git-gc(1) Manual Page</h1> |
| <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <p>git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="verseblock"> |
| <pre class="content"><em>git gc</em> [--aggressive] [--auto] [--[no-]detach] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force] [--keep-largest-pack]</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository, |
| such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase |
| performance), removing unreachable objects which may have been |
| created from prior invocations of <em>git add</em>, packing refs, pruning |
| reflog, rerere metadata or stale working trees. May also update ancillary |
| indexes such as the commit-graph.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When common porcelain operations that create objects are run, they |
| will check whether the repository has grown substantially since the |
| last maintenance, and if so run <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> automatically. See <code>gc.auto</code> |
| below for how to disable this behavior.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Running <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> manually should only be needed when adding objects to |
| a repository without regularly running such porcelain commands, to do |
| a one-off repository optimization, or e.g. to clean up a suboptimal |
| mass-import. See the "PACKFILE OPTIMIZATION" section in |
| <a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a> for more details on the import case.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--aggressive</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Usually <em>git gc</em> runs very quickly while providing good disk |
| space utilization and performance. This option will cause |
| <em>git gc</em> to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense |
| of taking much more time. The effects of this optimization are |
| mostly persistent. See the "AGGRESSIVE" section below for details.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--auto</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>With this option, <em>git gc</em> checks whether any housekeeping is |
| required; if not, it exits without performing any work.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See the <code>gc.auto</code> option in the "CONFIGURATION" section below for how |
| this heuristic works.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Once housekeeping is triggered by exceeding the limits of |
| configuration options such as <code>gc.auto</code> and <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>, all |
| other housekeeping tasks (e.g. rerere, working trees, reflog…​) will |
| be performed as well.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]detach</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Run in the background if the system supports it. This option overrides |
| the <code>gc.autoDetach</code> config.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]cruft</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When expiring unreachable objects, pack them separately into a |
| cruft pack instead of storing them as loose objects. <code>--cruft</code> |
| is on by default.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--max-cruft-size=<n></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When packing unreachable objects into a cruft pack, limit the |
| size of new cruft packs to be at most <em><n></em> bytes. Overrides any |
| value specified via the <code>gc.maxCruftSize</code> configuration. See |
| the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for |
| more.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--expire-to=<dir></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When packing unreachable objects into a cruft pack, write a cruft |
| pack containing pruned objects (if any) to the directory <em><dir></em>. |
| This option only has an effect when used together with <code>--cruft</code>. |
| See the <code>--expire-to</code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for |
| more information.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--prune=<date></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago, |
| overridable by the config variable <code>gc.pruneExpire</code>). |
| --prune=now prunes loose objects regardless of their age and |
| increases the risk of corruption if another process is writing to |
| the repository concurrently; see "NOTES" below. --prune is on by |
| default.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--no-prune</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Do not prune any loose objects.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Suppress all progress reports.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--force</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Force <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> to run even if there may be another <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> |
| instance running on this repository.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">--keep-largest-pack</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>All packs except the largest non-cruft pack, any packs marked |
| with a .<code>keep</code> file, and any cruft pack(s) are consolidated into |
| a single pack. When this option is used, <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> |
| is ignored.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_aggressive">AGGRESSIVE</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When the <code>--aggressive</code> option is supplied, <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> will |
| be invoked with the <code>-f</code> flag, which in turn will pass |
| <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> to <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>. This will throw |
| away any existing deltas and re-compute them, at the expense of |
| spending much more time on the repacking.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The effects of this are mostly persistent, e.g. when packs and loose |
| objects are coalesced into one another pack the existing deltas in |
| that pack might get re-used, but there are also various cases where we |
| might pick a sub-optimal delta from a newer pack instead.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Furthermore, supplying <code>--aggressive</code> will tweak the <code>--depth</code> and |
| <code>--window</code> options passed to <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>. See the |
| <code>gc.aggressiveDepth</code> and <code>gc.aggressiveWindow</code> settings below. By |
| using a larger window size we’re more likely to find more optimal |
| deltas.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It’s probably not worth it to use this option on a given repository |
| without running tailored performance benchmarks on it. It takes a lot |
| more time, and the resulting space/delta optimization may or may not |
| be worth it. Not using this at all is the right trade-off for most |
| users and their repositories.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included |
| from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same |
| as what’s found there:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.aggressiveDepth</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The depth parameter used in the delta compression |
| algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>. This defaults |
| to 50, which is the default for the <code>--depth</code> option when |
| <code>--aggressive</code> isn’t in use.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See the documentation for the <code>--depth</code> option in |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.aggressiveWindow</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>The window size parameter used in the delta compression |
| algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>. This defaults |
| to 250, which is a much more aggressive window size than |
| the default <code>--window</code> of 10.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See the documentation for the <code>--window</code> option in |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.auto</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When there are approximately more than this many loose |
| objects in the repository, <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will pack them. |
| Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a |
| light-weight garbage collection from time to time. The |
| default value is 6700.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Setting this to 0 disables not only automatic packing based on the |
| number of loose objects, but also any other heuristic <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will |
| otherwise use to determine if there’s work to do, such as |
| <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.autoPackLimit</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When there are more than this many packs that are not |
| marked with <code>*.keep</code> file in the repository, <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> |
| <code>--auto</code> consolidates them into one larger pack. The |
| default value is 50. Setting this to 0 disables it. |
| Setting <code>gc.auto</code> to 0 will also disable this.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See the <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> configuration variable below. When in |
| use, it’ll affect how the auto pack limit works.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.autoDetach</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Make <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> return immediately and run in the background |
| if the system supports it. Default is true. This config variable acts |
| as a fallback in case <code>maintenance.autoDetach</code> is not set.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.bigPackThreshold</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>If non-zero, all non-cruft packs larger than this limit are kept |
| when <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> is run. This is very similar to |
| <code>--keep-largest-pack</code> except that all non-cruft packs that meet |
| the threshold are kept, not just the largest pack. Defaults to |
| zero. Common unit suffixes of <em>k</em>, <em>m</em>, or <em>g</em> are supported.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit, |
| this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack |
| will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below |
| gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the amount of memory estimated for <code>git</code> <code>repack</code> to run smoothly is |
| not available and <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> is not set, the largest pack |
| will also be excluded (this is the equivalent of running <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> with |
| <code>--keep-largest-pack</code>).</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.writeCommitGraph</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when |
| <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a> is run. When using <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> |
| the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is |
| required. Default is true. See <a href="git-commit-graph.html">git-commit-graph(1)</a> |
| for details.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.logExpiry</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>If the file gc.log exists, then <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> <code>--auto</code> will print |
| its content and exit with status zero instead of running |
| unless that file is more than <em>gc.logExpiry</em> old. Default is |
| "1.day". See <code>gc.pruneExpire</code> for more ways to specify its |
| value.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.packRefs</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Running <code>git</code> <code>pack-refs</code> in a repository renders it |
| unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb |
| transports such as HTTP. This variable determines whether |
| <em>git gc</em> runs <code>git</code> <code>pack-refs</code>. This can be set to <code>notbare</code> |
| to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a |
| boolean value. The default is <code>true</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.cruftPacks</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Store unreachable objects in a cruft pack (see |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) instead of as loose objects. The default |
| is <code>true</code>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.maxCruftSize</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Limit the size of new cruft packs when repacking. When |
| specified in addition to <code>--max-cruft-size</code>, the command line |
| option takes priority. See the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.pruneExpire</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When <em>git gc</em> is run, it will call <em>prune --expire 2.weeks.ago</em> |
| (and <em>repack --cruft --cruft-expiration 2.weeks.ago</em> if using |
| cruft packs via <code>gc.cruftPacks</code> or <code>--cruft</code>). Override the |
| grace period with this config variable. The value "now" may be |
| used to disable this grace period and always prune unreachable |
| objects immediately, or "never" may be used to suppress pruning. |
| This feature helps prevent corruption when <em>git gc</em> runs |
| concurrently with another process writing to the repository; see |
| the "NOTES" section of <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.worktreePruneExpire</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When <em>git gc</em> is run, it calls |
| <em>git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago</em>. |
| This config variable can be used to set a different grace |
| period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace |
| period and prune <code>$GIT_DIR/worktrees</code> immediately, or "never" |
| may be used to suppress pruning.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.reflogExpire</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than |
| this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all |
| entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration |
| altogether. With "<pattern>" (e.g. |
| "refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to |
| the refs that match the <pattern>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.reflogExpireUnreachable</dt> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.<pattern>.reflogExpireUnreachable</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than |
| this time and are not reachable from the current tip; |
| defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries |
| immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether. |
| With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash") |
| in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that |
| match the <pattern>.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These types of entries are generally created as a result of using <code>git</code> |
| <code>commit</code> <code>--amend</code> or <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> and are the commits prior to the amend |
| or rebase occurring. Since these changes are not part of the current |
| project most users will want to expire them sooner, which is why the |
| default is more aggressive than <code>gc.reflogExpire</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.recentObjectsHook</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When considering whether or not to remove an object (either when |
| generating a cruft pack or storing unreachable objects as |
| loose), use the shell to execute the specified command(s). |
| Interpret their output as object IDs which Git will consider as |
| "recent", regardless of their age. By treating their mtimes as |
| "now", any objects (and their descendants) mentioned in the |
| output will be kept regardless of their true age.</p> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Output must contain exactly one hex object ID per line, and nothing |
| else. Objects which cannot be found in the repository are ignored. |
| Multiple hooks are supported, but all must exit successfully, else the |
| operation (either generating a cruft pack or unpacking unreachable |
| objects) will be halted.</p> |
| </div> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.repackFilter</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When repacking, use the specified filter to move certain |
| objects into a separate packfile. See the |
| <code>--filter=</code><em><filter-spec></em> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.repackFilterTo</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>When repacking and using a filter, see <code>gc.repackFilter</code>, the |
| specified location will be used to create the packfile |
| containing the filtered out objects. <strong>WARNING:</strong> The |
| specified location should be accessible, using for example the |
| Git alternates mechanism, otherwise the repo could be |
| considered corrupt by Git as it might not be able to access the |
| objects in that packfile. See the <code>--filter-to=</code><em><dir></em> option |
| of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> and the <code>objects/info/alternates</code> |
| section of <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.rerereResolved</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are |
| kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run. |
| You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc. |
| The default is 60 days. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">gc.rerereUnresolved</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are |
| kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run. |
| You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc. |
| The default is 15 days. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>git gc</em> tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced |
| anywhere in your repository. In particular, it will keep not only |
| objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also |
| objects referenced by the index, remote-tracking branches, reflogs |
| (which may reference commits in branches that were later amended or |
| rewound), and anything else in the refs/* namespace. Note that a note |
| (of the kind created by <em>git notes</em>) attached to an object does not |
| contribute in keeping the object alive. If you are expecting some |
| objects to be deleted and they aren’t, check all of those locations |
| and decide whether it makes sense in your case to remove those |
| references.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>On the other hand, when <em>git gc</em> runs concurrently with another process, |
| there is a risk of it deleting an object that the other process is using |
| but hasn’t created a reference to. This may just cause the other process |
| to fail or may corrupt the repository if the other process later adds a |
| reference to the deleted object. Git has two features that significantly |
| mitigate this problem:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Any object with modification time newer than the <code>--prune</code> date is kept, |
| along with everything reachable from it.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Most operations that add an object to the database update the |
| modification time of the object if it is already present so that #1 |
| applies.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>However, these features fall short of a complete solution, so users who |
| run commands concurrently have to live with some risk of corruption (which |
| seems to be low in practice).</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>git gc --auto</em> command will run the <em>pre-auto-gc</em> hook. See |
| <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more information.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a> |
| <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a> |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> |
| <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Last updated 2025-06-20 18:10:42 -0700 |
| </div> |
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