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| </head> |
| <body class="manpage"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>gitprotocol-capabilities(5) Manual Page</h1> |
| <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <p>gitprotocol-capabilities - Protocol v0 and v1 capabilities</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="verseblock"> |
| <pre class="content"><over-the-wire-protocol></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <div class="title">Note</div> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| this document describes capabilities for versions 0 and 1 of the pack |
| protocol. For version 2, please refer to the <a href="gitprotocol-v2.html">gitprotocol-v2(5)</a> |
| doc. |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined in this document.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>On the very first line of the initial server response of either |
| receive-pack and upload-pack the first reference is followed by |
| a NUL byte and then a list of space delimited server capabilities. |
| These allow the server to declare what it can and cannot support |
| to the client.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Client will then send a space separated list of capabilities it wants |
| to be in effect. The client MUST NOT ask for capabilities the server |
| did not say it supports.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Server MUST diagnose and abort if capabilities it does not understand |
| were sent. Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested |
| and server advertised. As a consequence of these rules, server MUST |
| NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>atomic</em>, <em>report-status</em>, <em>report-status-v2</em>, <em>delete-refs</em>, <em>quiet</em>, |
| and <em>push-cert</em> capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack |
| (push to server) process.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>ofs-delta</em> and <em>side-band-64k</em> capabilities are sent and recognized |
| by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols. The <em>agent</em> and <em>session-id</em> |
| capabilities may optionally be sent in both protocols.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch |
| from server) process.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_multi_ack">multi_ack</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>multi_ack</em> capability allows the server to return "ACK obj-id |
| continue" as soon as it finds a commit that it can use as a common |
| base, between the client’s wants and the client’s have set.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By sending this early, the server can potentially head off the client |
| from walking any further down that particular branch of the client’s |
| repository history. The client may still need to walk down other |
| branches, sending have lines for those, until the server has a |
| complete cut across the DAG, or the client has said "done".</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Without multi_ack, a client sends have lines in --date-order until |
| the server has found a common base. That means the client will send |
| have lines that are already known by the server to be common, because |
| they overlap in time with another branch on which the server hasn’t found |
| a common base yet.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example suppose the client has commits in caps that the server |
| doesn’t and the server has commits in lower case that the client |
| doesn’t, as in the following diagram:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> +---- u ---------------------- x |
| / +----- y |
| / / |
| a -- b -- c -- d -- E -- F |
| \ |
| +--- Q -- R -- S</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the client wants x,y and starts out by saying have F,S, the server |
| doesn’t know what F,S is. Eventually the client says "have d" and |
| the server sends "ACK d continue" to let the client know to stop |
| walking down that line (so don’t send c-b-a), but it’s not done yet, |
| it needs a base for x. The client keeps going with S-R-Q, until a |
| gets reached, at which point the server has a clear base and it all |
| ends.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway, |
| interleaved with S-R-Q.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_multi_ack_detailed">multi_ack_detailed</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This is an extension of multi_ack that permits the client to better |
| understand the server’s in-memory state. See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a>, |
| section "Packfile Negotiation" for more information.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_no_done">no-done</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This capability should only be used with the smart HTTP protocol. If |
| multi_ack_detailed and no-done are both present, then the sender is |
| free to immediately send a pack following its first "ACK obj-id ready" |
| message.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Without no-done in the smart HTTP protocol, the server session would |
| end and the client has to make another trip to send "done" before |
| the server can send the pack. no-done removes the last round and |
| thus slightly reduces latency.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_thin_pack">thin-pack</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A thin pack is one with deltas which reference base objects not |
| contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving |
| end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it |
| requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by |
| adding the missing bases to the pack.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The upload-pack server advertises <em>thin-pack</em> when it can generate |
| and send a thin pack. A client requests the <em>thin-pack</em> capability |
| when it understands how to "thicken" it, notifying the server that |
| it can receive such a pack. A client MUST NOT request the |
| <em>thin-pack</em> capability if it cannot turn a thin pack into a |
| self-contained pack.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Receive-pack, on the other hand, is assumed by default to be able to |
| handle thin packs, but can ask the client not to use the feature by |
| advertising the <em>no-thin</em> capability. A client MUST NOT send a thin |
| pack if the server advertises the <em>no-thin</em> capability.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The reasons for this asymmetry are historical. The receive-pack |
| program did not exist until after the invention of thin packs, so |
| historically the reference implementation of receive-pack always |
| understood thin packs. Adding <em>no-thin</em> later allowed receive-pack |
| to disable the feature in a backwards-compatible manner.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_side_band_side_band_64k">side-band, side-band-64k</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This capability means that the server can send, and the client can understand, multiplexed |
| progress reports and error info interleaved with the packfile itself.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two options are mutually exclusive. A modern client always |
| favors <em>side-band-64k</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Either mode indicates that the packfile data will be streamed broken |
| up into packets of up to either 1000 bytes in the case of <em>side_band</em>, |
| or 65520 bytes in the case of <em>side_band_64k</em>. Each packet is made up |
| of a leading 4-byte pkt-line length of how much data is in the packet, |
| followed by a 1-byte stream code, followed by the actual data.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The stream code can be one of:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>1 - pack data |
| 2 - progress messages |
| 3 - fatal error message just before stream aborts</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The "side-band-64k" capability came about as a way for newer clients |
| that can handle much larger packets to request packets that are |
| actually crammed nearly full, while maintaining backward compatibility |
| for the older clients.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Further, with side-band and its up to 1000-byte messages, it’s actually |
| 999 bytes of payload and 1 byte for the stream code. With side-band-64k, |
| same deal, you have up to 65519 bytes of data and 1 byte for the stream |
| code.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The client MUST send only one of "side-band" and "side- |
| band-64k". The server MUST diagnose it as an error if client requests |
| both.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_ofs_delta">ofs-delta</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The server can send, and the client can understand, PACKv2 with delta referring to |
| its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id. That is, they can |
| send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_agent">agent</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The server may optionally send a capability of the form <code>agent=X</code> to |
| notify the client that the server is running version <code>X</code>. The client may |
| optionally return its own agent string by responding with an <code>agent=Y</code> |
| capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the |
| agent capability). The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> strings may contain any printable |
| ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and |
| are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The |
| agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging |
| purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programmatically assume the presence |
| or absence of particular features.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_object_format">object-format</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This capability, which takes a hash algorithm as an argument, indicates |
| that the server supports the given hash algorithms. It may be sent |
| multiple times; if so, the first one given is the one used in the ref |
| advertisement.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When provided by the client, this indicates that it intends to use the |
| given hash algorithm to communicate. The algorithm provided must be one |
| that the server supports.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If this capability is not provided, it is assumed that the only |
| supported algorithm is SHA-1.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_symref">symref</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This parameterized capability is used to inform the receiver which symbolic ref |
| points to which ref; for example, "symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master" tells the |
| receiver that HEAD points to master. This capability can be repeated to |
| represent multiple symrefs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Servers SHOULD include this capability for the HEAD symref if it is one of the |
| refs being sent.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Clients MAY use the parameters from this capability to select the proper initial |
| branch when cloning a repository.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_shallow">shallow</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This capability adds "deepen", "shallow" and "unshallow" commands to |
| the fetch-pack/upload-pack protocol so clients can request shallow |
| clones.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_deepen_since">deepen-since</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This capability adds "deepen-since" command to fetch-pack/upload-pack |
| protocol so the client can request shallow clones that are cut at a |
| specific time, instead of depth. Internally it’s equivalent of doing |
| "rev-list --max-age=<timestamp>" on the server side. "deepen-since" |
| cannot be used with "deepen".</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_deepen_not">deepen-not</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This capability adds "deepen-not" command to fetch-pack/upload-pack |
| protocol so the client can request shallow clones that are cut at a |
| specific revision, instead of depth. Internally it’s equivalent of |
| doing "rev-list --not <rev>" on the server side. "deepen-not" |
| cannot be used with "deepen", but can be used with "deepen-since".</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_deepen_relative">deepen-relative</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If this capability is requested by the client, the semantics of |
| "deepen" command is changed. The "depth" argument is the depth from |
| the current shallow boundary, instead of the depth from remote refs.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_no_progress">no-progress</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The client was started with "git clone -q" or something similar, and doesn’t |
| want that side band 2. Basically the client just says "I do not |
| wish to receive stream 2 on sideband, so do not send it to me, and if |
| you did, I will drop it on the floor anyway". However, the sideband |
| channel 3 is still used for error responses.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_include_tag">include-tag</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>include-tag</em> capability is about sending annotated tags if we are |
| sending objects they point to. If we pack an object to the client, and |
| a tag object points exactly at that object, we pack the tag object too. |
| In general this allows a client to get all new annotated tags when it |
| fetches a branch, in a single network connection.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Clients MAY always send include-tag, hardcoding it into a request when |
| the server advertises this capability. The decision for a client to |
| request include-tag only has to do with the client’s desires for tag |
| data, whether or not a server had advertised objects in the |
| refs/tags/* namespace.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Servers MUST pack the tags if their referent is packed and the client |
| has requested include-tags.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Clients MUST be prepared for the case where a server has ignored |
| include-tag and has not actually sent tags in the pack. In such |
| cases the client SHOULD issue a subsequent fetch to acquire the tags |
| that include-tag would have otherwise given the client.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The server SHOULD send include-tag, if it supports it, regardless |
| of whether or not there are tags available.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_report_status">report-status</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The receive-pack process can receive a <em>report-status</em> capability, |
| which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after |
| a packfile upload and reference update. If the pushing client requests |
| this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server |
| will respond with whether the packfile unpacked successfully and if |
| each reference was updated successfully. If any of those were not |
| successful, it will send back an error message. See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a> |
| for example messages.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_report_status_v2">report-status-v2</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Capability <em>report-status-v2</em> extends capability <em>report-status</em> by |
| adding new "option" directives in order to support reference rewritten by |
| the "proc-receive" hook. The "proc-receive" hook may handle a command |
| for a pseudo-reference which may create or update a reference with |
| different name, new-oid, and old-oid. While the capability |
| <em>report-status</em> cannot report for such case. See <a href="gitprotocol-pack.html">gitprotocol-pack(5)</a> |
| for details.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_delete_refs">delete-refs</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the server sends back the <em>delete-refs</em> capability, it means that |
| it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target |
| value of a reference update. It is not sent back by the client, it |
| simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values |
| to delete references.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_quiet">quiet</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the receive-pack server advertises the <em>quiet</em> capability, it is |
| capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may |
| be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should |
| respond with the <em>quiet</em> capability to suppress server-side progress |
| reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed |
| (e.g., via <code>push</code> <code>-q</code>, or if stderr does not go to a tty).</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_atomic">atomic</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the server sends the <em>atomic</em> capability it is capable of accepting |
| atomic pushes. If the pushing client requests this capability, the server |
| will update the refs in one atomic transaction. Either all refs are |
| updated or none.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_push_options">push-options</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the server sends the <em>push-options</em> capability it is able to accept |
| push options after the update commands have been sent, but before the |
| packfile is streamed. If the pushing client requests this capability, |
| the server will pass the options to the pre- and post- receive hooks |
| that process this push request.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_allow_tip_sha1_in_want">allow-tip-sha1-in-want</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may |
| send "want" lines with object names that exist at the server but are not |
| advertised by upload-pack. For historical reasons, the name of this |
| capability contains "sha1". Object names are always given using the |
| object format negotiated through the <em>object-format</em> capability.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_allow_reachable_sha1_in_want">allow-reachable-sha1-in-want</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may |
| send "want" lines with object names that exist at the server but are not |
| advertised by upload-pack. For historical reasons, the name of this |
| capability contains "sha1". Object names are always given using the |
| object format negotiated through the <em>object-format</em> capability.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_push_certnonce">push-cert=<nonce></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The receive-pack server that advertises this capability is willing |
| to accept a signed push certificate, and asks the <nonce> to be |
| included in the push certificate. A send-pack client MUST NOT |
| send a push-cert packet unless the receive-pack server advertises |
| this capability.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_filter">filter</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the upload-pack server advertises the <em>filter</em> capability, |
| fetch-pack may send "filter" commands to request a partial clone |
| or partial fetch and request that the server omit various objects |
| from the packfile.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_session_idsession_id">session-id=<session-id></h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The server may advertise a session ID that can be used to identify this process |
| across multiple requests. The client may advertise its own session ID back to |
| the server as well.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Session IDs should be unique to a given process. They must fit within a |
| packet-line, and must not contain non-printable or whitespace characters. The |
| current implementation uses trace2 session IDs (see |
| <a href="technical/api-trace2.html">api-trace2</a> for details), but this may change |
| and users of the session ID should not rely on this fact.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Last updated 2025-06-20 18:10:42 -0700 |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
